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1. Bacteria asociada a huevos de zoonematodo como agente potencial para el biocontrol de Meloidogyne spp. en tomate

Author

Ileana Sánchez Ortiz, Rolando Morán Valdivia, Irene Alvarez Lugo, Idania Wong Padilla, Danalay Somontes Sánchez, Eulogio Pimentel Vázquez, Jesús Mena Campos, and Marcia Rojas Badía

Subjects
Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la bacteria CIGBTb aislada de huevos de Tricostrongylus respecto a sus propiedades biocontroladoras de nematodos y sus posibles mecanismos de acción mediante ensayos en maceta, ensayos in vitro y la detección de sus atributos patogénicos. Métodos: Se caracterizó la cepa por métodos moleculares y convencionales. La efectividad contra nematodos y el efecto sobre el crecimiento vegetal se evaluaron en macetas con Solanum lycopersicum plants var UC-8213. A los 40 días se determinó el índice de infestación, el número de agallas, la longitud y la masa de las ramas y las raíces y el número de huevos por masa. Se evalúo el efecto sobre la eclosión de huevos de Haemonchus y Meloidogyne spp. in vitro. Se empleó ANOVA y prueba de Duncan para comparar los datos. Resultados: Sphingobacterium CIGBTb inhibió la eclosión de los huevos de Haemonchus spp. en un 100 % y de Meloidogyne spp en un 87 %. También disminuyó significativamente el número de nódulos radiculares en Solanum lycopersicum en un 58 %, el número de huevos por masa en un 53 % y promovió el crecimiento de Solanum lycopersicum en 0,59 veces con respecto al control. No se encontraron informes de otras cepas de este género con actividad nematicida y estimulante del crecimiento vegetal simultáneamente. Conclusiones: CIGBTb podría permitir el control biológico de nematodos al reducir no solo la eclosión de los huevos sino también el número de huevos por masa.

Published
2023

2. In the Name of Poppy: Eradication and Counterinsurgency in Southern Mexico

Author

Irene Alvarez, Pierre Gaussens, and Paul Frissard

Subjects
poppy, eradication, army, guerrilla, counterinsurgency, guerrero, mexico, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, HN1-995
Abstract

This paper seeks to demonstrate that, in Mexico, the policy of eradication of poppy crops has not only been motivated by its official reason, the anti-drug fight, but also been instrumentalized for the militarization of certain regions for counterinsurgent purposes, that is, to deal with guerrilla activity. Of an empirical nature, this demonstration is based on a mixed methodology, both quantitative and qualitative, as well as on two case studies: the municipalities of Atoyac and Ayutla in the southern state of Guerrero. The main finding of the investigation lies in an anomalous concentration of eradication tasks by the army in both municipalities in the late 1990s and early 2000s, despite relatively marginal drug production. This contradiction finds an explanation beyond the poppy, in the emergence there of two new guerrillas, around the massacres of Aguas Blancas (1995) and El Charco (1998), respectively.

Published
2022
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3. A safe and effective vaccine against bovine leukemia virus

Author

Guillermo Suárez Archilla, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Cecilia Camussone, Luis Calvinho, Alejandro Abdala, Irene Alvarez, Marcos Petersen, Lautaro Franco, Gabriel Destefano, Gustavo Monti, Jean-Rock Jacques, Thomas Joris, Luc Willems, and Karina Trono

Subjects
BLV, vaccine, attenuated strain, retrovirus, HTLV, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Previous attempts to develop a vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) have not been successful because of inadequate or short-lived stimulation of all immunity components. In this study, we designed an approach based on an attenuated BLV provirus by deleting genes dispensable for infectivity but required for efficient replication. The ability of the vaccine to protect from natural BLV infection was investigated in the context of dairy productive conditions in an endemic region. The attenuated vaccine was tested in a farm in which the prevalence rose from 16.7% in young cattle at the beginning of the study to more than 90% in adult individuals. Sterilizing immunity was obtained in 28 out of 29 vaccinated heifers over a period of 48 months, demonstrating the effectiveness of the vaccine. As indicated by the antiviral antibody titers, the humoral response was slightly reduced compared to wild-type infection. After initial post-vaccination bursts, the proviral loads of the attenuated vaccine remained most frequently undetectable. During the first dairy cycle, proviral DNA was not detected by nested-PCR in milk samples from vaccinated cows. During the second dairy cycle, provirus was sporadically detected in milk of two vaccinated cows. Forty-two calves born from vaccinated cows were negative for proviral DNA but had antiviral antibodies in their peripheral blood. The attenuated strain was not transmitted to sentinels, further supporting the safety of the vaccine. Altogether, these data thus demonstrate that the vaccine against BLV is safe and effective in herd conditions characterized by a very high incidence. This cost-effective approach will thus decrease the prevalence of BLV without modification of production practices. After facing a series of challenges pertaining to effectiveness and biosafety, the vaccine is now available for further large-scale delivery. The different challenges and hurdles that were bypassed may be informative for the development of a vaccine against HTLV-1.

Published
2022
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4. Sterol Metabolism Differentially Contributes to Maintenance and Exit of Quiescence

Author

Carlotta Peselj, Mahsa Ebrahimi, Filomena Broeskamp, Simon Prokisch, Lukas Habernig, Irene Alvarez-Guerra, Verena Kohler, F.-Nora Vögtle, and Sabrina Büttner

Subjects
lipid droplets, membrane contact sites, NVJ, yeast, quiescence, lipophagy, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Nutrient starvation initiates cell cycle exit and entry into quiescence, a reversible, non-proliferative state characterized by stress tolerance, longevity and large-scale remodeling of subcellular structures. Depending on the nature of the depleted nutrient, yeast cells are assumed to enter heterogeneous quiescent states with unique but mostly unexplored characteristics. Here, we show that storage and consumption of neutral lipids in lipid droplets (LDs) differentially impacts the regulation of quiescence driven by glucose or phosphate starvation. Upon prolonged glucose exhaustion, LDs were degraded in the vacuole via Atg1-dependent lipophagy. In contrast, yeast cells entering quiescence due to phosphate exhaustion massively over-accumulated LDs that clustered at the vacuolar surface but were not engulfed via lipophagy. Excessive LD biogenesis required contact formation between the endoplasmic reticulum and the vacuole at nucleus-vacuole junctions and was accompanied by a shift of the cellular lipid profile from membrane towards storage lipids, driven by a transcriptional upregulation of enzymes generating neutral lipids, in particular sterol esters. Importantly, sterol ester biogenesis was critical for long-term survival of phosphate-exhausted cells and supported rapid quiescence exit upon nutrient replenishment, but was dispensable for survival and regrowth of glucose-exhausted cells. Instead, these cells relied on de novo synthesis of sterols and fatty acids for quiescence exit and regrowth. Phosphate-exhausted cells efficiently mobilized storage lipids to support several rounds of cell division even in presence of inhibitors of fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis. In sum, our results show that neutral lipid biosynthesis and mobilization to support quiescence maintenance and exit is tailored to the respective nutrient scarcity.

Published
2022
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5. Bacteria asociada a huevos de zoonematodo como agente potencial para el biocontrol de Meloidogyne spp. en tomate

Author

Ileana Sánchez Ortiz, Rolando Morán Valdivia, Irene Alvarez Lugo, Idania Wong Padilla, Danalay Somontes Sánchez, Eulogio Pimentel Vázquez, Jesús Mena Campos, and Marcia Rojas Badía

Subjects
control biológico, solanum lycopersicum, nematoda, sphingobacterium, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la bacteria CIGBTb aislada de huevos de Tricostrongylus respecto a sus propiedades biocontroladoras de nematodos y sus posibles mecanismos de acción mediante ensayos en maceta, ensayos in vitro y la detección de sus atributos patogénicos. Métodos: Se caracterizó la cepa por métodos moleculares y convencionales. La efectividad contra nematodos y el efecto sobre el crecimiento vegetal se evaluaron en macetas con Solanum lycopersicum plants var UC-8213. A los 40 días se determinó el índice de infestación, el número de agallas, la longitud y la masa de las ramas y las raíces y el número de huevos por masa. Se evalúo el efecto sobre la eclosión de huevos de Haemonchus y Meloidogyne spp. in vitro. Se empleó ANOVA y prueba de Duncan para comparar los datos. Resultados: Sphingobacterium CIGBTb inhibió la eclosión de los huevos de Haemonchus spp. en un 100 % y de Meloidogyne spp en un 87 %. También disminuyó significativamente el número de nódulos radiculares en Solanum lycopersicum en un 58 %, el número de huevos por masa en un 53 % y promovió el crecimiento de Solanum lycopersicum en 0,59 veces con respecto al control. No se encontraron informes de otras cepas de este género con actividad nematicida y estimulante del crecimiento vegetal simultáneamente. Conclusiones: CIGBTb podría permitir el control biológico de nematodos al reducir no solo la eclosión de los huevos sino también el número de huevos por masa.

