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The Cooperative Script Method (CSM) has gained prominence as an instructional approach that enhances key student skills, including self-confidence and public speaking abilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CSM on students' self-confidence and public speaking skills. The research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Anwar Sarang using a quantitative approach, involving 37 purposively selected fifth-grade students. Data were collected through questionnaires, complemented by in-depth observations, and analyzed using linear regression and the Sobel test. The results indicated that CSM significantly enhances students' self-confidence (p

Integration of gold nanoparticles onto electrochemical biosensor electrodes has been widely conducted to improve the performance of biosensors. Gold nanospikes (AuNS), as one of the gold nanoparticle morphologies, can be integrated into biosensors through electrodeposition and has the potential to immobilize bioreceptor on biosensors using the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. This paper examines the potential of AuNS-deposited Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCEs) on immobilizing enzymes as label-based electrochemical biosensor by evaluating the optimum parameter for glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme immobilization on the SPCE that consists of incubation time and concentration of SAM molecule—L-cysteine—and GOx enzyme, then reviews its performances. The developed biosensor exhibits excellent performance in detecting glucose (linear range of 0.2–15 mM and limit of detection (LOD) of 116 µM), with good selectivity against uric acid, urea, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and lactic acid, and superiority towards gold nanosphere modified biosensor.

Abstract Gold nanodendrite (AuND) is a type of gold nanoparticles with dendritic or branching structures that offers advantages such as large surface area and high conductivity to improve electrocatalytic performance of electrochemical sensors. AuND structures can be synthesized using electrodeposition method utilizing cysteine as growth directing agent. This method can simultaneously synthesize and integrate the gold nanostructures on the surface of the electrode. We conducted a comprehensive study on the synthesis of AuND on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based working electrode, focusing on the optimization of electrodeposition parameters, such as applied potential, precursor solution concentration, and deposition time. The measured surface oxide reduction peak current and electrochemical surface area from cyclic voltammogram were used as the optimization indicators. We confirmed the growth of dendritic gold nanostructures across the carbon electrode surface based on FESEM, EDS, and XRD characterizations. We applied the SPCE/AuND electrode as a nonenzymatic sensor on ascorbic acid (AA) and obtained detection limit of 16.8 μM, quantification limit of 51.0 μM, sensitivity of 0.0629 μA μM−1, and linear range of 180–2700 μM (R2 value = 0.9909). Selectivity test of this electrode against several interferences, such as uric acid, dopamine, glucose, and urea, also shows good response in AA detection.

Introdução: É importante desmistificar o conceito de que as Úlceras de Perna (UP´s) não cicatrizam, havendo uma grande variação nos tempos de cicatrização dependendo da literatura consultada. É essencial uma avaliação holística do paciente, identificando os fatores que podem permitir a intervenção precoce e, assim, melhorar os resultados. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores com impacto na cicatrização da UP. Métodos: Estudo de análise quantitativa, descritivo-correlacional, com recolha de dados numa amostra não aleatória de conveniência em duas unidades de tratamento de feridas complexas, da região centro de Portugal, entre Janeiro de 2021 e Dezembro de 2022. Resultados: O tempo mediano de cicatrização da UP é de 67 dias. As variáveis com maior impacto na cicatrização foram: úlcera mista (b=0.36; B=69.23 dias); comprimento entre 10 a 15 cm (b=0.26; B=66.4 dias); localização inferior (b=0.17; B=28.78 dias), sinal de lipodermatoesclerose ou atrofia branca (b=0.17; B=24.47 dias); e uso de antibióticos nos meses anteriores (b=0.13; B=25.29 dias). Conclusão: As úlceras tornam-se crónicas pela presença de fatores inibitórios que prejudicam a cicatrização. A identificação dessas barreiras deve ser o ponto de partida no planeamento dos cuidados. Foram 7 as variáveis clínicas identificadas com impacto cicatrização (úlcera mista, comprimento da úlcera, localização inferior, sinal de lipodermatoesclerose ou atrofia branca e uso de antibiótico) as quais devem ser considerados para o planeamento da intervenção clínica e pela academia em futuras investigações.

