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193 results on '"Irwin, Kathleen L"'

1. Attitudes about vaccines to prevent Ebola virus disease in Guinea at the end of a large Ebola epidemic: Results of a national household survey

Author

Irwin, Kathleen L., Jalloh, Mohamed F., Corker, Jamaica, Alpha Mahmoud, Barry, Robinson, Susan J., Li, Wenshu, James, Nyuma E., Sellu, Musa, Jalloh, Mohammad B., Diallo, Alpha Ahmadou, Tracy, LaRee, Hajjeh, Rana, VanSteelandt, Amanda, Bunnell, Rebecca, Martel, Lise, Raghunathan, Pratima L., and Marston, Barbara

Published
2017
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16. Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Subtype A Infection in a New York Community with High HIV Prevalence: A Sentinel Site for Monitoring HIV Genetic Diversity in North America

Author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Bronx Lebanon HIV Serosurvey Team, Irwin, Kathleen L., Pau, Chou-Pong, Lupo, Davis, Pienazek, Danuta, Luo, Chi-Cheng, Olivo, Noemi, Rayfield, Mark, Hu, Dale J., Weber, J. Todd, Respess, Richard A., Janssen, Robert, Minor, Patrick, and Ernst, Jerome

Published
1997

21. Provision of sexual health services to adolescent enrollees in Medicaid managed care

Author

Lafferty, William E., Downey, Lois, Holan, Christine M., Lind, Alice, Kassler, William, Tao, Guoyu, and Irwin, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Sexually transmitted diseases -- Prevention, Company services, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. This Seattle project measured sexual health services provided to 1112 Medicaid managed care enrollees aged 14 to 18 years. Methods. Three health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that provide Medicaid services for a capitated rate agreed to participate. These included a non-profit staff-model HMO, a for-profit independent practice association (IPA), and a nonprofit alliance of community clinics. Analyses used health maintenance organizations' administrative data, chart reviews, and Medicaid encounter data. Results. Health maintenance organizations provided primary care to 54% and well care to 20% of Medicaid enrollees. Girls were more likely than boys to have their sexual history taken or to be given condom counseling. Only 27% of sexually active girls were tested for chlamydia, with significantly lower rates of testing among those who spoke English as a second language. The nonprofit staff-model plan outperformed the forprofit independent practice association on most measures. Conclusions. Substantial room for improvement exists in sexual health services delivery to adolescent Medicaid managed care enrollees.

Published
2002

22. Chlamydia infection in women: bad news, good news, and next steps

Author

Teran, Silvia, Walsh, Cathleen, and Irwin, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Chlamydia trachomatis -- Prevention, Family and marriage, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

Issues concerning the prevention and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection are discussed. Consideration must be given to the obstacles to and facilitators of routine screening of women in danger from chlamydia infection and to assessing the role of screening in minimizing prevalence rates.

Published
2001

27. Improving delivery of STD prevention and control services: recommendations for purchasers of health care benefits

Author

Blake, Sarah C., Kassler, William, Irwin, Kathleen L., and Levi, Jeffrey

Subjects
Medical advice systems -- Services, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Prevention, Business, Human resources and labor relations, Insurance
Abstract

Measures taken to prevent and control Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) services are represented, managed by public health agencies. Most of the STD clinics have been closed, privatized, or became a part of health plan network. In clinical practices and procedures of administration care for public health standard for STD was reflected. To care health benefits, purchasers were recommended about STD clinics.

Published
2005

30. Intersecting epidemics - crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults

Author

Edlin, Brian R., Irwin, Kathleen L., Faruque, Sairus, McCoy, Clyde B., Word, Carl, Serrano, Yolanda, Inciardi, James A., Bowser, Benjamin P., Schilling, Robert F., and Holmberg, Scott D.

Subjects
Crack (Drug) -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Risk factors, Young adults -- Health aspects
Abstract

Smoking crack cocaine may promote the heterosexual transmission of HIV by increasing high-risk sexual practices such as having sex without using a condom for protection and exchanging sex for drugs or money. A study of 1967 persons recruited from the streets of San Francisco, Miami, and New York who had never injected drugs found that 15.7% of 1137 crack smokers were HIV positive. Only 5.2% of nonsmokers of crack were HIV positive. Rates of HIV positivity were highest among crack smoking women: 30% in New York and 23% in Miami. Heterosexual transmission of HIV may be quite high in low-income minority communities, because high rates of crack smoking and HIV exist in these places. The high rate of sexually transmitted diseases among crack smokers in these communities may facilitate transmission of HIV. Aggressive interventions may be needed to prevent further transmission of HIV by preventing addiction to crack, treating those who are addicted, and lowering the rate of high-risk sexual practices among crack smokers.

Published
1994

31. Combating the silent chlamydia epidemic. (Combating Chlamydia)

Author

Walsh, Cathleen M. and Irwin, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Chlamydia infections -- Care and treatment, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Early diagnosis and treatment could drastically reduce the high medical, psychosocial, and economic costs of chlamydial infections. So why are screening rates so low--especially in disproportionately affected younger women--and what [...]

