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The article examines the development of the "English" theme in L.Tolstoy’s novel, Anna Karenina. This topic is traced in various episodes of the work, particularly in the scene of races and preparations for them. It is reflected in vocabulary, everyday realities; it arises based on associations and in subtext. During the races, Alexey Alexandrovich Karenin comments with respect about English civilisation, British self-discipline, perseverance in achieving the goal, about the cavalry business in Great Britain. In the XVIII-XXVIII chapters of the second part of the novel, there are parallels between Vronsky’s inclinations and preferences and the life style of an English gentleman: the love of horses, the desire to participate in the races. After all, it was in Britain where equestrian sports especially developed; it became the main national hobby. To prepare for competitions, Vronsky finds jockey-trainer Cord with a "speaking" surname (in English, a cord is a rope used in horse training). The horse chosen by the hero is the English blood mare Frou–Frou. In the scene in which Vronsky and Cord visit the stables, English words and expressions that give a specific colour are included in the text immediately before the races take place. However, Tolstoy saw the hero’s wish to win as an ambitious desire to be the first, and the races - as an ostentatious action. This situation is echoed in the well-known episode of the Battle of Balaklava on October 13 (25), 1854, during the Crimean War, when, as a result of misunderstandings in issuing the order to attack, the British Light Cavalry Brigade self-confidently opposed the Russian forces and suffered heavy losses. Alexey Alexandrovich Karenin, for whom everything English is a benchmark, close to the ideal of Victorian morality, arrogant, filled with the consciousness of his significance, is also connected with the "English" topic, with the fatal attack. However, he will soon fail. The development of the "English" theme in episodes of races and preparation for them serves as false values, the ephemeral virtues of the modern Tolstoy society, pride and arrogance. Its primary role is to deploy and implement the moralistic installation of the novel. It expands the meaningful space of the work, along with other themes, determines the image of the dramatic pattern of the era.

The monograph comprehensively examines the issues of digital development of the economy of adjacent territories — the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The best experience of digitalization of the national economies of Russia and Kazakhstan, the introduction of digital tools for optimizing the production processes of industrial enterprises is considered. Priority directions of digitalization at the level of territorial and corporate governance, including legal regulation, are identified, and digital solutions for the educational sphere, industry and business are also proposed. It was prepared based on the results of joint research carried out by scientists of Russia and Kazakhstan on the basis of leading Russian universities included in the federal program "Priority — 2030". It is recommended to specialists in the field of state and regional management, strategic economic management, applied informatics and digital transformation, researchers, postgraduates, undergraduates.

The occurrence of catastrophes has increased considerably in recent decades. Climate change, urban pressure and lack of disaster preparedness are increasingly transforming natural hazards into disasters, causing multiple losses. In the last decades, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has captured significant attention as the main approach to reduce vulnerabilities and exposure and improve preparedness to protect regional, national and local development. One of the main international agreements adopted to strengthen and enhance society’s resilience is the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), which emphasises the need for more inclusive, multi-hazard DRR processes and its synergies with climate change, health, and sustainable development. Within this framework, UNESCO enhances preparedness and builds resilience at all levels through multi-hazard, multi-discipline, and multi-stakeholder DRR mechanisms, supporting the Member States particularly on eight thematics. Likewise, UNESCO has been a catalyst for international, interdisciplinary cooperation in many aspects of disaster risk reduction and mitigation. The organisation has supported activities of international DRR programmes, such as International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), as part of its global contributions to this and other international agreements.

In modern realities, organizations face various risks, threats of both external and internal nature, which, if implemented, can have a negative impact on the overall condition of the enterprise, and in particular on the functional components of economic security. The article identifies the key components of the economic security of the organization, assesses the level of the legal component of economic security based on the calculation of the values of individual indicators in a complex model.

