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Dynamical response of water exposed to x-rays is of utmost importance in a wealth of science areas. We exposed isolated water isotopologues to short x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we identify significant structural dynamics with characteristic isotope effects in H2O2+, D2O2+, and HDO2+, such as asymmetric bond elongation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A method to disentangle the sequences of events taking place upon the consecutive absorption of two x-ray photons is described. The obtained deep look into structural properties and dynamics of dissociating water isotopologues provides essential insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Background: The rapid development and distribution of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines has been essential in containing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic around the globe. For ongoing and future immunization campaigns globally, there is a need to evaluate the impact of population demographics such as age and sex, on vaccine efficacy and safety. Methods: This systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42023328245) conducted according to PRISMA guidelines evaluates the impact of age and sex on the safety and efficacy of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations administrated in 15 studies that were chosen according to strict criteria. The ROBIS tool was applied to evaluate the robustness and the quality of the studies included in the review. Results: After screening, 15 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines typically elicit robust immune responses, and that younger people have higher antibody levels. Comparing the sexes reveals that higher immunological responses were induced in females, and mild to moderate adverse effects (such as injection site discomfort, exhaustion, and headaches) were also more frequently reported in women. Despite these variations, COVID-19 vaccines have been found to be safe to use across diverse populations, which supports their extensive use in public health initiatives. Conclusion: Our results suggests that tailored vaccination may achieve maximum effectiveness and better tolerability depending on age and sex. Currently study results are rarely stratified by age and sex and this is a deficit in clinical trial publications. More research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the variations in vaccine responses according to age and sex.

Translational research serves as the bridge between basic research and practical applications in clinical settings. The journey from ''bench to bedside'' is fraught with challenges and complexities such as the often-observed disparity between how compounds behave in a laboratory setting versus in the complex systems of living organisms. The challenge is further compounded by the limited ability of in vitro models to mimic the specific biochemical environment of human tissues. This article explores and details the recent advancements and innovative approaches that are increasingly successful in bridging the gap between laboratory research and patient care. These advancements include, but are not limited to, sophisticated in vitro models such as organ-on-a-chip and computational models that utilize artificial intelligence to predict drug efficacy and safety. The article aims to showcase how these technologies improve the predictability of drug performance in human bodies and significantly speed up the drug development process. Furthermore, it discusses the role of biomarker discovery in preparation of more targeted and personalized therapy approaches and covers the impact of regulatory changes designed to facilitate drug approvals. Additionally, by providing detailed case studies of successful applications, we illustrate the practical impacts of these innovations on drug discovery and patient care.

Background: For military leaders, military values and virtues are important psychological prerequisites for successful leadership and for ethical and moral military behavior. However, research on predictors of military values and virtues is scarce. Given this background, we investigated whether Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), resilience, and vulnerable narcissism might be favorably or unfavorably associated with military values and virtues, and whether vulnerable narcissism could moderate the association between the OCB-by-resilience-interaction, and military virtues. Methods: A total of 214 officer cadets (mean age: 20.75 years; 96.8% males) of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF) volunteered to take part in this cross-sectional study. They completed a booklet of self-rating scales covering dimensions of military values and military virtues, OCB, resilience, and vulnerable narcissism. Results: Higher scores for military virtues were associated with higher scores for military values, OCB, and resilience, and with lower scores for vulnerable narcissism. Multiple regression models showed that higher scores for OCB and resilience were associated with military values and virtues. Vulnerable narcissism moderated the association between military virtues, and the OCB-by-resilience-interaction: the higher the vulnerable narcissism, the more the OCB-by-resilience-interaction was associated with lower scores for military virtues. Conclusions: Among cadets of the SAF, the associations between military values, military virtues, OCB, and resilience were highly intertwined, while vulnerable narcissism appeared to attenuate the association between military virtues, OCB, and resilience.