Published
2020
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6. BLV: lessons on vaccine development

Author

Alejandro Abdala, Irene Alvarez, Hélène Brossel, Luis Calvinho, Hugo Carignano, Lautaro Franco, Hélène Gazon, Christelle Gillissen, Malik Hamaidia, Clotilde Hoyos, Jean-Rock Jacques, Thomas Joris, Florent Laval, Marcos Petersen, Florent Porquet, Natalia Porta, Vanesa Ruiz, Roghaiyeh Safari, Guillermo Suárez Archilla, Karina Trono, and Luc Willems

Subjects
BLV, Vaccine, HTLV, Leukemia, Retrovirus, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Vaccination against retroviruses is a challenge because of their ability to stably integrate into the host genome, undergo long-term latency in a proportion of infected cells and thereby escape immune response. Since clearance of the virus is almost impossible once infection is established, the primary goal is to achieve sterilizing immunity. Besides efficacy, safety is the major issue since vaccination has been associated with increased infection or reversion to pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the different issues that we faced during the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV). We summarize the historical failures of inactivated vaccines, the efficacy and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine and the economical constraints of further industrial development.

Published
2019
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7. Application of Natural and Traditional Medicine in four polyclinics in Pinar del Río

Author

Irene Alvarez Alonzo, Maria de la Caridad Casanova Moreno, Raúl Daniel Lagar Martínez, Margarita Gonzalez Tapia, and Luis Vivas Bombino

Subjects
terapéutica, atención primaria de salud, medicina tradicional, fitoterapia, medicina china tradicional., Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: Natural and Traditional Medicine allows professionals to broaden the scientific scope in an integrative way, showing their performance in the health areas of Pinar del Río. Objective: to identify the elements that limits the practice of therapeutic modalities of Natural and Traditional Medicine at primary health care in Pinar del Río municipality. Methods: a descriptive observational study was conducted between May 2016 and July 2017 in the four polyclinics of the municipality of Pinar del Río. The study target group included the doctors and professors of the Basic Work Team (U=1 006). The collection of sample was conducted through cases by authority criteria, and within these by simple random cases, sample (n=234). Results: Comprehensive Medicine Specialists with more than five years of experience predominated, 30.3 % do not applied Natural and Traditional Medicine, 67.9 % considered it useful, 58.8% recognized its effectiveness, phytotherapy prevailed (69.6 %). Conclusion: the application of Natural and Traditional Medicine still demands a priority by the professionals in the primary health care as an alternative to its application, a not minor part expresses not to make use of it, everything indicates that it is an element not to be left to the spontaneity taking care of the scientific and ethical aspects of its necessary prescription as therapeutic modalities.

Published
2019

8. Information architecture for the management processes in the Coordination Center for Medical Emergencies

Author

Dahily González García, Irene Alvarez Alonso, Joaquin Hilario Pérez Labrador, Jorge Luis Mena García, and María del Carmen Telleria Prieto

Subjects
PROGRAMAS INFORMÁTICOS, CENTRO DE OPERACIONES DE EMERGENCIA, URGENCIAS MÉDICAS, OPERADOR DE EMERGENCIAS MÉDICAS., Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: Information Systems play a role of priority as a tool to support the accomplishment of planning, organization, execution and control processes. The appropriate accessibility of effective information and its management to make decisions relevant to each involved activity in the process; using this tool it is possible to achieve levels of efficiency and productivity according to the demands of the community. Objective: to develop the information architecture of the health information management processes in the Coordination Center for Medical Emergencies in Pinar del Rio for the organization of information and medical decision making. Method: a technological development research was carried out that responds to the study in the Coordination Center for Medical Emergencies in Pinar del Rio. Results: the information architecture for the reception of the management of demands processes was obtained in the coordinating center, with the analysis of the production under examination and the design of the system, providing the programmer with a prototype of interface of users very useful to develop the software for the management of information, enabling the organization and centralization of the corresponding information in a database. Conclusions: the basis was created for the computerization of the process of management for the reception of demands in the Coordination Center for Medical Emergencies. The system will allow the collection, analysis and interpretation of information to detect, disseminate and timely act on the morbidity of the demands of emergencies, providing statistics to draw strategies, and calculate indicators.

Published
2018

9. Genome-wide scan for commons SNPs affecting bovine leukemia virus infection level in dairy cattle

Author

Hugo A. Carignano, Dana L. Roldan, María J. Beribe, María A. Raschia, Ariel Amadio, Juan P. Nani, Gerónimo Gutierrez, Irene Alvarez, Karina Trono, Mario A. Poli, and Marcos M. Miretti

Subjects
Bovine leukemia virus, Level of infection, Whole genome association study, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is omnipresent in dairy herds causing direct economic losses due to trade restrictions and lymphosarcoma-related deaths. Milk production drops and increase in the culling rate are also relevant and usually neglected. The BLV provirus persists throughout a lifetime and an inter-individual variation is observed in the level of infection (LI) in vivo. High LI is strongly correlated with disease progression and BLV transmission among herd mates. In a context of high prevalence, classical control strategies are economically prohibitive. Alternatively, host genomics studies aiming to dissect loci associated with LI are potentially useful tools for genetic selection programs tending to abrogate the viral spreading. The LI was measured through the proviral load (PVL) set–point and white blood cells (WBC) counts. The goals of this work were to gain insight into the contribution of SNPs (bovine 50KSNP panel) on LI variability and to identify genomics regions underlying this trait. Results We quantified anti–p24 response and total leukocytes count in peripheral blood from 1800 cows and used these to select 800 individuals with extreme phenotypes in WBCs and PVL. Two case-control genomic association studies using linear mixed models (LMMs) considering population stratification were performed. The proportion of the variance captured by all QC-passed SNPs represented 0.63 (SE ± 0.14) of the phenotypic variance for PVL and 0.56 (SE ± 0.15) for WBCs. Overall, significant associations (Bonferroni’s corrected -log10p > 5.94) were shared for both phenotypes by 24 SNPs within the Bovine MHC. Founder haplotypes were used to measure the linkage disequilibrium (LD) extent (r2 = 0.22 ± 0.27 at inter-SNP distance of 25−50 kb). The SNPs and LD blocks indicated genes potentially associated with LI in infected cows: i.e. relevant immune response related genes (DQA1, DRB3, BOLA-A, LTA, LTB, TNF, IER3, GRP111, CRISP1), several genes involved in cell cytoskeletal reorganization (CD2AP, PKHD1, FLOT1, TUBB5) and modelling of the extracellular matrix (TRAM2, TNXB). Host transcription factors (TFs) were also highlighted (TFAP2D; ABT1, GCM1, PRRC2A). Conclusions Data obtained represent a step forward to understand the biology of BLV–bovine interaction, and provide genetic information potentially applicable to selective breeding programs.

Published
2018
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10. Efectividad de la estrategia de intervención durante la fase intensiva del Aedes aegypti en el municipio Pinar del Río

Author

Laura Margarita González Valdes, Maria Caridad Casanova Moreno, Irene Alvarez Alondo, Ariel Godoy del Llano, and Niurka Rodríguez Hernández

Subjects
Dengue, Aedes Aegypti, Estrategia, Intervención, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

El dengue es la arbovirosis de mayor distribución mundial y el riesgo de contraerla depende de la abundancia de los vectores que se involucran en su transmisión, los principios para su control son la voluntad política del estado, la coordinación intersectorial y la participación comunitaria. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal para evaluar la efectividad de las acciones realizadas durante la fase intensiva en el municipio Pinar del Río en el 2016. El universo de trabajo lo constituyeron las cuatro áreas de salud. La investigación de realizó en dos etapas, una inicial donde se estudió el comportamiento de los indicadores entomológicos. Se diseñaron y se implementaron las acciones contenidas en la estrategia y para la evaluación final se evaluaron de nuevo los mismos indicadores entomológicos. Los niveles de infestación fueron elevados, con similitud entre el índice casa y Breteau, los indicadores del programa no cumplían los parámetros establecidos con elevados índices de casas cerradas y baja exigencia sanitaria, que se modificaron positivamente una vez aplicadas las acciones de la fase intensiva. Se logró una disminución de los niveles de infestación y un comportamiento positivo de los principales indicadores del programa, a punto de partida de la aplicación de acciones integradas, intersectoriales y con la participación de la comunidad, además de un reforzamiento de las acciones de control y de la exigencia sanitaria a la comunidad. La estrategia de intervención aplicada durante la fase intensiva del Aedes en el municipio Pinar del Río durante el año 2016, demostró ser efectiva.

Published
2016

11. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures

Author

Vanesa Ruiz, Natalia Gabriela Porta, Marina Lomónaco, Karina Trono, and Irene Alvarez

Subjects
bovine leukemia virus, neonatal calves, colostrum, milk, dairy farms, proviral load, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.

Published
2018
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12. The efficacy of ELISA commercial kits for the screening of equine infectious anemia virus infection

Author

Irene Alvarez, Fabiana Cipolini, Andrés Wigdorovitz, Karina Trono, and Maria E Barrandeguy

Subjects
Elisa, Equine infectious anemia, Diagnosis, Elisa. Virus de la anemia infecciosa equina. Diagnóstico, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The most used and reliable indicator of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infection is the detection of its specific antibodies in horse serum. In the present study, the performance of two commercial ELISA tests for the detection of EIAV antibodies as well as the potential advantages of their use as an EIAV infection screening tool were evaluated in 302 horse serum samples. Both ELISA assays showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity, and 92.3-94.3% diagnostic specificity. Discordant results were analyzed by immunoblot. The results showed that both ELISA tests are very efficient at detecting EIAV infected animals, allowing to identify a higher number of positive horse cases. Thus, ELISA assays can be useful tools in EIA control and eradication.

