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3. Imaging Descriptors of Human Papilloma Virus-mediated and Human Papilloma Virus-negative Oropharyngeal Cancers in Indian Subcontinental Patients

Author

Benjamin Barsouma Mathew, K. Madhavi, C. H. Jagadeesh Kumar, Rohan Samuel Thomas, Simon Pavamani, Rajiv Michael, and Aparna Irodi

Subjects
human papilloma virus, imaging, indian subcontinent, oropharyngeal cancer, Medicine
Abstract

Background Nearly 24,000 new cases of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) are reported per year in India, constituting 3.9% of cancers in all sites. By 2009, Human papilloma virus (HPV), in particular HPV-16, was established as an etiological factor and even a causative agent in OPCs being associated with up to 70% OPCs. Prior imaging-based studies have described certain differentiating factors between HPV-mediated and HPV-negative OPC, highlighting computed tomography and magnetic resonance characteristics that could help differentiate the two groups. Our study aimed to evaluate any imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV-mediated oropharyngeal malignancies in the Indian subcontinent population. Methods Seventy-nine patients from the Indian subcontinent who were referred to a tertiary center in southern India between the period of January 2019 to September 2020 (19 months) were included in the study. Imaging descriptors were documented by blinded radiologists, and univariate and multivariate analysis of various imaging descriptors and imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV cases were attempted to be identified. Results We found no statistically significant imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV-mediated oropharyngeal malignancies. The only epidemiologically significant difference in the two groups was that in women and nonsmokers, HPV-mediated malignancies were more common. Conclusion HPV-mediated and HPV-negative malignancies have similar primary tumor as well as nodal imaging characteristics. Previously cited differences in the two groups, in Western literature, could not be demonstrated in our population. It implores further research into whether downstaging of treatment and better prognosis of HPV-mediated malignancies is actually applicable in the Indian subcontinent setting.

Published
2024
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5. A Comparative Study of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Kurien, Regi, Varghese, Lalee, Cherian, Lisa Mary, Inja, Ranjeetha Racheal, Thampi, Manu, Chowdhary, Stuti, Bright, Rakesh R, Abraham, Lisa, Panicker, Raga, Rajendran, Nithya, Ganesan, Priya, Sahu, Shalini, Irodi, Aparna, Manesh, Abi, Peter, Jayanthi, Michael, Joy Sarojini, Thomas, Meera, Karuppusami, Reka, Varghese, George M., and Rupa, Vedantam

Published
2024
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6. Radiological Differential Diagnoses Based on Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging Patterns: Perspectives of Four Large Language Models

Author

Pradosh Kumar Sarangi, Aparna Irodi, Swaha Panda, Debasish Swapnesh Kumar Nayak, and Himel Mondal

Subjects
artificial intelligence, cardiothoracic, ChatGPT, Google Bard, Microsoft Bing, perplexity, differential diagnosis, radiologists, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Background Differential diagnosis in radiology is a critical aspect of clinical decision-making. Radiologists in the early stages may find difficulties in listing the differential diagnosis from image patterns. In this context, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new opportunities as these models have the capacity to access and contextualize extensive information from text-based input.

Published
2024
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7. Society of Chest Imaging and Interventions Consensus Guidelines for the Interventional Radiology Management of Hemoptysis

Author

Rajat Singhal, Santhosh Babu K.B, Priyanka Naranje, Junaid Kazimi, Pawan K. Garg, Daksh Chandra, Bhavesh A. Popat, Nitin S. Shetty, Ujjwal Gorsi, Leena Robinson Vimala, Pushpinder S. Khera, Aparna Irodi, Suyash Kulkarni, Shyamkumar N. Keshava, and Ashu S. Bhalla

Subjects
interventional radiology, bronchial artery embolization, guidelines, hemoptysis, life-threatening hemoptysis, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

The recommendations from the Society of Chest Imaging and Interventions expert group comprehensively cover all the aspects of management of hemoptysis, highlighting the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology. The diversity existing in etiopathology, imaging findings, and management of hemoptysis has been addressed. The management algorithm recommends the options for effective treatment while minimizing the chances of recurrence, based on the best evidence available and opinion from the experts.

Published
2023
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10. Diagnostic Value of Connective Tissue Disease Related CT Signs in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern of Interstitial Lung Disease

Author

Antony Augustine, Leena Robinson Vimala, Aparna Irodi, John Mathew, and Mini Pakkal

Subjects
usual interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease, computed tomography, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Purpose Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) can have varied etiology, with connective tissue disease (CTD) being a common known cause. The anterior upper lobe (AUL) sign, exuberant honeycombing (EHC), and straight edge (SE) sign are recently described computed tomography (CT) signs in CTD-related UIP. We test the diagnostic value of these CT signs for CTD in patients with UIP and compare the incidence of these signs between CTD-related UIP and non–CTD-related UIP. We also evaluated the interobserver agreement in detection of these CT signs. Methods Retrospective study of all patients who had UIP pattern of ILD on CT thorax done from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2019, was grouped into two: non–CTD-related UIP or CTD-related UIP. CT thorax was reviewed for the presence of these signs—AUL, SE, and EHC. The diagnostic values of these signs in diagnosing CTD-related UIP was assessed. For assessment of interobserver agreement, another radiologist reviewed a subset of 30 randomly selected cases and looked for the presence of these signs. Results Of the 156 patients included, 76 had CTD. The incidence of CT signs were significantly higher in CTD-related UIP. The specificities of AUL, EHC, and SE were 82.5, 75, and 85%, respectively. The EHC sign had highest sensitivity of 48.7%. Inclusion of more than one sign increased the specificity of diagnosis of CTD-related UIP; however, the sensitivity decreases. There was excellent interobserver agreement (0.81–0.87) for each of these signs. Conclusion The presence of SE, AUL, and EHC signs in cases with UIP pattern are specific imaging markers to diagnose underlying CTD; however, due to its low sensitivity, the absence of these signs cannot exclude the same. Because of its excellent interobserver agreement, these signs are reliable in the evaluation of CTD-related ILD.

Published
2023
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11. Multi-centre radiomics for prediction of recurrence following radical radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Consequences of feature selection, machine learning classifiers and batch-effect harmonization

Author

Varghese, Amal Joseph, Gouthamchand, Varsha, Sasidharan, Balu Krishna, Wee, Leonard, Sidhique, Sharief K, Rao, Julia Priyadarshini, Dekker, Andre, Hoebers, Frank, Devakumar, Devadhas, Irodi, Aparna, Balasingh, Timothy Peace, Godson, Henry Finlay, Joel, T, Mathew, Manu, Gunasingam Isiah, Rajesh, Pavamani, Simon Pradeep, and Thomas, Hannah Mary T

Published
2023
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12. Spontaneous pneumothorax in metastatic osteosarcoma: a case series

Author

Mathew Varghese Nellimootil, Thomas Jeo Joseph, Richa Gupta, Avinash Anil Nair, Prince James, and Aparna Irodi

Subjects
Intercostal chest drain, Osteosarcoma, Pulmonary metastasis, Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, Malignancy-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Malignancy-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (MSSP) has an incidence of 1% with a risk for recurrence of 9.4% reported in association with sarcomas, histiocytoma, malignant thymoma, and cancers of the breast and thyroid. Case presentation We report a series of four patients who presented to us with MSSP associated with pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma, all four being young males with metastasis to the lungs. All four patients were non-smokers and had no family history of malignancy. Less than 2% of all spontaneous pneumothoraxes present with bilateral pneumothorax, and our series reports the same in three patients. The occurrence of pneumothorax in two of the patients was in the week following chemotherapy. As there was evidence of pulmonary metastasis in these patients along with the clinical presentation of pneumothorax following chemotherapy, tumor necrosis was considered the likely etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in these patients. All four patients required intercostal chest drain insertion, and the ICD tubes had to be retained for a prolonged duration due to either persistent air leak or secondary infection. ICD tube insertion further compromised the poor mobility of patients with lower limb lesions due to increased pain and was detrimental to the emotional morale of the patient and caregivers. The 2-year survival in such patients with pneumothorax is less than 10%. Conclusions Our series highlights the need for respiratory evaluation and follow-up both clinically and radiologically in cases of osteosarcoma, especially in the immediate post-chemotherapy period.

Published
2022
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13. Growing Teratoma Syndrome—A Clinicoradiological Series

Author

Sheena Prineethi, Aparna Irodi, Anu Eapen, Sharon Milton, and Anjana Joel

Subjects
growing teratoma syndrome, germ cell tumor, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, mature teratoma, chemotherapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Context Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare entity seen following chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, characterized by increase in size of the metastatic deposits, with normal serum tumor markers. Aims In this article, we aim to describe the various clinicoradiological presentations of GTS treated at our center. Design All patients who satisfied the GTS criteria from 2001 to 2019 were included. Characteristic imaging appearances along with sites of primary lesion and metastatic disease, stage and risk stratification at diagnosis, details of chemotherapy, details of surgical treatment and histopathology, levels of tumor markers, serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha fetoprotein levels at baseline and at the end of all chemotherapy were analyzed. Results The significant radiological findings observed were an increase in the fat and cystic components and appearance of coarse calcifications within the lesions. Majority of the cases were male patients (87.5%) with testicular primaries and GTS transformation in nodal metastases being the most common occurrence (75%). All eight cases (100%) showed an increase in size and cystic component, whereas four out of eight cases (50%) had presence of internal septations and internal calcification. Conclusion Early recognition of this entity and clinical decision making through serial radiological imaging are of utmost importance as these growing deposits are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with complete surgical excision being the only curative and definitive treatment option.

Published
2022
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14. Balanced Steady-State Free Precision and Time of Flight Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Author

Soumya Susan Regi, Aparna Irodi, Shyamkumar N. Keshava, and Sunil Agarwal

Subjects
noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography, mra, peripheral arterial disease, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Purpose To determine the diagnostic efficacy of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) and time-of-flight (TOF)-based noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) in lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods Ten patients with suspected PAD underwent both NC-MRA (bSSFP and 2D TOF) and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA)/CT angiography (CTA). A total of 170 arterial segments (17 segments in each patient) were analyzed on NC-MRA and compared with CE-MRA/CTA for quality of images and for estimating the degree of stenoses. Image quality was graded as 1—poor, 2—fair, 3—good, and 4—excellent. The degree of stenoses was graded as 0—normal, 1— < 50% narrowing, 2— > 50% narrowing, 3—near complete/100% occlusion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of NC-MRA in identifying significant stenosis, as compared with CE-MRA/CTA, were estimated. Results a) Mean grade of the image quality of NC-MRA was 3.10 and the CE-MRA/CTA was 3.64. b) The agreement in the estimation of the degree of stenosis on NC-MRA as compared with CE-MRA/CTA was substantial in aortoiliac segments (weighted kappa 0.646 [95% CI] [0.361–0.931] [p < 0.001]), almost perfect in femoropopliteal segments (weighted kappa 0.911 [95% CI] [0.79–1.032] [p < 0.001]), and poor in infrapopliteal segments (weighted kappa 0.052 [95% CI] [0.189–0.293] [p < 0.33587]). Conclusion TOF and bSSFP-based NC-MRA was found to be comparable to the CE-MRA/CTA in the evaluation of PAD in lower limbs in the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal regions. NC-MRA was especially helpful in assessing the aortoiliac vessels and femoropopliteal vessels, with the imaging of infrapopliteal arteries being suboptimal.

Published
2022
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15. Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Same CT Dimensions, Varied Scenarios

Author

Picardo Naina, Vijeyta Dahiya, Aparna Irodi, and Ajoy Mathew Varghese

Subjects
congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis, infants, radiology, ct pns, sub labial approach, endoscopic approach, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress. We report a case series of four infants with similar radiological dimensions but while two needed surgery, two could be managed conservatively. The clinical presentation of the child and the response to conservative treatment, rather than the radiological dimensions were the main predictors for surgical intervention.