Highlights 1. VCO can accelerate AFB sputum conversion in tuberculosis infection. 2. VCO can decrease SOD levels as a marker of inflammation. Abstract Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis has the potential to raise illness and death rates on a global scale significantly. A low sputum conversion rate for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and malnutrition are indicators of failure in pulmonary TB treatment. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains lauric acid and has antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of VCO supplementation on sputum AFB conversion rates, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and body mass index (BMI) status of pulmonary TB patients. Material and Methods: This study was an analytic experimental study measuring BMI levels and SOD levels at the Pekauman Community Health Center, Sultan Suriansyah Hospital, and Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, between July and September 2023. This study, 40 samples were separated into two groups: the treatment group, which received first-line antithyroid drugs (ATD) with VCO, and the control group, which received first-line ATD and a placebo. Results: Based on the proportion, there was an improvement in the acceleration of BTA sputum conversion, and from the mean BMI and the median value of both groups, there was a decrease in SOD levels after VCO administration. No statistically significant association was found between VCO administration and accelerating the AFB sputum conversion and BMI at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no relationship considered between VCO administration and reducing SOD levels before and after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion: VCO administration had no relationship with the level of AFB sputum conversion, reduction in SOD levels, and BMI status in pulmonary TB patients.

In the development of biosensors, it is essential to have sensors that provide rapid responses, exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity, and are non-invasive, such as screen-printed carbon electrode-based biosensors. In this study, SPCE-based and fabric-based biosensors were fabricated by modifying the working electrode (WE) surface using functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube/AgNi nanocomposites (f-MWCNT/AgNi) to enhance the biosensor's performance in detecting uric acid (UA). The successful synthesis of the f-MWCNT/AgNi nanomaterial was confirmed through UV–Vis, Raman, SEM–EDX, and XRD analyses. The f-MWCNT/AgNi nanomaterials were deposited on the WE surface using drop-casting. Subsequently, electrochemical characteristic tests and UA detection performance were conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The DPV curves revealed sensitivities of 27.699 μA/mM and 4.638 μA/mM for SPCE-based and fabric-based electrodes, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) values for UA detection were 0.024 and 0.017 mM, with linearity (R2) 0.997 and 0.999 observed within the linear ranges of 0.05–1.00 and 1.0–5.0 mM, respectively. Both biosensors exhibited strong selectivity for UA against other components, including ascorbic acid, glucose, lactic acid, and ethanol. Based on these parameter values, f-MWCNT/AgNi-modified SPCE and fabric-based electrodes can be promoted as biosensors for uric acid detection.

This research aims to develop and test the feasibility and effectiveness of AR-based learning media (augmented reality) so that students become more active in following the learning process. This research and R&D (Reseacrh and Development) with the ADDIE development model design. The novelty of this research is the development of Human Movement Organs (bones) with interactive edugame evaluations that improve students' cognitive learning outcomes. Analysis of the data obtained after the research stages are carried out. The results showed that AR-based learning media (augmented reality) was successfully developed, feasible, and effective to use as learning media, seen from the results of media validation obtained a percentage of 84.72%, material validation obtained a percentage of 83.30% and student response obtained a percentage of 88.46%. The conclusion of the Augmented Reality media development research on the PjBL learning model of Human Movement Organ material was successfully developed, very feasible, and effective for improving the learning outcomes of Nabaul Ulum Wonorejo students in Pati Regency.

In this study, a composite of reduced graphene oxide and nano-silica (rGO/n-SiO2) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method, which is a facile technique and green reduction method. Nano-size silica provided a high surface area and more surface-active sites to react, while the modification with rGO improved the silica potential for a supercapacitor electrode. The XRD and Raman results confirmed the success of rGO/n-SiO2 synthesis. The FESEM and TEM showed that the SiO2 nanoparticles are highly distributed on graphene sheets. The rGO/n-SiO2 offers a high energy density value of 23.2 W h kg−1 at a power density of 50.0 W kg−1. After 4000 cycles, the electrode revealed good stability with a high capacitance retention of 95.51%. The rGO/n-SiO2 yields a high specific capacitance of 166.9 F g−1, suggesting that it could be helpful for supercapacitor electrodes.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, with the highest incidence of breast cancer occurring in Asian countries including Indonesia. Among the types of breast cancer, the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive subtype which is prominent with estrogen receptor alpha ( ERα ) and heat shock protein 90 ( HSP90 ) overexpression genes becomes the most prevalent than the others, approximately 75% of all breast cancer cases. ERα and HSP90 play a role in breast cancer activities including breast tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis mechanism. Propolis, a natural bee product, has been explored for its anticancer activity. However, there is lack of studies that evaluated the potential inhibitor from propolis compounds to the ERα and HSP90 proteins. Therefore, this article focuses on examining the correlation between ERα and HSP90’s role in breast cancer and investigating the potential of 93 unique propolis compositions in inhibiting these genes in breast cancer using in silico approaches. This study revealed the positive correlation between ERα and HSP90 genes in breast cancer disease development. Furthermore, we also found novel potential bioactive compounds of propolis against breast cancer through binding with ERα and HSP90; they were 3’,4’,7-trihydroxyisoflavone and baicalein-7-O-β-D glucopyranoside, respectively. Further research on these compounds is needed to elucidate deeper mechanisms and activity in the real biological system to develop new breast cancer drug treatments.

