Search

The differential outcomes procedure (DOP) is an easily applicable method for enhancing discriminative learning and recognition memory. Its effectiveness in improving the recognition of facial expressions of emotion has been recently explored, with mixed success. This study aims to explore whether the expectancies generated via the DOP are reflected as differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) between participants in differential (DOP) or non-differential conditions (NOP) in a facial expression of complex emotion label task. Participants (n = 27 total, 14 DOP) in the DOP group received a specific reward for each specific emotion, while those in the NOP group received a random reinforcer when they correctly identified the emotion. We did not find differences in participants' accuracy or reaction time depending on group (DOP or NOP). These findings suggest that the DOP may not provide significant benefits for tasks involving labeling complex emotional expressions. However, differences in ERP components were observed between both groups. Specifically, the NOP group showed an increased Late Positive Component during encoding, fronto-central P300 during memory maintenance of facial stimuli, and frontal, fronto-central, and central P300 during retrieval. These ERPs, taken together, suggest that the task was more attentionally demanding for the NOP group. Additionally, some markers identified in previous ERP studies on the DOP were absent, indicating that the outcome expectancies may not have been fully generated. Finally, there were also interactions between the valence of the facial stimuli, participant group, and some of the potentials, such as N100 or N200 during encoding. These findings suggest that participants in the DOP group may have allocated more attentional resources to processing expressions of positive-valence emotions during earlier stages, possibly due to reward expectancy effects.

Introduction and Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound guided portal pressure gradient measurement (EUS-PPGm) would provide useful clinical information in patients with liver diseases. However, there is yet scarcely data on the clinical relevance of this EUS-guided procedure.We report our experience on EUS-PPGm focus on safety, clinical relevant findings, technical drawbacks and how to overcome them, aiming to make this procedure more safe, accurate and available. Materials and Patients: EUS-PPGm was performed with a therapeutic echoendoscope and a dedicated 25G needle in 30 consecutive patients. Assessment of NAFLD 25; idiopathic portal hypertension 3; evaluation for curative therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2. EUS-guided bilobar liver biopsies (EUS-BLB) were also immediately performed in 26 patients (87%) with a 19G needle Results: EUS-PPGm was obtained in 25/30 patients (83%) being >5 mmHg in 10/22 NALFD patients (45%) without endoscopic and/or ultrasonographic signs of portal hypertension neither liver fibrosis on EUS-BLB. Mean time to obtain EUS-PPGm was 21±2 minutes.EUS-PPGm was not obtained in 5 cases. In 4 cases for excesive use of the elevator and up&down wheel and bending of the needle. In another case for exacerbating breathing movements. The hepatic and portal vein were difficult to punction in one and two cases, respectively having to transverse the vessels and reposition the needle.A self-limited bleeding from the cardias and a mild epigastric pain 2 day after a combined procedure were observed without other adverse events one month later. Conclusions: EUS-guided PPGm, even when combined with EUS-BLB, seems safe providing useful clinical information. Almost half of patients affected with NAFLD have portal hypertension diagnosed precociously in reversible stages providing a useful tool in precision Medicine, especially in the setting of obesity pandemic. There are technical aspects related to the needle and the position of the echoendoscope that should be known to improve the safety, accuracy and availibility of this procedure.

Abstract Deciphering the human spatial cognition system involves the development of simple tasks to assess how our brain works with shapes and forms. Prior studies in the mental rotation field disclosed a clockwise rotation bias on how basic stimuli are perceived and processed. However, there is a lack of a substantial scientific background for complex stimuli and how factors like sex or aging could influence them. Regarding the latter point, it is well known that our spatial skills tend to decline as we grow older. Hence, the hippocampal system is especially sensitive to aging. These neural changes underlie difficulties for the elderly in landmark orientation or mental rotation tasks. Thus, our study aimed to check whether the effect of clockwise and anticlockwise rotations in the spatial recognition of complex environments could be modulated by aging. To do so, 40 young adults and 40 old adults performed the ASMRT, a virtual spatial memory recognition test. Results showed that young adults outperformed old adults in all difficulty conditions (i.e., encoding one or three boxes positions). In addition, old adults were affected more than young adults by rotation direction, showing better performance in clockwise rotations. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that aging is particularly affected by the direction of rotation. We suggest that clockwise bias could be linked with the cognitive decline associated with aging. Future studies could address this with brain imaging measures.