The aggressive infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2, its rapid spread, and the emergence of mutations necessitate investigation of factors contributing to differences in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity. The role of genetic variations in the human HLA continues to be studied in various populations in terms of both its effect on morbidity and clinical manifestation of illness. The study included 484 COVID-19 convalescents (northwest Russia residents of St. Petersburg). Cases in which the responsible strain was determined were divided in two subgroups: group 1 (n = 231) had illness caused by genovariants unrelated to variant of concern (VOC) strains; and group 2 (n = 80) had illness caused by the delta (B.1.617.2) VOC; and a control group (n = 1456). DNA typing (HLA-A, B, DRB1) was performed at the basic resolution level. HLA-A*02 was associated with protection against infection caused by non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants only but not against infection caused by delta strains. HLA-A*03 was associated with protection against infection caused by delta strains; and allele groups associated with infection by delta strains were HLA-A*30, B*49, and B*57. Thus, in northwest Russia, HLA-A*02 was associated with protection against infection caused by non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants but not against delta viral strains. HLA-A*03 was associated with a reduced risk of infection by delta SARS-CoV-2 strains. HLA-A*30, HLA-B*49, and HLA-B*57 allele groups were predisposing factors for infection by delta (B.1.617.2) strains.

The article deals with the problem of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in the material of the Yakut language and Sakha culture. In the traditional culture of the Yakut people, the phenomenon of taboo led to the creation of substitute words in the language system, which are secondary nominations. Studying the mechanisms of their emergence, it is possible to study the interaction of human thinking, its language and the surrounding reality. The aim of our study was the means of euphemisms formation: an extensive dictionary of euphemisms, compiled by the author on the basis of several sources, is subjected to study. The various techniques of euphemistic substitution are identified primarily in terms of semantics. The euphemism and the tabooed word are linked in most cases by a metaphor based on figurative associations. At the same time, there is a transposition, which is based not only on semantic, but also on the functional juxtaposition of the linguistic units. Euphemisms are nominations based on metonymy, synecdoche, synonymy, antonymy, foreign words, dialectal and obsolete words are used as substitutes. The principles of synonymic and hyper-hyponymic substitution are also relevant. The latter are based on the logical periphrasis, an indirect descriptive designation of the object and phenomenon of reality. In most cases, the semantic components of euphemisms are related to the background knowledge of native speakers about a given reality. The cultural and historical background surrounding each word is an integral component of the meaning of the nomination. The presence of a special term kharys tyl in the Yakut language, naming protective words, i.e. euphemisms, demonstrates a special attitude to the word performing magical functions in the human collective.

The article considers the main approaches of analyzing the effectiveness of state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and conducted a comparative characterization of the features of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of state programs of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The article examines the image-symbol of a vicious circle in the work of the social satirist M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. This image, plays an important role in creating a picture of the Russian national world. The circle embodies integrity, continuity, initial perfection and – hopelessness, fate, dead end. In the works of the satirist, the image-symbol of a vicious circle carries the meaning of stagnation, lifelessness, denial of the future, mysterious predestination. With regard to the social sphere, this image-symbol was used in the 19th century. French socialist-utopian Charles Fourier in his work “The New Economic and Societal World, or the Invention of a Method of Attractive and Naturally Appropriate Labor Distributed in Series of Passions”, a representative of the radical democratic wing in Russian journalism D. I. Pisarev (article “Realists”). In the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, the idea of avicious circle appears repeatedly. The satire “The History of a City” testifies that the despotic forms of government, replacing one another, the power of the reactionary dark forces are a kind of fate for the country and the people. The existence of representatives of the local nobility, the popular masses, moves in a vicious circle, marked by stagnation, hopelessness, emptiness, and lack of hope for the future. The same can be said about the situation in the Russian outback: there only meaningless repetitions of events, the renewal of identical phenomena are possible. The conservative-protective desire to mythologize history, an apology for absolutism, is fraught with the danger of distorting the meaning of history, its driving forces, denying the centuries-old trials that have befallen the country and the people. For Saltykov-Shchedrin, the image of a vicious circle is associated with the riddle of Russian national destiny, which he has been trying to comprehend over the years. Striving for the ideal of social harmony, overcoming the vicious circle of predetermination for the enlightener, moralist was associated with both social transformations and moral renewal of the individual, with the awakening of Shame, Conscience and Truth in an individual and in the whole society, with their spiritual transformation, which gives an opportunity to make a breakthrough, initiate a purposeful life-giving movement forward.

