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2. Using deep generative neural networks to account for model errors in Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion

Author

Levy, Shiran, Hunziker, Jürg, Laloy, Eric, Irving, James, and Linde, Niklas

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Most geophysical inverse problems are nonlinear and rely upon numerical forward solvers involving discretization and simplified representations of the underlying physics. As a result, forward modeling errors are inevitable. In practice, such model errors tend to be either completely ignored, which leads to biased and over-confident inversion results, or only partly taken into account using restrictive Gaussian assumptions. Here, we rely on deep generative neural networks to learn problem-specific low-dimensional probabilistic representations of the discrepancy between high-fidelity and low-fidelity forward solvers. These representations are then used to probabilistically invert for the model error jointly with the target geophysical property field, using the computationally-cheap, low-fidelity forward solver. To this end, we combine a Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) inversion algorithm with a trained convolutional neural network of the spatial generative adversarial network (SGAN) type, whereby at each MCMC step, the simulated low-fidelity forward response is corrected using a proposed model-error realization. Considering the crosshole ground-penetrating radar traveltime tomography inverse problem, we train SGAN networks on traveltime discrepancy images between: (1) curved-ray (high fidelity) and straight-ray (low fidelity) forward solvers; and (2) finite-difference-time-domain (high fidelity) and straight-ray (low fidelity) forward solvers. We demonstrate that the SGAN is able to learn the spatial statistics of the model error and that suitable representations of both the subsurface model and model error can be recovered by MCMC. In comparison with inversion results obtained when model errors are either ignored or approximated by a Gaussian distribution, we find that our method has lower posterior parameter bias and better explains the observed traveltime data.[...], Comment: Original publication: Geophys. J. Int., 23 September 2021

Published
2021
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3. Argand Diagram

Author

Irving, James, Verrecchia, Eric P., Finkl, Charles W., Series Editor, Fairbridge, Rhodes W., Series Editor, Daya Sagar, B. S., editor, Cheng, Qiuming, editor, McKinley, Jennifer, editor, and Agterberg, Frits, editor

Published
2023
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4. The Accounting Pipeline: Insights from Professionals and Students

Author

Comunaie, Christie L., Irving, James H., and Trainor, Joseph E.

Subjects
Students -- Supply and demand -- Forecasts and trends, Pipe lines -- Forecasts and trends, Student loans -- Supply and demand, Skilled labor -- Forecasts and trends, Accounting firms -- Supply and demand -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The accounting community--from practitioners to educators to advocacy groups--has known for some time that the profession is facing a significant challenge: a shortage of skilled labor. Although the demand for [...]

Published
2023

6. Reduction of conceptual model uncertainty using ground-penetrating radar profiles: Field-demonstration for a braided-river aquifer

Author

Pirot, Guillaume, Huber, Emanuel, Irving, James, and Linde, Niklas

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Hydrogeological flow and transport strongly depend on the connectivity of subsurface properties. Uncertainty concerning the underlying geological setting, due to a lack of field data and prior knowledge, calls for an evaluation of alternative geological conceptual models. To reduce the computational costs associated with inversions (parameter estimation for a given conceptual model), it is beneficial to rank and discard unlikely conceptual models prior to inversion. Here, we demonstrate an approach based on a quantitative comparison of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sections obtained from field data with corresponding simulation results arising from various geological scenarios. The comparison is based on three global distance measures related to wavelet decomposition, multiple-point histograms, and connectivity that capture geometrical characteristics of geophysical reflection images. Using field data from the Tagliamento braided river system, Italy, we demonstrate that seven out of nine considered geological scenarios can be discarded as they produce GPR sections that are incompatible with those observed in the field. The retained scenarios reproduce important features such as cross-stratified deposits and irregular property interfaces. The most convenient distance measure of those considered is the one based on wavelet-decomposition. Direct analysis of the distances is the most intuitive and fastest way to compare scenarios.

