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Background: The prognostic impact of complete coronary revascularization relative to non-invasive testing methods is unknown., Objectives: To assess the association between completeness of revascularization defined by CTA-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR CT ) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable angina., Methods: Multicenter 3-year follow-up study of patients with new onset stable angina and ≥ 30% stenosis by CTA. The lesion-specific FFR CT value (two cm-distal-to-stenosis) was registered in all vessels with stenosis and considered abnormal when ≤ 0.80. Patients with FFR CT ≤ 0.80 were categorized as: Completely revascularized (CR-FFR CT ), all vessels with FFR CT ≤ 0.80 revascularized; incompletely revascularized (IR-FFR CT ), ≥ 1 vessels with FFR CT ≤ 0.80 non-revascularized. Early revascularization (< 90 days from index CTA) categorized vessels as revascularized. The primary endpoint comprised cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction; the secondary endpoint vessel-specific late revascularization and non-fatal myocardial infarction., Results: Amongst 900 patients and 1759 vessels, FFR CT was ≤ 0.80 in 377 (42%) patients, 536 (30%) vessels; revascularization was performed in 244 (27%) patients, 340 (19%) vessels. Risk of the primary endpoint was higher for IR-FFR CT (15/210 [7.1%]) compared to CR-FFR CT (4/167 [2.4%]), RR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.01-8.8, p ​= ​0.036, and to normal FFR CT (3/523 [0.6%]), RR: 12.45; 95% CI: 3.6-42.6, p ​< ​0.001. Incidence of the secondary endpoint was higher in non-revascularized vessels with FFR CT ≤ 0.80 (29/250 [12%]) compared to revascularized vessels with FFR CT ≤ 0.80 (5/286 [1.7%]), p ​= ​0.001, and to vessels with FFR CT > 0.80 (10/1223 [0.8%]), p ​< ​0.001., Conclusion: Incomplete revascularization of patients with lesion-specific FFR CT ≤ 0.80 is associated to unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes compared to those with complete revascularization or FFR CT > 0.80., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest CR is a full-time employee of HeartFlow, and receives salary and stock options from HeartFlow. ELG has no conflicts related to this manuscript but has received speaker honoraria or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Lundbeck Pharma, Novo Nordisk and Organon. He is investigator in clinical studies sponsored by AstraZeneca, Idorsia or Bayer and has received unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim. JL is a consultant and holds stock options in Circle CVI and HeartFlow. KN acknowledges support from the NIH and reports unrestricted institutional research support from Siemens Healthineers, Bayer, HeartFlow Inc and Novartis. MP has received research grants from Janssen, Bayer, Heartflow and NIH and is part of the following advisory boards: Janssen, Bayer, Heartflow, Phillips. SM is a full-time employee of HeartFlow, and shareholder of HeartFlow. TF is associated with the HeartFlow speakers bureau. All other authors had no disclosures to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Coronary CT angiography (CTA) derived fractional flow reserve (FFR CT ) shows high diagnostic performance when compared to invasively measured FFR. Presence and extent of low attenuation plaque density have been shown to be associated with abnormal physiology by measured FFR. Moreover, it is well established that statin therapy reduces the rate of plaque progression and results in morphology alterations underlying atherosclerosis. However, the interplay between lipid lowering treatment, plaque regression, and the coronary physiology has not previously been investigated., Aim: To test whether lipid lowering therapy is associated with significant improvement in FFR CT , and whether there is a dose-response relationship between lipid lowering intensity, plaque regression, and coronary flow recovery., Methods: Investigator driven, prospective, multicenter, randomized study of patients with stable angina, coronary stenosis ≥50% determined by clinically indicated first-line CTA, and FFR CT  ≤ 0.80 in whom coronary revascularization was deferred. Patients are randomized to standard (atorvastatin 40 mg daily) or intensive (rosuvastatin 40 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg daily) lipid lowering therapy for 18 months. Coronary CTA scans with blinded coronary plaque and FFR CT analyses will be repeated after 9 and 18 months. The primary endpoint is the 18-month difference in FFR CT using (1) the FFR CT value 2 cm distal to stenosis and (2) the lowest distal value in the vessel of interest. A total of 104 patients will be included in the study., Conclusion: The results of this study will provide novel insights into the interplay between lipid lowering, and the pathophysiology in coronary artery disease., (© 2022 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC.)

XY patients with gonadal dysgenesis present with a wide array of clinical pictures that is characterised by a variable incomplete virilisation of the external genital organs (female phenotype, posterior hypospadias, cryptorchidism) and the persistence of the internal müllerian duct structures. The birth of a child with this type of abnormality is a social phenomenon, which will probably have a physical and psychical impact. The choice of the sex depends on the organic anatomy, diagnosis age, risk of gonadal tumors and the development possibilities (mainly at puberty) of the child. The registration of the civil status can be made only after determining the sex through the aforementioned anatomical and functional study. Once this process is finished, the treatment must be considered. We report our experience, particularly complicated in the choice of the sex of child, with an XY karyotype and partial gonadal dysgenesis. Raised as a girl until her seventh day when her parents noticed the existence of a genital bud and decided to register their child as a boy in the civil status. He was referred to our hospital, at the age of 16 months, in order to explore a bilateral cryptorchidism and posterior hypospadias. Our patient was declared to be a boy based on an unanimous opinion of a multidisciplinary team., (Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)