There is a great deal of research describing the close association that exists between numerical and spatial representations, illustrating the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Code) effect. This effect signals the spatial mental representation of small numbers to the left and larger numbers to the right, coinciding with the direction of reading and writing. Subsequent research has found a similar spatial representation for other stimuli (e.g., size of objects and animals, and words associated with time). Some of these spatially represented stimuli are social in nature, even suggesting a spatial mental organization of stimuli based on gender (e.g., the upper part of a vertical axis for males and the lower part for females). The aim of the present study was threefold (1) to replicate and extend results on the existence of a mental gender line (as a function of response hand: female-left hand and male-right hand) when responding simply to gender of stimuli; (2) to explore the influence of inhibitory control; and, (3) to determine whether gender-space associations depend on the explicit or implicit nature of a gender task. Three experiments were designed to pursue these objectives. In Experiment 1, female, male and neutral faces and names were displayed, and the participants were asked to identify their gender. Experiment 2, which also included a Stroop task, followed the same procedure as Experiment 1, but displayed objects that could be designated as female or male and others not related to any gender. Finally, in Experiment 3, in which participants were asked to respond to the direction of an arrow, object gender was not relevant to the task. Consistent with previous research and confirming our hypotheses, the results showed a spatial mental representation of the stimuli based on gender in all three experiments, regardless of whether the stimulus was consciously perceived. Moreover, inhibitory ability showed a relationship with the gender-space line effect. The contributions and implications of this study are discussed, as are possible limitations and future lines of research.

Abstract Schizotypy can be defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, but milder in their expression, that can be found in clinical and non-clinical populations. In this research, we explore, to our knowledge, for the first time, whether schizotypal personality traits may affect the acquisition of conditioned fear by social means only. Apart from being an essential capacity to ensure learning in safe environments, social fear learning shares important characteristics with direct fear acquisition, which also makes it a great candidate for developing successful extinction procedures. Undergraduate students (n = 72) performed a task of social fear learning. In this task, participants watched a video of a person that simulated to receive electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus; US) paired with a coloured square (conditioned stimulus plus; CS+), while another coloured square was never paired (conditioned stimulus minus; CS−) with the shock. After that, they were presented with a similar sequence of coloured screens. Their Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) were registered during the whole process. Once they finished, they completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Our results revealed that participants with a low score in the Cognitive-Perceptual factor of the SPQ exhibited higher SCRs when they saw the US than when they saw the CS− (all ps 0.05), a pattern that has been similarly found in schizophrenia. During the final trials of the test phase, participants with the highest scores in the Disorganized factor were the only ones that maintained a higher SCR towards the CS+ than towards the CS− (p = 0.006), which could be associated with an impairment in their extinction processes.

Fundamento: las herramientas tecnológicas que sustentan las redes digitales en la actualidad permiten numerosos intentos foráneos de convertir en patrones universales, ideas, gustos, emociones y corrientes ideológicas ajenas al contexto cubano. De ahí, la imperiosa necesidad de educar a niños y jóvenes en el respeto incondicional a la identidad cultural cubana. Objetivo: consolidar sentimientos identitarios de cubanía en estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Letras a partir de la lectura de una selección de textos en inglés, con sus correspondientes ejercicios. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualicuantitativa. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico–lógico, análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis documental, observación, prueba pedagógica, cuestionario y entrevista a la unidad de estudio seleccionada; y matemático-estadísticos. Resultados: en el análisis del programa se detectó que el tratamiento a la identidad cultural cubana no tenía el énfasis necesario, el libro de texto corresponde a la serie de libros face2face de autores europeos. El diagnóstico a la muestra determinó que los estudiantes no poseen toda la información que sobre la identidad cultural cubana necesita un profesional cubano, y manifestaron la necesidad de profundizar en estos temas; por lo que se conformaron textos en inglés con sus respectivos ejercicios aplicables antes, durante y después de la lectura, los que fueron valorados por especialistas. Conclusiones: la propuesta educativa fue valorada como muy adecuada por su pertinencia social, aplicabilidad, estructura lógica y originalidad, por los especialistas consultados.