Cardiovascular disease has reached a mortality rate of 470,000 patients each year. Myocardial infarction accounts for 49.2% of these deaths, and the cTnI protein is a crucial target in diagnosing myocardial infarction. A peptide-based bioreceptor design using a computational approach is a good candidate to be developed for a rapid, effective, and selective detection method for cTnI although it is still lacking in study. Hence, to address the scientific gap, we develop a new candidate peptide for the cTnI biosensor by bioinformatics method and present new computational approaches. The sequential point mutations were made to the selected peptide to increase its stability and affinity for cTnI. Next, molecular docking was performed to select the mutated peptide, and one of the best results was subjected to the molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, the results showed that the best peptide showed the lowest affinity and good stability among other mutated peptide designs for interacting with the cTnI protein. In addition, the peptide has been tested to have a higher specificity towards cTnI than its major isomer, sTnI, through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Therefore, the peptide is considered a good potential bioreceptor for diagnosing myocardial infarction diseases.

A violência obstétrica constitui duas formas de violência contra a mulher, violando seus direitos humanos, como saúde, segurança, integridade física, integridade mental, respeito e, nos casos mais extremos, ou a própria vida . Abordaremos, as diversas tipologias, especialmente a violência física ocorrida fora do parto, através de insultos, falta de informação, desrespeito à autonomia e autodeterminação da mulher e violação do consentimento informado, livre e informado. Por outro lado, a prática de procedimentos médicos como episiotomia, excesso de medicação, privação de movimento, manobras como Kristeller, são potencializadores de risco para a saúde e a vida do próprio feto/infância. Portanto, afirmamos que a violência obstétrica não é apenas uma violência contra a mulher, mas também contra a criança. Revisamos, em termos bibliográficos, trabalhos e estudos na área do Direito, Bioética e Saúde Reprodutiva bem como, procedemos a uma exaustiva análise de diplomas legais internacionais e nacionais. Concluímos que a violência exercida contra a mulher em contexto obstétrico é um ataque frontal às artes jurídicas da medicina e constitui uma forma de grave discriminação de gênero que merece censura legal por dois Estados e pelas classes médica e de enfermagem. Afirmamos, com justificação, que a episiotomia é atualmente qualificada como uma espécie de mutilação genital feminina, punível criminalmente. Por fim, defendemos que o acompanhamento direto do não parto e o cumprimento do plano de parto elaborado pela mulher ou domiciliar são mecanismos preventivos da violência obstétrica.

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a powerful mathematical tool that has become increasingly important in developing Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Homomorphic Encryption (HE). Its ability to efficiently calculate polynomial multiplication using the convolution theorem with a quasi-linear complexity $O(n \log {n})$ when implemented with Fast Fourier Transform-style algorithms has made it a key component in modern cryptography. FFT-style NTT algorithm or fast-NTT is particularly useful in lattice-based cryptography, which relies on the hardness of certain mathematical problems to ensure security. Its importance in these fields continues to grow as quantum computing technology advances and traditional encryption methods become vulnerable. In this report, we discuss the mathematical concepts of polynomial multiplications using NTT and provide a comprehensive review of the latest implementation and state-of-the-art of NTT in both PQC and HE schemes.

This report describes the potential design of an optical sensor system, in which the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) type was used, coupled with digital microfluidic (DMF) technology. To achieve this potential design, a dielectric material was layered on top of a metal grating nanostructure so that the nanostructure was embedded in the dielectric matrix. Then, a hydrophobic layer was stacked on top of the dielectric layer for micro/nanodroplet movement. Sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) parameters were analyzed to evaluate this potential design. In this research, various kinds of metal were investigated, and it was found that a gold grating nanostructure embedded inside the SiO2 dielectric matrix with Teflon AF2400 as hydrophobic layer gave the optimum sensitivity. However, the iron grating nanostructure embedded inside the SiO2 dielectric matrix with Teflon AF2400 as hydrophobic layer gave the optimum FoM of 1.481. Furthermore, noble metal grating nanostructures embedded inside a dielectric layer produce higher photoelectric conversion and current density values than other types of metals that are usually used, such as aluminum, cobalt, iron, copper, etc.

Graphene has excellent properties which can be a promising material as nanocomposites for application in a drug delivery system (DDS). In this study, reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles (rGO/AgNPs) nanocomposites was synthesized using a facile in-situ method for drug loading application of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The synthesis results were characterized by FESEM, EDX, UV-Vis, XRD, and Raman spectrophotometers analyses. The results showed that rGO/AgNPs nanocomposites was synthesized successfully. Drug loading application was performed using UV-Vis measurements. The loading results depicted that rGO/AgNPs is successfully created in high-capacity loading for ASA. Drug loading performances enhanced with the increasing loading time of ASA on rGO/AgNPs. The optimum percentage of drug loading capacity for ASA by rGO/AgNPs was ∼83% in a contact time of 30 hrs.

