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The integration of mobile technology is not a new thing nowadays. It became increasingly applied after the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Teachers need to use mobile technology devices widely to improve teaching effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the elements of teachers' acceptance of mobile technology as a learning alternative. The respondents consisted of 422 teachers in 24 secondary schools around Kedah, Malaysia. The results showed that teachers are impressed to integrate mobile technology based on three dimensions: effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit. This situation reflects teachers' willingness to translate their pedagogical abilities through the medium of technology. It has also recognized that internal motivation and teachers' natural habits are the driving force behind integrating mobile technology as a teaching aid to digital technology. Thus, mobile technology is a trend of daily use and can be utilized as the most advanced pedagogical material to go through learning in the 21st century.

Web-based course management such as Moodle platforms is gaining popularity in e-learning in higher education. However, there is very little published research that has linked the Self-Determination Theory to technology usage. The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine the influence of UTAUT2 constructs and Intrinsic Motivation (autonomy, competence and relatedness) on behavioural intention and actual use of Moodle in Blended Learning. The questionnaire, based on the adapted Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and the UTAUT2 constructs, was administered to 370 postgraduate students from Universiti Utara Malaysia. PLSSEM was used to analyse the results. Findings of this study revealed that Intrinsic Motivation influenced behavioural intention to use Moodle. All nine latent variables moderately influenced the actual use of technology. The findings of this study have important implications, and further research is suggested to explore the effects of intrinsic motivation on the actual use of learning management systems. Future studies could investigate variables for determining the acceptance of learning management systems such as technological, pedagogical and content knowledge.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the relationship and influence of mathematics teachers' perception and readiness on the practice of critical thinking skills (CTS) in implementing pedagogical processes in secondary schools. Methodology: Participants of the study consisted of 226 mathematics teachers who taught in three different secondary school categories, namely high performing schools (HPS), moderate performing schools (MPS) and low performing schools (LPS) throughout the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The instrument used was adapted from Thurman (2009) to test the teachers' perception of CTS, while the teachers' readiness to apply CTS was adapted from Nagappan (2001) and Yusof and Ibrahim (2012). Besides, measurement of the teachers' practice of CTS was adapted from Aldegether (2009), Barak and Shakhman (2008), and Shim and Walczak (2012). Findings: Teachers' perception, readiness, and CTS practice in mathematics teaching were high in HPS but low in LPS. There was a strong positive relationship between teachers' perception of CTS practice and teachers' readiness to implement CTS practice in mathematics teaching. In addition, a total of 65 percent variance was contributed by both variables, namely teachers' perception and teachers' readiness for CTS practice in mathematics teaching, and this contribution was very high. Significance: The findings of the study also proved that the practice of CTS has improved the pedagogical quality of teachers, especially in meeting the needs of 21st century learning in the classroom. The emphasis on higher order thinking skills (HOTS) is a continuation of the excellence of teaching strategies through a variety of planned learning resources.

The application of information technology and communication (ICT) in education has a significant impact on teachers. Administrators pressure them to use ICT to improve the quality of teaching and to learn in the classroom. However, teachers are still skeptical of the ability to embody pedagogical strategies through the use of ICT. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between principals' technology leadership and teachers' self-efficacy. The study also determined the dimensions of technology leadership that are predictors to the empowerment of teachers' self-efficacy in using ICT. There are two instruments used, namely NETS-A and TSES. The respondents of the study consisted of 376 teachers in Malaysia. The study was conducted based on a quantitative approach, and respondents were selected through multi-level sampling. The results of the t-test found no significant difference for the gender of teachers on the improvement of self-efficacy. Through correlation testing, there was a moderate relationship between technology leadership and teachers' self-efficacy. Even so, there is 24% of the influence of technology leadership that affects teachers' self-efficacy. Two contributing dimensions are excellence in professional practice and digital citizenship. In summary, principals can generate a revival of teachers' self -efficacy if they wisely encourage them to use ICT. Principals should be role models to teachers and students in ensuring that the concept of pedagogy in the classroom is always carried out through an ICT approach.

This paper is based on an action research that aimed to explore students' reflective thinking through reflective collaborative learning. Drawing on multiple methods collected through focus group interviews, reflections, and online feedback, this paper examines the processes in which students develop their collaborative reflective learning to provide peer feedback to improve each other's reflective writing. Two moments of intervention were set during the project to improve students' critical questioning and reflective writing. Overall, reflective thinking via collaborative reflective learning promotes knowledge sharing, enhances pedagogical methods and theory, increases understanding of learner characteristics, and fosters professional self-development.