Published
2022
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17. Multi-centre radiomics for prediction of recurrence following radical radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Consequences of feature selection, machine learning classifiers and batch-effect harmonization

Author

Amal Joseph Varghese, Varsha Gouthamchand, Balu Krishna Sasidharan, Leonard Wee, Sharief K Sidhique, Julia Priyadarshini Rao, Andre Dekker, Frank Hoebers, Devadhas Devakumar, Aparna Irodi, Timothy Peace Balasingh, Henry Finlay Godson, T Joel, Manu Mathew, Rajesh Gunasingam Isiah, Simon Pradeep Pavamani, and Hannah Mary T Thomas

Subjects
Head-and-neck cancer, Radiomics, Loco-regional recurrence, Multi-institutional, Prognosis, Machine learning, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background and purpose: Radiomics models trained with limited single institution data are often not reproducible and generalisable. We developed radiomics models that predict loco-regional recurrence within two years of radiotherapy with private and public datasets and their combinations, to simulate small and multi-institutional studies and study the responsiveness of the models to feature selection, machine learning algorithms, centre-effect harmonization and increased dataset sizes. Materials and methods: 562 patients histologically confirmed and treated for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer (LA-HNC) from two public and two private datasets; one private dataset exclusively reserved for validation. Clinical contours of primary tumours were not recontoured and were used for Pyradiomics based feature extraction. ComBat harmonization was applied, and LASSO-Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were built. 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1000 bootstrapped area-under-the-Receiver-operating-curves (AUC) provided predictive performance. Responsiveness of the models’ performance to the choice of feature selection methods, ComBat harmonization, machine learning classifier, single and pooled data was evaluated. Results: LASSO and SelectKBest selected 14 and 16 features, respectively; three were overlapping. Without ComBat, the LR and SVM models for three institutional data showed AUCs (CI) of 0.513 (0.481–0.559) and 0.632 (0.586–0.665), respectively. Performances following ComBat revealed AUCs of 0.559 (0.536–0.590) and 0.662 (0.606–0.690), respectively. Compared to single cohort AUCs (0.562–0.629), SVM models from pooled data performed significantly better at AUC = 0.680. Conclusions: Multi-institutional retrospective data accentuates the existing variabilities that affect radiomics. Carefully designed prospective, multi-institutional studies and data sharing are necessary for clinically relevant head-and-neck cancer prognostication models.

Published
2023
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20. Vascular Rings and Slings

Author

Joseph, Elizabeth, Kuruvilla, Linu, Chacko, Binita, Irodi, Aparna, Rajeshkannan, Ramiah, editor, Raj, Vimal, editor, and Viswamitra, Sanjaya, editor

Published
2021
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22. The safety and tolerability of pirfenidone in Indian patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Author

Avinash Anil Nair, Richa Gupta, Prince James, Aparna Irodi, Devasahayam J Christopher, and Balamugesh Thangagunam

Subjects
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pirfenidone, pulmonary fibrosis, side effects, tolerance, usual interstitial pneumonia, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. Pirfenidone is an oral antifibrotic agent used in the treatment of IPF, and it reduces the rate of decline of lung function. However, the tolerable dose and adverse effect profile appear to be different in the Indian population. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at a tertiary care center in India between January 2015 and June 2016. All adult patients diagnosed as IPF based on multidisciplinary discussion were enrolled. Subjects with active respiratory tract infection, other end-organ failures, and drugs interacting with Pirfenidone were excluded. Data collection was done with a predesigned questionnaire at baseline. Subsequently, they were followed up telephonically every week and in-person review at 3 and 6 months. Results: The cohort has 30 patients with a mean age of 60 years ± 4.5 (standard deviation 8.9). 80% did not tolerate the recommended total dose (40 mg/kg/day or 2400 mg/kg) and the median tolerated dose was 1800 mg/day (25–30 mg/kg). 75% reported adverse events, the most common being anorexia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease in gastrointestinal (GI) reaction, followed by a rash in dermatological reactions. All these adverse effects were mild to moderate and managed with supportive care or dose reduction. None of them were severe, causing cessation of therapy. Conclusion: Pirfenidone has a lower tolerable dose and predominantly GI adverse effects in our population, and if addressed early, it can prevent cessation of treatment and better quality of life for patients.

Published
2022
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23. Feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive oesophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma – Experience from a tertiary care centre

Author

Suraj Surendran, Geet Midha, Negine Paul, Myla Yacob, Vijay Abraham, Manu Mathew, Balu Krishna Sasidharan, Rajesh Isiah Gunasingam, Simon Pradeep Pavamani, Aparna Irodi, Thenmozhi Mani, and Inian Samarasam

Subjects
minimally invasive oesophagectomy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oncological outcome, safety, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has improved the resectability and survival of operable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aimed to study if nCRT for OSCC makes minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) technically more challenging and if the peri-operative and oncological outcomes are acceptable for MIO following nCRT. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients with OSCC (cT1-2N1-2, cT3-4aN0-2) treated with nCRT and MIO between 2013 and 2019 was performed. The operative details including the technical difficulty in tumour dissection and lymphadenectomy, the post-operative complications and oncological outcomes were studied. Results: Seventy-five patients (male:female - 50:25; mean [range] age - 55.49 ± 8.43 [22–72] years; stage II - 34.7%; stage III - 37.3%; stage IVA - 28.0%) were enrolled. The concurrent chemotherapy course was completed by 25.3% of patients and the most common reason limiting the completion of chemotherapy was neutropaenia (66.0%). A thoraco-laparoscopic (n = 60) or hybrid (n = 15) McKeown's oesophagectomy with a two-field lymphadenectomy was performed. The increased surgical difficulty was reported in 41 (54.7%) patients, particularly for mid-thoracic tumours and tumours exhibiting incomplete response. The 30-day overall and major complication rate was 48.0% and 20.0%, respectively, and there was no mortality. The rate of R0 resection, pathological complete response and median lymph nodal yield were 93.3%, 48% and 8 (range: 1–25), respectively. The mean overall survival (OS) was 62.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.6–71.8) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 53.5 months (95% CI: 43.5–63.5). The 1-, 2- and 3-year OS and RFS were 89.5%, 78.8% and 64.4% and 71.1%, 61.3% and 56.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Minimally invasive McKeown's oesophagectomy is feasible and safe in patients with OSCC receiving nCRT. The radiation component of nCRT increases the degree of operative difficulty, especially in relation to the supracarinal dissection and lymphadenectomy. However, this drawback did not adversely affect the short-term surgical or the long-term oncological outcomes.

Published
2022
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24. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia: The IAEA INCAPS-COVID Study

Author

Einstein, Andrew J., Paez, Diana, Dondi, Maurizio, Better, Nathan, Cerci, Rodrigo, Dorbala, Sharmila, Pascual, Thomas N.B., Raggi, Paolo, Shaw, Leslee J., Villines, Todd C., Vitola, Joao V., Williams, Michelle C., Pynda, Yaroslav, Hinterleitner, Gerd, Lu, Yao, Morozova, Olga, Xu, Zhuoran, Hirschfeld, Cole B., Cohen, Yosef, Goebel, Benjamin, Malkovskiy, Eli, Randazzo, Michael, Choi, Andrew, Lopez-Mattei, Juan, Parwani, Purvi, Nasery, Mohammad Nawaz, Goda, Artan, Shirka, Ervina, Benlabgaa, Rabie, Bouyoucef, Salah, Medjahedi, Abdelkader, Nailli, Qais, Agolti, Mariela, Aguero, Roberto Nicolas, Alak, Maria del Carmen, Alberguina, Lucia Graciela, Arroñada, Guillermo, Astesiano, Andrea, Astesiano, Alfredo, Norton, Carolina Bas, Benteo, Pablo, Blanco, Juan, Bonelli, Juan Manuel, Bustos, Jose Javier, Cabrejas, Raul, Cachero, Jorge, Campisi, Roxana, Canderoli, Alejandro, Carames, Silvia, Carrascosa, Patrícia, Castro, Ricardo, Cendoya, Oscar, Cognigni, Luciano Martin, Collaud, Carlos, Cortes, Claudia, Courtis, Javier, Cragnolino, Daniel, Daicz, Mariana, De La Vega, Alejandro, De Maria, Silvia Teresa, Del Riego, Horacio, Dettori, Fernando, Deviggiano, Alejandro, Dragonetti, Laura, Embon, Mario, Enriquez, Ruben Emilio, Ensinas, Jorge, Faccio, Fernando, Facello, Adolfo, Garofalo, Diego, Geronazzo, Ricardo, Gonza, Natalia, Gutierrez, Lucas, Guzzo, Miguel Angel, Hasbani, Victor, Huerin, Melina, Jäger, Victor, Lewkowicz, Julio Manuel, López De Munaín, Maria Nieves A., Lotti, Jose Maria, Marquez, Alejandra, Masoli, Osvaldo, Masoli, Osvaldo Horacio, Mastrovito, Edgardo, Mayoraz, Matias, Melado, Graciela Eva, Mele, Anibal, Merani, Maria Fernanda, Meretta, Alejandro Horacio, Molteni, Susana, Montecinos, Marcos, Noguera, Eduardo, Novoa, Carlos, Sueldo, Claudio Pereyra, Ascani, Sebastian Perez, Pollono, Pablo, Pujol, Maria Paula, Radzinschi, Alejandro, Raimondi, Gustavo, Redruello, Marcela, Rodríguez, Marina, Rodríguez, Matías, Romero, Romina Lorena, Acuña, Arturo Romero, Rovaletti, Federico, San Miguel, Lucas, Solari, Lucrecia, Strada, Bruno, Traverso, Sonia, Traverzo, Sonia Simona, Espeche, Maria del Huerto Velazquez, Weihmuller, Juan Sebastian, Wolcan, Juan, Zeffiro, Susana, Sakanyan, Mari, Beuzeville, Scott, Boktor, Raef, Butler, Patrick, Calcott, Jennifer, Carr, Loretta, Chan, Virgil, Chao, Charles, Chong, Woon, Dobson, Mark, Downie, D'Arne, Dwivedi, Girish, Elison, Barry, Engela, Jean, Francis, Roslyn, Gaikwad, Anand, Basavaraj, Ashok Gangasandra, Goodwin, Bruce, Greenough, Robert, Hamilton-Craig, Christian, Hsieh, Victar, Joshi, Subodh, Lederer, Karin, Lee, Kenneth, Lee, Joseph, Magnussen, John, Mai, Nghi, Mander, Gordon, Murton, Fiona, Nandurkar, Dee, Neill, Johanne, O'Rourke, Edward, O'Sullivan, Patricia, Pandos, George, Pathmaraj, Kunthi, Pitman, Alexander, Poulter, Rohan, Premaratne, Manuja, Prior, David, Ridley, Lloyd, Rutherford, Natalie, Salehi, Hamid, Saunders, Connor, Scarlett, Luke, Seneviratne, Sujith, Shetty, Deepa, Shrestha, Ganesh, Shulman, Jonathan, Solanki, Vijay, Stanton, Tony, Stuart, Murch, Stubbs, Michael, Swainson, Ian, Taubman, Kim, Taylor, Andrew, Thomas, Paul, Unger, Steven, Upton, Anthony, Vamadevan, Shankar, Van Gaal, William, Verjans, Johan, Voutnis, Demetrius, Wayne, Victor, Wilson, Peter, Wong, David, Wong, Kirby, Younger, John, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Mirzaei, Siroos, Weiss, Konrad, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Natallia, Gheysens, Olivier, Homans, Filip, Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo, Pasquet, Agnès, Roelants, Veronique, Van De Heyning, Caroline M., Ríos, Raúl Araujo, Soldat-Stankovic, Valentina, Stankovic, Sinisa, Albernaz Siqueira, Maria Helena, Almeida, Augusto, Alves Togni, Paulo Henrique, Andrade, Jose Henrique, Andrade, Luciana, Anselmi, Carlos, Araújo, Roberta, Azevedo, Guilherme, Bezerra, Sabbrina, Biancardi, Rodrigo, Grossman, Gabriel Blacher, Brandão, Simone, Pianta, Diego Bromfman, Carreira, Lara, Castro, Bruno, Chang, Tien, Cunali, Fernando, Jr., Cury, Roberto, Dantas, Roberto, de Amorim Fernandes, Fernando, De Lorenzo, Andrea, De Macedo Filho, Robson, Erthal, Fernanda, Fernandes, Fabio, Fernandes, Juliano, De Souza, Thiago Ferreira, Alves, Wilson Furlan, Ghini, Bruno, Goncalves, Luiz, Gottlieb, Ilan, Hadlich, Marcelo, Kameoka, Vinícius, Lima, Ronaldo, Lima, Adna, Lopes, Rafael Willain, Machado e Silva, Ricardo, Magalhães, Tiago, Silva, Fábio Martins, Mastrocola, Luiz Eduardo, Medeiros, Fábio, Meneghetti, José Claudio, Naue, Vania, Naves, Danilo, Nolasco, Roberto, Nomura, Cesar, Oliveira, Joao Bruno, Paixao, Eduardo, De Carvalho, Filipe Penna, Pinto, Ibraim, Possetti, Priscila, Quinta, Mayra, Nogueira Ramos, Rodrigo Rizzo, Rocha, Ricardo, Rodrigues, Alfredo, Rodrigues, Carlos, Romantini, Leila, Sanches, Adelina, Santana, Sara, Sara da Silva, Leonardo, Schvartzman, Paulo, Matushita, Cristina Sebastião, Senra, Tiago, Shiozaki, Afonso, Menezes de Siqueira, Maria Eduarda, Siqueira, Cristiano, Smanio, Paola, Soares, Carlos Eduardo, Junior, José Soares, Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer, Spiro, Bernardo, Mesquita, Cláudio Tinoco, Torreao, Jorge, Torres, Rafael, Uellendahl, Marly, Monte, Guilherme Urpia, Veríssimo, Otávia, Cabeda, Estevan Vieira, Pedras, Felipe Villela, Waltrick, Roberto, Zapparoli, Marcello, Naseer, Hamid, Garcheva-Tsacheva, Marina, Kostadinova, Irena, Theng, Youdaline, Abikhzer, Gad, Barette, Rene, Chow, Benjamin, Dabreo, Dominique, Friedrich, Matthias, Garg, Ria, Hafez, Mohammed Nassoh, Johnson, Chris, Kiess, Marla, Leipsic, Jonathon, Leung, Eugene, Miller, Robert, Oikonomou, Anastasia, Probst, Stephan, Roifman, Idan, Small, Gary, Tandon, Vikas, Trivedi, Adwait, White, James, Zukotynski, Katherine, Canessa, Jose, Muñoz, Gabriel Castro, Concha, Carmen, Hidalgo, Pablo, Lovera, Cesar, Massardo, Teresa, Vargas, Luis Salazar, Abad, Pedro, Arturo, Harold, Ayala, Sandra, Benitez, Luis, Cadena, Alberto, Caicedo, Carlos, Moncayo, Antonio Calderón, Gomez, Sharon, Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia T., Jaimes, Claudia, Londoño, Juan, Londoño Blair, Juan Luis, Pabon, Luz, Pineda, 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Zhu, Li, Alfaro, Ana, Abrihan, Paz, Barroso, Asela, Cruz, Eric, Gomez, Marie Rhiamar, Magboo, Vincent Peter, Medina, John Michael, Obaldo, Jerry, Pastrana, Davidson, Pawhay, Christian Michael, Quinon, Alvin, Tang, Jeanelle Margareth, Tecson, Bettina, Uson, Kristine Joy, Uy, Mila, Kostkiewicz, Magdalena, Kunikowska, Jolanta, Bettencourt, Nuno, Cantinho, Guilhermina, Ferreira, Antonio, Syed, Ghulam, Arnous, Samer, Atyani, Said, Byrne, Angela, Gleeson, Tadhg, Kerins, David, Meehan, Conor, Murphy, David, Murphy, Mark, Murray, John, O'Brien, Julie, Bang, Ji-In, Bom, Henry, Cho, Sang-Geon, Hong, Chae Moon, Jang, Su Jin, Jeong, Yong Hyu, Kang, Won Jun, Kim, Ji-Young, Lee, Jaetae, Namgung, Chang Kyeong, So, Young, Won, Kyoung Sook, Majstorov, Venjamin, Vavlukis, Marija, Salobir, Barbara Gužic, Štalc, Monika, Benedek, Theodora, Benedek, Imre, Mititelu, Raluca, Stan, Claudiu Adrian, Ansheles, Alexey, Dariy, Olga, Drozdova, Olga, Gagarina, Nina, Gulyaev, Vsevolod Milyevich, Itskovich, Irina, 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Lopez, Lumbreras, Luis, Marquez-Cabeza, Juan Javier, Martin, Francisco, Martinez de Alegria, Anxo, Medina, Francisco, Canal, Maria Pedrera, Peiro, Virginia, Pubul-Nuñez, Virginia, Rayo Madrid, Juan Ignacio, Rey, Cristina Rodríguez, Perez, Ricardo Ruano, Ruiz, Joaquín, Hernández, Gertrudis Sabatel, Sevilla, Ana, Zeidán, Nahla, Nanayakkara, Damayanthi, Udugama, Chandraguptha, Simonsson, Magnus, Alkadhi, Hatem, Buechel, Ronny Ralf, Burger, Peter, Ceriani, Luca, De Boeck, Bart, Gräni, Christoph, Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, Alix, Kamani, Christel H., Kawel-Boehm, Nadine, Manka, Robert, Prior, John O., Rominger, Axel, Vallée, Jean-Paul, Khiewvan, Benjapa, Premprabha, Teerapon, Thientunyakit, Tanyaluck, Sellem, Ali, Kir, Kemal Metin, Sayman, Haluk, Sebikali, Mugisha Julius, Muyinda, Zerida, Kmetyuk, Yaroslav, Korol, Pavlo, Mykhalchenko, Olena, Pliatsek, Volodymyr, Satyr, Maryna, Albalooshi, Batool, Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed Ismail, Anderson, Jill, Bedi, Punit, Biggans, Thomas, Bularga, Anda, 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Joseph, Shah, Samir, Shah, Nishant, Shanbhag, Sujata, Sharma, Gaurav, Shayani, Steven, Shirani, Jamshid, Shivaram, Pushpa, Sigman, Steven, Simon, Mitch, Slim, Ahmad, Smith, David, Smith, Alexandra, Soman, Prem, Sood, Aditya, Srichai-Parsia, Monvadi Barbara, Streeter, James, T, Albert, Tawakol, Ahmed, Thomas, Dustin, Thompson, Randall, Torbet, Tara, Trinidad, Desiree, Ullery, Shawn, Unzek, Samuel, Uretsky, Seth, Vallurupalli, Srikanth, Verma, Vikas, Waller, Alfonso, Wang, Ellen, Ward, Parker, Weissman, Gaby, Wesbey, George, White, Kelly, Winchester, David, Wolinsky, David, Yost, Sandra, Zgaljardic, Michael, Alonso, Omar, Beretta, Mario, Ferrando, Rodolfo, Kapitan, Miguel, Mut, Fernando, Djuraev, Omoa, Rozikhodjaeva, Gulnora, Le Ngoc, Ha, Mai, Son Hong, Nguyen, Xuan Canh, Lahey, Ryan, Henry Bom, Hee-Seung, Fazel, Reza, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Keng, Felix Y.J., Rubinshtein, Ronen, Cerci, Rodrigo Julio, Vitola, João V., Choi, Andrew D., and Cohen, Yosef A.

