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Objective: During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in addition to the current measures, the healthy immune system plays an essential role and various natural agents have been recommended to boost innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the potential immunomodulatory activity and drinking olive leaf tea (OLT) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: The study was conducted among the workers in a tractor factory where OLT was served in routine. Drinking at least one cup of OLT per day for a minimum of 1 month was the inclusion criteria used in the study. The workers who had a history of vaccination and COVID-19 were excluded from the study, and lymphocyte subsets, interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-γ, COVID-19-specific IgM and IgG levels were analyzed in all the participants to determine the asymptomatic individuals among the participants and compare the immunological parameters. Results: The study was conducted among 336 workers, 183 of them were OLT drinkers and 153 were OLT nondrinkers. The results showed higher values of CD3−/CD16/56 (natural killer [NK]) cells, CD3+/CD16/56 (natural killer T [NKT]) cells, total NK (NK+NKT) cells, and serum IFN-γ, and IL-2 levels in OLT drinkers compared to the nondrinkers. Although all the OLT drinkers and nondrinkers included in the study reported no history of COVID-19, specific COVID-19 IgG levels were found positive in 60% of OLT drinkers and 38% OLT nondrinkers. Conclusions: Peripheral NK and NKT cell values and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion levels were found higher in the OLT drinking group. There were positive correlations between the OLT drinking frequency and NK cell counts. Moreover, the number of individuals who had "asymptomatic" COVID-19 infection was higher in the OLT drinking group than in the nondrinking cohort. Clinical Trial Registration Number: The trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (CTR NCT05222347). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction, efficacy and safety of the pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) technique applied to the suprascapular nerve for the treatment of refractory shoulder pain. Methods: After obtaining Institutional Research Board approval and patients' written informed consent, patients with chronic shoulder pain resistant to medical treatment were included in prospective study and PRF technique was applied to the suprascapular nerve for 480 seconds. Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) at 0, 3, and 6 months post procedure and Modified MacNab score before and 6 months after procedure are performed. Fifty percent or more decrease in VNRS and Modified MacNab score as Excellent and Good are accepted as a significant pain relief, 20 to 49% decrease is accepted as partial. Any complication related to procedure was also recorded. Results: Fifty-seven patients were included in the study. PRF treatment significantly relieved at the pain in 73.7% patients [42 patients out of 57]. Ten patients [17.5%] showed partial improvement and there were no changes at the pain scores in 5 patients [8.7%]. Forty-five patients [78.9%] showed improvement in VNRS scores as well as in Modified MacNab scores at 6 months after treatment. No side effects were reported. Pain scores were given as mean ± SD. Also, The Kaplan-Meier analysis was done for patients' shoulder pain after treatment with pulsed radiofrequency. Conclusion: Pulsed radiofrequency technique application to the suprascapular nerve for 480 seconds shows remarkable improvement at patients' chronic shoulder pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction, efficacy and safety of the pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) technique applied to the suprascapular nerve for the treatment of refractory shoulder pain. Methods: After obtaining Institutional Research Board approval and patients' written informed consent, patients with chronic shoulder pain resistant to medical treatment were included in prospective study and PRF technique was applied to the suprascapular nerve for 480 seconds. Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) at 0, 3, and 6 months post procedure and Modified MacNab score before and 6 months after procedure are performed. Fifty percent or more decrease in VNRS and Modified MacNab score as Excellent and Good are accepted as a significant pain relief, 20 to 49% decrease is accepted as partial. Any complication related to procedure was also recorded. Results: Fifty-seven patients were included in the study. PRF treatment significantly relieved at the pain in 73.7% patients [42 patients out of 57]. Ten patients [17.5%] showed partial improvement and there were no changes at the pain scores in 5 patients [8.7%]. Forty-five patients [78.9%] showed improvement in VNRS scores as well as in Modified MacNab scores at 6 months after treatment. No side effects were reported. Pain scores were given as mean ± SD. Also, The Kaplan-Meier analysis was done for patients' shoulder pain after treatment with pulsed radiofrequency. Conclusion: Pulsed radiofrequency technique application to the suprascapular nerve for 480 seconds shows remarkable improvement at patients' chronic shoulder pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]