Dopamine concentration abnormalities in the body can cause various disorders and diseases such as Parkinson's, Tourette's syndrome, and depression. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was combined with Fe3O4 to sensitively and selectively detect dopamine. The performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The results of testing with CV on the solution [Fe(CN)6] showed that a modification with GO gave a maximum effective surface area value of 0.0127 cm2, proving that GO can increase the effective area and conductivity of the sensor. DPV testing shows that dopamine detection using GO/Fe3O4 has a linear range at a concentration of 1–10 μM with a detection limit of 0.48 μM and a quantification limit of 1.6 μM. GO/Fe3O4 also shows good selectivity where the peak current is separated by 0.245 V with ascorbic acid, which is the closest interference compound.

The marine sponge Neopetrosia exigua is known as a goldmine of novel compounds, yet its pharmacological activities remain poorly characterised. Herein, this study investigates the bioactivities of N. exigua collected from Mauritius waters. The crude extract (dichloromethane: methanol), hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from N. exigua were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays. Their antibacterial activities were evaluated using the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The cytotoxic and epigenetic activities were further screened using the MTT assay and a cell-based image system that measures de-repression of a silenced Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter gene, respectively. Higher antioxidant activity was recorded for the ethyl acetate fraction as demonstrated by its significant ferric reducing antioxidant power, radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities relative to control (p < 0.05). The best antibacterial profile was presented by the ethyl acetate fraction against Cutibacterium acnes (MIC: 0.039 mg/ml), Streptococcus mutans (MIC: 0.078 mg/ml) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC: 0.313 mg/ml). Similarly, the fraction displayed significant cytotoxicity against the human liposarcoma SW872 cells with IC50 value of 44.34 ± 2.64 µg/ml and GFP re-activation capacity of 43.79 ± 3.19% (p

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the independent curriculum in Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan subjects at Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo High School. This type of research is qualitative, with a case study approach carried out at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo. The research data is in the form of teaching modules for Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan subjects. Sources of data were obtained from teachers, students, and vice curricula. Observation, interviews, and documentation carry out data collection techniques. Data analysis was done by data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Implementing the independent curriculum in Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan subjects differs from the 2013 curriculum in planning, implementing, and assessing learning activities. As in the Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan learning plan, which uses teaching modules, Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan lesson hours are set annually so that the time allocation for reaching them is flexible. In implementing the lesson, apply diagnostic assessment, differentiation approach, and strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. As well as in the learning assessment, which focuses on formative assessment. The implementation of the independent curriculum in the subject of al-Islam and Muhammadiyah is by the provisions of the independent learning curriculum. However, the success of an education system concept depends on the teacher's application in his learning, and the success of implementing the independent curriculum in Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan subjects also requires support from children as active learners.

The omnipresence of digital teaching is becoming evident along with technological advancement. Hence, teachers' acquaintance with their pedagogical skills requires refinement to improve their professionalism and stay relevant. Yet, there is limited, profound research available that has discussed this issue and highlighted its shortcomings. This article aims to write a systematic literature review (SLR) on past studies related to primary school teachers' pedagogical skills in digital teaching. The SLR methodology conforms to PRISMA writing standards, including identification, screening, eligibility, evaluation, data extraction, and analysis. Three databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC, were used to source relevant articles. 25 out of 324 initial articles were selected for review with three overarching themes: (i) approaches, (ii) methods, and (iii) digital teaching techniques. Subthemes under 'approaches' include general, 21st century learning, digital, and digital integration. Sub-themes under methods include thinking-oriented, physically oriented/kinesthetic, digitally oriented, a combination of thinking and digital, grouping, and guidance-oriented. Sub-themes under 'techniques' include the development of digital resources, the application of digital resources, and digital-based activities. The study's implications serve as a guide for teachers in planning and implementing digital teaching with maximum impact on their students' learning experiences.