In supply chain management, the employed forecasting algorithm plays a very vital and crucial role in how a particular business performs well in the market. This study proposes a time series based forecasting model to help in designing an effective make-to-stock supply chain mechanism for tackling the large number of suppliers (suppliers diversion) and products (items diversion). The proposed technique extends the traditional ARIMA model to ARIMA Double Layering Technique (DLT) where the algorithm is implemented in two layers: first one is to obtain the number of orders level, and the other layer is implemented at the quantity level. The systematic implementation procedure of our approach is illustrated through a real case study. The accuracy evaluation and consistency of the results show that ARIMA -DLT provides superior forecasting when compared with ML-based models which provides insightful managerial views to other similar forecasting problems.

Abstract The recent prediction of diabetes to be a global pandemic invites a detection strategy preferably non-invasive, and bloodless to manage the disease and the associated complications. Here, we have synthesized chitosan polymer functionalized, organic–inorganic bio-compatible nano-hybrids of Mn3O4 nanoparticles, and characterized it by utilizing several optical methodologies for the structural characterization which shows the Michaelis Menten (MM) kinetics for glucose and alpha-amylase protein (well-known diabetes biomarkers). We have also studied the potentiality for the detection of alpha-amylase in human salivary secretion which is reported to be strongly correlated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Finally, we have developed a prototype for the measurement of glucose (LOD of 0.38 mg/dL, LOQ of 1.15 mg/dL) and HbA1c (LOD of 0.15% and LOQ of 0.45%) utilizing the basic knowledge in the study for the detection of uncontrolled hyperglycemia at the point-of-care. With the limited number of clinical trials, we have explored the potential of our work in combating the diabetic pandemic across the globe in near future.

The ultrafast structural dynamics of water following inner-shell ionization is a crucial issue in high-energy radiation chemistry. We have exposed isolated water molecules to a short X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we can image dissociation dynamics of individual molecules in unprecedented detail. We reveal significant molecular structural dynamics in H2O2+, such as asymmetric deformation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. We thus reconstruct several snapshots of structural dynamics at different time intervals, which highlight dynamical patterns that are relevant as initiating steps of subsequent radiation-damage processes.

Background:. With the increasing demand for aesthetic procedures, autologous fat grafting (AFG) seems to be an attractive option for facial volumization and rejuvenation. The aim of this study was to assess the type and severity of associated complications after facial AFG for aesthetic purposes. Methods:. The entire PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases were screened to identify studies describing complications that occurred after the injection of autologous fat into the face. These complications have been reviewed and analyzed according to their occurrence and severity in the different anatomical regions of the face. Results:. Twenty-two articles including 38 patients reported on a total of 58 complications. Thirty-two complications have been classified as severe or permanent, including hemiplegia (n = 11), loss of vision (n = 7), or skin necrosis (n = 3). The other 26 complications were classified as mild or transient, such as lipogranuloma (n = 12) or mycobacterial abscess (n = 2). The majority of complications were reported after injection to the forehead (n = 26) and the temporal region (n = 21). Interestingly, this location seems to be the area at risk because 53% of all severe complications occurred in this anatomical region. Conclusions:. AFG to the face is associated with a low incidence of complications, but if they occur, they can be dramatic, particularly in the forehead and temporal region. Nevertheless, AFG can be used to correct age-related changes of the face and volume loss and may represent an alternative to synthetic fillers. Therefore, AFG to the face should be performed by qualified doctors under careful consideration of risks and facial anatomy.