Teachers' beliefs towards educational research has become one significant factor in explaining the gap between research and practice. The present study aimed at reviewing the scale to measure teachers' beliefs about the causes and problems related to research-based practices, describing beliefs that teachers appear to hold, and examining its relation to their demographic characteristics. The study involved 466 in-service teachers in Jakarta Province. The study employed the 24-item scale developed by Broekkamp and van Hout-Wolters (2007). The study indicated that 20 out of 24 items of the scale were valid and reliable to measure the teachers' beliefs. The scale consisted of two factors, namely, causes pertaining to research and causes pertaining to the use of research. The study also showed that most of participants tend to hold negative beliefs, especially pertaining to the use of research. There was significant difference in beliefs related to teaching experience.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the determinants of environmental knowledge sharing behaviour among accounting educators through the lens of an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Design/methodology/approach: A total of 95 accounting educators responded to a questionnaire survey. The data comprising information on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, possession of environmental knowledge and locus of control, as exogenous latent variables and intention to share and environmental knowledge sharing behaviour as endogenous latent variables, were analysed using the SmartPLS modelling technique. Besides the survey, interviews were conducted for triangulation purpose. Findings: Except for subjective norm, all hypotheses are supported. The findings from the interviews reveal that environmental knowledge sharing activities have put educators in a peculiar position in terms of sharing environmental knowledge, as carrying out environmental activities has not been taken seriously and also seen as not the norm among the faculty members. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on accounting educators from five Malaysian public universities and deepens the understanding of their behaviour in sharing their environmental knowledge. Practical implications: This study provides findings that can be useful for higher education institutions to strategize themselves in delivering environmental sustainability awareness in campus, which may enhance their efforts towards achieving sustainable development. Social implications: This study provides findings that there is a need to inculcate environmental knowledge sharing among educators. Such knowledge sharing may generate good environmental norms, which may result in better environmental awareness. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the main determinants of accounting educators' environmental knowledge sharing behaviour and extending the TPB by considering two additional variables.

This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technology Integration in Malaysian secondary schools. This is a crosssectional survey where systematic random sampling was carried out to select 47 principals and 375 teachers from National Secondary Schools in the northern region of Kedah, Malaysia. Two questionnaires were used: Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA), which is based on the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)--Standards for Administrators (2014) was administered to principals, while the Learning with ICT: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum Instrument was administered to the teachers from the same schools as the principals. Descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 25, and SmartPLS was used for inferential analysis. Although the findings showed that the levels of Technology Leadership; the five constructs of ISTE (2014), and Teachers' Technology Integration were at high levels but, there was no significant relationship between Principals' Technology Leadership and Teachers' Technology Integration in the selected schools in the northern region of Kedah. Principals' preparatory programmes should emphasize leadership based on technology to enhance the integration of technology in classrooms. Further research on professional development for principals' is recommended.

This study was conducted to identify whether the epistemological teacher-beliefs contributes towards the educational research practice in the classroom. This study involved 500 secondary schools teachers in the East Peninsular Malaysia whereby a mixed-method approach using a standard questionnaire and interview was used. In this study, a questionnaire on Teachers' Perception towards Epistemology (Knowledge) was adapted from Hofer & Pintrich (2002), and to measure Teachers' Perception towards Educational Research, researchers have adapted the questionnaires from Broekkamp & Van Hout-Wolters (2007). The findings from Pearson Correlations showed that there is a weak positive relationship but significant (r=0.26, p = 0.00), whereas multiple regression analysis showed that epistemological teacher-beliefs (ß=0.26, p<0.05) is a predictor for educational research. Furthermore, interview findings showed that the element of epistemological teacher-beliefs understanding and the support of school administrators is a contributing factor to the success of educational research in schools. It was recommended among others that the school leaders should continue to strengthen educational research practices among teachers as an effort to improve teaching quality and the effectiveness of the schools.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship and the effect of school leaders' authentic leadership towards teachers' job stress. A cross-sectional quantitative approach using a questionnaire has been used on 330 teachers from 143 excellent performance primary schools in the Eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Authentic Leadership Questionnaire instrument (ALQ) was adopted from Walumbwa et al., (2008) and Teachers' Work Stress instrument (TWS) by Collie et al. (2012) and Boyle, Borg, Falzon, & Jr. (1995) was used to obtain the data. Descriptive statistical analysis shows that the level of authentic leadership among the leaders is high and the level of teachers' job stress is. The finding also revealed that there is a moderate negative significant relationship between school leaders' authentic leadership and teachers' job stress. Furthermore, Stepwise's multiple regression analysis shows that authentic leadership also contributed a significant negative impact on teachers' job stress. This study recommends that school leaders adopt authentic leadership in their practices to improve and manage teachers' job stress which in turn will help to improve school excellence, especially across the current era of globalization.

