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Table S1: Atomic percentage of EVs isolated from cell cultures. Mean ± SD; Table S2: Nitrogen chemical environmental analysis of EVs isolated from cell cultures. Mean ± SD; Table S3: Percentage atomic composition of EVs isolated from female control donors (n = 6) and ovarian tumor patients of different tumor grades: I (n = 8), II (n = 1), III (n = 2) and IV (n = 7). Mean ± SD; Table S4: Nitrogen composition of EVs isolated from female control donors (n = 6) and ovarian tumor patients of different tumor grades: I (n = 8), II (n = 1), III (n = 2) and IV (n = 7). Mean ± SD; Table S5: Atomic composition of EVs isolated from healthy donors (n = 10) and pancreatic tumor patients (n = 10) at diagnosis. Mean ± SD; Table S6: Nitrogen composition of EVs isolated from healthy donors (n = 10) and pancreatic tumor patients (n = 10) at diagnosis. Mean ± SD.

Small extracellular vesicle (EV) membranes display characteristic protein-lipidic composition features that are related to their cell of origin, providing valuable clues regarding their parental cell composition and real-time state. This could be especially interesting in the case of cancer cell-derived EVs, as their membranes could serve as valuable tools in liquid biopsy applications and to detect changes in the tumor malignancy. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface analysis technique able to detect every chemical element present, being also sensitive to their chemical environment. Here we explore the use of XPS as a fast technique to characterize EV membrane composition, with possible application in cancer research. Notably, we have focused on the nitrogen environment as an indicator of the relative abundance of pyridine-type bonding, primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Specifically, we have analyzed how tumoral and healthy cells have different nitrogen chemical environments that can indicate the presence or absence of malignancy. In addition, a collection of human serum samples from cancer patients and healthy donors was also analyzed. The differential XPS analysis of EVs collected from patients confirmed that the patterns of amine evolution could be related to markers of cancer disease, opening the possibility of their use as a non-invasive blood biomarker.

The disposal of single-use personal protective equipment has brought a notable environmental impact in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During these last two years, part of the global research efforts has been focused on preventing contagion using nanotechnology. This work explores the production of filter materials with electrohydrodynamic techniques using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET was chosen because it is one of the materials most commonly present in everyday waste (such as in food packaging, bags, or bottles), being the most frequently used thermoplastic polymer in the world. The influence of the electrospinning parameters on the filtering capacity of the resulting fabric was analyzed against both aerosolized submicron particles and microparticulated matter. Finally, we present a new scalable and straightforward method for manufacturing surgical masks by electrospinning and we validate their performance by simulating the standard conditions to which they are subjected to during use. The masks were successfully reprocessed to ensure that the proposed method is able to reduce the environmental impact of disposable face masks.