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著者人数: 25名, Accepted: 2018-02-26, 資料番号: SA1180051000

Unloading-mediated muscle atrophy is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We previously demonstrated that elevated ubiquitin ligase casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) resulted in the loss of muscle volume (Nakao R, Hirasaka K, Goto J, Ishidoh K, Yamada C, Ohno A, Okumura Y, Nonaka I, Yasutomo K, Baldwin KM, Kominami E, Higashibata A, Nagano K, Tanaka K, Yasui N, Mills EM, Takeda S, Nikawa T. Mol Cell Biol 29: 4798–4811, 2009). However, the pathological role of ROS production associated with unloading-mediated muscle atrophy still remains unknown. Here, we showed that the ROS-mediated signal transduction caused by microgravity or its simulation contributes to Cbl-b expression. In L6 myotubes, the assessment of redox status revealed that oxidized glutathione was increased under microgravity conditions, and simulated microgravity caused a burst of ROS, implicating ROS as a critical upstream mediator linking to downstream atrophic signaling. ROS generation activated the ERK1/2 early-growth response protein (Egr)1/2-Cbl-b signaling pathway, an established contributing pathway to muscle volume loss. Interestingly, antioxidant treatments such as N-acetylcysteine and TEMPOL, but not catalase, blocked the clinorotation-mediated activation of ERK1/2. The increased ROS induced transcriptional activity of Egr1 and/or Egr2 to stimulate Cbl-b expression through the ERK1/2 pathway in L6 myoblasts, since treatment with Egr1/2 siRNA and an ERK1/2 inhibitor significantly suppressed clinorotation-induced Cbl-b and Egr expression, respectively. Promoter and gel mobility shift assays revealed that Cbl-b was upregulated via an Egr consensus oxidative responsive element at −110 to −60 bp of the Cbl-b promoter. Together, this indicates that under microgravity conditions, elevated ROS may be a crucial mechanotransducer in skeletal muscle cells, regulating muscle mass through Cbl-b expression activated by the ERK-Egr signaling pathway.

著者人数: 13名, Accepted: 2015-02-16, 資料番号: SA1150190000

著者人数: 15名, Accepted: 2017-12-01, 資料番号: SA1170263000

Parabolic flight lasting 20-30 s and short-term exposure to microgravity for several weeks have been used to examine changes in the neuromuscular system. Previous studies have shown that short-term exposure to microgravity induces an atrophy of fibers, shifting of fiber type from slow-twitch to fast-twitch with synthesis of new fiber types, decreased oxidative enzyme activity, and down-regulation of the mRNA expression of heat shock proteins in the antigravity skeletal muscles of rats. These changes are similar to those observed after decreased muscular activity and loading levels on Earth. Recent studies using long-term exposure to microgravity for several months have also revealed a decreased oxidative capacity of gamma and alpha motoneurons in the spinal cord of mice, as well as degenerative changes in the skeletal muscles. In this article, we reviewed changes in the neuromuscular system in response to parabolic flight of an airplane and short- and long-term exposures to microgravity on orbit around Earth. We especially focused on the oxidative capacity of spinal motoneurons that innervate muscle fibers., 形態: 図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains illustrations, 資料番号: DS1440101000

形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Translation title: Biomedical effects analysis using human head hair trace element analysis in Antarctica, 資料番号: AA0062055006, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-13-006

第31回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2017年1月16日-17日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 16-17, 2017. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 13名, 資料番号: SA6000061008, レポート番号: SUS31-M01

第31回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2017年1月16日-17日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 16-17, 2017. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 12名, 資料番号: SA6000061025, レポート番号: SUS31-G10

第29回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2015年1月24日-25日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 24-25, 2015. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 12名, 資料番号: SA6000035048, レポート番号: ISAS-SUR29-S43

第29回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2015年1月24日-25日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 24-25, 2015. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 23名, 資料番号: SA6000035034, レポート番号: ISAS-SUR29-S29

第29回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2015年1月24日-25日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 24-25, 2015. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 12名, 資料番号: SA6000035031, レポート番号: ISAS-SUR29-S26

著者人数: 16名, Accepted: 2010-11-20, 資料番号: SA1002792000

In this July, Space Shuttle Atlantis had safely returned to Kennedy Space Center. This was a last mission of all space shuttle programs lasted for 30 years. After the Space Shuttle retirement, space life science experiments will suffer from significant limitations, especially sample transport and recovery. Space life science experiments from 2011, must be more highly feasible operation and experiment plans. Meanwhile, the International Space Station (ISS) will be extended until 2020, it would be compulsory to have increasingly strong demand for a cost-effective research results. In addition, after the devastating earthquake disaster on this March 11 in east side of Japan, the budget of the space development and others except earthquake reconstruction will be very tight. Under such circumstances, space life science researchers themselves not only rely on JAXA should be necessary to consider the future research strategy including the need, the importance, for further development of space life sciences. Here is a personal opinion about the direction of future research as one of space life science researcher not only as a JAXA scientist., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: DS1440035000

Accepted: 2011-03-02, 資料番号: SA1003625000

資料番号: AC1200025000

Accepted: 2010-03-10, 資料番号: SA1002683000

資料番号: SA1000858000

In February 2008, 'Cell Wall Experiment' is scheduled to be launched and conducted using EMCS (European Modular Cultivation System) in ISS (International Space Station). The main aim of this experiment is to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which supporting tissues in land plants are constructed and maintained in response to gravitational conditions. In this paper, an outline of our space experiment and biological background are described, together with a perspective of how this project will contribute to both pure and applied life sciences., 資料番号: AA0063706109

資料番号: PAIS08283000

第30回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2016年1月19日-20日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 19-20, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000048016, レポート番号: G-12