The article is devoted to the attitude of L.N. Tolstoy to the position of the Russian peasantry and post-reform rural life, which was vividly reflected in the novel «Anna Karenina». The searches of the central hero Levin are close to the activities of those representatives of the educated part of Russian society in the 1870 s who were not indifferent to the fate of the masses. These include the essays «From the Village» - 12 letters of the economist, agronomist, educator A.N. Engelhardt, highly regarded by Tolstoy.

The article investigates the issue of increasing the efficiency of the freight forwarding company. Scientific interest is the reduction of losses during transportation of goods by road transport Ltd. "PAVER TRANS TRADE", improving the efficiency of the activity, which is the key to the introduction of a modern electronic cargo tracking management system in the company's activities with the help of navigation maps and satellite system. To do this, we propose in this article measures to improve the logistics of LLC "POWER TRANS TRADE", the introduction of a monitoring system based on a telecommunications platform geographic information service for more complete tracking of goods and drivers, which will permit to track orders not only by company managers but also by customers on the web-site. The study allows us to consider and analyze the factors that affect the losses during the transportation of goods for LLC "POWER TRANS TRADE", which will increase the efficiency of the freight forwarding company as a whole. We have also identified three priority tasks in the field of delivery management of LLC "POWER TRANS TRADE", which the proposed system should be aimed at: security and control of cargo; control of fuel costs; work with customer complaints. Benefits are identified by us according to the proposed monitoring system for improving the operational activities of the freight forwarding company LLC "POWER TRANS TRADE". As a result, the proposed monitoring system, firstly, will reduce the risk of loss and damage for transported goods. This will reduce the costs of the carrier - the company "POWER TRANS TRADE" and will make the transportation process open from the legal part (division of responsibilities between the warehouse, the loading and unloading operator and, in fact, the transport company) and technological part (full control over critical parameters). viscosity to the coordinates of the location, time factor and current affiliation of the cargo). It will be possible to provide the cargo owner with an online tracking service.

In the context of disaster risk management and climate change adaptation, Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are being increasingly recognized and promoted as viable measures against hydro-meteorological hazards, while also being able to provide a range of environmental, social, and economic benefits. Yet, the employment of NBS to mitigate the impact of hydro-meteorological phenomena remains still sporadic and uncoordinated at the global and European level.In order to assist competent authorities, practitioners and other stakeholders in developing successful NBS interventions for hydro-meteorological risk mitigation and climate change adaptation, while also raising general public awareness and community stewardship of NBS, the EU-H2020 project OPERANDUM has recently launched a multi-dimensional, open and user-friendly web-platform called GeoIKP (Geospatial Information Knowledge Platform).GeoIKP follows a multi-stakeholder approach demonstrated through the integration of multiple modules related to science, policy and practice. This contribution offers an overview of GeoIKP and discusses in detail some of the innovative aspects and tools of the platform. It represents the first example of NBS web-platform with advanced interface customization. Functionalities and graphical interfaces are tailored to match specific user needs and interests for six different user profiles: 1) policy bodies (from international to local level), 2) knowledge-based organizations (research institutions, labs and data providers), 3) companies or private businesses, 4) associations, interest groups and grass-roots movements, 5) citizens and 6) other affected or interested parties (e.g. media outlets).The platform combines the latest scientific and technological knowledge on the topic gathered within OPERANDUM with advanced webGIS functionalities, analytical algorithms, and a comprehensive repository for NBS data (and metadata) management and cataloging. The highly structured and comprehensive data model adopted here enables to query the database and/or filter the results based on a multitude of individual parameters which encompass all different dimensions of NBS (e.g. geophysical, societal, environmental, etc.). This not only allows for a straightforward and automatic association to one or more thematic aspects of NBS, but also enhances standardization, discoverability and interoperability of NBS data in the context of disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.Among its functionalities, GeoIKP offers an interactive map which enables users to visualize and combine in real time geo-referenced datasets on a variety of thematic areas (hydro-meteorological hazards and associated socio-ecological risks, land cover/use characteristics, climate, Earth and ground observations, etc.), thus providing evidence-base support for the planning and management of NBS in a given geographic area. Through the map, the user can also access a geo-catalogue of existing NBS, and thus discover how NBS have been employed worldwide for hydro-meteorological risk reduction and climate change adaptation. At the same time, the platform serves as a hub for the growing NBS community to share information, tools, data, and experiences to reduce hydro-meteorological hazards. For example, scientists and practitioners can freely contribute to GeoIKP data repository as well as to the NBS catalogue, while the “Citizen Stories” functionality gives a voice to vulnerable, affected or concerned citizens to share personal experiences of how and why they started applying NBS to their areas, and to inspire others to take action.