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2021
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25. Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Testing in the United States Versus the Rest of the World

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Einstein, Andrew J., Paez, Diana, Dondi, Maurizio, Better, Nathan, Cerci, Rodrigo, Dorbala, Sharmila, Pascual, Thomas N.B., Raggi, Paolo, Shaw, Leslee J., Villines, Todd C., Vitola, Joao V., Williams, Michelle C., Pynda, Yaroslav, Hinterleitner, Gerd, Lu, Yao, Morozova, Olga, Xu, Zhuoran, Hirschfeld, Cole B., Cohen, Yosef, Goebel, Benjamin, Malkovskiy, Eli, Randazzo, Michael, Choi, Andrew, Lopez-Mattei, Juan, Parwani, Purvi, Nasery, Mohammad Nawaz, Goda, Artan, Shirka, Ervina, Benlabgaa, Rabie, Bouyoucef, Salah, Medjahedi, Abdelkader, Nailli, Qais, Agolti, Mariela, Aguero, Roberto Nicolas, Alak, Maria del Carmen, Alberguina, Lucia Graciela, Arroñada, Guillermo, Astesiano, Andrea, Astesiano, Alfredo, Norton, Carolina Bas, Benteo, Pablo, Blanco, Juan, Bonelli, Juan Manuel, Bustos, Jose Javier, Cabrejas, Raul, Cachero, Jorge, Campisi, Roxana, Canderoli, Alejandro, Carames, Silvia, Carrascosa, Patrícia, Castro, Ricardo, Cendoya, Oscar, Cognigni, Luciano Martin, Collaud, Carlos, Cortes, Claudia, Courtis, Javier, Cragnolino, Daniel, Daicz, Mariana, De La Vega, Alejandro, De Maria, Silvia Teresa, Del Riego, Horacio, Dettori, Fernando, Deviggiano, Alejandro, Dragonetti, Laura, Embon, Mario, Enriquez, Ruben Emilio, Ensinas, Jorge, Faccio, Fernando, Facello, Adolfo, Garofalo, Diego, Geronazzo, Ricardo, Gonza, Natalia, Gutierrez, Lucas, Guzzo, Miguel Angel, Hasbani, Victor, Huerin, Melina, Jäger, Victor, Lewkowicz, Julio Manuel, Nieves A López De Munaín, Maria, Lotti, Jose Maria, Marquez, Alejandra, Masoli, Osvaldo, Masoli, Osvaldo Horacio, Mastrovito, Edgardo, Mayoraz, Matias, Melado, Graciela Eva, Mele, Anibal, Merani, Maria Fernanda, Meretta, Alejandro Horacio, Molteni, Susana, Montecinos, Marcos, Noguera, Eduardo, Novoa, Carlos, Sueldo, Claudio Pereyra, Ascani, Sebastian Perez, Pollono, Pablo, Pujol, Maria Paula, Radzinschi, Alejandro, Raimondi, Gustavo, Redruello, Marcela, Rodríguez, Marina, Rodríguez, Matías, Romero, Romina Lorena, Acuña, Arturo Romero, Rovaletti, Federico, San Miguel, Lucas, Solari, Lucrecia, Strada, Bruno, Traverso, Sonia, Traverzo, Sonia Simona, Espeche, Maria del Huerto Velazquez, Weihmuller, Juan Sebastian, Wolcan, Juan, Zeffiro, Susana, Sakanyan, Mari, Beuzeville, Scott, Boktor, Raef, Butler, Patrick, Calcott, Jennifer, Carr, Loretta, Chan, Virgil, Chao, Charles, Chong, Woon, Dobson, Mark, Downie, D'Arne, Dwivedi, Girish, Elison, Barry, Engela, Jean, Francis, Roslyn, Gaikwad, Anand, Basavaraj, Ashok Gangasandra, Goodwin, Bruce, Greenough, Robert, Hamilton-Craig, Christian, Hsieh, Victar, Joshi, Subodh, Lederer, Karin, Lee, Kenneth, Lee, Joseph, Magnussen, John, Mai, Nghi, Mander, Gordon, Murton, Fiona, Nandurkar, Dee, Neill, Johanne, O'Rourke, Edward, O'Sullivan, Patricia, Pandos, George, Pathmaraj, Kunthi, Pitman, Alexander, Poulter, Rohan, Premaratne, Manuja, Prior, David, Ridley, Lloyd, Rutherford, Natalie, Salehi, Hamid, Saunders, Connor, Scarlett, Luke, Seneviratne, Sujith, Shetty, Deepa, Shrestha, Ganesh, Shulman, Jonathan, Solanki, Vijay, Stanton, Tony, Stuart, Murch, Stubbs, Michael, Swainson, Ian, Taubman, Kim, Taylor, Andrew, Thomas, Paul, Unger, Steven, Upton, Anthony, Vamadevan, Shankar, Van Gaal, William, Verjans, Johan, Voutnis, Demetrius, Wayne, Victor, Wilson, Peter, Wong, David, Wong, Kirby, Younger, John, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Mirzaei, Siroos, Weiss, Konrad, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Natallia, Gheysens, Olivier, Homans, Filip, Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo, Pasquet, Agnès, Roelants, Veronique, Van De Heyning, Caroline M., Ríos, Raúl Araujo, Soldat-Stankovic, Valentina, Stankovic, Sinisa, Albernaz Siqueira, Maria Helena, Almeida, Augusto, Alves Togni, Paulo Henrique, Andrade, Jose Henrique, Andrade, Luciana, Anselmi, Carlos, Araújo, Roberta, Azevedo, Guilherme, Bezerra, Sabbrina, Biancardi, Rodrigo, Grossman, Gabriel Blacher, Brandão, Simone, Pianta, Diego Bromfman, Carreira, Lara, Castro, Bruno, Chang, Tien, Cunali, Fernando, Jr., Cury, Roberto, Dantas, Roberto, de Amorim Fernandes, Fernando, De 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Mesquita, Cláudio Tinoco, Torreao, Jorge, Torres, Rafael, Uellendahl, Marly, Monte, Guilherme Urpia, Veríssimo, Otávia, Cabeda, Estevan Vieira, Pedras, Felipe Villela, Waltrick, Roberto, Zapparoli, Marcello, Naseer, Hamid, Garcheva-Tsacheva, Marina, Kostadinova, Irena, Theng, Youdaline, Abikhzer, Gad, Barette, Rene, Chow, Benjamin, Dabreo, Dominique, Friedrich, Matthias, Garg, Ria, Hafez, Mohammed Nassoh, Johnson, Chris, Kiess, Marla, Leipsic, Jonathon, Leung, Eugene, Miller, Robert, Oikonomou, Anastasia, Probst, Stephan, Roifman, Idan, Small, Gary, Tandon, Vikas, Trivedi, Adwait, White, James, Zukotynski, Katherine, Canessa, Jose, Muñoz, Gabriel Castro, Concha, Carmen, Hidalgo, Pablo, Lovera, Cesar, Massardo, Teresa, Vargas, Luis Salazar, Abad, Pedro, Arturo, Harold, Ayala, Sandra, Benitez, Luis, Cadena, Alberto, Caicedo, Carlos, Moncayo, Antonio Calderón, Gomez, Sharon, Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia T., Jaimes, Claudia, Londoño, Juan, Londoño Blair, Juan Luis, Pabon, Luz, Pineda, 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Sakata, Sakata Yasushi, Sarai, Masayoshi, Sato, Daisuke, Shiraishi, Shinya, Suwa, Yoshinobu, Takanami, Kentaro, Takehana, Kazuya, Taki, Junichi, Tamaki, Nagara, Taniguchi, Yasuyo, Teragawa, Hiroki, Tomizawa, Nobuo, Tsujita, Kenichi, Umeji, Kyoko, Wakabayashi, Yasushi, Yamada, Shinichiro, Yamazaki, Shinya, Yoneyama, Tatsuya, Rawashdeh, Mohammad, Batyrkhanov, Daultai, Dautov, Tairkhan, Makhdomi, Khalid, Ombati, Kevin, Alkandari, Faridah, Garashi, Masoud, Coie, Tchoyoson Lim, Rajvong, Sonexay, Kalinin, Artem, Kalnina, Marika, Haidar, Mohamad, Komiagiene, Renata, Kviecinskiene, Giedre, Mataciunas, Mindaugas, Vajauskas, Donatas, Picard, Christian, Karim, Noor Khairiah A., Reichmuth, Luise, Samuel, Anthony, Allarakha, Mohammad Aaftaab, Naojee, Ambedhkar Shantaram, Alexanderson-Rosas, Erick, Barragan, Erika, González-Montecinos, Alejandro Becerril, Cabada, Manuel, Rodriguez, Daniel Calderon, Carvajal-Juarez, Isabel, Cortés, Violeta, Cortés, Filiberto, De La Peña, Erasmo, Gama-Moreno, Manlio, González, Luis, Ramírez, Nelsy Gonzalez, Jiménez-Santos, Moisés, Matos, Luis, Monroy, Edgar, Morelos, Martha, Ornelas, Mario, Ortga Ramirez, Jose Alberto, Preciado-Anaya, Andrés, Preciado-Gutiérrez, Óscar Ulises, Barragan, Adriana Puente, Rosales Uvera, Sandra Graciela, Sandoval, Sigelinda, Tomas, Miguel Santaularia, Sierra-Galan, Lilia M., Siu, Silvia, Vallejo, Enrique, Valles, Mario, Faraggi, Marc, Sereegotov, Erdenechimeg, Ilic, Srdja, Ben-Rais, Nozha, Alaoui, Nadia Ismaili, Taleb, Sara, Myo, Khin Pa, Thu, Phyo Si, Ghimire, Ram Kumar, Rajbanshi, Bijoy, Barneveld, Peter, Glaudemans, Andor, Habets, Jesse, Koopmans, Klaas Pieter, Manders, Jeroen, Pool, Stefan, Scholte, Arthur, Scholtens, Asbjørn, Slart, Riemer, Thimister, Paul, Van Asperen, Erik-Jan, Veltman, Niels, Verschure, Derk, Wagenaar, Nils, Edmond, John, Ellis, Chris, Johnson, Kerryanne, Keenan, Ross, Hua, Shaw, Occleshaw, Christopher, Sasse, Alexander, To, Andrew, Van Pelt, Niels, Young, Calum, Cuadra, Teresa, Roque Vanegas, Hector Bladimir, Soli, Idrissa Adamou, Issoufou, Djibrillou Moussa, Ayodele, Tolulope, Madu, Chibuzo, Onimode, Yetunde, Efros-Monsen, Elen, Forsdahl, Signe Helene, Hildre Dimmen, Jenni-Mari, Jørgensen, Arve, Krohn, Isabel, Løvhaugen, Pål, Bråten, Anders Tjellaug, Al Dhuhli, Humoud, Al Kindi, Faiza, Al-Bulushi, Naeema, Jawa, Zabah, Tag, Naima, Afzal, Muhammad Shehzad, Fatima, Shazia, Younis, Muhammad Numair, Riaz, Musab, Saadullah, Mohammad, Herrera, Yariela, Lenturut-Katal, Dora, Vázquez, Manuel Castillo, Ortellado, José, Akhter, Afroza, Cao, Dianbo, Cheung, Stephen, Dai, Xu, Gong, Lianggeng, Han, Dan, Hou, Yang, Li, Caiying, Li, Tao, Li, Dong, Li, Sijin, Liu, Jinkang, Liu, Hui, Lu, Bin, Ng, Ming Yen, Sun, Kai, Tang, Gongshun, Wang, Jian, Wang, Ximing, Wang, Zhao-Qian, Wang, Yining, Wang, Yifan, Wu, Jiang, Wu, Zhifang, Xia, Liming, Xiao, Jiangxi, Xu, Lei, Yang, Youyou, Yin, Wu, Yu, Jianqun, Yuan, Li, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Longjiang, Zhang, Yong-Gao, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhu, Li, Alfaro, Ana, Abrihan, Paz, Barroso, Asela, Cruz, Eric, Gomez, Marie Rhiamar, Magboo, Vincent Peter, Medina, John Michael, Obaldo, Jerry, Pastrana, Davidson, Pawhay, Christian Michael, Quinon, Alvin, Tang, Jeanelle Margareth, Tecson, Bettina, Uson, Kristine Joy, Uy, Mila, Kostkiewicz, Magdalena, Kunikowska, Jolanta, Bettencourt, Nuno, Cantinho, Guilhermina, Ferreira, Antonio, Syed, Ghulam, Arnous, Samer, Atyani, Said, Byrne, Angela, Gleeson, Tadhg, Kerins, David, Meehan, Conor, Murphy, David, Murphy, Mark, Murray, John, O'Brien, Julie, Bang, Ji-In, Bom, Henry, Cho, Sang-Geon, Hong, Chae Moon, Jang, Su Jin, Jeong, Yong Hyu, Kang, Won Jun, Kim, Ji-Young, Lee, Jaetae, Namgung, Chang Kyeong, So, Young, Won, Kyoung Sook, Majstorov, Venjamin, Vavlukis, Marija, Salobir, Barbara Gužic, Štalc, Monika, Benedek, Theodora, Benedek, Imre, Mititelu, Raluca, Stan, Claudiu Adrian, Ansheles, Alexey, Dariy, Olga, Drozdova, Olga, Gagarina, Nina, Gulyaev, Vsevolod Milyevich, Itskovich, Irina, Karalkin, Anatoly, Kokov, Alexander, Migunova, Ekaterina, Pospelov, Viktor, Ryzhkova, Daria, Saifullina, Guzaliya, Sazonova, Svetlana, Sergienko, Vladimir, Shurupova, Irina, Trifonova, Tatjana, Ussov, Wladimir Yurievich, Vakhromeeva, Margarita, Valiullina, Nailya, Zavadovsky, Konstantin, Zhuravlev, Kirill, Alasnag, Mirvat, Okarvi, Subhani, Saranovic, Dragana Sobic, Keng, Felix, Jason See, Jia Hao, Sekar, Ramkumar, Yew, Min Sen, Vondrak, Andrej, Bejai, Shereen, Bennie, George, Bester, Ria, Engelbrecht, Gerrit, Evbuomwan, Osayande, Gongxeka, Harlem, Vuuren, Magritha Jv, Kaplan, Mitchell, Khushica, Purbhoo, Lakhi, Hoosen, Louw, Lizette, Malan, Nico, Milos, Katarina, Modiselle, Moshe, More, Stuart, Naidoo, Mathava, Scholtz, Leonie, Vangu, Mboyo, Aguadé-Bruix, Santiago, Blanco, Isabel, Cabrera, Antonio, Camarero, Alicia, Casáns-Tormo, Irene, Cuellar-Calabria, Hug, Flotats, Albert, Fuentes Cañamero, Maria Eugenia, García, María Elia, Jimenez-Heffernan, Amelia, Leta, Rubén, Diaz, Javier Lopez, Lumbreras, Luis, Marquez-Cabeza, Juan Javier, Martin, Francisco, Martinez de Alegria, Anxo, Medina, Francisco, Canal, Maria Pedrera, Peiro, Virginia, Pubul-Nuñez, Virginia, Rayo Madrid, Juan Ignacio, Rey, Cristina Rodríguez, Perez, Ricardo Ruano, Ruiz, Joaquín, Hernández, Gertrudis Sabatel, Sevilla, Ana, Zeidán, Nahla, Nanayakkara, Damayanthi, Udugama, Chandraguptha, Simonsson, Magnus, Alkadhi, Hatem, Buechel, Ronny Ralf, Burger, Peter, Ceriani, Luca, De Boeck, Bart, Gräni, Christoph, Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, Alix, Kamani, Christel H., Kawel-Boehm, Nadine, Manka, Robert, Prior, John O., Rominger, Axel, Vallée, Jean-Paul, Khiewvan, Benjapa, Premprabha, Teerapon, Thientunyakit, Tanyaluck, Sellem, Ali, Kir, Kemal Metin, Sayman, Haluk, Sebikali, Mugisha Julius, Muyinda, Zerida, Kmetyuk, Yaroslav, Korol, Pavlo, Mykhalchenko, Olena, Pliatsek, Volodymyr, Satyr, Maryna, Albalooshi, Batool, Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed Ismail, Anderson, Jill, Bedi, Punit, Biggans, Thomas, Bularga, Anda, Bull, Russell, Burgul, Rajesh, Carpenter, John-Paul, Coles, Duncan, Cusack, David, Deshpande, Aparna, Dougan, John, Fairbairn, Timothy, Farrugia, Alexia, Gopalan, Deepa, Gummow, Alistair, Ramkumar, Prasad Guntur, Hamilton, Mark, Harbinson, Mark, Hartley, Thomas, Hudson, Benjamin, Joshi, Nikhil, Kay, Michael, Kelion, Andrew, Khokhar, Azhar, Kitt, Jamie, Lee, Ken, Low, Chen, Mak, Sze Mun, Marousa, Ntouskou, Martin, Jon, Mcalindon, Elisa, Menezes, Leon, Morgan-Hughes, Gareth, Moss, Alastair, Murray, Anthony, Nicol, Edward, Patel, Dilip, Peebles, Charles, Pugliese, Francesca, Luis Rodrigues, Jonathan Carl, Rofe, Christopher, Sabharwal, Nikant, Schofield, Rebecca, Semple, Thomas, Sharma, Naveen, Strouhal, Peter, Subedi, Deepak, Topping, William, Tweed, Katharine, Weir-Mccall, Jonathan, Abbara, Suhny, Abbasi, Taimur, Abbott, Brian, Abohashem, Shady, Abramson, Sandra, Al-Abboud, Tarek, Al-Mallah, Mouaz, Almousalli, Omar, Ananthasubramaniam, Karthikeyan, Kumar, Mohan Ashok, Askew, Jeffrey, Attanasio, Lea, Balmer-Swain, Mallory, Bayer, Richard R., Bernheim, Adam, Bhatti, Sabha, Bieging, Erik, Blankstein, Ron, Bloom, Stephen, Blue, Sean, Bluemke, David, Borges, Andressa, Branch, Kelley, Bravo, Paco, Brothers, Jessica, Budoff, Matthew, Bullock-Palmer, Renée, Burandt, Angela, Burke, Floyd W., Bush, Kelvin, Candela, Candace, Capasso, Elizabeth, Cavalcante, Joao, Chang, Donald, Chatterjee, Saurav, Chatzizisis, Yiannis, Cheezum, Michael, Chen, Tiffany, Chen, Jennifer, Chen, Marcus, Clarcq, James, Cordero, Ayreen, Crim, Matthew, Danciu, Sorin, Decter, Bruce, Dhruva, Nimish, Doherty, Neil, Doukky, Rami, Dunbar, Anjori, Duvall, William, Edwards, Rachael, Esquitin, Kerry, Farah, Husam, Fentanes, Emilio, Ferencik, Maros, Fisher, Daniel, Fitzpatrick, Daniel, Foster, Cameron, Fuisz, Tony, Gannon, Michael, Gastner, Lori, Gerson, Myron, Ghoshhajra, Brian, Goldberg, Alan, Goldner, Brian, Gonzalez, Jorge, Gore, Rosco, Gracia-López, Sandra, Hage, Fadi, Haider, Agha, Haider, Sofia, Hamirani, Yasmin, 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Joseph, Shah, Samir, Shah, Nishant, Shanbhag, Sujata, Sharma, Gaurav, Shayani, Steven, Shirani, Jamshid, Shivaram, Pushpa, Sigman, Steven, Simon, Mitch, Slim, Ahmad, Smith, David, Smith, Alexandra, Soman, Prem, Sood, Aditya, Srichai-Parsia, Monvadi Barbara, Streeter, James, T, Albert, Tawakol, Ahmed, Thomas, Dustin, Thompson, Randall, Torbet, Tara, Trinidad, Desiree, Ullery, Shawn, Unzek, Samuel, Uretsky, Seth, Vallurupalli, Srikanth, Verma, Vikas, Waller, Alfonso, Wang, Ellen, Ward, Parker, Weissman, Gaby, Wesbey, George, White, Kelly, Winchester, David, Wolinsky, David, Yost, Sandra, Zgaljardic, Michael, Alonso, Omar, Beretta, Mario, Ferrando, Rodolfo, Kapitan, Miguel, Mut, Fernando, Djuraev, Omoa, Rozikhodjaeva, Gulnora, Le Ngoc, Ha, Mai, Son Hong, Nguyen, Xuan Canh, Lahey, Ryan, Choi, Andrew D., Shah, Nishant R., Bluemke, David A., Berman, Daniel S., Randazzo, Michael J., Cerci, Rodrigo J., Sinitsyn, Valentin, Nørgaard, Bjarne Linde, and Cohen, Yosef A.