Published
2019

9. Keratin 8 is a scaffolding and regulatory protein of ERAD complexes

Author

Pranke, Iwona Maria, Chevalier, Benoit, Premchandar, Aiswarya, Baatallah, Nesrine, Tomaszewski, Kamil F., Bitam, Sara, Tondelier, Danielle, Golec, Anita, Stolk, Jan, Lukacs, Gergely L., Hiemstra, Pieter S., Dadlez, Michal, Lomas, David A., Irving, James A., Delaunay-Moisan, Agnes, van Anken, Eelco, Hinzpeter, Alexandre, Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle, and Edelman, Aleksander

Published
2022
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13. Community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England from April to November, 2020: results from the ONS Coronavirus Infection Survey

Author

Pouwels, Koen B., Walker, A. Sarah, Crook, Derrick, Matthews, Philippa C., Peto, Tim, Pritchard, Emma, Stoesser, Nicole, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Howarth, Alison, Doherty, George, Kavanagh, James, Chau, Kevin K., Hatch, Stephanie B., Ebner, Daniel, Martins Ferreira, Lucas, Christott, Thomas, Marsden, Brian D., Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Hoosdally, Sarah, Cornall, Richard, Stuart, David I., Screaton, Gavin, Eyre, David, Bell, John, Cox, Stuart, Paddon, Kevin, James, Tim, House, Thomas, Newton, John N., Robotham, Julie V., Birrell, Paul, Jordan, Helena, Sheppard, Tim, Athey, Graham, Moody, Dan, Curry, Leigh, Brereton, Pamela, Hay, Jodie, Vansteenhouse, Harper, Bell, Iain, Diamond, Ian, Lambert, Alex, Benton, Pete, Rourke, Emma, Hawkes, Stacey, Henry, Sarah, Scruton, James, Stokes, Peter, Thomas, Tina, Allen, John, Black, Russell, Bovill, Heather, Braunholtz, David, Brown, Dominic, Collyer, Sarah, Crees, Megan, Daglish, Colin, Davies, Byron, Donnarumma, Hannah, Douglas-Mann, Julia, Felton, Antonio, Finselbach, Hannah, Fordham, Eleanor, Ipser, Alberta, Jenkins, Joe, Jones, Joel, Kent, Katherine, Kerai, Geeta, Lloyd, Lina, Masding, Victoria, Osborn, Ellie, Patel, Alpi, Pereira, Elizabeth, Pett, Tristan, Randall, Melissa, Reeve, Donna, Shah, Palvi, Snook, Ruth, Studley, Ruth, Sutherland, Esther, Swinn, Eliza, Thomas, Heledd, Tudor, Anna, Weston, Joshua, Leib, Shayla, Tierney, James, Farkas, Gabor, Cobb, Raf, Van Galen, Folkert, Compton, Lewis, Irving, James, Clarke, John, Mullis, Rachel, Ireland, Lorraine, Airimitoaie, Diana, Nash, Charlotte, Cox, Danielle, Fisher, Sarah, Moore, Zoe, McLean, James, Kerby, Matt, Pouwels, Koen B, Robotham, Julie V, Birrell, Paul J, Gelman, Andrew, Bowers, Nikola, Boreham, Ian, Lewis, James, Bell, John I, Newton, John N, Farrar, Jeremy, and Walker, Ann Sarah

Published
2021
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15. Managing noise, change, and emerging risks: Rethink your enterprise risk process and apply new tools to get better at managing emerging and disruptive risks.

Author

Walker, Paul L. and Irving, James H.

Subjects
Statistical models -- Usage, Crowdsourcing -- Usage, Artificial intelligence -- Usage, Workshops (Production) -- Usage, Risk management -- Methods, Risk management, Artificial intelligence
Abstract

It is a noisy, risky world out there for organizations today. On top of all the digital disruption and change of the last few years, the world was blindsided by [...]

Published
2021

16. How does AA's 12 Steps and membership of the Fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous work for addressing drinking problems?