The aim of this paper is to form an analytical and critical framework to consider the uses of digital platforms in heritage field and practices and to provide methodologies for user profiling based on the identification of local stakeholders and their needs. Within the context of the EU H2020 research project RURITAGE, a resource ecosystem (RRE) of various integrated tools was created for shaping and addressing heritage-led knowledge and bottom-up strategies of local regeneration. More specifically, the RRE was conceived to provide local stakeholders with new methodologies and user-friendly tools based on bottom-up processes for identifying and actioning heritage and territorial features and turning these cultural natural values—as well as the gaps—into opportunities. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the integration of tools in other digital platforms for heritage practices and/or regeneration processes to explore the holistic approach to heritage knowledge and the effectiveness in engaging local stakeholders. In addition, it frames methodologies for local stakeholder and related needs identification. Through this comparative analysis among digital heritage platforms and through user profiling to target the needs of users by using the RRE as a case study, the paper explores the challenge of helping communities to shape a local heritage-led collaborative knowledge supported by integrated and user-friendly digital tools and to activate them in preserving and exploiting their territories and building shared and plural cultural heritage understandings, considering cultural heritage as a social need.

Hydrometeorological hazards such as floods, landslides and droughts are in many parts of the world occurring more frequently and more severely than in the past and are exacerbated by climate change. UNESCO-designated sites which focus on the protection and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage are often partly or entirely exposed to natural hazards and extreme weather events, with potential impacts on the communities living in or near the sites, and on their livelihoods. Many natural UNESCO sites such as Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks can serve as effective climate observatories and testing grounds for sustainable approaches including Nature-based Solutions (NBS).NBS are based on the sustainable management, protection, and use of nature to mitigate environmental risks and preserve ecosystems, while providing environmental, social, and economic benefits, and building resilience to a changing climate. UNESCO promotes the uptake of integrated NBS for disaster risk reduction by leveraging local and scientific knowledge streams and participatory stakeholder engagement.OPERANDUM is an EU-funded project supported by UNESCO that aims to deliver tools and methods to prove the efficacy of innovative NBS for multi-hazard hydro-meteorological risks in rural and natural areas. These so-called Open-Air Laboratories (OALs) comprise 10 rural territories, including two European Biosphere Reserves, where novel NBS practices are implemented and assessed through innovative monitoring systems and cutting-edge numerical modelling approaches.The Po Delta Biosphere Reserve represents part of the OAL Italy where river flooding and subsequent salt intrusions driven by climate change and sea level rise threaten the livelihoods of local communities. Novel lab experiments have been developed to assess the ability of different plant species to function as effective natural barriers to salt intrusions and protect agricultural lands, reinforce the riverbank, and preserve inland water quality. In addition, advanced monitoring techniques and multi-scale impact modelling are deployed on site to estimate the impact of the NBS.In an effort to promote upscaling of these solutions, OPERANDUM has developed an open-source online platform for NBS called the Geospatial Information Knowledge Platform (GeoIKP). Building on the knowledge acquired at the OALs, the platform offers a variety of cutting-edge services, interactive tools, customizable web-GIS functionalities, and standardized data repositories. It aims to serve as a hub for the global NBS community to share information, tools, data, and experiences to reduce hydro-meteorological hazards, and to address related societal challenges in rural areas.