Electrochemical measurement methods are widely used to analyze various biochemical reactions due to their simplicity and versatility. Therefore, the development of potentiostats, electrochemical-based analytical instruments, that are low in cost but maintaining rich analytical features is highly demanding. In this paper, we report the development of a low-cost and portable potentiostat system, named ESPotensio, which supports six different electrochemical measurement methods and a multi-channel electrochemical measurement. The measurement methods it supports include the cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), normal pulse voltammetry (NPV), and the observation of electrochemical response current against time based on chronoamperometry (CA) measurement method. Moreover, each of these measurement methods can be run semi-parallelly within three different channels. The electrochemical measurement precision, accuracy, and error of ESPotensio were evaluated based on the repeated measurements and the comparison with the commercial potentiostats. The results showed that it could produce highly accurate electrochemical measurements by having an average accuracy of more than 90% compared to the commercial potentiostat, Emstat Pico. Ultimately, the hardware design was determined accordingly to meet the low-cost demand by costing of only USD 21.4 for the total system realization.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance performances of young adults with unilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in a dual-task condition. Method: Fifteen young adults with unilateral CIs and 15 healthy individuals were included in the study. The balance task was applied using the Sensory Organization Test via Computerized Dynamic Posturography. The Backward Digit Recall task was applied as an additional concurrent cognitive task. In the balance task, participants completed four different conditions, which gradually became more difficult: Condition 1: fixed platform, eyes open; Condition 3: fixed platform, eyes open and visual environment sway; Condition 4: platform sway, eyes open; Condition 6: platform sway, eyes open and visual environment sway. To evaluate the dual-task condition performance, participants were given cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously. Results: Visual (p = 0.016), vestibular (p < 0.001), and composite balance scores (p < 0.001) of CI users were statistically significantly lower than the control group. Condition 3 (p = 0.003), Condition 4 (p = .0007), and Condition 6 (p < 0.001) balance scores of CI users in the single-task condition were statistically significantly lower than controls. Condition 6 (p < 0.001) balance scores of CI users in the dual-task condition were statistically significantly lower than the control group. Condition 1 score (p = 0.002) of the CI users in the dual-task condition showed a statistically significant decrease compared to the balance score in the single-task condition, while the Condition 6 score (p = 0.011) in the dual-task condition was statistically significantly higher than the balance score in the single-task condition. Conclusions: The balance performance of individuals with CIs in the dual-task condition was worse than typical healthy individuals. It can be suggested that dual-task performances should be included in the vestibular rehabilitation process in CI users in the implantation process in terms of balance abilities in multitasking conditions and risk of falling.

In order to investigate the genotype-trait interaction in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on ten sunflower genotypes in four regions of Karaj, Birjand, Firoozabad and Arak in the cropping years 2018–2019. The results of combined analysis of variance at the probability level of 0.01 showed that the genotypes were significantly different in terms of the studied traits. The effect of genotype × environment was also significantly different in all traits except plant height, leaf width and grain yield. Genotype × year × environment was also significant in all traits except plant height and stem diameter. The results of comparison of the mean by Duncan method also identified Azargol, Zaria and Armaverski genotypes as genotypes with favorable rank. Armaverski and Azargol genotypes were identified as desirable genotypes in all studied regions in the study of polygon diagrams. Genotype ranking chart based on ideal genotype also introduced Zargol and Azargol genotypes as genotypes with suitable yield and desirability. The grouping diagram of genotypes in terms of traits also grouped the studied genotypes in Karaj, Birjand and Firoozabad regions into four groups in terms of traits and the studied genotypes in Arak region into three groups.

At present it seems that the religiousness of Muslims is decreasing more and more. This can be seen from the increasing number of Muslims with liberal views and also by the increasing number of atheism, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. The causes and how the decline in the quality of reverberation, especially in areas where the majority are Muslim, will be discussed in this article. This research will use the literature study method by looking for various sources of available statistical data and surveys. Even though the countries in the region are Islamic countries, the research results show that even though the number of Muslim populations is increasing every year, the religiousness of the people in the region has decreased dramatically, especially after the end of the Arab Spring in 2011. Di masa sekarang tampaknya kereligiusan umat muslim semakin lama semakin menurun. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari semakin banyaknya umat muslim yang berpandangan liberal dan juga dengan meningkatnya jumlah ateisme khususnya di kawasan timur tengah dan afrika utara. Penyebab dan bagaimana turunnya kualitas bergama khususnya di kawasan yang mayoritas beragama islam tersebut akan menjadi pembahasan dalam artikel ini. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan mencari berbagai sumber data statistik dan survei yang telah tersedia. Walaupun negara-negara di kawasan tersebut adalah negara islam, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jumlah populasi umat muslim setiap tahunnya semakin bertambah banyak, tetapi kereligiusan masyarakat di kawasan tersebut semakin menurun secara dramatis terutama setelah berakhirnya arab spring pada tahun 2011.