Author

Irving, James Graeme, Shute, Jonathan, and Seddon, Toby

Subjects
362.292, Alcoholism, Recovery, Desistance, 12 Steps
Abstract

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the world’s largest and most recognisable recovery ‘program’, and central to its philosophy is the 12 Step Program. AA is a global organisation of 2.2 million members worldwide (AAWS, 2001), with a reported 3,600 weekly meetings in the United Kingdom (AAWS, 2011). AA has made many claims in their literature about the program’s effectiveness (AAWS, 2001: 84). Alcoholism is associated with a number of very serious health and social problems, including involvement in crime (Finney 2004; Fitzpatrick, 2010; Alcohol Reduction Strategy 2003). As fiscal pressure mounts, groups such as AA will be of interest to policy makers. Through an analysis of interviews with twenty long-term abstinent members of Alcoholics Anonymous, the thesis seeks to explain the effects of participation in AA’s therapeutic practices. Evidence from the literature on AA, revealed three concepts key to understanding participation in AA: Motivation to Engage (MtE), Structured Social Engagement (SSE), and Personal Agency (PA). A hypothetical model of AA-mediated behavioural change, constituted by these elements, was constructed and the findings supported this putative model. Further analysis revealed the coping strategies members of AA employed that ensured engagement with AA during stressful life events that threatened abstinence. The model was adapted to incorporate the temporal effects of long-term engagement with AA. Elements of Maruna’s (2001: 73) Condemnation Script resonated in the narratives of AA members. Contra Maruna’s analysis, AA members accepted ‘condemnation script’, but these were not negative, limiting beliefs. AA’s therapeutic practices structure, a coherent sense of self, one that supports cessation from negative patterns of drinking. The data exposed the sustained usage of AA’s discourse in the narrative accounts given. This finding extends Borkman’s (1976) Experiential Knowledge thesis, a language of ‘truth’ based on personal experience. The ‘linguistic echoes’ embedded in each narrative, suggests that a person uses AA’s discourse to ‘scaffold’ their recovery. This thesis provides an explanation of AA’s therapeutic practices of how adherence to AA’s principles, cognitively restructures the individual towards mastering self-control. AA’s philosophy and the following empirical evidence asserts abstinence as pre-requisite for recovery from alcohol dependence.

Published
2015

17. Systemic Dosing of Virus-derived Serpin Improves Survival and Immunothrombotic Damage in Murine Colitis

Author

Zhang, Liqiang, primary, Turk, Julie R, additional, Monder, Henna, additional, Woodrow, Cheyanne R, additional, Spaccarelli, Laurel, additional, Garg, Aman, additional, Schlievert, Jessika, additional, Elmadbouly, Nora, additional, Dupati, Aashika, additional, Kilbourne, Jacqueline, additional, Lowe, Kenneth M, additional, Aliskevich, Emily, additional, Satyanarayanan, Ritvik S, additional, Saju, Rohan, additional, Hamada, Mostafa, additional, Pinteric, Aubrey, additional, Zanetti, Isabela Rivabem, additional, Enow, Junior, additional, Florsheim, Esther Borges, additional, Rahman, Masmudur, additional, Irving, James A, additional, McFadden, Grant, additional, Kong, Wei, additional, and Lucas, Alexandra R, additional

Published
2024
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18. A novel pathological mutant reveals the role of torsional flexibility in the serpin breach in adoption of an aggregation‐prone intermediate.

Author

Kamuda, Kamila, Ronzoni, Riccardo, Majumdar, Avik, Guan, Fiona H. X., Irving, James A., and Lomas, David A.

Subjects
CELL analysis, X-ray crystallography, ACTIVATION energy, ENDOPLASMIC reticulum, POLYMERIZATION
Abstract

