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Power electronics is the key enabling technology for modern power systems. Power converters are increasingly used in a wide range of applications from generation to consumption levels. Due to the significant importance of power electronics in modern power systems, this book chapter presents the possible structure of the future power systems employing the microgrid (MG) technologies. Different MG topologies and converter structures are introduced. Moreover, the control and operation principles of power electronic converters in MGs are discussed. Two case studies are provided in order to show the importance of power electronics in operation and control of modern power systems. Finally, the chapter is summarized with highlighting challenges encountering modern power electronics-based power systems.

A microgrid is a small network of electricity users with a local source of supply that is usually attached to a larger grid but can function independently. The interconnection of small scale generating units, such as PV and wind turbines, and energy storage systems, such as batteries, to a low voltage distribution grid involves three major challenges: variability, scalability, and stability. It must keep delivering reliable and stable power also when changing, or repairing, any component, or under varying wind and solar conditions. It also must be able to accept additional units, i.e. be scalable. This reference discusses these three challenges facing engineers and researchers in the field of power systems, covering topics such as demand side energy management, transactive energy, optimizing and sizing of microgrid components. Case studies and results provide illustrative examples in each chapter.