Published
2015
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13. Vaccination against δ-Retroviruses: The Bovine Leukemia Virus Paradigm

Author

Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Sabrina M. Rodríguez, Alix de Brogniez, Nicolas Gillet, Ramarao Golime, Arsène Burny, Juan-Pablo Jaworski, Irene Alvarez, Lucas Vagnoni, Karina Trono, and Luc Willems

Subjects
BLV, neutralizing antibody, vaccine, mimotope, HTLV-1, attenuated virus, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are closely related d-retroviruses that induce hematological diseases. HTLV-1 infects about 15 million people worldwide, mainly in subtropical areas. HTLV-1 induces a wide spectrum of diseases (e.g., HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) and leukemia/lymphoma (adult T-cell leukemia). Bovine leukemia virus is a major pathogen of cattle, causing important economic losses due to a reduction in production, export limitations and lymphoma-associated death. In the absence of satisfactory treatment for these diseases and besides the prevention of transmission, the best option to reduce the prevalence of d-retroviruses is vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the different vaccination strategies in the BLV model and outline key parameters required for vaccine efficacy.

Published
2014
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15. Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus RNA in Blood Samples of Naturally Infected Dairy Cattle

Author

Irene Alvarez, Natalia Gabriela Porta, and Karina Trono

Subjects
bovine leukemia virus, RNA detection, viral expression, tax gene, pol gene, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The viral expression in vivo, in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle, is considered to be restricted to extremely low levels, and the mitosis of infected B lymphocytes is regarded as the main mode of virus persistence within the infected host. In this study, the presence of BLV RNA in whole blood from seven asymptomatic cows naturally infected with BLV during one year, including a complete milking cycle and two delivery time points, was investigated by nested-PCR using the oligonucleotides complementary to the tax and pol gene. BLV RNA was detected in four cows at different time points, especially in high blood proviral load cows and around delivery time. This study describes for the first time the detection of free BLV RNA in blood from BLV-infected asymptomatic cows. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of persistent low-level expression of the tax and pol genes that could be a result of viral reactivation, within the asymptomatic period. This finding may be important in the pathogenesis of BLV infection, associated with the delivery period.

Published
2019
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16. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Bovine Leukemia Virus: Lessons for HTLV

Author

Lucas Vagnoni, Fanny Boulanger, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Karina Trono, Irene Alvarez, Mathieu Boxus, María Teresa Sánchez-Alcaraz, Nicolas Gillet, Alix De Brogniez, Arnaud Florins, Sabrina M. Rodríguez, and Luc Willems

Subjects
BLV, therapeutics, vaccines, epigenetic, eradication, control, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). BLV is a major animal health problem worldwide causing important economic losses. A series of attempts were developed to reduce prevalence, chiefly by eradication of infected cattle, segregation of BLV-free animals and vaccination. Although having been instrumental in regions such as the EU, these strategies were unsuccessful elsewhere mainly due to economic costs, management restrictions and lack of an efficient vaccine. This review, which summarizes the different attempts previously developed to decrease seroprevalence of BLV, may be informative for management of HTLV-1 infection. We also propose a new approach based on competitive infection with virus deletants aiming at reducing proviral loads.

Published
2011
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17. Massive depletion of bovine leukemia virus proviral clones located in genomic transcriptionally active sites during primary infection.

Author

Nicolas A Gillet, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Sabrina M Rodriguez, Alix de Brogniez, Nathalie Renotte, Irene Alvarez, Karina Trono, and Luc Willems

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Deltaretroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) induce a persistent infection that remains generally asymptomatic but can also lead to leukemia or lymphoma. These viruses replicate by infecting new lymphocytes (i.e. the infectious cycle) or via clonal expansion of the infected cells (mitotic cycle). The relative importance of these two cycles in viral replication varies during infection. The majority of infected clones are created early before the onset of an efficient immune response. Later on, the main replication route is mitotic expansion of pre-existing infected clones. Due to the paucity of available samples and for ethical reasons, only scarce data is available on early infection by HTLV-1. Therefore, we addressed this question in a comparative BLV model. We used high-throughput sequencing to map and quantify the insertion sites of the provirus in order to monitor the clonality of the BLV-infected cells population (i.e. the number of distinct clones and abundance of each clone). We found that BLV propagation shifts from cell neoinfection to clonal proliferation in about 2 months from inoculation. Initially, BLV proviral integration significantly favors transcribed regions of the genome. Negative selection then eliminates 97% of the clones detected at seroconversion and disfavors BLV-infected cells carrying a provirus located close to a promoter or a gene. Nevertheless, among the surviving proviruses, clone abundance positively correlates with proximity of the provirus to a transcribed region. Two opposite forces thus operate during primary infection and dictate the fate of long term clonal composition: (1) initial integration inside genes or promoters and (2) host negative selection disfavoring proviruses located next to transcribed regions. The result of this initial response will contribute to the proviral load set point value as clonal abundance will benefit from carrying a provirus in transcribed regions.

Published
2013
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18. PROFUGO study protocol: Predictive model for the early diagnosis of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy and gastrectomy

Author

Torrado, Cristina Alegre, Morote, Silvia Carbonell, Lara, Carlos Díaz, Cabrera, Jennifer Triguero, Savall’s, Elisenda Garsot, Díaz, Jean Carlos Trujillo, Mozos, Fernando Lopez, López, Rocío González, Riveiro, Monica Rey, Villahoz, Elizabeth Redondo, Álvarez, Laura Jimenez, Irañeta, Marta de Vega, Fabregat, Adrian Herrero, Fernández, Claudia Mulas, Acosta Mérida, María Asunción, Elvira, Elena Fernández, Lavilla, María del Campo, Manchado, Felipe Parreño, Moya, Cristina Sancho, Carrillo, Rodolfo Rodriguez, Bataller, Amparo Roig, Navarro, Erick Montilla, Nebreda, María García, Mirón, Teresa Carrascosa, Pardo, Rafael López, Bernal Moreno, Diego Antonio, Rosés, Helena Salvador, Trujillo, Ander Bengoechea, Abad, Irene Álvarez, Lerma, Maria Tudela, Romero, Luis Munuera, Boza, Ana Senent, Barrio, Sandra del, Romera Martínez, Jose Luis, Gómez, Loles Periañez, Campos, Cristina Marín, Rojo, Sergio Rodríguez, Larrañaga, Carla Bettonica, Pose, Sol Bagnaschino, Cabañas, Gabriel Salcedo, González, Ramón Castañera, Martín, Vanessa Concepción, Bianchi, Alessandro, García, Dulce Momblán, Pérez Quintero, Rocío, Bruna Esteban, Marcos, and Serrano López, Antonio José

Published
2024
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21. Modulation of Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease Plasma Neuronal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Cerebrolysin® and Donepezil

Author

X Anton, Alvarez, Charisse N, Winston, James W, Barlow, Floyd M, Sarsoza, Irene, Alvarez, Manuel, Aleixandre, Carlos, Linares, Manuel, García-Fantini, Birgit, Kastberger, Stefan, Winter, and Robert A, Rissman

Subjects
Plasma neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cerebrolysin®, General Neuroscience, A beta(42), tau Proteins, General Medicine, Peptide Fragments, Extracellular Vesicles, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Donepezil, Neurogranin, Cognitive Dysfunction, Alzheimer disease, Combination therapy, Tau, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background: Plasma neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEV) contain proteins of pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic relevance. Objective: We investigated the associations of six plasma NDEV markers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity, cognition and functioning, and changes in these biomarkers after Cerebrolysin (R), donepezil, and a combination therapy in AD. Methods: Plasma NDEV levels of A beta(42), total tau, P-T181-tau, P-S393-tau, neurogranin, and REST were determined in: 1) 116 mild to advanced AD patients and in 20 control subjects; 2) 110 AD patients treated with Cerebrolysin (R), donepezil, or combination therapy in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Samples for NDEV determinations were obtained at baseline in the NDEV study and at baseline and study endpoint in the RCT. Cognition and functioning were assessed at the same time points. Results: NDEV levels of A beta(42), total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S393-tau were higher and those of neurogranin and REST were lower in mild-to-moderate AD than in controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV total tau, neurogranin, and REST increased with AD severity (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV A beta 42 and P-T181-tau correlated negatively with serum BDNF (p < 0.05), and total-tau levels were associated to plasma TNF-alpha (p < 0.01) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). Combination therapy reduced NDEV A beta(42) with respect to monotherapies ( p < 0.05); and NDEV total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were decreased in Cerebrolysin-treated patients compared to those on donepezil monotherapy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present results demonstrate the utility of NDEV determinations of pathologic and synaptic proteins as effective AD biomarkers, as markers of AD severity, and as potential tools for monitoring the effects of anti-AD drugs., United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) AG058252 AG073979 AG051848 AG057437 AG010483 AG062429, Ever Neuro Pharma GmbH (Unterach, Austria) research grant

Published
2022

22. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for quantification of the proviral load of bovine leukemia virus

Author

María L. De Brun, Bruno Cosme, Marcos Petersen, Irene Alvarez, Aurea Folgueras-Flatschart, Roberto Flatschart, Carlos Javier Panei, and Rodrigo Puentes

Subjects
Sheep, Proviruses, General Veterinary, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Animals, Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases, Cattle, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Full Scientific Reports, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a highly sensitive tool developed for the detection and quantification of short-sequence variants—a tool that offers unparalleled precision enabling measurement of smaller-fold changes. We describe here the use of ddPCR for the detection of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) DNA provirus. Serum samples and whole blood from experimentally infected sheep and naturally infected cattle were analyzed through ddPCR to detect the BLV gp51 gene, and then compared with serologic and molecular tests. The ddPCR assay was significantly more accurate and sensitive than AGID, ELISA, nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. The limit of detection of ddPCR was 3.3 copies/µL, detecting positive experimentally infected sheep beginning at 6 d post-infection. The ddPCR methodology offers a promising tool for evaluating the BLV proviral load, particularly for the detection of low viral loads.

Published
2022

26. IMPLICATIONS OF THE AGE IN SURGICAL TREATMENT RESULTS AND PROGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER

Author

Sarriugarte, Aingeru, primary, Escaño, Elena Aranda, additional, Valero, Arkaitz Perfecto, additional, Hermosilla, Clara Serrano, additional, Fernandez, Silvia Perez, additional, Ibabe, Villalabeitia Ateca, additional, Grijalba, Oihane Gutierrez, additional, Esteban, Iratxe Rodeño, additional, Porcel, Patricia Mifsut, additional, and Abad, Irene Alvarez, additional

Published
2022
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27. Update of the 5 MW Beam-on-Target Requirements for improvement of the materials irradiation performance at IFMIF-DONES

Author

Iván Podadera, Philippe Cara, Irene Álvarez-Castro, Marta Anguiano, Frederik Arbeiter, Santiago Becerril, Davide Bernardi, Jesús Castellanos, Nicolas Chauvin, Tamás Dézsi, Javier Díaz, Almudena Díez, Mario García, Sergej Gordeev, Rebeca Hernández, María Luque, Llorenç Macià, Jorge Maestre, Fernando Mota, Francesco Saverio Nitti, Concepción Oliver, Jin-Hun Park, Dragan Poljak, Cayetano Prieto, Yuefeng Qiu, Daniel Sánchez-Herranz, Manel Sanmartí, Arkady Serikov, Marta Serrano, Tonci Tadic, Marta Ternero, Claudio Torregrosa-Martin, and Ángel Ibarra

Subjects
Particle accelerator, Fusion materials, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

IFMIF-DONES is a facility under construction in Granada, whose main goal is the validation and characterization of materials under a fusion prototypic irradiation field. This field is created by the interaction of a high energy intense continuous deuteron beam and a flowing liquid lithium target. The requirements imposed on the beam at the interaction point are a complex trade-off among the scientific experimental needs for the materials irradiation defined at the top-level requirements (20 dpa in a volume of 0.3 dm3 and 50 dpa in 0.1 dm3), and the technical constraints of several systems such as the Accelerator Systems, the Lithium Systems, and the Test Systems. Recent simulations with the initial definition of beam-on-target requirements showed the necessity of redefining them in order to fulfill the irradiation needs. This contribution will address the main challenges to gather the inputs for the definition and reassessment of the beam-on-target requirements. A comparison detailing the main changes compared to the previous ones will be given, together with a short overview of the studies ongoing by different systems to analyze the impact of each beam-on-target requirements on the performance of the whole facility.

Published
2024
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28. Serum VEGF Predicts Clinical Improvement Induced by Cerebrolysin Plus Donepezil in Patients With Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Manuel Aleixandre, Stefan Winter, Herbert Moessler, Jesus Figueroa, X. Anton Alvarez, Antia Martinez, Irene Alvarez, Concha Benito, Dafin F. Muresanu, Iria Romero, Irene Suarez, Silvia Mourente, Manuel Fantini, and Carlos Linares

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, AcademicSubjects/MED00415, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Disease, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, combined therapy, Pharmacotherapy, Randomized controlled trial, Alzheimer Disease, law, Internal medicine, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Amino Acids, Cognitive decline, Donepezil, Nootropic Agents, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Pharmacology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01870, business.industry, Cerebrolysin, donepezil, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Editor's Choice, Psychiatry and Mental health, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, chemistry, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Rapid Communication, medicine.drug
Abstract

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) severity and may prevent cognitive decline. However, information on the influence of AD drug therapy on circulating VEGF is limited. This study assessed changes in serum VEGF levels and its association with clinical and functional responses in mild to moderate AD patients who were treated with Cerebrolysin, donepezil, or the combined therapy in a randomized, controlled trial. Treatment with Cerebrolysin plus donepezil reduced elevated serum VEGF levels and improved functioning and cognition significantly compared with donepezil alone in patients with advanced AD, and treatment differences were more pronounced in patients with higher VEGF levels. Our results indicate that the combined therapy reversed the increase of serum VEGF in advanced AD, which was associated with cognitive and functional responses, particularly in patients with high baseline VEGF.

Published
2020

30. Analysis of irradiated Argentinean fetal bovine serum for adventitious agents

Author

Irene Alvarez, Romina Politzki, Maximiliano Jesús Jordán, Lautaro Nahuel Franco, Jorgelina Pérez López, Andrea Pecora, and Vanesa Ruiz

Subjects
Serum, FETAL BOVINE SERUM, 040301 veterinary sciences, viruses, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, PESTIVIRUSES, MYCOPLASMA, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Polymerase Chain Reaction, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 0403 veterinary science, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mycoplasma, medicine, Animals, Full Scientific Reports, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Retrospective Studies, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, Chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Contamination, respiratory system, Culture Media, CONTAMINATION, Viruses, Cattle, sense organs, Fetal bovine serum
Abstract

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in cell culture may be contaminated with adventitious agents, which can affect the production of biologicals and the results of clinical laboratory tests. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence of adventitious agent contamination of Argentinean irradiated FBS dating from 2015 to 2019. We analyzed FBS batches for mycoplasma and adventitious viruses (bovine pestiviruses, bovine adenovirus, bluetongue virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, rabies virus, bovine parvovirus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and reovirus). Cell passages followed by direct immunofluorescence were carried out to check viability of the mentioned adventitious agents. Also, molecular detection of mycoplasma and pestiviruses was performed on the FBS samples. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against pestiviruses was determined. Molecular analyses indicated that frequencies of mycoplasma and pestiviruses in FBS were 14% and 84%, respectively. All of the batches were seronegative for pestiviral antibodies. After cell passages, all FBS samples were negative for hemadsorbent agents and by immunofluorescence for all of the viral species analyzed; PCR assays were negative for mycoplasma and pestiviruses. Our results demonstrate that, of all adventitious agents tested, local FBS batches only had traces of mycoplasma and pestiviruses; gamma irradiation was effective in inactivating them. Fil: Pecora, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Pérez López, Jorgelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Jordán, Maximiliano Jesús. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Franco, Lautaro Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Politzki, Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina

Published
2020

31. Disease problems of smallholder goat flocks in the Calchaquies Valleys (Payogasta, Salta)

Author

Leandro Hipolito Olmos, María Laura Gos, Cristian Arapa, Bibiana Brihuega, Hector Sergio Cortez, Maria Del Carmen Rojas, Graciela Santillán, Gabriela Marcela Martinez, Irene Alvarez, and Victor Humberto Suarez

Subjects
Caprinos, Family Farming, Goats, Smallholders, VALLES CALCHAQUIES, Pequeños Agricultores, ENFERMEDADES CAPRINAS, Enfermedades de los Animales, Animal Diseases, Payogasta, Salta, ENCUESTA, Agricultura Familiar, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

Una encuesta transversal se llevó a cabo en 35 unidades productivas familiares (UPF) del Municipio de Payogasta (Salta) con el objetivo de describir los problemas sanitarios de las majadas. Se recabaron datos del manejo y sanidad de los animales. Se procesaron sueros caprinos para diagnóstico de brucelosis por BPA y FA, de artritis-encefalitis (CAEV) y clamidiosis por ELISA indirecto, toxoplasmosis y neosporosis por IFI, leptospirosis por microaglutinación. En heces caninas se diagnosticó echinococcosis por coproELISA. Se determinaron valores de Cu, Zn, Mg y Ca sérico por espectofotometría de absorción atómica. Se realizó recuento de huevos de helmintos en heces (hpg) y su diferenciación por coprocultivo. En el 80,6% de las UPF se registró la ocurrencia de abortos y en el 73,3% la de ectima contagioso. El 84,8% de las UPF declararon problemas de mastitis y el 42,9% disturbios respiratorios graves en sus cabras. El porcentaje de UPF con seroprevalencia positiva a brucelosis fue de 2,9%, leptospirosis de 20%, clamidiosis de 66,7%, toxoplasmosis de 76,9%, neosporosis de 100% y CAEV de 26,7%. Los promedios de los hpg fueron en junio, julio y octubre de 318, 54 y 46 respectivamente, con Trichostrongylus y Haemonchus como nematodes predominantes. En el 51,4% de las majadas se recuperaron huevos de Fasciola hepatica. El 41,6% de las UPF tuvieron perros positivos a Echinococcus. Los promedios generales de cobre, zinc, magnesio y calcio séricos fueron respectivamente 0,78±0,13 ppm, 0,63±0,23 ppm, 1,96±0,25 mg/d y 12,2±0,9 mg/dl. Estos resultados, además de generar los primeros antecedentes, muestran la importancia de profundizar los estudios para incrementar la producción caprina y el bienestar de las familias productoras. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 35 family farming units (FFU) in the Municipality of Payogasta (Salta), with the aim of describing disease presence in their goat flocks. Data on goat management and health were recorded. Sera were processed to diagnose brucellosis using the BPA and FPA test, to caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) and chlamydiosis by indirect ELISA, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis by IDIF and leptospirosis by microagglutination test. Dog echinococcosis was diagnosed by coproantigen ELISA test. Serum Cu, Zn, Mg and Ca were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fecal samples were taken for eggs counts per gram of feaces (epg) and identifying genera by coproculture. Abortions were recorded in 80.6% of the FFU. Contagious echtyma was detected in 73.3% of the FFU. Mastitis and respiratory disorders were recorded in 84.8% and 42.9% of the FFU respectively. FFU positive seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.9%, leptospirosis 20%, clamidiosis 66.7%, toxoplasmosis 76.9%, neosporosis 100% and CAEV 26.7%. Mean epg were 318, 54 and 46 for June, July and October respectively, with Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus being the prevailing nematodes. Fasciola eggs were observed in 51.4% of the FFU. Positive dogs to Echinococcus were detected in 41.6% of the FFU. Mean serum cooper, zinc, magnesium and calcium per FFU were 0.78±0.13 ppm, 0.63±0.23 ppm, 1.96±0.25 mg/d y 12.2±0.9 mg/dl, respectively. These results show the importance of making studies about the health of flocks in order to increase goat production and smallholder family welfare. Fil: Suarez, Víctor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Martínez, Gabriela M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipolito. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Arapa, Cristian. Municipalidad de Payogasta (salta).; Argentina Fil: Cortez, Héctor Sergio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Rojas, María Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Brihuega, Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Santillán, Graciela. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Gos, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Epizootiología y Salud Pública. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

Published
2020

32. Expression-based analysis of genes related to single nucleotide polymorphism hits associated with bovine leukemia virus proviral load in Argentinean dairy cattle

Author

Irene Alvarez, Hugo Adrián Carignano, G. Suarez Archilla, María Eugenia Caffaro, K. Trono, Marcos Mateo Miretti, and Marcos Iván Petersen

Subjects
Candidate gene, 040301 veterinary sciences, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 0403 veterinary science, Leukocyte Count, Proviruses, Genotype, Genetics, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Leukocytes, Animals, Lymphocyte Count, Gene, Genetic association, Bovine leukemia virus, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Phenotype, biology.protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, Female, Food Science, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

In dairy cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the proviral load (PVL) level is directly related to the viral transmission from infected animals to their healthy herdmates. Two contrasting phenotypic groups can be identified when assessing PVL in peripheral blood of infected cows. A large number of reports point to bovine genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) as one of the key determinants underlying PVL level. However, biological mechanisms driving BLV PVL profiles and infection progression in cattle have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated whether a set of candidate genes affecting BLV PVL level according to whole genome association studies are differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from phenotypically contrasting groups of BLV-infected cows. During a 10-mo-long sampling scheme, 129 Holstein cows were phenotyped measuring anti-BLV antibody levels, PVL quantification, and white blood cell subpopulation counts. Finally, the expression of 8 genes (BOLA-DRB3, PRRC2A, ABT1, TNF, BAG6, BOLA-A, LY6G5B, and IER3) located within the bovine major histocompatibility complex region harboring whole genome association SNP hits was evaluated in 2 phenotypic groups: high PVL (n = 7) and low PVL (n = 8). The log2 initial fluorescence value (N0) transformed mean expression values for the ABT1 transcription factor were statistically different in high- and low-PVL groups, showing a higher expression of the ABT1 gene in low-PVL cows. The PRRC2A and IER3 genes had a significant positive (correlation coefficient = 0.61) and negative (correlation coefficient = -0.45) correlation with the lymphocyte counts, respectively. Additionally, the relationships between gene expression values and lymphocyte counts were modeled using linear regressions. Lymphocyte levels in infected cows were better explained (coefficient of determination = 0.56) when fitted a multiple linear regression model using both PRRC2A and IER3 expression values as independent variables. The present study showed evidence of differential gene expression between contrasting BLV infection phenotypes. These genes have not been previously related to BLV pathobiology. This valuable information represents a step forward in understanding the BLV biology and the immune response of naturally infected cows under a commercial milk production system. Efforts to elucidate biological mechanisms leading to BLV infection progression in cows are valuable for BLV control programs. Further studies integrating genotypic data, global transcriptome analysis, and BLV progression phenotypes are needed to better understand the BLV-host interaction.

Published
2020

33. Efficacy of the spray-drying treatment to inactivate the bovine leukemia virus in bovine colostrum

Author

Natalia Gabriela Porta, Mariana Sowul, Darío Amilcar Malacari, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, K. Trono, Osvaldo Zabal, Marina Lomonaco, and Irene Alvarez

Subjects
Food Handling, viruses, animal diseases, Biology, Antibodies, Viral, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, fluids and secretions, Pregnancy, Genetics, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Infectivity, 0303 health sciences, Bovine leukemia virus, Transmission (medicine), Inoculation, Colostrum, 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Provirus, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Virology, Freeze Drying, Milk, biology.protein, Food Microbiology, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, Female, Antibody, Food Science
Abstract

Previous studies have shown the presence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in colostrum and milk of naturally infected cows. The relationship between virus or provirus and specific antibodies in these secretions is particular to each infected cow and will probably determine whether the consumption of colostrum or milk from these naturally infected dams provides an infective or a protective effect in recipient calves. Our recent findings suggest that this issue is a key point in BLV transmission in very young calves. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the spray-drying treatment of colostrum on BLV infectivity. The treatment was done on scale-down conditions, using fresh colostrum from BLV-negative cows spiked with infective BLV. Residual infectivity was tested in susceptible lambs. Lambs inoculated with colostrum spiked with BLV-infected cells or cell-free BLV showed evidence of infection 60 d after inoculation, whereas none of the lambs inoculated with spray-dried colostrum showed evidence of infection 60 d after inoculation. These results provide direct evidence that the experimental spray-drying process used in this study was effective in inactivating infectious BLV in colostrum. These findings suggest that the risk for BLV transmission could be reduced if milk and colostrum were treated by spray-drying prior to consumption in dairy facilities. The effect of spray-drying on the functional properties and stability of the antibodies present in colostrum under long-term storage should be further investigated.

Published
2019

34. Quantification of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA using a low-cost real-time polymerase chain reaction

Author

Marcos Iván Petersen, Irene Alvarez, K. Trono, and Juan Pablo Jaworski

Subjects
PROVIRAL DNA, 0301 basic medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, viruses, animal diseases, REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, Proviral dna, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Proviruses, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Genetics, TaqMan, Animals, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Bovine leukemia virus, biology, Ciencias Veterinarias, virus diseases, BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Peripheral blood, Highly sensitive, 030104 developmental biology, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, DNA, Viral, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], Food Science
Abstract

The detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA is an important tool to address whether an animal is infected with BLV. Compared with serological assays, real-time PCR accounts for greater sensitivity and can serve as a confirmatory test for the clarification of inconclusive or discordant serological test results. However, the high cost related to real-time PCR assays has limited their systematic inclusion in BLV surveillance and eradication programs. The aim of the present study was to validate a low-cost quantitative real-time PCR. Interestingly, by using SYBR Green detection dye, we were able to reduce the cost of a single reaction by a factor of 5 compared with most common assays based on the use of fluorogenic probes (i.e., TaqMan technology). This approach allowed a highly sensitive and specific detection and quantification of BLV proviral DNA from purified peripheral blood leukocytes and a milk matrix. Due to its simplicity and low cost, our in-house BLV SYBR quantitative real-time PCR might be used either as a screening or as a confirmatory test in BLV control programs. Fil: Petersen Cruceño, Marcos Iván. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Jaworski, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2018

35. The 2017 Arizona Biosecurity Workshop

Author

Phillip Bates, Matthew O’Donnell, Irene Alvarez Mendoza, Zach Jetson, Juan Maldonado, Luis Alberto Ochoa Carrera, Matthew Miraldi, Rebecca L. Moritz, Samira Kiani, Darren Bowens, Catherine Mancini, and David Gillum

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biosecurity, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Library science, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 03 medical and health sciences, Biosafety, 030104 developmental biology, Alliance, Political science, Biotechnology
Abstract

The Arizona Biosafety Alliance, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Arizona State University hosted a workshop in December 2017 to confer and deliberate on interdisciplinary considerations regardi...

Published
2018

36. Severity-Related Increase and Cognitive Correlates of Serum VEGF Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease ApoE4 Carriers

Author

Irene Alvarez, Herbert Moessler, Carlos Linares, Stefan Winter, Manuel Aleixandre, X. Anton Alvarez, and Dafin F. Muresanu

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein E4, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Maze Learning, Pathological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Cognition, General Medicine, Executive functions, Pathophysiology, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Linear Models, Population study, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cognition Disorders, Mental Status Schedule, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angioneurin involved in the regulation of vascular and neural functions relevant for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the influence of AD severity and ApoE4 status on circulating VEGF and its relationship with cognition has not been investigated. We assessed serum VEGF levels and cognitive performance in AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control subjects. VEGF levels were higher in AD patients than in MCI cases and controls (p < 0.05) and showed a progressive increase with clinical severity in the whole study population (p < 0.01). Among AD patients, severity-related VEGF elevations were significant in ApoE4 carriers (p < 0.05), but not in non-carriers. Increased VEGF levels were associated with disease severity and showed mild correlations with cognitive impairment that were only consistent for the ADAS-cog+ items remembering test instructions (memory) and maze task (executive functions) in the group of AD patients (p < 0.05). On the other hand, higher VEGF values were related to better memory and language performance in ApoE4 carriers with moderately-severe AD. According to these results showing severity- and ApoE4-related differences in serum VEGF and its cognitive correlates, it is suggested that increases in VEGF levels might represent an endogenous response driven by pathological factors and could entail cognitive benefits in AD patients, particularly in ApoE4 carriers. Our findings support the notion that VEGF constitutes a relevant molecular target to be further explored in AD pathology and therapy.

Published
2018

37. BOLA-DRB3gene polymorphisms influence bovine leukaemia virus infection levels in Holstein and Holstein × Jersey crossbreed dairy cattle

Author

Marcos Mateo Miretti, María Eugenia Caffaro, Irene Alvarez, María José Beribe, Ariel Fernando Amadio, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo Nani, Karina Trono, Mario Andres Poli, and Hugo Adrián Carignano

Subjects
GENETIC CONTROL, 0301 basic medicine, Otras Biotecnología Agropecuaria, Genotype, Biotecnología Agropecuaria, Breeding, LEVEL OF INFECTION, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Polymorphism (computer science), Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Genetics, Animals, Allele, Allele frequency, Alleles, Dairy cattle, BOLA-DRB3 ALLELES, Polymorphism, Genetic, Bovine leukemia virus, biology, Haplotype, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS, General Medicine, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infections, causing persistent lymphocytosis and lethal lymphosarcoma in cattle, have reached high endemicity on dairy farms. We observed extensive inter-individual variation in the level of infection (LI) by assessing differences in proviral load in peripheral blood. This phenotypic variation appears to be determined by host genetics variants, especially those located in the BoLA-DRB3 MHCII molecule. We performed an association study using sequencing-based typed BOLA-DRB3 alleles from over 800 Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows considering LI in vivo and accounting for filial relationships. The DBR3*0902 allele was associated with a low level of infection (LLI) (

Published
2017

38. Suicide attempts and self-injurious behaviours in adolescent and adult patients with borderline personality disorder

Author

Christina M. Temes, Mary C. Zanarini, Irene Alvarez Tomas, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Marianne Goodman, and Blaise Aguirre

Subjects
050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adult patients, Health Policy, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Suicide attempted, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Psychiatric status rating scales, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Psychology, Psychiatry, Borderline personality disorder, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Objective Prevalence data on self-mutilation and suicide attempts for adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) are currently not available. The purpose of this paper was to determine the frequency and methods of two forms of physically self-destructive acts (i.e. self-mutilation and suicide attempts) reported by adolescent borderline inpatients in one of the largest samples to date and to compare these results with a similarly diagnosed and assessed group of adult borderline inpatients. Methods A total of 104 adolescent inpatients with BPD and 290 adult inpatients with BPD were interviewed about their lifetime history of physically self-destructive acts. Results The overall rates of self-mutilation (about 90%) and suicide attempts (about 75%) were similar during index admission for both adolescent and adult borderline patients. However, adolescents reported significantly higher rates of extreme levels of lifetime self-mutilation (e.g. >25 and >50 episodes) and cutting in particular, as compared with adult BPD. In contrast, borderline adults were significantly more likely to report a history of numerous (five or more) suicide attempts than adolescents with BPD. Conclusions Self-mutilation and suicide attempts among adolescent borderline patients are prevalent and serious. Taken together, these results suggest that extreme levels of self-mutilation distinguish adolescent BPD from adults with BPD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2017

39. Are Biosafety Credentials Beneficial?

Author

Irene Alvarez Mendoza, Catherine Mancini, Jennifer Fletcher, and David Gillum

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 030106 microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Certification, 030501 epidemiology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Credentialing, 03 medical and health sciences, Biosafety, Biological safety, Engineering ethics, Business, 0305 other medical science, Biotechnology
Abstract

This research examines credentialing for the biosafety profession. There are many anecdotes regarding the importance of becoming a Registered Biosafety Professional or a Certified Biological Safety...

Published
2016

40. BLV: lessons on vaccine development

Author

Vanesa Ruiz, Alejandro Ariel Abdala, Malik Hamaidia, Hélène Gazon, Luc Willems, K. Trono, Florent Porquet, Christelle Gillissen, Hugo Adrián Carignano, Guillermo Alejandro Suarez Archilla, Irene Alvarez, Thomas Joris, Marcos Iván Petersen, Hélène Brossel, Rogaiyeh Safari, Lautaro Nahuel Franco, Jean-Rock Jacques, Luis Fernando Calvinho, Natalia Gabriela Porta, Florent Laval, and Clotilde Hoyos

Subjects
VACCINE, Review, Antibodies, Viral, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 0403 veterinary science, Retrovirus, Virus Leucemia Bovina, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, 0303 health sciences, Vaccines, Leukemia, biology, Bovine leukemia virus, Vacuna, Vaccination, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, RETROVIRUS, Infectious Diseases, Antibody, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 040301 veterinary sciences, BLV, Vaccines, Attenuated, Virus, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Immunity, Virology, medicine, Animals, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Vacunación, Viral Vaccines, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, HTLV, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Retroviridae, biology.protein, Bovine Leukaemia Virus, Cattle, lcsh:RC581-607, Vaccine, LEUKEMIA, Virología
Abstract

Vaccination against retroviruses is a challenge because of their ability to stably integrate into the host genome, undergo long-term latency in a proportion of infected cells and thereby escape immune response. Since clearance of the virus is almost impossible once infection is established, the primary goal is to achieve sterilizing immunity. Besides efficacy, safety is the major issue since vaccination has been associated with increased infection or reversion to pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the different issues that we faced during the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV). We summarize the historical failures of inactivated vaccines, the efficacy and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine and the economical constraints of further industrial development. Fil: Abdala, Alejandro Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Brossel, Hélène. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Calvinho, Luis Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Carignano, Hugo Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Franco, Lautaro Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Gazon, Hélène. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Gillissen, Christelle. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Hamaidia, Malik. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Hoyos, Clotilde. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Jacques, Jean Rock. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Joris, Thomas. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Laval, Florent. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Petersen Cruceño, Marcos Iván. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Porquet, Florent. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Porta, Natalia Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Safari, Roghaiyeh. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Suárez Archilla, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Willems, Luc. Université de Liège; Bélgica

Published
2019

41. Correction: Alvarez, I., et al. Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus RNA in Blood Samples of Naturally Infected Dairy Cattle. Vet. Sci. 2019, 6, 66

Author

Karina Trono, Natalia Gabriela Porta, and Irene Alvarez

Subjects
Bovine leukemia virus RNA, n/a, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, General Veterinary, Correction, lcsh:SF600-1100, Biology, Virology, Dairy cattle
Abstract

The viral expression in vivo, in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle, is considered to be restricted to extremely low levels, and the mitosis of infected B lymphocytes is regarded as the main mode of virus persistence within the infected host. In this study, the presence of BLV RNA in whole blood from seven asymptomatic cows naturally infected with BLV during one year, including a complete milking cycle and two delivery time points, was investigated by nested-PCR using the oligonucleotides complementary to the tax and pol gene. BLV RNA was detected in four cows at different time points, especially in high blood proviral load cows and around delivery time. This study describes for the first time the detection of free BLV RNA in blood from BLV-infected asymptomatic cows. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of persistent low-level expression of the tax and pol genes that could be a result of viral reactivation, within the asymptomatic period. This finding may be important in the pathogenesis of BLV infection, associated with the delivery period.