Mutants of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin cause the protein to self‐associate and form ordered aggregates ('polymers') that are retained within hepatocytes, resulting in a predisposition to the development of liver disease. The associated reduction in secretion, and for some mutants, impairment of function, leads to a failure to protect lung tissue against proteases released during the inflammatory response and an increased risk of emphysema. We report here a novel deficiency mutation (Gly192Cys), that we name the Sydney variant, identified in a patient in heterozygosity with the Z allele (Glu342Lys). Cellular analysis revealed that the novel variant was mostly retained as insoluble polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum. The basis for this behaviour was investigated using biophysical and structural techniques. The variant showed a 40% reduction in inhibitory activity and a reduced stability as assessed by thermal unfolding experiments. Polymerisation involves adoption of an aggregation‐prone intermediate and paradoxically the energy barrier for transition to this state was increased by 16% for the Gly192Cys variant with respect to the wild‐type protein. However, with activation to the intermediate state, polymerisation occurred at a 3.8‐fold faster rate overall. X‐ray crystallography provided two crystal structures of the Gly192Cys variant, revealing perturbation within the 'breach' region with Cys192 in two different orientations: in one structure it faces towards the hydrophobic core while in the second it is solvent‐exposed. This orientational heterogeneity was confirmed by PEGylation. These data show the critical role of the torsional freedom imparted by Gly192 in inhibitory activity and stability against polymerisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Accounting Education at a Crossroads: Does a Drop in Enrollment Foretell a Decline in the Marketplace?

Author

Gabbin, Alexander L., Irving, James H., and Shifflett, Eileen M.

Subjects
College enrollment -- Statistics, Universities and colleges -- Surveys -- United States, Accounting -- Study and teaching, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

IN BRIEF The authors' university has seen a significant drop in accounting enrollment from 2015 to 2019. The results of a survey by the authors suggest that this trend is [...]

Published
2020

23. School-Wide Assessment: The Big Picture.

Author

New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington., Irving, James, Irving, James, and New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington.

Abstract

This publication focuses on the major issues and requirements that schools need to consider in developing an effective schoolwide assessment program. It is the first in a series on assessment by the New Zealand Council for Educational Research. The primary purpose in developing an effective schoolwide assessment program must be to improve students' learning. A secondary purpose is to help monitor the school's effectiveness. To achieve these purposes, it is necessary to have the valid and reliable information about the ongoing performance of students that a good schoolwide assessment program provides. The following chapters are included: (1) "The Basic Questions"; (2) "Why a School-Wide Assessment Programme?"; (3) "Understanding the Big Picture"; (4) "National Monitoring and Assessment"; (5) "Meeting National Assessment Requirements"; (6) "Planning for School-Wide Assessment"; (7) "The Place of Professional Judgment"; (8) "Achievement Objectives and Assessment"; (9) "Recording and Reporting on Achievement"; (10) "Managing Change in the School"; and (11) "Conclusion." (Contains 3 figures and 39 references.) (SLD)

Published
1997

24. Development of a small molecule that corrects misfolding and increases secretion of Z α1‐antitrypsin

Author

Lomas, David A, Irving, James A, Arico‐Muendel, Christopher, Belyanskaya, Svetlana, Brewster, Andrew, Brown, Murray, Chung, Chun‐wa, Dave, Hitesh, Denis, Alexis, Dodic, Nerina, Dossang, Anthony, Eddershaw, Peter, Klimaszewska, Diana, Haq, Imran, Holmes, Duncan S, Hutchinson, Jonathan P, Jagger, Alistair M, Jakhria, Toral, Jigorel, Emilie, Liddle, John, Lind, Ken, Marciniak, Stefan J, Messer, Jeff, Neu, Margaret, Olszewski, Allison, Ordonez, Adriana, Ronzoni, Riccardo, Rowedder, James, Rüdiger, Martin, Skinner, Steve, Smith, Kathrine J, Terry, Rebecca, Trottet, Lionel, Uings, Iain, Wilson, Steve, Zhu, Zhengrong, and Pearce, Andrew C

Published
2021
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28. Serpinopathies

Author

Lomas, David A., primary, Irving, James A., additional, and Gooptu, Bibek, additional

Published
2019
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29. The Challenge of Accounting for Goodwill: Impact of a Possible Return to Amortization

Author

Betancourt, Luis and Irving, James H.

Subjects
Financial statements, Accounting departments, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

In Brief Determining how to account for the goodwill found in business combinations has been a hotly debated topic for decades. Standards setters have promulgated numerous different approaches over time, [...]

