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Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a condition warranting further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5, has received considerable research attention in recent years (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Characterized by problematic and repetitive use of Internetbased games, research suggests a complex etiology and that frequent usage, in and of itself, is not necessarily always problematic. Common motivations for intense usage, such as feelings of isolation, distress, and boredom may, in part, reflect an individual’s best attempts to navigate contact with the ‘ultimate’ anxieties identified by Yalom (1980). This article reviews the research pertaining to IGD, conceptualizes the disorder from an existentialhumanistic therapy (E-H) perspective, and concludes with an explanation of how E-H can offer a unique treatment perspective from which to work with clients struggling with problematic online gaming concerns within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. © 2021 American Psychological Association

OBJECTIVES Racism is a key determinant of mental health for African Americans. Although research has started to uncover moderators and mediators of the racism-health link, additional research in this area is warranted. Constructs that have yet to be examined in this link are self-compassion and self-coldness-two distinct ways of relating to oneself during adversity. METHOD Data from 133 African American college students were used to assess parallel mediation models in which the frequency and stress appraisal of racism were the predictor variables, psychological distress was the outcome variable, and dimensions of self-compassion and self-coldness were treated as mediators. RESULTS Neither frequency nor appraisal of racism were related to the three types of self-compassion (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness); yet, both racism frequency and appraisal were related to the three types of self-coldness (i.e., self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification). However, only self-judgment emerged as a significant mediator in the links between both frequency and appraisal of racism and distress, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reducing self-coldness in the face of racism can be a promising, individual-level wellness strategy for African Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction. The article focuses on the role of the body as a marker of the opposition friend :: enemy in military prose. The external features of belonging the person to this or that military camp, as well as the way of the individual’s bodily features correlation with his political position are analyzed. A group of lexemes used to describe the body of the enemy, as well as changes in the external characteristics of a person when changing its political position are singled out. Particular attention is given to the connotation of injury as a justification for the lack of its own political position, as well as the possibility of choosing the side of the confrontation.Much attention is paid to the peculiarities of the image of the appearance of war criminals in contemporary works. As a material of the research, popular contemporary Ukrainian works devoted to the events in the East of Ukraine were selected: Sergei Zhadan's “Boarding School”, S. Dzyuba's “Call Sign “Banderas”, A. Kirsanov.Purpose. The paper aims at revealing the vocabulary, which is used to describe the body of the enemy in military prose. A descriptive method and the method of analysis of intelligence information are applied.Results. In general, analyzing the lexemes that are used to describe the appearance of the enemy in the military texts denoting the conflict in the East of Ukraine, we can come to the following conclusions: contemporary Ukrainian writers gradually move away from the tradition of depicting persons belonging to the category “alien”, with distinct connotes of deformity. They are often described as ordinary people, can be neutral (like the Manequin) or have attractive features (for example, there is a description of the appearance of Beard from the “Call Sign “Banderas”). This tendency is about rethinking the portrait of the enemy. She also emphasizes the complexity of the situation in the East of the country, because her opponents are former friends, neighbors (according to the data analyzed by the Tories).Conclusion. Of particular interest for further study is the consideration of other works devoted to ATO, the isolation of the somatic vocabulary used to denote enemies, the derivation of general patterns of its use, as well as a comparative analysis of these linguistic units and somatic words used to denote enemies in the literature of the twentieth century.

Taking advantage of the divergent strategies for instruction at different universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents a quasi-experiment comparing narrative media use by students at an online-only university (lower social interaction) with those at an in-person university (higher social interaction). To do so, we rely on perspectives from research on parasocial relationships, retrospective imaginative involvement, and self-determination theory. Students with lower social interaction were expected to rely more heavily on narrative media content to satisfy intrinsic needs by engaging in parasocial relationships with media characters and also retrospectively imagining media content. Our results confirmed that parasocial relationships and retrospective imaginative involvement were predictive of need satisfaction through narrative media;however, these patterns were similar among students at both universities—likely due to extreme feelings of isolation in both groups © 2021 American Psychological Association

Behavioral states naturally alternate between wakefulness and the sleep phases rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep. Waking and sleep states are complex processes that are elegantly orchestrated by spatially fine-tuned neurochemical changes of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators including glutamate, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, hypocretin, melanin concentrating hormone, adenosine, and melatonin. However, as highlighted in this brief overview, no single neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, but rather their complex interactions within organized neuronal ensembles, regulate waking and sleep states. The neurochemical pathways presented here are aimed to provide a conceptual framework for the understanding of the effects of currently used sleep medications.

Graduate students commonly experience isolation and estrangement when conducting their final research projects, which can contribute to difficulties in completion. A creative and socially beneficial way to offset academic isolation is for graduate students to engage in participatory and action-oriented research projects with local communities. Facilitating a research study with a local partner can be a richly rewarding experience. This article argues that students who enjoy working in collaborative environments and want their final research projects to lead to beneficial social change can find fulfillment in action research (AR) methodologies. Critiqued by some for its lack of tangible and practical methods and its over-reliance on ideology, others, including the author, argue that the benefits of participatory research far outweigh the challenges.

