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The present qualitative research study was aimed to identify the reasons that why teachers in primary schools do not use constructivist approach in teaching of English grammar and what are the hurdles and problems to teach English grammar through constructivist approach. Qualitative research design was used for the study. The researchers purposefully selected 15 teachers from 08 schools. The researchers developed interview which was based on o6 questions. The researchers did thematic analysis given by Strauss and Corbin (1990). It includes open codes, axial, category and themes. When the data were analyzed the main theme were: overcrowded classrooms, limited time, untrained teachers, teachers were not independent, workload, deficiency of teachers, lack of facilities, lack of preparation of teachers, lack of attention (teachers, parents attention and student attention), non-conducive environment and lack of assessment. It was recommended that proper training might be provided to teachers so that they might be able to teach grammar effectively through constructivist approach. Government should provide adequate facilities and sufficient number of trained teachers to primary schools. Facilities should be provided to schools for making the environment conducive. Assessment system should be based on conceptual understanding rather than memorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on paralyzed and death time, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were preliminarily investigated for possible biological effectiveness of anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Posthuma. After synthesizing ZnO NPs by low-temperature precipitation method with slight modification, size, morphology, and shape evaluation of these nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and annealing temperature in the range 400-700C. In this anthelmintic assay, the paralyzed time (PT) was gradually shorter with the increase of the sample concentration, for instance, when high concentration (40mg/ml) sample was applied on adult worms the paralyzed time was 35.6 minutes only. The death time (DT) was 450 and 80 minutes when the sample concentration was 20 and 40 mg/ml respectively. These results were compared with albendazole as a reference showed PT and DT 378.6 and 402.3 minutes respectively, and showed maximum dose-dependent anthelmintic activity. Finally, at higher concentration paralytic effect (PE) was showed much earlier and subsequently, it is important to note that the time taken for death observation was shorter.

The article analyzes the impact of B. R. Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism on Indian politics and religion. The author states that Ambedkar's Mass Conversion to Buddhism in 1956 has been identified with the struggle of the marginalized in India and provided alternative religious and political platforms for Dalits. He asserts that the difference between Ambedkar's religious beliefs and those of Karl Marx is superficial and was just part of Ambedkar's strategy to create Dalit political identity.

The article focuses on the political notions in Islam. It presents a brief background on the notion of ideology and religious fundamentalism in an attempt to place Islam as a political ideology. The development of the political philosophy after Prophet Mohammad and the development of post-Islamism are discussed.

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) have attracted huge attention due to their significance in oceanic observation and exploration. They offer a vast number of applications, many of which require routing the sensed data to a centralized location. This makes routing an important part of the design of such applications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of recently proposed routing protocols for UWSNs. We evaluate the proposed schemes through an extensive set of parameters that define the core characteristics of a routing protocol. Moreover, we present a summary of the methods used by each scheme to familiarize readers with the basic operations of the schemes. We also present our view of the strengths and weakness of each scheme. For ease of description, the addressed routing protocols are divided into two categories: localization-based, and localization-free routing schemes. Each of the two categories is further divided into the protocols that consider node mobility, and those that do not. Lastly, we present our view on open research topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatosplenic T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare, aggressive form of NHL, with a median survival of approximately 8 months. We were able to successfully induce complete remission in a patient with alpha/beta HSTCL who was refractory to multiple prior chemotherapy regimens, using the humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath). Once disease was controlled, the patient was able to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), which resulted in complete remission. Furthermore, upon relapse, we were able to re-induce complete clinical and molecular remission with donor lymphocyte infusions. At Day 655 (post-SCT), the patient remains in complete remission. These data suggest a potential role for alemtuzumab and allogeneic SCT in the treatment of T-cell NHL.