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of clinical disease, better known as COVID-19. The most common method to detect COVID-19 is serological testing of IgM and IgG in response to viral infections using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Several other guidelines consider polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard for diagnosis becausePCR has high sensitivity and specificity values in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. The samples were taken from medical records of COVID-19 patients in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin from March to October 2020. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software and Chi-Square test were used for data analysis. Results: From 751 COVID-19 patients, 408 patients (54.32%) had rapid antibody with positive PCR, 132 patients (17.57%) had reactive rapid antibody with negative PCR, 152 patients (20.23%) had non-reactive rapid antibody with positive PCR, and 59 patients (7.85%) had non-reactive rapid antibody with negative PCR. The rapid antibody had sensitivity of 72.85% and specificity of 30.89%. From Chi-Square test, reactive rapid antibody was not correlated with PCR positive results; values of p = 0.320, odds ratio (OR) 1.20. Conclusion: The rapid test antibody could not be recommended as a diagnostic tool. In this study, it was also found that there was no relationship between reactive rapid test results and positive SARS-CoV PCR.

This research aims to uncover the religious understanding of Muslim families, religious education patterns of Muslim family children as well as looking for problems as well as the supporting capacity of parents in providing religious education to children in industrial era 4.0 families in Jati Village. This research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study show that: first, understanding the religion of Muslim communities only around the pillars of Islam and formal religious rituals coupled with the development of modernization has a shift in religious behavior in society; second, the pattern of religious education in children among the Muslim families of Jati Village, among others, educate with patience, compassion, habituation and educate with permissive patterns and democratic patterns; third, factors that become problems of Islamic education in the Muslim family environment in Jati Village, namely, the attention and example factors of parents, technology factors, factors lack interest in studying Islamic religious sciences and environmental factors; fourth, the support capacity of parents in providing religious education in the industrial era 4.0 is that access to information is easier and does not cost much. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap pemahaman keagamaan keluarga muslim, pola pendidikan keagamaan anak keluarga muslim serta mencari problematika juga daya dukung orang tua dalam membekali pendidikan keagamaan pada anak dalam keluarga era industri 4.0 di Desa Jati. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pemahaman agama masyarakat muslim hanya seputar rukun Islam dan ritual formal keagamaan ditambah dengan perkembangan modernisasi berdampak pergeseran perilaku keagamaan pada masyarakat; kedua, pola pendidikan keagamaan pada anak di kalangan keluarga muslim Desa Jati antara lain mendidik dengan kesabaran, kasih sayang, pembiasaan serta mendidik dengan pola permisif dan pola demokratis; ketiga, faktor-faktor yang menjadi problematika pendidikan Islam dalam lingkungan keluarga muslim di Desa Jati yakni, faktor perhatian dan teladan orang tua, faktor teknologi, faktor kurangnya minat mempelajari ilmu agama Islam dan faktor lingkungan; keempat, daya dukung orang tua dalam memberikan pendidikan keagamaan di era industri 4.0 adalah akses informasi semakin mudah dan tidak memerlukan banyak biaya.

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent non-equilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Furthermore, interactions in ensembles of active agents are often non-additive and non-reciprocal. An important aspect of biological agents is their ability to sense the environment, process this information, and adjust their motion accordingly. It is an important goal for the engineering of micro-robotic systems to achieve similar functionality.With many fundamental properties of motile active matter now reasonably well understood and under control, the ground is prepared for the study of physical aspects and mechanisms of motion in complex environments, of the behavior of systems with new physical features like chirality, of the development of novel micromachines and microbots, of the emergent collective behavior and swarming of intelligent self-propelled particles, and of particular features of microbial systems.The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter poses major challenges, which can only be addressed by a truly interdisciplinary effort involving scientists from biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The 2024 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter reviews the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for further progress in this fascinating research area.

Teaching and learning in the school aim to enable students to gain knowledge and change behavior. Therefore, schools need to instil the values of social solidarity to respond to differences in society. Emile Durkheim's theories form the basis of the analysis of social facts about social solidarity. This study aims to describe the school's strategic steps in building social solidarity among students during online learning due to the impact of COVID-19 at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. Data collection was taken through interviews and documentation. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model with data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. The technique of data validity by triangulation. The results showed that strategic steps in building the social solidarity of students during online learning include: (1) The school uses Moodle application to support online learning, which can control the teacher's learning activities; (2) The principal determines by instructing all teachers to a) Each learning hour uses virtual face-to-face using zoom or google meet followed by Moodle application, b) Creating integrated learning tools in forming social solidarity values, c) Using learning methods and models that emphasize group learning; and (3) Schools facilitate infaq online.

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the kidney, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system, which abnormality is associated with many diseases. In this work, we synthesized a functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle (f-MWCNT/AgNP) nanocomposites as the biosensing material to detect DA. The SEM, EDS, and TEM characterizations indicated the success of the functionalization process with MWCNT as the base material. The values of the linear range, the limit of detection (LOD), and the selectivity of the nanocomposite were all obtained from the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) measurements. The obtained LOD value was 0.2778 µM in the linear range of 0–8 µM, which is lower than the required concentration value for detecting DA in human urine (0.3–3 µM). The biosensor’s high selectivity on DA with the presence of other human-related biofluids was also reported. These results show that f-MWCNT/AgNP nanocomposites are a promising biosensor material for the detection of DA.