Objectives: The course of progressive liver damage after achieving sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) remains undetermined. We aimed to determine risk factors associated with the development of liver-related events (LREs) after SVR, focusing on the utility of non-invasive markers. Methods: An observational, retrospective study that included patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), who achieved SVR with DAAs between 2014 and 2017. Patients were followed-up until December 2020. LREs were defined as the development of portal hypertension decompensation and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serological markers of fibrosis were calculated before treatment and one and two years after SVR. Results: The study included 321 patients, with a median follow-up of 48 months. LREs occurred in 13.7% of patients (10% portal hypertension decompensation and 3.7% HCC). Child–Pugh [HR 4.13 (CI 95% 1.74; 9.81)], baseline FIB-4 [HR 1.12 (CI 95% 1.03; 1.21)], FIB-4 one year post-SVR [HR 1.31 (CI 95% 1.15; 1.48)] and FIB-4 two years post-SVR [HR 1.42 (CI 95% 1.23; 1.64)] were associated with portal hypertension decompensation. Older age, genotype 3, diabetes mellitus and FIB-4 before and after SVR were associated with the development of HCC. FIB-4 cut-off values one and two years post-SVR to predict portal hypertension decompensation were 2.03 and 2.21, respectively, and to predict HCC were 2.42 and 2.70, respectively. Conclusions: HCV patients with ACLD remain at risk of developing liver complications after having achieved SVR. FIB-4 evaluation before and after SVR may help to predict this risk, selecting patients who will benefit from surveillance.

In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were registered during a semantic negative priming (NP) task in participants with higher and lower working memory capacity (WMC). On each trial participants had to actively ignore a briefly presented single prime word, which was followed either immediately or after a delay by a mask. Thereafter, either a semantically related or an unrelated target word was presented, to which participants made a semantic categorization judgment. The ignored prime produced a behavioral semantic NP in delayed (but not in immediate) masking trials, and only for participants with a higher-WMC. Both masking type and WMC also modulated ERP priming effects. When the ignored prime was immediately followed by a mask (which impeded its conscious identification) a reliable N400 modulation was found irrespective of participants’ WMC. However, when the mask onset following the prime was delayed (thus allowing its conscious identification), an attenuation of a late positive ERP (LPC) was observed in related compared to unrelated trials, but only in the higher-WMC group showing reliable behavioral NP. The present findings demonstrate for the first time that individual differences in WMC modulate both behavioral measures and electrophysiological correlates of semantic NP.

Human spatial memory research has significantly progressed since the development of computerized tasks, with many studies examining sex-related performances. However, few studies explore the underlying electrophysiological correlates according to sex. In this study event-related potentials were compared between male and female participants during the performance of an allocentric spatial recognition task. Twenty-nine university students took part in the research. Results showed that while general performance was similar in both sexes, the brain of males and females displayed a differential activation. Males showed increased N200 modulation than females in the three phases of memory process (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval). Meanwhile females showed increased activation of P300 in the three phases of memory process compared to males. In addition, females exhibited more negative slow wave (NSW) activity during the encoding phase. These differences are discussed in terms of attentional control and the allocation of attentional resources during spatial processing. Our findings demonstrate that sex modulates the resources recruited to performed this spatial task.

This study of 104 Chilean employees examines the process of WFF—recovery—general health on a daily basis. Drawing on the work–home resources (W-HR) model, we hypothesized that daily work-to-family facilitation and work engagement predict recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening (i.e., detachment from work and relaxation) and subsequent general health at night. Furthermore, we explored whether daily work engagement moderates the relationships between daily work-to-family facilitation and recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening and general health at night. In addition, we expected employees' detachment from work to have a lagged effect on next-day general health at night. Participants completed a survey and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive working days (N = 520 occasions). Multilevel analyses show that, as expected, daily work-to-family facilitation predicted recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening (i.e., detachment from work and relaxation). However, contrary to our expectations, daily work engagement only predicted general health at night. Moreover, as expected, a moderation effect of daily work engagement shows that on days that employees experience low levels of daily work engagement, daily work-to-family facilitation is strongly related to detachment from work and relaxation during off-job time in the evening and to general health at night. Unexpectedly, on days on which employees experienced high levels of daily work engagement, daily work-to-family facilitation was weakly related to these outcomes. Finally, in accordance with our expectations, detachment from work had a lagged effect on next-day general health at night. These findings offer support for the W-HR model and have theoretical and practical implications for research and organizations.