Published
2021
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26. Radiological Findings of Thoracic Sarcoidosis in an Indian Cohort: A Retrospective Study

Author

Tharani Putta, Aparna Irodi, RV Leena, Binita Riya Chacko, and Devasahayam Christopher

Subjects
high resolution computed tomography, hyperdense nodes, interstitial thickening, perilymphatic nodules, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is commonly mistaken for tuberculosis in India. Imaging is of paramount importance in making a correct diagnosis, but, most of the published literature available on radiological findings of sarcoidosis is from the Western population. Aim: To study the radiological findings of thoracic sarcoidosis in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done in a tertiary hospital in Southern India after obtaining clearance from Institutional Review board and Ethics Committee (IRB Min no 6997). Ninety-six patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis between January 2001 and August 2009 based on a combination of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings were included in the study. Their chest radiographs and High-Resolution Computerised Tomography (HRCT) thorax at presentation were reviewed and radiological findings were documented on a proforma. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) software version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The HRCT was abnormal in all the study patients with lymphadenopathy seen in 87 patients (90.6%) and lung parenchymal abnormality in 92 patients (95.8%). Mediastinal nodes were more commonly seen when compared with hilar lymphadenopathy. The typical lung parenchymal findings seen were juxta-fissural or subpleural nodules and peribronchovascular nodular interstitial thickening. Late irreversible findings were seen at least focally in 43 patients (45%). The classically described upper zone lung predilection was not seen in this study. Conclusion: Paratracheal and subcarinal lymphadenopathy are more common than hilar lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis. Despite overlapping radiological findings between pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, the presence of hyperdense nodes, fissural nodularity, peribronchovascular nodular interstitial thickening with perihilar prominence of findings should favour diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Published
2021
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27. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia

Author

Takashi Kudo, MD, PhD, Ryan Lahey, MD, PhD, Cole B. Hirschfeld, MD, Michelle C. Williams, MBChB, PhD, Bin Lu, MD, PhD, Mirvat Alasnag, MD, Mona Bhatia, MD, Hee-Seung Henry Bom, MD, PhD, Tairkhan Dautov, MD, Reza Fazel, MD, MSc, Ganesan Karthikeyan, MD, Felix Y.J. Keng, MBBS, Ronen Rubinshtein, MD, Nathan Better, MBBS, Rodrigo Julio Cerci, MD, Sharmila Dorbala, MD, MPH, Paolo Raggi, MD, Leslee J. Shaw, PhD, Todd C. Villines, MD, João V. Vitola, MD, PhD, Andrew D. Choi, MD, Eli Malkovskiy, Benjamin Goebel, BS, Yosef A. Cohen, BA, Michael Randazzo, MD, Thomas N.B. Pascual, MD, Yaroslav Pynda, MSc, Maurizio Dondi, MD, PhD, Diana Paez, MD, MEd, Andrew J. Einstein, MD, PhD, Andrew J. Einstein, Diana Paez, Maurizio Dondi, Nathan Better, Rodrigo Cerci, Sharmila Dorbala, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Paolo Raggi, Leslee J. Shaw, Todd C. Villines, Joao V. Vitola, Michelle C. Williams, Yaroslav Pynda, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Olga Morozova, Zhuoran Xu, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Yosef Cohen, Benjamin Goebel, Michael Randazzo, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Mohammad Nawaz Nasery, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Rabie Benlabgaa, Salah Bouyoucef, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Nailli, Mariela Agolti, Roberto Nicolas Aguero, Maria del Carmen Alak, Lucia Graciela Alberguina, Guillermo Arroñada, Andrea Astesiano, Alfredo Astesiano, Carolina Bas Norton, Pablo Benteo, Juan Blanco, Juan Manuel Bonelli, Jose Javier Bustos, Raul Cabrejas, Jorge Cachero, Roxana Campisi, Alejandro Canderoli, Silvia Carames, Patrícia Carrascosa, Ricardo Castro, Oscar Cendoya, Luciano Martin Cognigni, Carlos Collaud, Claudia Cortes, Javier Courtis, Daniel Cragnolino, Mariana Daicz, Alejandro De La Vega, Silvia Teresa De Maria, Horacio Del Riego, Fernando Dettori, Alejandro Deviggiano, Laura Dragonetti, Mario Embon, Ruben Emilio Enriquez, Jorge Ensinas, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Diego Garofalo, Ricardo Geronazzo, Natalia Gonza, Lucas Gutierrez, Miguel Angel Guzzo, Victor Hasbani, Melina Huerin, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Maria Nieves A. López De Munaín, Jose Maria Lotti, Alejandra Marquez, Osvaldo Masoli, Osvaldo Horacio Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Matias Mayoraz, Graciela Eva Melado, Anibal Mele, Maria Fernanda Merani, Alejandro Horacio Meretta, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Eduardo Noguera, Carlos Novoa, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Sebastian Perez Ascani, Pablo Pollono, Maria Paula Pujol, Alejandro Radzinschi, Gustavo Raimondi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Matías Rodríguez, Romina Lorena Romero, Arturo Romero Acuña, Federico Rovaletti, Lucas San Miguel, Lucrecia Solari, Bruno Strada, Sonia Traverso, Sonia Simona Traverzo, Maria del Huerto Velazquez Espeche, Juan Sebastian Weihmuller, Juan Wolcan, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Patrick Butler, Jennifer Calcott, Loretta Carr, Virgil Chan, Charles Chao, Woon Chong, Mark Dobson, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Jean Engela, Roslyn Francis, Anand Gaikwad, Ashok Gangasandra Basavaraj, Bruce Goodwin, Robert Greenough, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Victar Hsieh, Subodh Joshi, Karin Lederer, Kenneth Lee, Joseph Lee, John Magnussen, Nghi Mai, Gordon Mander, Fiona Murton, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Kunthi Pathmaraj, Alexander Pitman, Rohan Poulter, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Lloyd Ridley, Natalie Rutherford, Hamid Salehi, Connor Saunders, Luke Scarlett, Sujith Seneviratne, Deepa Shetty, Ganesh Shrestha, Jonathan Shulman, Vijay Solanki, Tony Stanton, Murch Stuart, Michael Stubbs, Ian Swainson, Kim Taubman, Andrew Taylor, Paul Thomas, Steven Unger, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, William Van Gaal, Johan Verjans, Demetrius Voutnis, Victor Wayne, Peter Wilson, David Wong, Kirby Wong, John Younger, Gudrun Feuchtner, Siroos Mirzaei, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Olivier Gheysens, Filip Homans, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Agnès Pasquet, Veronique Roelants, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo Ríos, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Augusto Almeida, Paulo Henrique Alves Togni, Jose Henrique Andrade, Luciana Andrade, Carlos Anselmi, Roberta Araújo, Guilherme Azevedo, Sabbrina Bezerra, Rodrigo Biancardi, Gabriel Blacher Grossman, Simone Brandão, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Lara Carreira, Bruno Castro, Tien Chang, Fernando Cunali, Jr., Roberto Cury, Roberto Dantas, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea De Lorenzo, Robson De Macedo Filho, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira De Souza, Wilson Furlan Alves, Bruno Ghini, Luiz Goncalves, Ilan Gottlieb, Marcelo Hadlich, Vinícius Kameoka, Ronaldo Lima, Adna Lima, Rafael Willain Lopes, Ricardo Machado e Silva, Tiago Magalhães, Fábio Martins Silva, Luiz Eduardo Mastrocola, Fábio Medeiros, José Claudio Meneghetti, Vania Naue, Danilo Naves, Roberto Nolasco, Cesar Nomura, Joao Bruno Oliveira, Eduardo Paixao, Filipe Penna De Carvalho, Ibraim Pinto, Priscila Possetti, Mayra Quinta, Rodrigo Rizzo Nogueira Ramos, Ricardo Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Carlos Rodrigues, Leila Romantini, Adelina Sanches, Sara Santana, Leonardo Sara da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Afonso Shiozaki, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Cristiano Siqueira, Paola Smanio, Carlos Eduardo Soares, José Soares Junior, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Bernardo Spiro, Cláudio Tinoco Mesquita, Jorge Torreao, Rafael Torres, Marly Uellendahl, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Otávia Veríssimo, Estevan Vieira Cabeda, Felipe Villela Pedras, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Irena Kostadinova, Youdaline Theng, Gad Abikhzer, Rene Barette, Benjamin Chow, Dominique Dabreo, Matthias Friedrich, Ria Garg, Mohammed Nassoh Hafez, Chris Johnson, Marla Kiess, Jonathon Leipsic, Eugene Leung, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Stephan Probst, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Jose Canessa, Gabriel Castro Muñoz, Carmen Concha, Pablo Hidalgo, Cesar Lovera, Teresa Massardo, Luis Salazar Vargas, Pedro Abad, Harold Arturo, Sandra Ayala, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo, Antonio Calderón Moncayo, Sharon Gomez, Claudia T. Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia Jaimes, Juan Londoño, Juan Luis Londoño Blair, Luz Pabon, Mauricio Pineda, Juan Carlos Rojas, Diego Ruiz, Manuel Valencia Escobar, Andres Vasquez, Damiana Vergel, Alejandro Zuluaga, Isabel Berrocal Gamboa, Gabriel Castro, Ulises González, Ana Baric, Tonci Batinic, Maja Franceschi, Maja Hrabak Paar, Mladen Jukic, Petar Medakovic, Viktor Persic, Marina Prpic, Ante Punda, Juan Felipe Batista, Juan Manuel Gómez Lauchy, Yamile Marcos Gutierrez, Rayner Menéndez, Amalia Peix, Luis Rochela, Christoforos Panagidis, Ioannis Petrou, Vaclav Engelmann, Milan Kaminek, Vladimír Kincl, Otto Lang, Milan Simanek, Jawdat Abdulla, Morten Bøttcher, Mette Christensen, Lars Christian Gormsen, Philip Hasbak, Søren Hess, Paw Holdgaard, Allan Johansen, Kasper Kyhl, Bjarne Linde Norgaard, Kristian Altern Øvrehus, Niels Peter Rønnow Sand, Rolf Steffensen, Anders Thomassen, Bo Zerahn, Alfredo Perez, Giovanni Alejandro Escorza Velez, Mayra Sanchez Velez, Islam Shawky Abdel Aziz, Mahasen Abougabal, Taghreed Ahmed, Adel Allam, Ahmed Asfour, Mona Hassan, Alia Hassan, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sameh Kaffas, Ahmed Kandeel, Mohamed Mandour Ali, Ahmad Mansy, Hany Maurice, Sherif Nabil, Mahmoud Shaaban, Ana Camila Flores, Anne Poksi, Juhani Knuuti, Velipekka Kokkonen, Martti Larikka, Valtteri Uusitalo, Matthieu Bailly, Samuel Burg, Jean-François Deux, Vincent Habouzit, Fabien Hyafil, Olivier Lairez, Franck Proffit, Hamza Regaieg, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Vania Tacher, Roman P. Schneider, Harold Ayetey, George Angelidis, Aikaterini Archontaki, Sofia Chatziioannou, Ioannis Datseris, Christina Fragkaki, Panagiotis Georgoulias, Sophia Koukouraki, Maria Koutelou, Eleni Kyrozi, Evangelos Repasos, Petros Stavrou, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Carla Gonzalez, Goleat Gutierrez, Alejandro Maldonado, Klara Buga, Ildiko Garai, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Erzsébet Schmidt, Balint Szilveszter, Edit Várady, Nilesh Banthia, Jinendra Kumar Bhagat, Rishi Bhargava, Vivek Bhat, Mona Bhatia, Partha Choudhury, Vijay Sai Chowdekar, Aparna Irodi, Shashank Jain, Elizabeth Joseph, Sukriti Kumar, Prof Dr Girijanandan Mahapatra, Deepanjan Mitra, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Ahmad Ozair, Chetan Patel, Tapan Patel, Ravi Patel, Shivani Patel, Sudhir Saxena, Shantanu Sengupta, Santosh Singh, Bhanupriya Singh, Ashwani Sood, Atul Verma, Erwin Affandi, Padma Savenadia Alam, Edison Edison, Gani Gunawan, Habusari Hapkido, Basuki Hidayat, Aulia Huda, Anggoro Praja Mukti, Djoko Prawiro, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi, Hilman Syawaluddin, Amjed Albadr, Majid Assadi, Farshad Emami, Golnaz Houshmand, Majid Maleki, Maryam Tajik Rostami, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Eed Abu Zaid, Svetlana Agranovich, Yoav Arnson, Rachel Bar-Shalom, Alex Frenkel, Galit Knafo, Rachel Lugassi, Israel Shlomo Maor Moalem, Maya Mor, Noam Muskal, Sara Ranser, Aryeh Shalev, Domenico Albano, Pierpaolo Alongi, Gaspare Arnone, Elisa Bagatin, Sergio Baldari, Matteo Bauckneht, Paolo Bertelli, Francesco Bianco, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Roberto Boni, Andrea Bruno, Isabella Bruno, Elena Busnardo, Elena Califaretti, Luca Camoni, Aldo Carnevale, Roberta Casoni, Armando Ugo Cavallo, Giorgio Cavenaghi, Franca Chierichetti, Marcello Chiocchi, Corrado Cittanti, Mauro Colletta, Umberto Conti, Alberto Cossu, Alberto Cuocolo, Marco Cuzzocrea, Maria Luisa De Rimini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Eleonora Del Giudice, Alberico Del Torto, Veronica Della Tommasina, Rexhep Durmo, Paola Anna Erba, Laura Evangelista, Riccardo Faletti, Evelina Faragasso, Mohsen Farsad, Paola Ferro, Luigia Florimonte, Viviana Frantellizzi, Fabio Massimo Fringuelli, Marco Gatti, Angela Gaudiano, Alessia Gimelli, Raffaele Giubbini, Francesca Giuffrida, Salvatore Ialuna, Riccardo Laudicella, Lucia Leccisotti, Lucia Leva, Riccardo Liga, Carlo Liguori, Giampiero Longo, Margherita Maffione, Maria Elisabetta Mancini, Claudio Marcassa, Elisa Milan, Barbara Nardi, Sara Pacella, Giovanna Pepe, Gianluca Pontone, Sabina Pulizzi, Natale Quartuccio, Lucia Rampin, Fabrizio