Background: Indonesia is one of world’s largest producers of coal. Coal fly ash (CFA), a product of the coal combustion process, consists of various minerals and causes toxic effects by inhalation. This study aimed to analyze the toxic effects of CFA inhalation in mice models by examining oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the blood. Methods: A true experimental with post-test control group design was used in this study. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into three groups including control (P1), CFA inhalation for 24 hours (P2), and CFA inhalation for 30 days (P3). Mice in the P2 and P3 groups were exposed to CFA measuring 0.075 mm with doses equal to 12.5 mg/m3 for 1 hour/day. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the percentage of blood eosinophils were examined as parameters of toxic effects. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the toxic effects between groups. Results: MDA were significantly increased in between groups (p

This research is aimed to describe the character planting of early childhood through center learning. This qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was performed through reduction, display and drawing conclusions. To ensure the reliability of the data obtained, observation extension and triangulation were carried out. The results showed that: (1) The application of center learning succeeded in instilling and shaping the religious character of children. (2) Indication of success can be seen from the attitudes and behavior of students who show akhlakul karimah, as well as the satisfaction of guardians in seeing the attitudes and behavior of their children who begin to develop perfectly. (3) The success of center learning in instilling religious character is supported by the provision of complete play facilities and the ability of teachers to carry out the center learning process. While the inhibiting factor is the children are still experiencing the adaptation process, because center learning is a new learning model in Raudlatul Athfal. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penanaman karakter anak usia dini melalui pembelajaran sentra.. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi, display dan mengambil kesimpulan. Untuk menjamin reliabilitas data yang diperoleh dilakukan perpanjangan pengamatan dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Penerapan pembelajaran sentra berhasil menanamkan dan membentuk karakter keagamaan anak. (2) Indikasi keberhasilan bisa dilihat dari sikap dan perilaku peserta didik yang menunjukkan akhlakul karimah, serta kepuasan wali murid dalam melihat sikap dan perilaku putra-putrinya yang mulai berkembang secara sempurna. (3) Keberhasilan pembelajaran sentra dalam menanamkan karakter keagamaan didukung oleh penyediaan fasilitas bermain yang lengkap dan kemampuan guru dalam menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran sentra. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah anak-anak masih mengalami proses adaptasi, karena pembelajaran sentra merupakan model pembelajaran yang baru di Raudlatul Athfal ini.

This article aims to find out the urgency about the application of Cyber ​​Notary in the recent times that are experiencing a covid-19 pandemic, this research uses a normative method with deductive logic that explains a general thing then draws it to a specific conclusion. That Cyber ​​Notary should have been implemented in Indonesia where it has previously been provided with facilities in Article 6 of the ITE Law and Article 77 paragraphs (1) and (4) of the Company Law, but because the UUJN-P has not yet regulated and as a lex specialis notary position, the Cyber ​​Notary not applicable yet. However, this must be considered again, considering that during the covid-19 era, which was expected to reduce activities outside the home, to reduce the risk of covid-19 virus and not reduce legal services to the community in the form of making authentic deeds. For the implementation of Cyber ​​Notary requires the requirements in the form of changes to several articles in the legislation namely: (1) Article 1868 of the Civil Code, (2) Articles in UUJN-P, (3) Article 5 paragraph (4) in UU ITE, and ( 4) The Stamp Duty Act which has always identified authentic deeds is always in the form of a written deed. And to reduce the security risks of Cyber ​​Notary, external factors that must be considered are: (a) notary ethics, (b) ongoing notary education, (c) electronic data security techniques, and (d) certification authorization.

Most commercially available Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) devices are not equipped with convenient analysis software to be operated by the non-expert. We introduce a web-based application for SPR sample data analysis with Python’s Matplotlib and Bokeh as the primary tools. Users can directly upload and analyze the SPR data output, where the data are stored in the Firebase cloud storage. The web application is embedded with several features, including the graph label, tooltips, and interactive legend. With this application, SPR sample analysis only needs to be run within minutes, and the system is made portable by implementing Python virtual environment.

The electrochemical-based analysis provides simplicity, robustness, and relatively less maintenance. Specifically, a low-cost potentiostat, a basic equipment to conduct electrochemistry experiments and analysis, is necessary to aid small-medium educational units to develop a multifunctional mini-laboratory, particularly for education. In addition, the development of portable and small instruments could be essential to obtain a wider technology adopters implication. In this paper, eSTAT, a low-cost and smartphone controlled potentiostat system was developed based on ESP32 microcontroller. The performance of eSTAT was evaluated from the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements, from which the accuracy and the error tolerance of the system were determined. The results showed that the eSTAT could measure the Voltammogram signal with the accuracy of 98.30% for the anodic peak current and 87.84% for the cathodic peak current relative to the commercial Zimmer&Peacock ANA POT EIS potentiostat. In addition, the wireless control of eSTAT could be done wirelessly via Bluetooth using an external application made on Android OS.