The aim of this study is to examine the link between working memory capacity and the ability to exert cognitive control. Here, participants with either high or low working memory capacity (WMC) performed a semantic negative priming (NP) task as a measure of cognitive control. They were required to ignore a single prime word followed by a pattern mask appearing immediately or after a delay. The prime could be semantically related or unrelated to an upcoming target word where a forced-choice categorization was required. Each type of mask (immediate vs. delayed) appeared randomly from trial to trial. Results demonstrated that, when the ignored prime was immediately followed by the mask, neither of the groups (high or low WMC) showed reliable NP. In clear contrast, when the mask onset was delayed responses latencies were reliably slower for semantically related trials than for unrelated trials (semantic NP), but only for the high WMC group. The present results clearly demonstrate that semantic NP from single ignored primes depends on both the masking pattern that follows the prime (immediate vs. delayed mask), and on working memory capacity.

BACKGROUND:Adherence to treatment is a crucial factor for patients who have chronic illnesses or multiple morbidities and polypharmacy, which is frequently found in older adults. The non-adherence to medications has important economic and social consequences as well as impacts on the health of the patients. One of the reasons that can explain the low adherence to treatment, is the memory deficits that are characteristics of this population and that are even more evident in cases that involve neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS AND FINDINGS:In this study, we explore whether the differential outcomes procedure (DOP), which has been shown to be useful in improving discriminative learning and memory in different populations, may facilitate learning and retention of medical recommendations in older adults who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The results demonstrate that when this procedure was applied, the patients showed improvements in learning and long-term retention of two pill/time of day associations in a situation that simulates adherence to medical prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS:These findings contribute new data about the potential benefits of the DOP in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the important role that this procedure could play in addressing important issues related to the health and quality of life of older adults, with or without neurodegenerative diseases, such as low adherence to medical treatments.

Resumen Los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos y que participan en las actividades relacionadas con la donación y trasplante de órganos están expuestos a un número importante de estresores en su trabajo, lo que favorece la aparición de determinados riesgos psicosociales como son el estrés laboral, el desgaste profesional, el trabajo emocional, el estrés traumático secundario, el estrés moral y el conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia. Además, los nuevos escenarios que se presentan y van consolidando en nuestro país en relación a la donación de órganos, como son la donación en asistolia controlada y no controlada, o los cuidados intensivos orientados a la donación, generan nuevas situaciones y estresores a estos profesionales que aumentan su exposición al riesgo psicosocial en su trabajo. Por todo ello, aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión y propuesta de las demandas específicas y las causas que podrían influir en el desarrollo de estos riesgos entre estos profesionales, así como sus posibles consecuencias. También se proponen una serie de recursos laborales y personales que podrían ser útiles para afrontar las demandas laborales y que satisfacen muchas de las necesidades apuntadas por organismos de referencia en éste ámbito para la prevención y promoción de la salud y bienestar dentro de este colectivo, así como para la mejora del proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos

Background and aimsLimited data are available on the effectiveness and tolerability of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapies in the real world for HCV-infected patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV (3D/2D regimen) with or without ribavirin (RBV) in HCV or HCV/HIV co-infected patients with GT1/GT4 and CKD (IIIb-V stages), including those under hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in routine clinical practice in Spain in 2015.Material and methodsNon-interventional, retrospective, multicenter data collection study in 31 Spanish sites. Socio-demographic, clinical variables, study treatment characteristics, effectiveness and tolerability data were collected from medical records.ResultsData from 135 patients with a mean age (SD) of 58.3 (11.4) years were analyzed: 92.6% GT1 (81.6% GT1b and 17.6% GT1a) and 7.4% GT4, 14 (10.4%) HIV/HCV co-infected, 19.0% with fibrosis F3 and 28.1% F4 by FibroScan®, 52.6% were previously treated with pegIFN and RBV. 11.1%, 14.8% and 74.1% of patients had CKD stage IIIb, IV and V respectively. 68.9% of patients were on hemodialysis; 8.9% on peritoneal dialysis and 38.5% had history of renal transplant. A total of 125 (96.2%) of 135 patients were treated with 3D, 10 (7.4%) with 2D and 30.4% received RBV. The overall intention-to-treat (ITT) sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR12) was 92.6% (125/135) and the overall modified-ITT (mITT) SVR12 was 99.2% (125/126). The SVR12 rates (ITT) per sub-groups were: HCV mono-infected (91.7%), HCV/HIV co-infected (100%), GT1 (92.0%), GT4 (100%), CKD stage IIIb (86.7%), stage IV (95%) and stage V (93%). Among the 10 non-SVR there was only 1 virologic failure (0.7%); 4 patients had missing data due lost to follow up (3.0%) and 5 patients discontinued 3D/2D regimen (3.7%): 4 due to severe adverse events (including 3 deaths) and 1 patient´s decision.ConclusionsThese results have shown that 3D/2D regimens are effective and tolerable in patients with advanced CKD including those in dialysis with GT 1 or 4 chronic HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV coinfection in a real-life cohort. The overall SVR12 rates were 92.6% (ITT) and 99.2% (mITT) without clinically relevant changes in eGFR until 12 weeks post-treatment. These results are consistent with those reported in clinical trials.