Published
2019

32. Comprehensive Clinical Diagnostic Pipelines Reveal New Variants in Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

Author

Ottaviani, Stefania, primary, Bartoli, Giulia, additional, Carroll, Tomás P, additional, Gangemi, Fabrizio, additional, Balderacchi, Alice M, additional, Barzon, Valentina, additional, Corino, Alessandra, additional, Piloni, Davide, additional, McElvaney, Noel G., additional, Corsico, Angelo G, additional, Irving, James A, additional, Fra, Annamaria, additional, and Ferrarotti, Ilaria, additional

Published
2023
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41. Prestack Least-Squares Reverse Time Migration With an Exact Adjoint Operator for Ground-Penetrating Radar

Author

Xu, Linan, Irving, James, and Holliger, Klaus

Abstract

This study develops prestack least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) for high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) imaging and compares its performance to standard RTM. We use the Born approximation to derive the LSRTM forward operator and we use matrix operations to determine its exact adjoint. Tests on synthetic data confirm that LSRTM outperforms both prestack and poststack RTM in terms of resolution and thus significantly improves the visibility of fine-scale structures. Furthermore, the exact adjoint operator is shown to facilitate faster convergence and lead to a lower data misfit. Although LSRTM entails higher computational costs than standard RTM, we demonstrate that accelerated computing with graphic processing unit (GPU) devices can make it remarkably affordable for 2-D GPR imaging, thereby opening avenues for future applications in 3-D.

Published
2024
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42. Reconstruction of Missing GPR Data Using Multiple-Point Statistical Simulation

Author

Zhang, Chongmin, Gravey, Mathieu, Mariethoz, Gregoire, and Irving, James

Abstract

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a powerful geophysical tool for efficient, high-resolution mapping of the shallow subsurface. Because of physical and economical limitations, a commonly encountered issue is that the corresponding profiles are incomplete in the sense that measurements are desired where they do not exist for data visualization, interpretation, and imaging. Such missing data may result, for example, from regions along the profile where surveying is not possible; from measurements being collected at a regular interval in time but not in space; or from the choice of a large measurement spacing to favor data coverage over quality. Although a number of methods have been proposed for the interpolation of GPR data to tackle this problem, they typically suffer from rather simplistic assumptions that are not satisfied for many GPR datasets. To address these shortcomings, we consider in this article a novel GPR data reconstruction strategy based on multiple-point geostatistics, where missing GPR data are stochastically simulated and conditioned on existing measurements and patterns observed in a representative training image. A key feature in our approach is the consideration of a multivariate image containing both continuous and categorical GPR reflection amplitude data, which helps to guide the simulations toward realistic structures. To demonstrate the power of this single strategy for multiple data reconstruction needs, we show its successful application to a variety of examples in the context of three problems: gap-filling, trace-spacing regularization, and trace densification.

Published
2024
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47. List of Contributors

Author

Alam, Samuel, primary, Gooptu, Bibek, additional, Hill, Marian, additional, Irving, James A., additional, Jagger, Alistair, additional, Janciauskiene, Sabina, additional, Kalsheker, Noor, additional, Lomas, David A., additional, Mahadeva, Ravi, additional, Parr, David, additional, Rashid, S. Tamir, additional, Sandhaus, Robert A., additional, Stockley, Robert, additional, Stolk, Jan, additional, Stoller, James K., additional, Strange, Charlie, additional, Sveger, Tomas, additional, Teckman, Jeffrey H., additional, and Turner, Alice, additional

Published
2017
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50. A small molecule chaperone for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease reduces liver polymer burden in the PiZ mouse model

Author

Handyside, Britta, primary, Zhang, Lening, additional, Ngo, Katina, additional, Murphy, Ryan, additional, Chen, Joseph, additional, Galicia, Nicole, additional, Gorostiza, Olivia, additional, Pacheco, Glenn, additional, Xie, Lin, additional, Mackenzie, Donald, additional, Jones, Heidi, additional, Heglar, Brian, additional, Wang, Bing, additional, Bhagwat, Shripad, additional, Lomas, David, additional, Irving, James, additional, Ronzoni, Riccardo, additional, Bullens, Sherry, additional, Fong, Sylvia, additional, and Bunting, Stuart, additional

Published
2022
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