The article considers the national and cultural specifics of evaluative and quality assessment nominations in the Yakut linguoculture. The results of a free associative experiment highlight the systemic nature of images in a person's linguistic consciousness, as well as the national characteristics of words in the Yakut culture. The experiment materials representing a fragment of a person's verbal memory reveal the systemic nature of associative and semantic connections based on syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships. It is necessary to associations that have special semantics, including a wide cultural and historical background. Extensive associative and semantic links develop both stable traditions and the peculiarities of mindset: devotion to the origins revealing the deep meaning of each word. Evaluative nominations as part of the language can become the key to understanding a person and their values-based worldview.

UNESCO Global Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves are natural UNESCO designated sites that promote sustainable development and focus on the protection of natural and cultural heritage or the conservation and sustainable use of geological resources and biodiversity. More than 800 of these natural UNESCOdesignated sites may be partly or entirely exposed to natural hazards and extreme weather events which can potentially impact the communities living in or near the sites and their livelihoods. Because of their high cultural and symbolic value, the impact of the loss or damage of a natural UNESCO-designated site can resonate across the world. At the same time, these iconic sites have tremendous potential as platforms to share knowledge on Disaster Risk Reduction. Many UNESCO-designated sites have community and tourismoriented programmes to raise awareness about the source of natural hazards, associated risks, and ways to reduce their impact.

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) refer to the sustainable management, protection and use of nature to preserve the ecosystem and prevent the loss of biodiversity. Given the multiple environmental, social, and economic benefits they provide to society, NBS have been increasingly promoted and implemented in cities, especially for air pollution mitigation and the improving of human thermal comfort and well-being. Several databases and web platforms already exist, which document these beneficial impacts of NBS in our cities by collecting and exposing existing NBS case studies and projects from around globe. However, the effort of cataloging and storing NBS data according to common and harmonized principles and standards seems yet sporadic and uncoordinated at the global and European level, especially in the context of natural hazard-related disasters. Nature-based solutions have been indeed recently emerged as viable and effective measures to mitigate the impacts of hydro-meteorological phenomena such as floods, landslide, etc. in both urban and rural environments, an aspect not often emphasized in the existing databases.Driven by the ambition of overcoming these two main gaps, an innovative geo-catalogue of existing NBS has been developed within the framework of GeoIKP, the NBS web-platform newly created by the EU H2020 project OPERANDUM.The geo-catalogue represents a comprehensive, geo-referenced, database of NBS case studies which are specifically designed to mitigate the risk and impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards, under a variety of environmental setting and hazard categories. It therefore represents a novel and open-access data source to learn about, and explore, the usability of NBS in fulfilling climate mitigation and adaptation objectives over a wide range of hydro-meteorological hazards.Case studies collected from various resources (NBS platforms, scientific literature, technical reports, OPERANDUM living labs, etc.) are revised, classified and harmonized according to internationally recognized standard and classification schemes (e.g., INSPIRE legislation, MAES classification, etc.) which allow to characterize each NBS through a comprehensive set of parameters, including the type of hazard and ecosystem, the societal challenges and driving policies linked to it, the type of intervention and its spatial coverage, among many others.The highly structured and comprehensive data model adopted here enables to query the database and/or filter the results based on a multitude of individual parameters which encompass all different dimensions of NBS (e.g. geophysical, societal, environmental, etc.). This not only allows for a straightforward and automatic association to one or more thematic aspects of NBS, but also enhances standardization, discoverability and interoperability of NBS data.