It is well known that Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is associated with deficits in cognitive processes including visual memory impairments. One technique that might be used to ameliorate these impairments is the differential outcomes procedure (DOP) that involves associating each to-be-remembered stimulus with a specific outcome.Objective: Previous research has demonstrated that the DOP can be used to reduce or eliminate the learning and memory deficits associated with animal models of amnesia and dementia. Furthermore, this procedure has been shown to improve delayed facial recognition in healthy older adults as well as in patients diagnosed with AD. The main aim of the present study is twofold: to extend these findings to other types of visual stimulus and to investigate the effect of the DOP in memory retention in AD patients.Method: Ten patients diagnosed with AD and 10 healthy controls participated in this study. The experiment included two phases. In the first one, they had to perform a delayed matching-to-sample task. In the second phase, participants performed a recognition memory task, designed to assess long-term retention, 1 h and 1 week after the training.Results: Participants showed a better memory-based performance as well as a higher long-term retention of the information when trained under the differential outcomes condition, relative to the non-differential outcomes condition.Conclusions: The DOP seems to be an effective, easy-to-implement, technique to enhance visual memory in AD patients.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects about a quarter of the global population, poses a substantial health and economic burden in all countries, yet there is no approved pharmacotherapy to treat this entity, nor well-established strategies for its diagnosis. Its prevalence has been rapidly driven by increased physical inactivity, in addition to excessive calorie intake compared to energy expenditure, affecting both adults and children. The increase in the number of cases, together with the higher morbimortality that this disease entails with respect to the general population, makes NAFLD a serious public health problem. Closely related to the development of this disease, there is a hormone derived from adipocytes, leptin, which is involved in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Numerous studies have verified the relationship between persistent hyperleptinemia and the development of steatosis, fibrinogenesis and liver carcinogenesis. Therefore, further studies of the role of leptin in the NAFLD spectrum could represent an advance in the management of this set of diseases.

Se describe la anatomía foliar de las especies Gaiadendron punctatum y Tripodanthus belmirensis, al objeto de estudiar posibles caracteres que permitan una identificación precisa de estos dos géneros de la familia Loranthaceae, de hábito arbustivo o arbóreo. Las muestras se procesaron y sometieron a tinción con técnicas clásicas para su observación al microscopio óptico. Ambas especies presentaron similitudes como una epidermis monoestratificada y estomas de tipo rubiáceo. Sin embargo, se observó una composición anatómica claramente diferenciada en aspectos como el mesófilo, forma y ubicación de las células epidérmicas y la presencia de acumulaciones de súber en G. punctatum o idioblastos abundantes en T. belmirensis. Se construyó una clave dicotómica para la determinación de especies con base en caracteres anatómicos de la hoja entre las especies del género Tripodanthus y G. punctatum, además se discute brevemente el uso de caracteres anatómicos en la determinación y soporte de entidades taxonómicas diferenciables dentro de la familia Loranthaceae.