Ricci, Pierluigi Rossini, Giuseppe Rubini, Vincenzo Russo, Gian Mauro Sacchetti, Gianmario Sambuceti, Massimo Scarano, Roberto Sciagrà, Massimiliano Sperandio, Antonella Stefanelli, Guido Ventroni, Stefania Zoboli, Dainia Baugh, Duane Chambers, Ernest Madu, Felix Nunura, Hiroshi Asano, Chimura Misato Chimura, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Koichiro Fujisue, Tomohisa Fukunaga, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Kae Fukuyama, Jun Hashimoto, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Nobuo Iguchi, Masamichi Imai, Anri Inaki, Hayato Ishimura, Satoshi Isobe, Toshiaki Kadokami, Takao Kato, Takashi Kudo, Shinichiro Kumita, Hirotaka Maruno, Hiroyuki Mataki, Masao Miyagawa, Ryota Morimoto, Masao Moroi, Shigeki Nagamachi, Kenichi Nakajima, Tomoaki Nakata, Ryo Nakazato, Mamoru Nanasato, Masanao Naya, Takashi Norikane, Yasutoshi Ohta, Satoshi Okayama, Atsutaka Okizaki, Yoichi Otomi, Hideki Otsuka, Masaki Saito, Sakata Yasushi Sakata, Masayoshi Sarai, Daisuke Sato, Shinya Shiraishi, Yoshinobu Suwa, Kentaro Takanami, Kazuya Takehana, Junichi Taki, Nagara Tamaki, Yasuyo Taniguchi, Hiroki Teragawa, Nobuo Tomizawa, Kenichi Tsujita, Kyoko Umeji, Yasushi Wakabayashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Shinya Yamazaki, Tatsuya Yoneyama, Mohammad Rawashdeh, Daultai Batyrkhanov, Tairkhan Dautov, Khalid Makhdomi, Kevin Ombati, Faridah Alkandari, Masoud Garashi, Tchoyoson Lim Coie, Sonexay Rajvong, Artem Kalinin, Marika Kalnina, Mohamad Haidar, Renata Komiagiene, Giedre Kviecinskiene, Mindaugas Mataciunas, Donatas Vajauskas, Christian Picard, Noor Khairiah A. Karim, Luise Reichmuth, Anthony Samuel, Mohammad Aaftaab Allarakha, Ambedhkar Shantaram Naojee, Erick Alexanderson-Rosas, Erika Barragan, Alejandro Becerril González-Montecinos, Manuel Cabada, Daniel Calderon Rodriguez, Isabel Carvajal-Juarez, Violeta Cortés, Filiberto Cortés, Erasmo De La Peña, Manlio Gama-Moreno, Luis González, Nelsy Gonzalez Ramírez, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Luis Matos, Edgar Monroy, Martha Morelos, Mario Ornelas, Jose Alberto Ortga Ramirez, Andrés Preciado-Anaya, Óscar Ulises Preciado-Gutiérrez, Adriana Puente Barragan, Sandra Graciela Rosales Uvera, Sigelinda Sandoval, Miguel Santaularia Tomas, Lilia M. Sierra-Galan, Silvia Siu, Enrique Vallejo, Mario Valles, Marc Faraggi, Erdenechimeg Sereegotov, Srdja Ilic, Nozha Ben-Rais, Nadia Ismaili Alaoui, Sara Taleb, Khin Pa Pa Myo, Phyo Si Thu, Ram Kumar Ghimire, Bijoy Rajbanshi, Peter Barneveld, Andor Glaudemans, Jesse Habets, Klaas Pieter Koopmans, Jeroen Manders, Stefan Pool, Arthur Scholte, Asbjørn Scholtens, Riemer Slart, Paul Thimister, Erik-Jan Van Asperen, Niels Veltman, Derk Verschure, Nils Wagenaar, John Edmond, Chris Ellis, Kerryanne Johnson, Ross Keenan, Shaw Hua (Anthony) Kueh, Christopher Occleshaw, Alexander Sasse, Andrew To, Niels Van Pelt, Calum Young, Teresa Cuadra, Hector Bladimir Roque Vanegas, Idrissa Adamou Soli, Djibrillou Moussa Issoufou, Tolulope Ayodele, Chibuzo Madu, Yetunde Onimode, Elen Efros-Monsen, Signe Helene Forsdahl, Jenni-Mari Hildre Dimmen, Arve Jørgensen, Isabel Krohn, Pål Løvhaugen, Anders Tjellaug Bråten, Humoud Al Dhuhli, Faiza Al Kindi, Naeema Al-Bulushi, Zabah Jawa, Naima Tag, Muhammad Shehzad Afzal, Shazia Fatima, Muhammad Numair Younis, Musab Riaz, Mohammad Saadullah, Yariela Herrera, Dora Lenturut-Katal, Manuel Castillo Vázquez, José Ortellado, Afroza Akhter, Dianbo Cao, Stephen Cheung, Xu Dai, Lianggeng Gong, Dan Han, Yang Hou, Caiying Li, Tao Li, Dong Li, Sijin Li, Jinkang Liu, Hui Liu, Bin Lu, Ming Yen Ng, Kai Sun, Gongshun Tang, Jian Wang, Ximing Wang, Zhao-Qian Wang, Yining Wang, Yifan Wang, Jiang Wu, Zhifang Wu, Liming Xia, Jiangxi Xiao, Lei Xu, Youyou Yang, Wu Yin, Jianqun Yu, Li Yuan, Tong Zhang, Longjiang Zhang, Yong-Gao Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Li Zhu, Ana Alfaro, Paz Abrihan, Asela Barroso, Eric Cruz, Marie Rhiamar Gomez, Vincent Peter Magboo, John Michael Medina, Jerry Obaldo, Davidson Pastrana, Christian Michael Pawhay, Alvin Quinon, Jeanelle Margareth Tang, Bettina Tecson, Kristine Joy Uson, Mila Uy, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Jolanta Kunikowska, Nuno Bettencourt, Guilhermina Cantinho, Antonio Ferreira, Ghulam Syed, Samer Arnous, Said Atyani, Angela Byrne, Tadhg Gleeson, David Kerins, Conor Meehan, David Murphy, Mark Murphy, John Murray, Julie O'Brien, Ji-In Bang, Henry Bom, Sang-Geon Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Su Jin Jang, Yong Hyu Jeong, Won Jun Kang, Ji-Young Kim, Jaetae Lee, Chang Kyeong Namgung, Young So, Kyoung Sook Won, Venjamin Majstorov, Marija Vavlukis, Barbara Gužic Salobir, Monika Štalc, Theodora Benedek, Imre Benedek, Raluca Mititelu, Claudiu Adrian Stan, Alexey Ansheles, Olga Dariy, Olga Drozdova, Nina Gagarina, Vsevolod Milyevich Gulyaev, Irina Itskovich, Anatoly Karalkin, Alexander Kokov, Ekaterina Migunova, Viktor Pospelov, Daria Ryzhkova, Guzaliya Saifullina, Svetlana Sazonova, Vladimir Sergienko, Irina Shurupova, Tatjana Trifonova, Wladimir Yurievich Ussov, Margarita Vakhromeeva, Nailya Valiullina, Konstantin Zavadovsky, Kirill Zhuravlev, Mirvat Alasnag, Subhani Okarvi, Dragana Sobic Saranovic, Felix Keng, Jia Hao Jason See, Ramkumar Sekar, Min Sen Yew, Andrej Vondrak, Shereen Bejai, George Bennie, Ria Bester, Gerrit Engelbrecht, Osayande Evbuomwan, Harlem Gongxeka, Magritha Jv Vuuren, Mitchell Kaplan, Purbhoo Khushica, Hoosen Lakhi, Lizette Louw, Nico Malan, Katarina Milos, Moshe Modiselle, Stuart More, Mathava Naidoo, Leonie Scholtz, Mboyo Vangu, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Isabel Blanco, Antonio Cabrera, Alicia Camarero, Irene Casáns-Tormo, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Albert Flotats, Maria Eugenia Fuentes Cañamero, María Elia García, Amelia Jimenez-Heffernan, Rubén Leta, Javier Lopez Diaz, Luis Lumbreras, Juan Javier Marquez-Cabeza, Francisco Martin, Anxo Martinez de Alegria, Francisco Medina, Maria Pedrera Canal, Virginia Peiro, Virginia Pubul-Nuñez, Juan Ignacio Rayo Madrid, Cristina Rodríguez Rey, Ricardo Ruano Perez, Joaquín Ruiz, Gertrudis Sabatel Hernández, Ana Sevilla, Nahla Zeidán, Damayanthi Nanayakkara, Chandraguptha Udugama, Magnus Simonsson, Hatem Alkadhi, Ronny Ralf Buechel, Peter Burger, Luca Ceriani, Bart De Boeck, Christoph Gräni, Alix Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, Christel H. Kamani, Nadine Kawel-Boehm, Robert Manka, John O. Prior, Axel Rominger, Jean-Paul Vallée, Benjapa Khiewvan, Teerapon Premprabha, Tanyaluck Thientunyakit, Ali Sellem, Kemal Metin Kir, Haluk Sayman, Mugisha Julius Sebikali, Zerida Muyinda, Yaroslav Kmetyuk, Pavlo Korol, Olena Mykhalchenko, Volodymyr Pliatsek, Maryna Satyr, Batool Albalooshi, Mohamed Ismail Ahmed Hassan, Jill Anderson, Punit Bedi, Thomas Biggans, Anda Bularga, Russell Bull, Rajesh Burgul, John-Paul Carpenter, Duncan Coles, David Cusack, Aparna Deshpande, John Dougan, Timothy Fairbairn, Alexia Farrugia, Deepa Gopalan, Alistair Gummow, Prasad Guntur Ramkumar, Mark Hamilton, Mark Harbinson, Thomas Hartley, Benjamin Hudson, Nikhil Joshi, Michael Kay, Andrew Kelion, Azhar Khokhar, Jamie Kitt, Ken Lee, Chen Low, Sze Mun Mak, Ntouskou Marousa, Jon Martin, Elisa Mcalindon, Leon Menezes, Gareth Morgan-Hughes, Alastair Moss, Anthony Murray, Edward Nicol, Dilip Patel, Charles Peebles, Francesca Pugliese, Jonathan Carl Luis Rodrigues, Christopher Rofe, Nikant Sabharwal, Rebecca Schofield, Thomas Semple, Naveen Sharma, Peter Strouhal, Deepak Subedi, William Topping, Katharine Tweed, Jonathan Weir-Mccall, Suhny Abbara, Taimur Abbasi, Brian Abbott, Shady Abohashem, Sandra Abramson, Tarek Al-Abboud, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Omar Almousalli, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Mohan Ashok Kumar, Jeffrey Askew, Lea Attanasio, Mallory Balmer-Swain, Richard R. Bayer, Adam Bernheim, Sabha Bhatti, Erik Bieging, Ron Blankstein, Stephen Bloom, Sean Blue, David Bluemke, Andressa Borges, Kelley Branch, Paco Bravo, Jessica Brothers, Matthew Budoff, Renée Bullock-Palmer, Angela Burandt, Floyd W. Burke, Kelvin Bush, Candace Candela, Elizabeth Capasso, Joao Cavalcante, Donald Chang, Saurav Chatterjee, Yiannis Chatzizisis, Michael Cheezum, Tiffany Chen, Jennifer Chen, Marcus Chen, James Clarcq, Ayreen Cordero, Matthew Crim, Sorin Danciu, Bruce Decter, Nimish Dhruva, Neil Doherty, Rami Doukky, Anjori Dunbar, William Duvall, Rachael Edwards, Kerry Esquitin, Husam Farah, Emilio Fentanes, Maros Ferencik, Daniel Fisher, Daniel Fitzpatrick, Cameron Foster, Tony Fuisz, Michael Gannon, Lori Gastner, Myron Gerson, Brian Ghoshhajra, Alan Goldberg, Brian Goldner, Jorge Gonzalez, Rosco Gore, Sandra Gracia-López, Fadi Hage, Agha Haider, Sofia Haider, Yasmin Hamirani, Karen Hassen, Mallory Hatfield, Carolyn Hawkins, Katie Hawthorne, Nicholas Heath, Robert Hendel, Phillip Hernandez, Gregory Hill, Stephen Horgan, Jeff Huffman, Lynne Hurwitz, Ami Iskandrian, Rajesh Janardhanan, Christine Jellis, Scott Jerome, Dinesh Kalra, Summanther Kaviratne, Fernando Kay, Faith Kelly, Omar Khalique, Mona Kinkhabwala, George Kinzfogl Iii, Jacqueline Kircher, Rachael Kirkbride, Michael Kontos, Anupama Kottam, Joseph Krepp, Jay Layer, Steven H. Lee, Jeffrey Leppo, John Lesser, Steve Leung, Howard Lewin, Diana Litmanovich, Yiyan Liu, Kathleen Magurany, Jeremy Markowitz, Amanda Marn, Stephen E. Matis, Michael Mckenna, Tony Mcrae, Fernando Mendoza, Michael Merhige, David Min, Chanan Moffitt, Karen Moncher, Warren Moore, Shamil Morayati, Michael Morris, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Zorana Mrsic, Venkatesh Murthy, Prashant Nagpal, Kyle Napier, Katarina Nelson, Prabhjot Nijjar, Medhat Osman, Edward Passen, Amit Patel, Pravin Patil, Ryan Paul, Lawrence Phillips, Venkateshwar Polsani, Rajaram Poludasu, Brian Pomerantz, Thomas Porter, Ryan Prentice, Amit Pursnani, Mark Rabbat, Suresh Ramamurti, Florence Rich, Hiram Rivera Luna, Austin Robinson, Kim Robles, Cesar Rodríguez, Mark Rorie, John Rumberger, Raymond Russell, Philip Sabra, Diego Sadler, Mary Schemmer, U. Joseph Schoepf, Samir Shah, Nishant Shah, Sujata Shanbhag, Gaurav Sharma, Steven Shayani, Jamshid Shirani, Pushpa Shivaram, Steven Sigman, Mitch Simon, Ahmad Slim, David Smith, Alexandra Smith, Prem Soman, Aditya Sood, Monvadi Barbara Srichai-Parsia, James Streeter, Albert T, Ahmed Tawakol, Dustin Thomas, Randall Thompson, Tara Torbet, Desiree Trinidad, Shawn Ullery, Samuel Unzek, Seth Uretsky, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Vikas Verma, Alfonso Waller, Ellen Wang, Parker Ward, Gaby Weissman, George Wesbey, Kelly White, David Winchester, David Wolinsky, Sandra Yost, Michael Zgaljardic, Omar Alonso, Mario Beretta, Rodolfo Ferrando, Miguel Kapitan, Fernando Mut, Omoa Djuraev, Gulnora Rozikhodjaeva, Ha Le Ngoc, Son Hong Mai, and Xuan Canh Nguyen