This work aims to enhance the polymeric composite properties by adding Iron wire mesh (Fe) and aluminum wire mesh (Al) as reinforcement materials with various ratios. A polymer blend of the [epoxy (EP)+ polyester (UPS)] as matrix material has been utilized. The hand layup approach has been utilized for manufacturing castings. Epoxy and polyester have been mixed with different volume ratios, involving (95:5,90:10, 85:15,80:20, and 75:25 Vol.%) of (epoxy: polyester). The blend was be reinforced with metal mesh with volume fractions (5,10,15, and 20%). The results show the best ratios of ultimate tensile strength are (95% epoxy + 5% unsaturated polyester), and tensile strength and young modulus increase with increased volume fraction of metal mesh. The best compressive strength (CS) value was obtained for a sample of (95% epoxy +5% unsaturated polyester). The compressive strength increased with increased volume fraction of iron mesh but reduced with used aluminum wire mesh. Also water absorption increased with increased unsaturated polyester, iron mesh, and aluminum mesh percentage.

Purpose: Oral isotretinoin is a derivative of vitamin A, used to treat acne vulgaris. One of its effects is altering the corneal surface and ocular glands, resulting in eye dryness and various other symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the impact of systemic isotretinoin treatment on ocular health and investigate the potential risk factors contributing to ocular pathology. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 489 participants in the Jazan region using a convenience sampling method. An online questionnaire composed of five sections, including the Arabic version of the validated Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), was used to assess the presence of ocular symptoms associated with isotretinoin usage as well as the potential contributing risk factors. Results: A significant association was established between oral isotretinoin use and specific eye symptoms, including a gritty feeling in the eye (66.4%), sore eyes (68.6%), blurry vision (75.9%), and the need for moisturizing drops (35%). OSDI severity varied according to isotretinoin usage status, with severe OSDI grades reported in 56.9% of current users, 51.2% of those who stopped < 2 months ago, and 38.8% of those who stopped ≥ 2 months ago. Furthermore, significant risk factors associated with worse OSDI grades included contact lens use and isotretinoin dose, with contact lens use being associated with a 17.5-point increase in OSDI scores, while each 10 mg increase in isotretinoin dose was linked to a 0.20-point rise in OSDI score. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of assessing individual risk factors before starting isotretinoin therapy and monitoring ocular health in patients undergoing therapy. Clinicians should be aware of preventive methods and should consider high-risk patients to an ophthalmologist for interventions, such as punctal plugs, that can reduce complications. Further research targeting specific populations with shared risk factors is needed to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) include PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. Their relationships and patterns of expression in PCa in developing countries, including Jordan, have not yet been investigated. Materials and Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) of PCa patients was taken from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 130 patients. PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 expression profiles were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with each other and other clinicopathological factors. Results: PTEN loss of any degree was observed in 42.9% of PCa cases. ERG and TFF3 were expressed in 59.3% and 46.5% of PCa cases, respectively. SPINK1 expression was observed in 6 out of 104 PCa cases (5.4%). Among all PCa cases (n = 104), 3.8% (n = 4) showed SPINK1+/ERG+ phenotype, 1.9% (n = 2) showed SPINK1+/ERG- phenotype, 56.7% (n = 59) showed SPINK1-/ERG+ phenotype, and 37.5% showed SPINK1-/ERG- phenotype (n = 39). Among ERG positive cases (n = 63), 6.3% were SPINK1 positive. Among SPINK1 positive cases (n = 6), 66.7% were ERG positive. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3 (6/6). Additionally, a statistically significant loss of PTEN expression was observed from Gleason Score 6 (GS6) (Grade Group 1 (GG1)) to GS9-10 (GG5); (p-value 0.019). Conclusions: This is the first study to look at the status of the PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 genes in a Jordanian Arab population. Loss of PTEN has been linked to more aggressive prostate cancer with high GSs/GGs. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3. Our results call for screening these biomarkers for grading and molecular subtyping of the disease.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affects various populations worldwide. The discovery of vaccinations was necessary for the prevention and elimination of the disease. Despite the high importance of these vaccinations, they may cause some complications, such as ocular complications. This study aims to draw attention to the possible complications of the vaccination and highlight its importance. Materials and Methods: Systematic review of the literature from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 20 published articles were included and reported cases of ocular complications in patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Results: A total of 243 patients with verified ocular complications following the COVID-19 vaccination were included, ranging in age from 18 to 84 years. The most common ocular complications reported in the current study were ocular inflammatory complications, which represented 47.3%, followed by optic neuritis (24.3%). Retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, acute macular neuroretinopathy, and paracentral acute middle maculopathy represented 10.7%. Herpetic ocular infections and herpetic eye disease (14%). Nearly half (42%) of the patients with ocular problems received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. Conclusions: Despite the high importance of the COVID-19 vaccination, it was found that it is associated with the occurrence of some ocular complications. Future projects should come with more extensive prospective studies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with ocular complications following COVID-19 vaccination, thereby enhancing our understanding and guiding appropriate management strategies.