Published
2002

37. The high-risk sexual practices of crack-smoking sex workers recruited from the streets of three American cities

Author

Jones, Diana L., Irwin, Kathleen L., Inciardi, James, Bowser, Benjamin, Schilling, Robert, Word, Carl, Evans, Patricia, Faruque, Sairus, McCoy, H. Virginia, and Edlin, Brian R.

Subjects
Prostitutes -- Sexual behavior, Drug addicts -- Sexual behavior, Crack (Drug) -- Usage, Health
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Small ethnographic and clinic-based studies indicate that crack-smoking sex workers are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Study Goals: To examine the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and HIV and STD in a large sample of street-recruited crack-smoking sex workers. Study Design: From 1991 to 1992, 419 crack-smoking sex workers were recruited from urban neighborhoods, interviewed, and serologically tested. Results: Many female and male sex workers reported sex with injectors (30% to 41%) or HIV-infected persons (8% to 19%), past STD (73% to 93%), and inconsistent condom use ([is greather than] 50% for all types of sex). Sex workers who worked in crack houses or vacant lots, were paid with crack, or injected drugs had the riskiest sex practices. Most sex workers initiated sex work before they first smoked crack. More than 25% were infected with HIV (27.9%), syphilis (37.5%), or herpes simplex virus type 2 (66.8%). Conclusions: Interventions to prevent HIV/STD transmission among crack-smoking sex workers are urgently needed., Female prostitutes who use crack cocaine often engage in risky sex behaviors that put them at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Many of these women trade sex for crack or sex for money to buy crack. A survey of 419 crack-using prostitutes in three American cities found that many had sex with intravenous drug addicts or people known to be HIV-positive. Many have a history of a STD and most did not use condoms consistently. Twenty-eight percent were infected with HIV, 37% with syphilis and 67% with herpes simplex virus type 2.

Published
1998

43. Combating Chlamydia: Women's Health: combating the silent chlamydia epidemic

Author

Walsh, Cathleen M. and Irwin, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Women -- Health aspects, Chlamydia infections -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Health, Health care industry, Diagnosis, Care and treatment
Abstract

Early diagnosis and treatment could drastically reduce the high medical, psychosocial, and economic costs of chlamydial infections. So why are screening rates so low--especially in disproportionately affected younger women--and what [...]

Published
2002

45. Screening practices for cervical and breast cáncer in Costa Rica

Author

Irwin, Kathleen L., Oberle, Mark W., and Rosero Bixby, Luis

Subjects
cancer cervical, detección del cáncer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, factores de riesgo, cáncer de mama, screening strategies
Abstract

Cervical cancer and breast cancer are leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Costa Rica. This article reports results of an evaluation of cervical and breast cancer screening practices among Costa Rican women 25 to 58 years old that was based on a nationwide 1984-1985 survey. The evaluation showed that while Pap smears were widely used to screen for cervical cancer, many women did not have their first cervical smear or gynecologic examination until age 30, and that cervical cancer screening was less common among certain high-risk groups, including women with multiple sexual partners and those with high parity. Less than half the women surveyed reported having had a breast examination by a health care provider. Utilization of both cervical cancer and breast cancer screening examinations could be increased by targeting inadequately screened high-risk women through the existing health care system Instituto de investigaciones en Salud Universidad de Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA)

Published
1991

46. Estudios de detección selectiva del cáncer de cérvix y del cáncer de mama en Costa Rica

Author

Irwin, Kathleen L., Oberle, Mark W., and Rosero Bixby, Luis

Subjects
cáncer cervical, Diagnóstico de cáncer, Cáncer, cáncer de mama
Abstract

artículo -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1990 El cáncer de cuello uterino (cáncer de cervix) y el cáncer de mama son las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad femenina por cáncer en Costa Rica. Se evaluaron los intentos de detección de estos dos tipos de cáncer en las mujeres costarricenses de 25 a 58 años a partir de los datos de una encuesta nacional realizada en 1984 y 1985. El frotis de cuello uterino (trot-is cervical) es un método muy utilizado para detectar el cáncer de cervix, y 83,5% de las mujeres señalaron que se habían hecho por lo menos un frotis. Sin embargo, más de un tercio no se habían hecho el primer frotis o la primera explicación ginecóloga hasta los 30 años, mucho después de la edad media de la primeras relaciones sexuales. Las pruebas de detección fueron menos comunes en grupos de mujeres de alto riesgo de cáncer de cervix, incluidas las que tenían múltiples compañeros sexuales y las que habían tenido varios años. Un analisis de casos y testigos revelo que el riesgo de cáncer invasor en las mujeres que se habían hecho un frotis cervical era alrededor de la mitad del riesgo correspondiente en las mujeres que no se habían hecho ningún frotis. Menos de la mitad de las mujeres señalan que se habían hecho explorar las mamas por un profesional a que habían practicado la autoexploracion mamaria. Las mujeres mayores de 50 años, que por su edad se encuentran en el grupo más expuesto al cáncer de mama, eran las que con menor frecuencia se habían sometido a ambos tipos de exploración. Se podría aumentar la frecuencia de sus pruebas de detección de los cánceres de cervix y de mama prestando especial atención, por medio del sistema de servicios de salud existente, a las mujeres de los grupos de alto riesgo que no se hayan sometido a suficientes exploraciones. Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA)

Published
1990

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