Subjects
cardiac testing, cardiovascular disease, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted.

Published
2021
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31. Precision in endodontic therapy by novel-guided approach.

Author

Shabnam, Md, Irodi, Sujatha, Jayalakshmi, K.B, Prabhuji, Varun, Shetty, Shibani, and Singh, Neevika

Subjects
ENDODONTICS, ROOT canal treatment, PERIAPICAL periodontitis, CONE beam computed tomography, DENTAL pulp cavities, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

Guided endodontics has proven effective in treating pulp canal obliteration (PCO). However, challenges arise when dealing with limited vertical space, particularly in cases where long burs and guides are necessary. In this case report, we introduce a novel approach utilizing a sleeveless three-dimensional (3D)-printed guide, aimed at overcoming vertical space constraints while maintaining visibility and irrigation during drilling. A 22-year-old male patient presented with intermittent pain around tooth #21, diagnosed with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Employing the sleeveless 3D-printed guide alongside a long neck carbide bur, we achieved a minimally invasive access cavity up to the root canal. This technique presents a promising alternative to conventional guided endodontic approaches, particularly beneficial in cases of PCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Framework for machine learning of ct and pet radiomics to predict local failure after radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancers

Author

Devadhas Devakumar, Goutham Sunny, Krishna Balu, Stephen R Bowen, Ambily Nadaraj, L Jeyseelan, Manu Mathew, Aparna Irodi, Rajesh Isiah, Simon Pavamani, Subhashini John, and Hannah Mary T. Thomas

Subjects
computed tomography, head and neck cancer, local failure, machine learning, positron emission tomography, radiomics, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Context: Cancer Radiomics is an emerging field in medical imaging and refers to the process of converting routine radiological images that are typically qualitatively interpreted to quantifiable descriptions of the tumor phenotypes and when combined with statistical analytics can improve the accuracy of clinical outcome prediction models. However, to understand the radiomic features and their correlation to molecular changes in the tumor, first, there is a need for the development of robust image analysis methods, software tools and statistical prediction models which is often limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Aims: The aim is to build a framework for machine learning of radiomic features of planning computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) using open source radiomics and data analytics platforms to make it widely accessible to clinical groups. The framework is tested in a small cohort to predict local disease failure following radiation treatment for head-and-neck cancer (HNC). The predictors were also compared with the existing Aerts HNC radiomics signature. Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced HNC between 2017 and 2018 and 31 patients with both pre- and post-radiation CT and evaluation PET were selected. Subjects and Methods: Tumor volumes were delineated on baseline PET using the semi-automatic adaptive-threshold algorithm and propagated to CT; PyRadiomics features (total of 110 under shape/intensity/texture classes) were extracted. Two feature-selection methods were tested for model stability. Models were built based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-logistic and Ridge regression of the top pretreatment radiomic features and compared to Aerts' HNC-signature. Average model performance across all internal validation test folds was summarized by the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC). Results: Both feature selection methods selected CT features MCC (GLCM), SumEntropy (GLCM) and Sphericity (Shape) that could predict the binary failure status in the cross-validated group and achieved an AUC >0.7. However, models using Aerts' signature features (Energy, Compactness, GLRLM-GrayLevelNonUniformity and GrayLevelNonUniformity-HLH wavelet) could not achieve a clear separation between outcomes (AUC = 0.51–0.54). Conclusions: Radiomics pipeline included open-source workflows which makes it adoptable in LMIC countries. Additional independent validation of data is crucial for the implementation of radiomic models for clinical risk stratification.

Published
2021
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35. Utility of cine MRI in evaluation of cardiovascular invasion by mediastinal masses

Author

Sourav Panda, Aparna Irodi, Riya Daniel, Binita R Chacko, Leena R Vimala, and Birla R Gnanamuthu

Subjects
cardiovascular invasion, cine mri, mediastinal masses, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Background: Accurate imaging assessment of cardiovascular invasion by mediastinal masses is essential for determining surgical feasibility. This can sometimes be difficult on CT owing to limited space available in the mediastinum, resulting in mediastinal masses abutting and indenting adjacent cardiovascular structures. Cine MRI may aid in such situations by demonstrating differential mobility. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the role of cine MRI in assessing cardiovascular invasion by mediastinal masses, by evaluating sliding motion and the presence of chemical shift artifact between the mediastinal mass and apposing structures. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 44 patients with mediastinal masses, with equivocal involvement of 162 cardiovascular structures on CT scan, in whom cine MRI was done. Involvement on CT was considered equivocal when there was a loss of intervening fat plane and broad surface (>3 cm) or angle (>90°) of contact between the mediastinal mass and cardiovascular structure. The presence of either sliding movement or type 2 chemical shift artifact or both between mass and the cardiovascular structure was considered as no adherence or invasion. The absence of both the parameters was considered as the presence of invasion or adhesion. Imaging findings were correlated with intraoperative findings. Results: After excluding 25 cardiovascular structures in 7 patients, 137 cardiovascular structures whose involvement was suspected on CT were evaluated in 37 patients with mediastinal masses. In all, 31 cardiovascular structures showed invasion on MRI out of which 28 structures were invaded or adhered intraoperatively and 106 cardiovascular structures showed no invasion on MRI out of which 97 structures were intraoperatively not invaded/adhered. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of our study are 75.7%, 97% and 91.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Cine MRI can be used as an effective tool in patients with equivocal cardiovascular invasion by mediastinal masses on CT scans.