Background: Episodes of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) have been related to low survival rate. However, the relation between its clinical evolution and mortality has not been assessed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 245 cirrhotic patients admitted for an acute episode of HE (⩾grade 2) or who developed an HE episode after an upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) event was performed to assess the relation between time in HE and transplant-free survival. Results: Median (IQR 25–75 ) time in HE was 48 h (24–96 h) in the whole cohort. Patients who presented a longer time in HE (>48 h; n = 89) exhibited a lower transplant-free survival at 28 days (67.2% versus 88.9%, p < 0.001), 90 days (48.7% versus 73.8%, p < 0.001) and 365 days (30.3% versus 53.2%, p < 0.001), as compared to those with less time in HE (⩽48 h; n = 156). Survival rates remained significantly different, with lower percentages in the group with time in HE >48 h, when comparing patients according to baseline HE grade (2 versus ⩾3) or model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) function (⩽15 versus >15). Time in HE was also an independent risk factor for mortality at each time point, hazard ratio (HR) (95 CI%) 28 days 2.59 (1.39–4.84); 90 days 1.98 (1.28–3.1) and 365 days 1.5 (1.08–2.19). Conclusions: The duration of the acute HE episode determines survival in cirrhotic patients independently of liver function and baseline HE grade.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proporcionar una visión integradora de las relaciones entre el bienestar diario emocional de los empleados (afecto positivo y negativo) y la interacción entre la familia y el trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo, el distanciamiento y el significado de la vida. Trabajadores del sector de servicios en España ( N = 105) completaron un cuestionario general y cuestionarios diarias durante cinco días laborables. Los resultados mostraron que el conflicto familia-trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo y la búsqueda de sentido en la vida predecía a nivel diario el afecto negativo de los empleados por la noche. Por el contrario, el distanciamiento y la presencia de significado en la vida tenían una relación negativa con el afecto negativo por la noche. Por otra parte, la facilitación familia-trabajo, el distanciamiento y la presencia de sentido de la vida predecían el afecto positivo por la noche. Además, el distanciamiento moderaba la relación entre el conflicto familia-trabajo y el afecto negativo y entre la presencia de sentido de la vida y afecto positivo. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones prácticas para los individuos y las organizaciones y sugieren posibles vías de investigación futura.

Las variables de personalidad positiva del trabajador tienen una función decisiva en el desarrollo de los recursos personales que ayudan a los trabajadores a orientarse a la salud y el bienestar, y al óptimo desarrollo laboral. Desde esta perspectiva, se trata de exponer algunas de las teorías más representativas que intentan ofrecer una aproximación y explicación de los mecanismos implicados e intervinientes. Potencialmente, se pretende explorar y ofrecer un recorrido sobre cómo los aspectos positivos organizacionales y personales pueden tener una vinculación concluyente con la productividad, creatividad, y calidad del trabajo realizado, esto es, con los resultados organizacionales. Desde esta configuración, se va más allá de la clásica línea de prevención de los riesgos laborales y se intenta comprender cuáles son los factores organizacionales, laborales y personales que promueven la salud y el bienestar en las organizaciones, tanto para los trabajadores como para los usuarios del servicio prestado. Por último, se muestran algunos ejemplos que desde estas perspectivas pueden contribuir en la realización de buenas prácticas laborales.Workers' positive personality variables have a crucial role in the development of personal resources which help workers to provide guidance to health and well-being, and optimum employment development. From this perspective we have exposed some of the most representative theories that try to offer an approximation and explanation of the mechanisms involved. Potentially, we aim to explore and offer a general view on how organizational and personal strengths may have a conclusive linkage with productivity, creativity, and quality of work, that is, with the organizational results. From this configuration, we go beyond the classic line of occupational risks prevention trying to understand the organizational, work and personal factors that promote health and well-being in organizations, both for workers and the users of the service provided. As a final point, some examples are discussed which can help in the realization of good labour practices.

Resumen Los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos y que participan en las actividades relacionadas con la donación y trasplante de órganos están expuestos a un número importante de estresores en su trabajo, lo que favorece la aparición de determinados riesgos psicosociales como son el estrés laboral, el desgaste profesional, el trabajo emocional, el estrés traumático secundario, el estrés moral y el conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia. Además, los nuevos escenarios que se presentan y van consolidando en nuestro país en relación a la donación de órganos, como son la donación en asistolia controlada y no controlada, o los cuidados intensivos orientados a la donación, generan nuevas situaciones y estresores a estos profesionales que aumentan su exposición al riesgo psicosocial en su trabajo. Por todo ello, aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión y propuesta de las demandas específicas y las causas que podrían influir en el desarrollo de estos riesgos entre estos profesionales, así como sus posibles consecuencias. También se proponen una serie de recursos laborales y personales que podrían ser útiles para afrontar las demandas laborales y que satisfacen muchas de las necesidades apuntadas por organismos de referencia en éste ámbito para la prevención y promoción de la salud y bienestar dentro de este colectivo, así como para la mejora del proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos