Search

Introduction: Muscles are the largest tissue group in the body and can be classified into various classifications, one of which is based on their morphological shape. Examination of muscles, especially skeletal muscles, can use electromyography. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscles that have similar morphology have no different electromyogram.Method: This is a descriptive observational study using needle electromyography. The sample amounted to 5 with five times MUP (Motor Unit Potential) in each musculus deltoideus and musculusResult: The mean amplitude, duration, number of voltage phases and the number of voltage turns off the musculus deltoideus and musculus gluteus medius in the study subjects were similar (p-value > 0.05).Conclusion: Muscles that have similar morphology in each parameter of amplitude, duration, number of voltage phases, and number of voltage turns do not have a significant difference in electromyogram.

The aging process can be slowed by reducing the calorie intake consumed by the body by calorie restriction or fasting. This study aimed to analyze the effect of calorie restriction on adipose tissue in mice. The experimental research design uses 12 months old Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar, weighing 250–300 grams. The intervention was carried out for 14 days, then the average weight of subcutaneous and visceral fat was measured using Kruskal Wallis analysis and ANOVA. Based on the four treatment groups, the mice fasting and given a high-calorie diet (group 4) had the highest average fat weight value of 4.02 grams in the subcutaneous and 3.55 grams in the visceral area. Meanwhile, in group 1, mice that were not fasting and did not get a high-calorie diet had the lowest average fat weight values, namely 2.14 grams in the subcutaneous area and 2.72 grams in the visceral area. Based on the test results, it was found that there was no difference between subcutaneous (p=0.121) and visceral (p=0.443) fat tissue in all groups. Calorie restriction is beneficial for delaying aging and increasing mammal life span, but intermittent calorie restriction does not affect adipose tissue.

Human life quality is related to the density of daily physical activity. Human diseases are related to how many steps to take within a day. The level of human physical activity can be measured using the IPAQ scoring protocol, created by WHO in 1988. The relationship between IPAQ score and health problems show to be correlated. Nevertheless, the relationship between the level of physical activity using the IPAQ score instrument and resting heart rate is not known yet. This researcher conducted this study to determine the relationship between physical activity level using the IPAQ scoring protocol and rest heart rate. This study is an observative analytic with a cross-sectional study design using a simple random sampling technique. This study was conducted in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020 using primary data in the form of the IPAQ scoring method and resting heart rate examination using the Polar Heart Rate tool, which is then processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The IPAQ score and resting heart rate measurement results using polar heart rate tools showed that the most college student has a high degree of physical activity level (72%) and a normal level of resting heart rate (90%). When measured with the Pearson correlation test, the correlation of those two components has a negative and weak correlation (r= -0,337, p

Background: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced free radical oxidant activity resulted in muscle wasting due to protein carbonyl (PC), glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein alteration. Antioxidant ingredient in the golden sea cucumber extract was found in promising level to inhibit free radical activity. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of golden sea cucumber extract on PC, IL-6, and Glut-4 level of STZ-induced diabetes mouse. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using mice, which were grouped into non-diabetes, diabetes, and diabetes-treated extract groups. The golden sea cucumber was extracted using 70% ethanol, which was administered by oral gavage twice a day for 5 consecutive days. Results: The extract reduced PC level and improved muscle Glut-4 and IL-6 protein level of diabetic mouse. Conclusion: The extract of golden sea cucumber revived muscle Glut-4 and IL-6 protein level in protection against muscle wasting.

Introduction: Hormonal changes affecting a child's growth occur in deep sleep phase of preschoolers. Nowadays, obesity is still a world health problem. In 2014, Indonesia had three growth problems, one of them was overweight in preschoolers. This study aimed to analyze the association between sleep disturbance with weight-for-height and body mass index (BMI) in preschoolers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by analyzing the tendency with boxplot charts and the association was measured by Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test. Data of 86 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old were obtained from three kindergartens in Kalijudan, Surabaya from March to September 2018. Z-score values and the categories of weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) and BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) refer to WHO Standards 2006 and sleep disturbances were measured by sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) questionnaire. Results: 65.12% of preschoolers had sleep disturbance and 66.28% of them had normal WHZ and BAZ. The average WHZ and BAZ value in preschoolers who had sleep disturbance (M = -0.2730; -0.2207) were higher than preschoolers who had no sleep disturbance (M = -0.6083; -0, 5920). Results from Mann-Whitney test showed the same significance value between WHZ and BAZ, p = 0.226. Independent t-test showed a significance value of p = 0.524 and p = 0.490, meaning that there was no statistically significant association. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between sleep disturbance with WHZ and BAZ in preschoolers aged 3-5 years old, however descriptively, the values of WHZ and BAZ in the group of preschoolers who had sleep disturbance tended to be higher.

Inclusive children or children with special needs are those who have abnormalities in the process of growth or development; which can be physical, mental-intellectual, social, or emotional. The World Health Organization predicts that around 7% of the world's total children population is inclusive children. Exercise that are adapted and modified according to their needs, the type of abnormality and the ability of inclusive children are able to improve motor and sensory abilities so that they will improve their quality of life. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of parents with inclusive children in implementing adaptive exercise for their children. The method used was seminar and training. Activity evaluation was carried out using questionnaire to observe the increase of knowledge. This activity was attended by 31 parents and 31 inclusive children, with the highest parents’ age range in 31-40 years, which is mothers 38.7%; 41.9% father. The age of expecting mothers of inclusive children mostly ranges from 31-40 years (35.5%). Increased knowledge about child development was 31% (pretest 68, posttest 91.8) and increased knowledge about adaptive sports was 72.18% (pretest 49.6, posttest 85.4).abstrakAnak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) adalah anak yang dalam proses pertumbuhan atau perkembangannya mengalami kelainan atau penyimpangan; yang bisa berupa fisik, mental-intelektual, sosial, atau emosionalnya. Organisasi kesehatan dunia memprediksi sekitar 7% dari keseluruhan populasi anak dunia merupakan ABK. Olahraga yang diadaptasi dan dimodifikas sesuai dengan kebutuhan, jenis kelainan dan tingkat kemampuan ABK mampu memperbaiki kemampuan motoris dan sensoris sehingga akan meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan orang tua ABK dalam melatih olahraga adaptif buat anak-anaknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah seminar dan pelatihan. Evaluasi keberhasilan kegiatan dilakukan dengan kuesioner untuk melihat peningkatan pengetahuan. Kegiatan dihadiri oleh 31 orang tua dan 31 ABK, dengan rentang usia orang tua terbanyak di 31-40 tahun yaitu ibu 38,7%; ayah 41,9%. Usia ibu mengandung ABK terbanyak di rentang 31-40 tahun (35,5%). Peningkatan pengetahuan pada materi tumbuh kembang anak sebesar 31% (pretest 68, posttest 91,8) dan peningkatan pengetahuan materi olahraga adaptif sebesar 72,18% (pretest 49,6, posttest 85,4).

Background: There was no data how these food density could effect on glucose and visual analog levels based on hunger-filled scales in Indonesian population. Objective To determine the effect of food energy density on glucose levels and hunger-satiety sensation. Material and Methods: Seventeen women 18-22 years of age with BMI> 25, were given low energy density breakfast (n = 9) and high energy density (n = 7). The subjects were fasted for 10 hours, fasting blood glucose levels was measured as well as hunger-satiety sensation with a visual analog scale (VAS), prior to treatment. Breakfast was started at 08.00 a.m chew up to 32 times for 15 minutes. Blood glucose levels and VAS measurement were taken back in 2 hours and 4 hours afterward. Result: There was a significant differences in glucose levels between 4 hours postpandrial and 2 hours postpandrial (p = 0.031) and also between 4 hours postpandrial and fasting state (p = 0.042) in both groups. Analysis of hunger level VAS (p = 0.02) and satiety level VAS (0.04) at 4 hours postpandrial also differ significantly. Correlation analysis between hunger level VAS and blood glucose was different significantly (p = 0.01) with r = -0.59. Conclusions: The low energy density foods produce a pattern of increasing blood glucose levels were more stable, thus, more able to suppress the sensation of hunger than high energy density.

Introduction: Diarrhea is a significant health problem, especially in countries with low income. In many cases, diarrhea even can cause death. Treatment for diarrhea has been done both pharmacologically (including the usage of herbal remedies) and non-pharmacologically. Decoction of the sapodilla’s leaves is often used to treat diarrhea, but no studies directly demonstrates the effects of sapodilla’s leaves’ decoction towards living creatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sapodilla leaves’ ( Achras zapota ) infusum towards diarrheal activity of mice ( Mus musculus ) which can be seen through the onset and frequency of diarrhea, and the consistency and quantity / weight of feces. Methods: 30 mice were divided into five groups. Negative controls (group I) were administered with oleum Ricini, positive controls (group II) were administered with oleum Ricini and Loperamide HCl after half-an hour, and group III, IV, and V, were administered with oleum Ricini and sapodilla leaves’ (Achras zapota) infusum ( with the concentration of 5 g %, 10 g %, and 20 g %) after half-an hour. Then, those mice were observed for 3 hours for their diarrheal activity (diarrheal onset, frequency, fecal consistency, and fecal weights). Results: Analysis by Kruskal-Wallis method showed significant differences of diarrheal activities among the five groups (p = 0.023). Whilst, analysis by Mann-Whitney method showed significant differences between group I and II (p = 0.04), group I and III (p = 0.012), and group I and IV (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Based on the result showed sapodilla leaves’ (Achras zapota) infusum could reduce diarrheal activity of mice (Mus musculus).