Published
2019

42. Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus RNA in Blood Samples of Naturally Infected Dairy Cattle

Author

Natalia Gabriela Porta, Karina Trono, and Irene Alvarez

Subjects
POL GENE, 040301 veterinary sciences, TAX GENE, animal diseases, viruses, Blood Sampling, viral expression, Biology, Asymptomatic, Article, 0403 veterinary science, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Virus Leucemia Bovina, pol gene, Dairy Cattle, medicine, RNA Viruses, bovine leukemia virus, RNA detection, tax gene, Dairy cattle, 030304 developmental biology, Whole blood, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, General Veterinary, Bovine leukemia virus, Oligonucleotide, Ciencias Veterinarias, VIRAL EXPRESSION, RNA, virus diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Muestreo Sanguíneo, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Ganado de Leche, RNA DETECTION, Bovine Leukaemia Virus, lcsh:SF600-1100, medicine.symptom, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], Blood sampling
Abstract

The viral expression in vivo, in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle, is considered to be restricted to extremely low levels, and the mitosis of infected B lymphocytes is regarded as the main mode of virus persistence within the infected host. In this study, the presence of BLV RNA in whole blood from seven asymptomatic cows naturally infected with BLV during one year, including a complete milking cycle and two delivery time points, was investigated by nested-PCR using the oligonucleotides complementary to the tax and pol gene. BLV RNA was detected in four cows at different time points, especially in high blood proviral load cows and around delivery time. This study describes the detection of free BLV RNA in blood from BLV-infected asymptomatic cows. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of persistent low-level expression of the tax and pol genes that could be a result of viral reactivation, within the asymptomatic period. This finding may be important in the pathogenesis of BLV infection, associated with the delivery period. Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Porta, Natalia Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina

Published
2019

43. Experimental infection of sheep with Bovine leukemia virus (BLV): Minimum dose of BLV-FLK cells and cell-free BLV and neutralization activity of natural antibodies

Author

Alejandro Ariel Abdala, Vanesa Ruiz, Irene Alvarez, Guillermo Alejandro Suarez Archilla, Natalia Gabriela Porta, and K. Trono

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), FLK-BLV cells, animal diseases, viruses, Microbiology, Bovine leukemia virus, Neutralization, Virus, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Neutralization Tests, immune system diseases, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Animals, Bioassay, Animal model, Experimental infection, Antigens, Viral, Pathogen, Cells, Cultured, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, biology, 030306 microbiology, virus diseases, General Medicine, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Provirus, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Disease Models, Animal, biology.protein, Cattle, Antibody, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an important cattle pathogen that causes major economic losses worldwide, especially in dairy farms. The use of animal models provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of viral infections. Experimental infections of sheep have been conducted using blood from BLV-infected cattle, infectious BLV molecular clones or tumor-derived cells. The Fetal Lamb Kidney cell line, persistently infected with BLV (FLK-BLV), is one of the most commonly used long-term culture available for the permanent production of virus. FLK-BLV cells or the viral particles obtained from the cell-free culture supernatant could be used as a source of provirus or virus to experimentally infect sheep. In this report, we aimed to determine the minimum amount of FLK-BLV cells or cell-free supernatant containing BLV needed to produce infection in sheep. We also evaluated the amount of antibodies obtained from a naturally-infected cow required to neutralize this infection. We observed that both sheep experimentally inoculated with 5000 FLK-BLV cells became infected, as well as one of the sheep receiving 500 FLK-BLV cells. None of the animals inoculated with 50 FLK-BLV cells showed evidence of infection. The cell-free FLK-BLV supernatant proved to be infective in sheep up to a 1:1000 dilution. Specific BLV antibodies showed neutralizing activity as none of the sheep became infected. Conversely, the animals receiving a BLV-negative serum showed signs of BLV infection. These results contribute to the optimization of a sheep bioassay which could be useful to further characterize BLV infection. El virus de la leucosis bovina (bovine leukemia virus [BLV]) es un importante agente patógeno del ganado que causa importantes pérdidas económicas en todo el mundo, especialmente en los rodeos lecheros. El uso de modelos animales proporciona información valiosa sobre la patogénesis de las infecciones virales. Se realizaron infecciones experimentales en ovejas usando sangre de bovinos infectados con BLV, clones moleculares de BLV infecciosos o células derivadas de tumores. La línea celular Fetal Lamb Kidney, persistentemente infectada con el BLV (FLK-BLV), es uno de los cultivos a largo plazo más utilizados para la producción permanente de virus. Las células FLK-BLV o las partículas virales obtenidas del sobrenadante del cultivo libre de células podrían usarse como fuente de provirus o de virus para infectar experimentalmente ovejas. En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la cantidad mínima de células FLK-BLV o de sobrenadante libre de células que contiene BLV necesaria para producir infección en ovejas. También evaluamos la cantidad de anticuerpos bovinos anti-BLV necesaria para neutralizar la infección. Observamos que las dos ovejas inoculadas experimentalmente con 5000 células FLK-BLV se infectaron, y que una de las dos ovejas que recibieron 500 células FLK-BLV se infectó. Ninguno de los animales inoculados con 50 células FLK-BLV mostró evidencia de infección. El sobrenadante FLK-BLV libre de células demostró ser infectivo en ovejas hasta la dilución 1:1000. Los anticuerpos BLV específicos mostraron actividad neutralizante, ya que ninguna de las ovejas se infectó. Por el contrario, los animales que recibieron un suero BLV negativo mostraron signos de infección por BLV. Estos resultados contribuyen a la optimización de un bioensayo en ovejas útil para caracterizar la infección por BLV. Fil: Porta, Natalia Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Suarez Archilla, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Abdala, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina

Published
2019

44. Long-term clinical and functional course of Borderline Personality Disorder: A meta-analysis of prospective studies

Author

José Arzola Ruiz, Georgina Guilera, Arturo Bados, and Irene Alvarez-Tomás

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Remission, Spontaneous, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Behavior Therapy, Borderline Personality Disorder, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Borderline personality disorder, Depression (differential diagnoses), business.industry, Depression, Age Factors, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Suicide, Meta-analysis, Disease Progression, Observational study, Female, Trastorns límits de la personalitat, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Metaanàlisi, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background:This meta-analytic review is the first to synthesise findings from prospective research on the long-term course of borderline personality disorder in adult clinical populations.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed and Scopus within the period 1990-2017. Inclusion criteria were: (1) adult BPD sample diagnosed by a validated, semi-structured interview; (2) at least two prospective assessments of outcomes; and (3) follow-up period ≥ 5 years. Quality of evidence was rated with the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Four outcomes were meta-analysed using mixed-effect methods: remission from BPD diagnosis, completed suicide, depressive symptoms, and functioning. Potential moderators regarding the natural course and the initial treatment received were studied.Results:Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, with 837 participants from nine countries being followed. Between 50% and 70% of the BPD patients achieved remission in the long-term. Significant reductions in depression and functional impairment were also found. Mean suicide rate ranged from 2% to 5%. Younger age was associated with higher likelihood for remission. Being female was correlated with lower functional improvement. Despite some positive trends, there were no significant associations between treatment moderators and the long-term outcome.Conclusions:Findings suggest that the course of BPD is characterised by symptomatic amelioration and a slight functional improvement in the long-term. Age and gender modulate the long-term prognosis and should be considered to adapt treatment resources. Further research is required to draw robust conclusions on the long-term effects of psychotherapeutic interventions.

Published
2019

45. La fête et le spectacle carnavalesques dans Le Mât de cocagne (1979) et Hadriana dans tous mes rêves (1988) de René Depestre

Author

Irene Alvarez Domenech

Subjects
French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, JV1-9480, English literature, PQ1-3999, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, PR1-9680, Depestre. Haitian literature. Carnival. Subversion. Bakhtin
Abstract

The aim of this article is to bring together two of René Despestre’s novels, Le Mât de cocagne (1979) and Hadriana dans tous mes rêves (1988), and place them within the tradition of the carnivalesque as it was discussed by Mikhail Bakhtin in L’œuvre de François Rabelais et la culture populaire au Moyen Âge et sous la Renaissance. By taking into account this wider perspective, I intend to show that the presence of a diegetic spectacle reinforces the subversive value of the two works by including a moment of utopian relief that invites both the characters and the readers to engage in a fight for freedom.

Published
2018

46. Safety and effectiveness of CIMAvax-EGF administered in community polyclinics

Author

Ramón A. Ortiz Carrodeguas, Geidy Lorenzo Monteagudo, Pedro P. Guerra Chaviano, Irene Álvarez Montané, Eva E. Salomón Saldívar, Leonardo Lobaina Lambert, Kirenia Camacho Sosa, Raúl Bermúdez Pino, Poncio Blanco Mustelier, Elba Valdés Rodríguez, Shairis González Piloto, Arelys Guerra de la Vega, Lizet Valdés Sánchez, Arasay Montes De Santis, Jenelly Parra Zabala, Carmen Viada González, Nadia Calvo Aguilera, Danay Saavedra Hernández, Orestes Santos Morales, and Tania Crombet Ramos

Subjects
CIMAvax-EGF, community polyclinics, primary health care institutions, NSCLC, realworld-data (RWD), Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

In spite of the advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapies, lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death. The epidermal growth factor receptor is an established target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its overactivation by the ligands can induce accelerated proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis as well as proinflammatory or immunosuppressive signals. CIMAvax-EGF is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-depleting immunotherapy that is approved for the treatment of NSCLC patients in Cuba. The study was designed as a phase IV trial to characterize the safety and effectiveness of CIMAvax-EGF in advanced NSCLC patients treated in 119 community polyclinics and 24 hospitals. CIMAvax-EGF treatment consisted of four bi-weekly doses followed by monthly boosters. Overall, 741 NSCLC patients ineligible for further cancer-specific treatment were enrolled. CIMAvax-EGF was safe, and the most common adverse events consisted of mild-to-moderate injection site reactions, fever, chills, tremors, and headache. For patients completing the loading doses, the median survival was 9.9 months. For individuals achieving at least stable disease to the frontline and completing vaccination induction, the median survival was 12 months. Most of the functional activities and symptoms evaluated through the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire improved over time. In conclusion, this real-world trial demonstrated that CIMAvax-EGF was safe and effective in patients who were vaccinated in the maintenance scenario. A larger effect was seen in subjects with poor prognosis like those with squamous tumors and high EGF levels. Remarkably, this community-based intervention was very important because it demonstrated the feasibility of treating advanced lung cancer patients with active immunotherapy in primary care institutions. In addition to CIMAvax-EGF, patients received supportive care at the community clinic. Vaccine administration by the family doctors at the polyclinics reduced the patients’ burden on the medical oncology services that continued providing chemotherapy and other complex therapies. We conclude that community polyclinics constitute the optimal scenario for administering those cancer vaccines that are safe and require prolonged maintenance in patients with advanced cancer, despite the continuous deterioration of their general condition.Clinical trial registrationhttps://rpcec.sld.cu/trials/RPCEC00000205-En, identifier RPCEC00000205.