This research aims to investigate the impact of fibre reinforcement on the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer matrix composites. The samples made of a hybrid polymer composite were made from the reaction of two polymers, 90% epoxy resin and 10% Resole resin, and were reinforced with two types of reinforcements. The reinforcement used for the current research was carbon and Kevlar fibers. The fibers were in plain weave and were added in volumetric fractions. This research assessed mechanical characteristics like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength in two cases: one for epoxy/Resole blend only and the other for a hybrid composite material. The addition of fibre reinforcement improves the mechanical properties of the epoxy. Kevlar fiber provides the best mechanical properties for the epoxy/Resole blend when reinforced with two layers of kevlar fibers.

We present two ICU-hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis in one eye and variable manifestations of chorioretinitis in the fellow eye. Two diabetic patients (57 and 62 years old) showed anterior uveitis and yellowish-white subretinal infiltrations. The fellow eye of one patient showed patches of choroiditis, while the other showed full retinal thickness infiltrations. A workup yielded high serum titers of galactomannan, diagnostic of aspergillosis. The widespread use of high doses of corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19 may predispose to various secondary fungal opportunistic infections and may manifest in different forms of chorioretinal infiltration.

This research paper presents a theoretical study on the effect of the blending of petro-diesel with locally made biodiesel on the engine's performance and emissions from a statistical point of view. The main purpose of this study is to study how the engine performance changes with the blending of biodiesel with ordinary diesel from the performance as well as the most influential factors point of view using statistical methods. The study was conducted at a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, engine speed range from 1000 to 3000 rpm and with diesel-biodiesel fuel blends of 0% (pure diesel), 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% (pure biodiesel). The parameters studied were brake torque, specific fuel consumption, and fuel mass flow rate, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. The results show that engine brake torque increases with the addition of biodiesel up to 5% BD with a 0.5% improvement at low speed and up to 2.5% at higher speeds. The same trend is for specific fuel consumption with 0.2% and 2.0% at lower and higher speeds, respectively. From the emissions' point of view, oxides of nitrogen increased from 12.5% at 5% BD to more than 200% at 100% BD; PM emissions were reduced with the addition of biodiesel while those for CO2 were increased. DOE analysis showed that biodiesel percentage has the most significant influence on the engine performance and emissions compared with engine speed except for the brake torque.

The inhibition impacts of two novel synthesized green biosurfactants (B-Surf.), namely, sodium N-dodecyl asparagine (AsS) and sodium N-dodecyl arginine (ArS), on the dissolution of mild steel alloy (MS-37-2), in aqueous sodium chloride solutions was inspected using various techniques. Increased concentration of NaCl solution resulted in an increase in the corrosion rate of MS-37-2. Inhibition efficiencies of B-Surf. compounds were found to increased with increase inhibitor concentrations. The synergistic inhibition action between B-Surf. inhibitors and Zn2+, Al3+ and Ce4+ on the dissolution behavior of steel alloy in NaCl solutions was investigated and interpreted. The surface morphology of the MS-37-2 surface was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. The evaluated thermodynamic functions supported the mechanism of physical adsorption of the inhibitors. The mechanisms of corrosion and its inhibition of MS-37-2 in NaCl solutions were interpreted.