Flat feet is one of the factors that influence growth and the development process. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between medial longitudinal arch,and age and agility. Observational analytic design was performed in this study, which took place in Khoirunnas Nurul Hayat kinder garten. The population in this study was 32 children aged 5–6 years old. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling.An examination of flat-foot level was done on the medial longitudinal arch using Clarke’s angle following which 11 children were selected as the subjects of this research. To measure agility, we used a 30-meter shuttle run test. Data analysis was performed with a Spearman’s rho, which produced a p-value of 0.603. The conclusion of this research is that there is no correlation between medial longitudinal arch and agility.

Previous studies have proved that there is a linear correlation between VO2max and slow-twitch fibers in athletes. These studies were done using biopsy, the invasive method, to estimate the muscle fiber type. There is also a non-invasive method, which is convenient to use and not conflicted by ethical law in Indonesia. However, further study regarding muscle fiber shifting and its correlation with the level of fitness using a non-invasive method to estimate muscle fiber is still lacking. This research aims to determine the distribution and correlation between level of fitness and muscle fiber type in non-athletes estimated by a non-invasive method. Muscle fiber type in the quadriceps muscle group and level of fitness were determined in 33 untrained male students with an average age of 20.5 y.o. Muscle fiber type was determined by a non-invasive method by counting the maximal repetition with 80% 1RM weight. The level of fitness was determined a week later by the Astrand ergoc ycle method. The slow-twitch muscle fibers dominated a high fitness level (p=0.002). However, the correlation test between muscle fiber types and fitness level was not significant (p=0.551). This result showed that a high fitness level, which has a higher oxygen consumption, has numerous slow-twitch muscle fibers. It is rich in myoglobin delivering oxygen to maintain the aerobic activity. Yet there is no correlation between the level of fitness and muscle fiber type as estimated by a non-invasive method in quadriceps. Further studies are needed to analyze several factors that may contribute to it.

Floorball is a sport that is played using a stick. One of the skill that a player needs is hand grip. The aim of this research is to understand the relation between hand grip and achievement in Indonesian female floorball athletes. This research was performed by observational analytic design. The subjects of this study were 38 female floorball semi-finalists at the national championship Dekan Cup Unesa II in 2017. The subjects were aged 16–31 years old. The result of the hypothesis test proves that there is no correlation between hand grip and achievement in Indonesian female floorball athlete.

The medial longitudinal arch of the foot has clinical significance because it functions to absorb shocks to the feet and protect the feet from injury. The objective of this study was to look for a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in children aged 5–6 years. Data were collected from 31 students of Khairunas Nurul Hayat Kindergarten, Surabaya, and a cross-sectional analytic observational study was undertaken using total sampling. BMI measurements were performed by weighing weight and height using a ruler The medial longitudinal angle was measured by using a footprint angle with a pegograph from Clarke. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis with SPSS. The data indicated that the participants’ weight was 16.42 ± 3.93 kg and their height was 109.16 ± 5.20 cm. The mean of BMI was 13.56 ± 2.29 with a distribution of 90.32% within normal BMI range, while the rest was not normal. The angle of the medial longitudin al arch was 15.32 ± 9.10°, with a distribution of 35.48% of students with flat feet and 64.52% with a normal foot arch. The result of a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney comparative test for the flat-feet group and the normal group was p=0.951. The result of a Spearman’s correlation test for BMI and medial longitudinal arch was p=0.355. There was no difference in BMI between flat feet and normal feet; and there was no correlation between BMI and medial longitudinal arch. In the future, research could be carried out using a larger number of research subjects, because the results suggested that the bigger the participant’s BMI, the smaller their medial longitudinal arch

Aim: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, is widely used as supplements. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA in active teenagers after vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation.Methods: Subjects (14-16 y.o) consisted of 12 boys and 5 girls, divided into 3 groups: control (4 boys, 2 girls), ‘moderate dose’ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (5 boys, 1 girls), and ‘high dose’ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (3 boys, 2 girls). The treatment was given for 5 days. Vitamin C and vitamin E for ‘moderate dose’ was 500mg; 200IU, and for ‘high dose’ was 1000mg; 400IU. Fasting Blood Glucose (FGB) and 1 hour BG (1hr_BG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and 1 hour SI (1hr_SI) was collected after treatment. We also calculated the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β.Result: There was no significant difference on FBG, 1hr_BG, FSI, 1hr_SI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β (p≥ 0.05). However, mean FBG and 1hr_BG tended to be higher on the treatment groups. The control group had the lowest HOMA-IR and the highest HOMA-β.Conclusions: We suggest that the supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E in active teenagers is not essential on glucose homeostasis.