This study was conducted to identify the level of practice of critical thinking skills (CTS) and to determine whether the dimensions of perception and readiness of the teachers were the predictors of the implementation of the CTS. A cross-sectional quantitative approach using questionnaires have been used on 226 Mathematics teachers teaching in high performing school (HPS), medium performing school (MPS) and low performing school (LPS) in Kelantan, Malaysia. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the level of practice of CTS in HPS was higher than MPS and LPS. Post-Hoc Multiple Comparisons test also showed no significant differences for perception and teacher readiness mean scores towards CTS between HPS, MPS and LPS. Furthermore, Stepwise's multiple regression analysis shows that perception and teacher readiness is a predictor factor in the practice of applying CTS in the Mathematical learning and teaching process in schools. This study provided a significant contribution towards improving the practice of CTS in Mathematical learning and teaching to realize educational excellence across the 21st century learning that emphasizes high-order thinking skills (HOTS). Hence, teachers should plan their lessons well by selecting effective strategies and teaching and learning materials that will inculcate and enhance CTS in students simultaneously achieving the teaching and learning objectives.

The job stress model was developed by Boyle, Borg, Falzon, and Jr. (1995) with 20 items in five (5) dimensions named workloads, professional recognition, students' misbehaviour, time and resource constraint, as well as peer relationship. A study was carried out later by Collie, Shapka, and Perry (2012) using the same items as proposed by Boyle et al. (1995), with one (1) additional four (4) items dimension named technology. The aim of this particular study was to re-examine and re-confirm that the measurement model for job stress construct with the respective dimensions and items would hold for teachers in the primary schools setting in Kelantan, Malaysia. Thus, this study employed confirmatory factor analysis to achieve the objective. As a result, this study proposed a measurement model which described factors contributing primary school teachers' job stress with eight (8) dimensions, namely T1 (students misbehaviour), T2 (workloads), T3 (professional recognition), T4 (time and resource constraint), T5 (interpersonal relationship), T6 (training and support towards technology), T7 (curriculum facilities and exposure constraints) and T8 (technology literacy). This model evaluated its construct validity by estimating both convergent and discriminant validity, while evaluating the internal consistency of the proposed model itself, and estimates how the instrument determines the reasonable relations among the latent factors mentioned above, and how it describes the reasonable results and assigns the quality of data fit within it. The specific model can be used by researchers to evaluate the effect of different aspects of job stress in the education institutions.

The objective of the present study was to determine whether teacher collaboration is a mediator of the strategic leadership and teaching quality in schools. This study involved 300 teachers in the high prestige secondary schools in Kelantan, Malaysia, whereby a cross-sectional survey approach using a standard questionnaire was used. The strategic leadership instrument used has been adapted from Hairuddin Ali (2012), while the collaborative instrument has been adapted from Barkema and Moran (2013). In addition, to measure the teaching quality among teachers, the researcher adapted the questionnaire that has been developed by Shahril Marzuki (2005). The findings from multiple regression analysis show that teacher collaboration is a mediator of strategic leadership and teaching quality (B=0.14, p<0.05). It was recommended among others that the school leaders should continue to strengthen collaborative practices among teachers as an effort to improve teaching quality in their respective schools which in turn will help to improve school excellence, especially across the current era of globalization.

This study examined the relationship between school leaders' instructional leadership and teachers' functional competency in high prestige schools in the Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The research design employed for this study was descriptive method of the correlational survey type. This survey was administered to 225 teachers from 12 secondary and primary schools to collect the necessary data. Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale Questionnaire was adopted from Hallinger and Murphy (1985) and Integrated Assessment Module for Education Services Officers (2014) was used to obtain the data. The study found that the level of instructional leadership among the leaders as high (M = 3.94, SD = 0.55) and the level of teachers' functional competency as very high (M = 4.23, SD = 0.41). The finding also revealed that there is a very strong significant relationship between school leaders' instructional leadership and teachers' functional competency (r = 0.956, p = 0.000). The findings further suggested that there is an averagely strong significant relationship (r = 0.397, p = 0.000) between school leaders' instructional leadership and teachers' knowledge; and a positive with weak but significant relationship (r = 0.345, p = 0.000) between school leaders' instructional leadership and teachers' skills. This study recommends that school leaders adopt instructional leadership in their practices to improve teachers' functional competency.