In recent years, measuring and monitoring analyte concentrations continuously, frequently, and periodically has been a vital necessity for certain individuals. We developed a cotton-based millifluidic fabric-based electrochemical device (mFED) to monitor glucose continuously and evaluate the effects of mechanical deformation on the device’s electrochemical performance. The mFED was fabricated using stencil printing (thick film method) for patterning the electrodes and wax-patterning to make the reaction zone. The analytical performance of the device was carried out using the chronoamperometry method at a detection potential of −0.2 V. The mFED has a linear working range of 0–20 mM of glucose, with LOD and LOQ of 0.98 mM and 3.26 mM. The 3D mFED shows the potential to be integrated as a wearable sensor that can continuously measure glucose under mechanical deformation.

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetically inherited disease characterized by recurrent bullae and erosions on the skin with numerous signs of dental caries and poor oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the general clinical and oral findings of patients with EB. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, the clinical and oral findings and family history of 26 cases with EB were evaluated. The type of EB, gender, age, parental consanguinity, dental caries, oral findings, distribution of lesions and presence of associated anomalies, clinical and oral findings correlated with gender were recorded. Results: All 26 patients with EB had a history of consanguinity and siblings with EB to varying degrees. In our study, malnutrition, anemia and growth retardation, gastrointestinal system complications, hair thinning, hand and nail deformity, ocular problems and renal disease (in one case) were observed with variable frequencies. When the intraoral findings of the patients were investigated, extensive dental caries in all EB types, enamel hypoplasia in junctional EB (JEB) and the presence of tooth-root to be extracted in dystrophic EB (DEB), intraoral bullae and lesions, ankyloglossia, vestibular sulcus insufficiency, microstomia and maxillary atrophy were observed. Three cases had restorative treatment and one case had prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusions: Oral involvement can be seen with varying frequencies depending on the type of EB and the severity of the disease. It may result from delayed oral and dental rehabilitation due to physical disabilities, limitations and more pressing medical problems. Microstomy, pain from mucosal lesions, and restricted access to the mouth can be caused by poor oral hygiene. Oral complications and caloric needs of individuals with EB should be determined, and individual prophylaxis should be applied to prevent caries formation and protect teeth.

Teachers with gender stereotypes are particularly likely to engage in gender-biased teaching practices and to transmit biased gender norms to students. Examining teachers' gender stereotypes is important for understanding gender transmission in schools and gender inequality in educational attainments. Using data from a questionnaire survey of junior high school teachers in the Kansai area of Japan, this study empirically examines teachers' gender stereotypes, focusing on their gender role attitudes. Using latent class analysis to examine teachers' gender role attitudes, the results identify three patterns (gender equality supporters, care-gender role supporters, and gender role supporters) in teachers' gender role attitudes. The distinctive pattern is the care-gender role supporters, a group that rejects some traditional gender roles but is more likely to hold the gender stereotype that women are better suited for housework and childcare; this group is considered "potential" gender stereotypes. Furthermore, using a latent class multinomial-logit model, we test three hypotheses regarding gender, age, and teachers' subject. The results show that the hypotheses are partially supported and that teachers' gender role attitudes are influenced by the basic factors mentioned above, including the interaction effect. Based on these findings, we discuss the structure of teachers' gender role attitudes and suggest the importance of focusing on teachers with potential gender stereotypes.

It is a necessity for a researcher to ensure that the validity and reliability of the study is met to prove a discovery. However, there are still qualitative researchers who are still reckless and do not emphasize the concept of validity and reliability when designing, collecting, and analysing the research findings. The quality of a qualitative study depends on the honesty, compliance, and thoroughness of the researcher in carrying out the study in a systematic and structured manner. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the qualitative validity and reliability strategy according to scholars' views as well as describing the validity and reliability strategy carried out in the pilot study. Through document analysis, the concept of validity and qualitative reliability can be explained through four concepts namely credibility, dependability, reliability, and confirmability. Among the strategies that can be used in pilot study to increase its validity and reliability is by peer review that takes place during the construction, review, and verification of the interview protocol. Reflective journal writing can also help increasing the reliability of the pilot study. It is hoped that this article can expand the reader's knowledge related to validity and reliability, especially in conducting pilot studies and at the same time, help qualitative researchers in carrying out their procedures properly to guarantee the quality of the research.