Published
2024
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47. Interlaboratory comparison of six real-time PCR assays for detection of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA

Author

Thomas W. Vahlenkamp, Bhudipa Choudhury, S. L. McGowan, Hugo Adrián Carignano, Kristin Heenemann, J. Kuźmak, A. Pluta, Juan Pablo Jaworski, K. Murakami, Karina Trono, M. Rola-Łuszczak, C. Finnegan, Irene Alvarez, and Luc Willems

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), PROVIRAL DNA, 040301 veterinary sciences, Proviral dna, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, INTERLABORATORY RING TRIAL, Proviruses, BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (BLV), Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Animals, Bovine leukemia virus, biology, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Ciencias Veterinarias, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, RNA, Viral, Cattle, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QPCR), Bovine leukemia virus BLV, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], Laboratories, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is increasingly being used for the detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA. Nevertheless, quality control for the validation and standardization of such tests is currently lacking. Therefore, the present study was initiated by three Office International des Epizooties (OIE) reference laboratories and three collaborating laboratories to measure the interlaboratory variability of six already developed and available BLV qPCR assays. For that purpose, an international panel of 58 DNA samples reflecting the dynamic range of the majority of the assays was distributed to six testing centers. Based on qualitative results, the overall agreement among all six laboratories was moderate. However, significant variability in the measurement of the BLV proviral DNA copy number was observed among different laboratories. Quantitative PCR assays, even when performed by experienced staff, can yield large variability in BLV proviral DNA copy numbers without harmonization. Further standardization of different factors (i.e., utilization of unified protocols and unique calibrators) should increase interlaboratory agreement. Fil: Jaworski, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Pluta, A.. National Veterinary Research Institute; Polonia Fil: Rola Luszczak, M.. National Veterinary Research Institute; Polonia. Animal and Plant Health Agency; Reino Unido Fil: McGowan, S.L.. Animal and Plant Health Agency; Reino Unido Fil: Finnegan, C.. Animal and Plant Health Agency; Reino Unido Fil: Heenemann, K.. University of Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Carignano, Hugo Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Murakami, K.. Iwate University; Japón Fil: Willems, L.. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Vahlenkamp, T.W.. University of Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Choudhury, B.. Animal and Plant Health Agency; Reino Unido Fil: Kuzmak, J.. National Veterinary Research Institute; Polonia

Published
2018

48. Genome-wide scan for commons SNPs affecting bovine leukemia virus infection level in dairy cattle

Author

Karina Trono, Mario Andres Poli, María José Beribe, Maria Agustina Raschia, Irene Alvarez, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Juan Pablo Nani, Ariel Fernando Amadio, Hugo Adrián Carignano, D. L. Roldan, and Gerónimo Gutiérrez

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, Bovine leukemia virus, LEVEL OF INFECTION, Linkage Disequilibrium, Proviruses, WHOLE GENOME ASSOCIATION STUDY, Virus Leucemia Bovina, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Leukocytes, Dairy Cattle, Leukaemia, Genetics, Genomics, Whole genome association study, Viral Load, Female, Research Article, Biotechnology, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Cattle Diseases, SNP, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Context (language use), Biology, Population stratification, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Polimorfismos de Nucleótido Unico, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Bovina, Animals, Leucemia, Genomes, Genetic association, Genomas, Ciencias Veterinarias, Haplotype, BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Ganado de Leche, Genetic Polymorphism, Bovine Leukaemia Virus, Cattle, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3 [https], Level of infection, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], Transcription Factors
Abstract

Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is omnipresent in dairy herds causing direct economic losses due to trade restrictions and lymphosarcoma-related deaths. Milk production drops and increase in the culling rate are also relevant and usually neglected. The BLV provirus persists throughout a lifetime and an inter-individual variation is observed in the level of infection (LI) in vivo. High LI is strongly correlated with disease progression and BLV transmission among herd mates. In a context of high prevalence, classical control strategies are economically prohibitive. Alternatively, host genomics studies aiming to dissect loci associated with LI are potentially useful tools for genetic selection programs tending to abrogate the viral spreading. The LI was measured through the proviral load (PVL) set-point and white blood cells (WBC) counts. The goals of this work were to gain insight into the contribution of SNPs (bovine 50KSNP panel) on LI variability and to identify genomics regions underlying this trait. Results: We quantified anti-p24 response and total leukocytes count in peripheral blood from 1800 cows and used these to select 800 individuals with extreme phenotypes in WBCs and PVL. Two case-control genomic association studies using linear mixed models (LMMs) considering population stratification were performed. The proportion of the variance captured by all QC-passed SNPs represented 0.63 (SE±0.14) of the phenotypic variance for PVL and 0.56 (SE±0.15) for WBCs. Overall, significant associations (Bonferroni´s corrected -log10p>5.94) were shared for both phenotypes by 24 SNPs within the Bovine MHC. Founder haplotypes were used to measure the linkage disequilibrium (LD) extent (r2=0.22±0.27 at inter-SNP distance of 25-50 kb). The SNPs and LD blocks indicated genes potentially associated with LI in infected cows: i.e. relevant immune response related genes (DQA1, DRB3, BOLA-A, LTA, LTB, TNF, IER3, GRP111, CRISP1), several genes involved in cell cytoskeletal reorganization (CD2AP, PKHD1, FLOT1, TUBB5) and modelling of the extracellular matrix (TRAM2, TNXB). Host transcription factors (TFs) were also highlighted (TFAP2D; ABT1, GCM1, PRRC2A). Conclusions: Data obtained represent a step forward to understand the biology of BLV-bovine interaction, and provide genetic information potentially applicable to selective breeding programs. Fil: Carignano, Hugo Adrián. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Roldan, Dana L.. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Beribe, María José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Raschia, Maria Agustina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Amadio, Ariel Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina Fil: Nani, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Gutiérrez, Gerónimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Poli, Mario Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Miretti, Marcos Mateo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2018

49. Characterization of colostrum from dams of BLV endemic dairy herds

Author

Irene Alvarez, Gerónimo Gutiérrez, Karina Trono, Marina Lomonaco, and F. Fernandez

Subjects
Offspring, animal diseases, PROVIRAL LOAD, BLV, Argentina, COLOSTRUM, Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology, Proviruses, Pregnancy, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Prevalence, Animals, reproductive and urinary physiology, General Veterinary, biology, Bovine leukemia virus, Dairy herds, Colostrum, General Medicine, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Viral Load, Provirus, biology.organism_classification, Virology, ANTIBODY, biology.protein, Cattle, Female, Antibody
Abstract

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is endemic in Argentina, where the individual prevalence is higher than 80% in dairy farms. The aim of this work was to find preliminary evidence to know if the high level of infection of the dam would implicate a higher challenge to her own offspring. We collected 65 sets of samples consisting of dam's blood and colostrum from two heavily infected dairy farms, and investigated the correlation between the dam's blood proviral load and the presence of provirus in colostrum. We also described the dual antibody/provirus profile in the colostrum. Provirus was detected in 69.23% of the colostrum samples, mostly from dams with a high proviral load, 36/45 (80%). Colostrum proviral load was significantly higher in dams with high blood proviral load (. p

Published
2015

50. The efficacy of ELISA commercial kits for the screening of equine infectious anemia virus infection

Author

M. Barrandeguy, Andrés Wigdorovitz, Fabiana Cipolini, Irene Alvarez, and Karina Trono

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Virus de la anemia infecciosa equina, Infection screening, viruses, lcsh:QR1-502, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Elisa, Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology, Virus, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Equine infectious anemia, Diagnosis, Elisa. Virus de la anemia infecciosa equina. Diagnóstico, Animals, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Horses, biology, business.industry, Diagnóstico, Horse, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Immunology, biology.protein, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Antibody, business, Horse serum, Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
Abstract

The most used and reliable indicator of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infec- tion is the detection of its speci“c antibodies in horse serum. In the present study, the performance of two commercial ELISA tests for the detection of EIAV antibodies as well as the potential advantages of their use as an EIAV infection screening tool were evaluated in 302 horse serum samples. Both ELISA assays showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity, and 92.3---94.3% diagnostic speci“city. Discordant results were analyzed by immunoblot. The results showed that both ELISA tests are very ef“cient at detecting EIAV infected animals, allowing to identify a higher number of positive horse cases. Thus, ELISA assays can be useful tools in EIA control and eradication. © 2014 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Published
2015

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