Published
2020
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36. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the thorax: Radiologic and clinicopathological correlation

Author

Aparna Irodi, Binita R Chacko, Anand Prajapati, Anne J Prabhu, Leena R Vimala, Devasahayam J Christopher, and Birla R Gnanamuthu

Subjects
anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, thorax, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Context and Aims: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the clinical presentation, computed tomography (CT) findings and anaplastic lymphoma kinase -1 (ALK-1) expression of IMT of the thorax in children and adults. We also sought to study the tumour behaviour after treatment on the follow-up imaging. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective observational study of 22 histopathologically proven cases of IMT in the thorax. The clinical parameters, CT findings, biopsy results, treatment received and follow-up were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: IMT of the thorax had diverse imaging appearances, presenting either as large invasive lung masses with or without calcifications or as smaller endobronchial lesions. Children commonly presented with long duration fever (P = 0.02) and large invasive lung masses (P = 0.026), whereas adults presented with long duration haemoptysis (P = 0.001) and endobronchial lesions or smaller lung parenchymal lesions. Calcifications were more common in children (P = 0.007). ALK-1 was positive in 40% of children and 18.2% of adults (P = 0.547). Endobronchial lesions showed a trend for ALK-1 negativity. Patients with bronchoscopic excision had local recurrence and patients with surgical wedge resection had metastatic brain lesions as compared to those with lobectomy and pneumonectomy (P = 0.0152). A patient with unresectable lung mass had malignant transformation to spindle cell sarcoma after 9.5 years. Conclusions: Thoracic IMT presents with some distinct clinical and CT findings in adults and children. The CT findings and management options have implications for prognosis. If resectable, lobectomy is a better option than wedge resection or bronchoscopic excision for preventing local recurrence and metastasis. IMT can undergo malignant transformation.

Published
2020
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38. Risk Perception, risk Involvement/Exposure and compliance to preventive measures to COVID-19 among nurses in a tertiary hospital in Asaba, Nigeria

Author

Okwudili C. Ezike, Linda C. Odikpo, Evert N. Onyia, Michel C. Egbuniwe, Ifeoma Ndubuisi, Ada C. Nwaneri, Chikodili N. Ihudiebube-splendor, Chijike C. Irodi, Sambo B. Danlami, and Amina W. Abdussalam

Subjects
History of Africa, DT1-3415, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract

Background: Covid-19 infection is a serious threat to health care workers (HCW) because it is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. Therefore, how HCW exposure to COVID 19 virus translates into risk of infection is thus critical for informing infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations. Aim: This study assessed the risk perception, risk involvement/exposure and compliance to preventive measures to COVID-19 among nurses in a tertiary hospital in Asaba Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey (Census method) was used to recruit to the study, the entire 378 nurses in a tertiary hospital in Asaba, who met the inclusion criteria. There was no sampling as the population was few. For the participatory observation of the respondents, each ward had research assistant who is a nurse selected from the unit and trained on data collection for the study. Results: A subset of the nurses (9.3%) in the study centre strongly agree that Covid-19 is a mirage, and 2.6% also agree that the pandemic does not exist, while 37.8% agree that the pandemic is being politicized. Many of the nurses 141(37.3%) had contact with the environment where Covid-19 patients were cared for. For the participatory observation, decontamination of high touch surfaces was poor in most of the units. Personal protective equipment were lacking in some medical wards as only 2(50%) of the wards had all the PPE available at the time of the study. Conclusion: Some of the infection preventive measures for Covid 19 were neglected by the nurses, and this calls for reminder in the form of posters at strategic spots in the hospital and further trainings on IPC.

Published
2022
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39. A review on health-care acquired infections of the hospital staff during routine patient’s delivery service

Author

A.A. Enaigbe and C.C. Irodi

Subjects
Control strategies, environment, Infection, health-care, hospital staff and pathogens, Science
Abstract

The health-care acquired infections (HCAIs) occur world-wide among persons undergoing medical attention in health institutions and result in unexpected long-term stay, disability and financial loses. The most predominant infections are catheter associated urinary tract, central line associated, surgical site and ventilator associated pneumonia infections. The patients are prone to infections during hospitalization from varied environmental sources, hands of health-care professionals, medical equipment and other infected patients. The frequent factors affecting patients on admission are improper hand hygiene, contact with infected patients, adverse drug events and surgical complications. Patients under health-care delivery can acquire infection disseminated from food, water, aerosols and hospital wastes. The application of personal protective equipment, routine educational interventions are common approaches that can help stop HCAIs and save lives, decrease death rate and health delivery expenses. In buttressing this, the World Health Organization (WHO) enunciated guidelines to enhance hand washing practices, infection prevention and control programme, monitored use of antibiotics and its resistance. The other measures included global adoption of efficient surveillance system and the impact of relevant stakeholders in health sectors needed to prevent and control hospital acquired infections.

Published
2021
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40. Feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive oesophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma - Experience from a tertiary care centre

Author

Surendran, Suraj, Midha, Geet, Paul, Negine, Yacob, Myla, Abraham, Vijay, Mathew, Manu, Sasidharan, Balu, Gunasingam, Rajesh, Pavamani, Simon, Irodi, Aparna, Mani, Thenmozhi, and Samarasam, Inian

Subjects
Squamous cell carcinoma -- Safety and security measures, Esophageal cancer -- Safety and security measures, Health
Abstract

Byline: Suraj. Surendran, Geet. Midha, Negine. Paul, Myla. Yacob, Vijay. Abraham, Manu. Mathew, Balu. Sasidharan, Rajesh. Gunasingam, Simon. Pavamani, Aparna. Irodi, Thenmozhi. Mani, Inian. Samarasam Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has [...]

Published
2022

41. Can the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Predict Myocardial Viability?

Author

Arpudh Michael Anandaraj, Lijo Varghe, Jesu Krupa, Binita Riya Chacko, Aparna Irodi, Leena Robinson Vimala, and Oommen Kattunilam George

Subjects
cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac viability, electrocardiography, ischaemic heart disease, magnetic resonance imaging, r wave height, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: In patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, the assessment of myocardial viability, prior to revascularisation has been shown to be of significant benefit. Most methods to assess myocardial viability such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Cardiac MRI (CMR) are not readily available in resource constrained settings. The present study sought to determine if an easily available and inexpensive tool, such as the 12-lead surface Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used as a screening tool to assess for myocardial viability. It is hypothesised that the R wave height as a marker of electrical activity would correlate with viability. Aim: To determine if the surface ECG can be used to predict myocardial viability. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Among all patients who had undergone CMR viability assessment as part of their routine care between February 2008 and October 2017, and analysis and preliminary write up was done between November 2017 and Decemeber 2018, 119 patients with previous anterior wall myocardial infarctions were identified. The 12-Lead ECGs of these patients were assessed for the height of R wave in lead V3 and sum of R wave heights in all precordial leads. Myocardial viability was assessed based on the extent of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) on CMR. Measures of diagnostic accuracy including sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated. Results: It was found that a R wave height of less than 3 mm in lead V3 was 90.3% sensitive for the detection of non viable myocardium. Similarly, when the sum of the R wave heights in all precordial leads was less than 28.5 mm, it was 93.2% sensitive for the detection of non viable myocardium. Conclusion: In patients with previous anterior wall myocardial infarctions when the R wave height was less than 3 mm in lead V3, it was 90.3 % sensitive to identify those with non viable Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD) territory. The 12-Lead ECG is therefore a sensitive, inexpensive and easily available screening test to assess for LAD territory non viability.

Published
2021
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42. Hydatid cyst in heart and lung: a rare case with a 5-year follow-up.

Author

Koshy, Sarah Ann, Nair, Avinash Anil, James, Prince, and Irodi, Aparna

Abstract

This report describes a male in his late 20s who presented with a 2-month history of recurrent haemoptysis and chest pain. A chronic infection, such as tuberculosis, was suspected. He had undergone surgical resection of an intrapericardial hydatid cyst in the past. His blood investigations showed peripheral eosinophilia, and his chest X-ray showed a cystic oval lesion in the left upper zone. A CT pulmonary angiogram revealed filling defects in the bilateral segmental and subsegmental arteries with a cystic lesion in the left upper lobe. Further workup, including bronchoalveolar lavage culture and MRI of the thorax, confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst of pulmonary echinococcosis. This case illustrates the presentation of multisystemic echinococcosis in a young male with no other risk factors, initially treated with surgical resection and antihelminthic therapy. The disease later recurred, which required prolonged medications, which brought the patient into remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Imaging protocols for CT chest: A recommendation

Author

Ashu Seith Bhalla, Abanti Das, Priyanka Naranje, Aparna Irodi, Vimal Raj, and Ankur Goyal

Subjects
computed tomography angiography, computed tomography chest, computed tomography contrast, dual energy computed tomography, low-dose computed tomography, protocol, pulmonary embolism, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) is the mainstay of diagnostic imaging evaluation of thoracic disorders. However, there are a number of CT protocols ranging from a simple non-contrast CT at one end of the spectrum, and CT perfusion as a complex protocol available only on high-end scanners.With the growing diversity, there is a pressing need for radiologists, and clinicians to have a basic understanding of the recommended CT examinations for individual indications. This brief review aims to summarise the currently prevalent CT examination protocols, including their recommended indications, as well as technical specifications for performing them.

Published
2019
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47. PHACES syndrome with moyamoya vasculopathy – a case report

Author

Sathishkumar, Dharshini, George, Renu, Irodi, Aparna, and Thomas, Maya

Abstract

“PHACES” (OMIM 606519) is a neurocutaneous disorder, and facial hemangiomas are the hallmark of this syndrome.  The syndrome encompasses posterior fossa brain malformations, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, aortic coarctation, cardiac anomalies, eye abnormalities, and sternal defects.

Published
2013

48. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Sinonasal Tumors

Author

Ashu Seith Bhalla, Galib Mirza, Smita Manchanda, Anisha Gehani, Rajeev Kumar, Arpita Sahu, Alok Thakar, and Aparna Irodi

Subjects
Oncology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

Sinonasal tumors are a relatively rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. Owing to their nonspecific presentation and rarity, they can be potentially overlooked resulting in delayed diagnosis and management, and increased patient morbidity. Imaging is crucial for the detection, staging, surgical planning, follow-up as well as surveillance of sinonasal masses, wherein computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play complementary roles. CT is better at depicting bony changes, while MRI is useful for delineating the extent of soft tissue lesion, detect perineural, intracranial, or intraorbital spread as well as differentiate trapped sinus secretions from tumor tissue. Other modalities like fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and arteriography can be selectively employed. FDG-PET is useful for metastatic workup and detection of residual/ recurrent disease. Arteriography and endovascular image-guided interventions are useful to delineate supply of vascular tumors and perform preoperative embolization. A systematic evidence-based approach to a possible case of sinonasal tumor can go a long way in streamlining the detection and management of these tumors, while optimizing the use of available healthcare resources.

Published
2023
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49. Infection control practices among nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of two selected tertiary hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria

Author

Okwudili C. Ezike, Ada C. Nwaneri, Linda C. Odikpo, Evert N. Onyia, Ngozi E. Makata, Chijike C. Irodi, and Ifeoma Ndubuisi

Subjects
Infection control, Tertiary hospital, Nurses, Handwashing, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract

Background: The first 28 days of life represent the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival because of high risk of infection and asphyxia. Thus, neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit are at high risk for health care associated infections because of their immature immune system; hence, effective infection control practices would help prevent or reduce mortalities among the neonates. Aim: The main objective of this study was to determine the infection control practices among nurses working in neonatal wards of two selected tertiary hospitals in Enugu Nigeria. Methods: Fifty-eight (58) nurses in the neonatal units of two tertiary hospitals in Enugu were recruited into this cross sectional descriptive study with participatory observational components; thus there was no sampling procedure because the population was small. Data were collected using a 14-items self-administered, semi structured, pretested questionnaire and a 68 items checklist developed by the researchers; adapted to the WHO infection control guidelines. Simple descriptive method of analysis ranging from frequency, percentage, mean scores to standard deviations and ANOVA were adopted for analysis of data obtained. Results: Majority of the nurses poorly practiced effective hand washing, but there was a good practice of proper waste disposal among the nurses. Use of physical barriers among the nurses was just fair; however, their methods of decontamination of instruments were inadequate. Analysis of variance revealed that the practices of nurses significantly differed among the various infection control strategies (F = 22.79; p

Published
2021
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50. Winslow pathway collaterals in Takayasu arteritis with middle aortic syndrome

Author

Sharath N.M. Babu, Sujith Chacko, Aparna Irodi, Elizabeth Joseph, and George Joseph

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a well-known but uncommon chronic granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects young women. Middle aortic syndrome constitutes part of the TA disease spectrum where lower body blood flow is supplemented by multiple systemic and visceral collateral pathways. One such systemic-systemic collateral pathway of particular clinical importance is the Winslow pathway which extends from the internal thoracic artery to the external iliac artery bilaterally. We present three patients with TA and middle aortic syndrome who had well-developed Winslow pathway collaterals and discuss the importance of these pathways.

Published
2019
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