One of alternative ways to maintain valuable genetic material is to develop optimal conditions for cultivation in an in vitro system. The goal was to evaluate the condition of plants based on changes in the shoot length indicator in order to explore the maintaining mode of the collection. We took the experimental samples from the “Vegetating collection of plants in vitro of promising varieties and clones of grapes”: 13 local Crimean varieties and 9 varieties of the Institute Magarach selection. Plant containing culture bottles were in the cold storage without internal lighting at 10-12°C for 6 months. The cultivation findings demonstrated that grape varieties differed in viability and intensity of morphogenesis. Moreover, after storage, they had a high regenerating ability of the buds.

Sodium silicate binders are a promising binder base for obtaining effective granular thermal insulation materials. Increasing water resistance, first of all, will expand the scope of their application in construction. At the same time, the features of the modification of sodium silicate binders by compounds of polyvalent metals have not been fully studied, the interaction with which leads to the formation of hardly soluble silicates. The purpose of this work was to develop a modifying complex based on a zinc-containing compound - zinc acetate to increase the water resistance and thermal characteristics of the porous granular material. The proposed modifying additive is a complex consisting of zinc acetate and an organic alcohol solvent. It is shown that the properties of porous granular material can be controlled by changing the composition of the zinc acetate solvent. Qualitative and quantitative dependences of the properties of porous granules (strength, water resistance, density, thermal conductivity) on the type of zinc-containing solution and its content in the compositions have been obtained. The concept of the mechanism of formation of sparingly soluble complexes during the modification of sodium silicate binders with zinc-containing aqueous-alcoholic solutions has been developed. X-ray phase analysis showed that the sodium silicate system modified with an aqueous alcohol solution of zinc acetate, in contrast to an aqueous solution of zinc acetate, is completely in an amorphous state. We believe that compounds of the Zn2SiO4H2O, ZnSiO3 type are in the amorphous state. The obtained research results made it possible to determine the rational composition of granular heat-insulating material with increased operational and functional characteristics (ρ = 200-280 kg / m3, λ = 0.052-0.063 W / (m °C), R = 1.3-1.8 MPa, Kr = 0.89-0.92, W = 16- 18 %).

When first established in 1987, the Erasmus programme (rebranded Erasmus+ in 2014) aimed to encourage transnational collaboration between higher education institutions without involving national authorities (Ribeiro 2021). One of its first functions was to enhance cultural integration (Gonzalez et al. 2011), but within a few years the European Commission started to include topics such as social and economic inclusion, which led to a diversification of its programmes (Cairns 2017), culminating in Erasmus+ encompassing areas such as volunteering, entrepreneurship and training (European Commission 2018: 3). The objective of this chapter is to look at this expanded range of opportunities for internationalized learning, focusing on experiences in Norway, Romania and Luxembourg, and a process we have called ‘Erasmus-ization.’ In practice, this can take many forms. For example, the interviews from Romania describe an enculturation to European values and global citizenship (Deardorff 2006), and experiential learning (Kolb 2014). In the case of Norway, a broadening of opportunity structures and an elongated transition to employment is found, and for young people who move to Luxembourg the future after Erasmus+ and the intrinsic value of exchanges can manifest many years after the experience. We therefore have a diversification of meaning, as well as a broadening of programmatic scope.

UNESCO-designated sites (World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks) promote sustainable development, and focus on the protection of natural and cultural heritage or the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and geological resources. More than 2000 UNESCO-designated sites may be partly or entirely exposed to various natural hazards, including landslides, with potential impacts on the communities living in or near the sites, and on their livelihoods. Because of their high cultural and symbolic value, the impact of the loss or damage of a UNESCO-designated site can resonate across the world. In the domain of landslides risk reduction, UNESCO cooperates with International Consortium on Landslides to evaluate landslide risks and regional at local levels and promote good practices in landslide risk management.