This chapter demonstrates the continuing importance of speech and thought presentation in the stylistic analysis of prose fi ction. It focuses in particular on the category of free indirect thought, which has historically been of great interest to narratologists and literary critics. Recent attacks on the usefulness of the speech and thought presentation categories, for example by adherents of a ‘theory of mind’ approach, have singled out free indirect thought as being unrepresentative of the variety of mental functioning to be found in prose fi ction. While supporting many of this group’s insights concerning the importance of ‘intermental thought’ and ‘the intermental mind’ in the novel, this chapter argues that this does not mean that the traditional categories of speech and thought presentation should be disregarded altogether. With particular attention to one recent experimental novel, David Foster Wallace’s posthumously-published The Pale King (2011), the chapter suggests that free indirect thought remains widespread in twenty-fi rst century fi ction, albeit in a different form to the most commonly studied examples of the style in the nineteenth-and twentieth-century novel. It demonstrates that free indirect thought can do more than represent a solitary individual consciousness in isolation, and that it is in fact ideally suited to the contemporary novel’s depiction of the confl ict between the individual and the vast impersonal and institutional forces of our current age.

This article documents and juxtaposes two side effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on refugee health, housing, and living conditions in Greece. First is the intensification of state‐led practices of what is increasingly known as “campisation,” hyper‐isolation, and ultimately the stigmatisation of refugee populations. Second is the intensification of refugee‐led “commoning” practices of self‐ and community care and the creation of “caringscapes” inside and outside the camps, which has produced new sociospatial connections that have challenged isolation. Documenting these interrelated processes side by side, we draw attention to two important insights. First is that the proliferation of caringscapes acts as an important, but ultimately insufficient, antidote against increased exclusion marginalisation and stigmatisation of refugees. Second is that new ethics and new forms of collective care that have emerged alongside repeated mantras about individual responsibility and social distancing can become levers to imagine a less individualistic, less divisive, and less isolated world. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Geographical Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores how gender affects idea endorsement. We depart from the existing approach, which considers the effect of gender and other factors in isolation and propose that endorsement depen...

Background: Depression is the most common mental disorder. The symptoms of depression include loss of energy, changes in appetite, more or less sleep, anxiety, low concentration, uncertainty, restlessness, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or despair, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. In order to provide safe, efficient, and cost-effective medication, the plant-based principles in isolation or combination with traditional antidepressants are gaining increasing attention for depression therapy. Method: This study includes the information regarding the present review and its contents collected from published literature materials in different international journals. We have used different search engines such as PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, Google Semantic Scholar, and Science Direct. For this purpose, the data obtained were properly organized and analyzed to include in this article. Results: Most of the phytomolecules isolated from the medicinal plants display antidepressant effects through the synaptic regulation of levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in different parts of the brain. The mechanism of action of phytomolecules also involves negative regulation of the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and prevention of hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, the strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of these phytochemicals offer synergy to their antidepressant as well as antipsychosomatic functions. Conclusion: The application of phytochemicals has proved it to be a safe, cost-effective, and efficient therapeutic agent to treat patients suffering from mild to severe states of depression and other psychiatric disorders. The potential phytochemicals may be further optimized using in silico tools to develop better antidepressants and antipsychotic agents in the future.

In this article, we examine the empirical and theoretical support for the idea that experiences of isolation can intensify substance use, even among those in committed close relationships, and can increase the likelihood of negative conflict behaviors, including intimate partner violence (IPV). Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and laboratory-based research suggest that individuals and couples who report experiences of social exclusion and have fewer social supports experience more mental health problems, more negative emotional experiences, and higher levels of stress. These negative outcomes spur coping efforts to reduce these distressing states, which often involve pain-relieving substances such as alcohol. We describe how dynamic models of relationship conflict and IPV can integrate alcohol and substance use patterns among both individuals and couples to understand and predict contexts leading to conflict escalation and IPV perpetration.

In this review, we suggest attachment science as a framework for understanding the negative impact of loneliness and social disconnection on mental and physical health and for guiding the interventions of clinicians. We provide an overview of current findings linking loneliness and social isolation to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, as well as to physical illnesses such as heart disease. We propose emotionally focused therapy for couples, families, and individuals to enhance the quality of people's emotional ties to significant others and their subjective sense of social connectedness. We conclude by suggesting that the strengthening of emotional, interpersonal bonds, which is the primary focus of all forms of emotionally focused therapy, can help restore emotional balance, thereby protecting people from chronic feelings of isolation and the host of health problems that they can cause.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Women with disabilities are typically expected to work in underpaid positions and earn much less when compared with men with disabilities or women without disabilities. In this study, we interviewed women who are at the other end of this spectrum-women with disabilities who were engaged in a high-skilled professional sector. We report their lived experiences and how the intersections of their identities impact, contradict, and collide with the aforementioned assumption. We use feminist disability theory and Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality to inform our research. Research Method/Design: In-depth semistructured qualitative interviews adopting a phenomenological framework were conducted with 37 women with disabilities who hold advanced degrees and work in higher-paying professions. RESULTS Some of the themes generated from our analysis of the interviews included isolation and hopelessness, a sense of tokenism or de-legitimization, limitations of provided accommodations, the intersection of gender and disability, and how multiple layers of identity fuel marginalization. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Despite their success in placement, women with disabilities in the United States still experience numerous barriers in professional sectors. It is imperative to better understand the implications of intersectionality and how discrimination and marginalization can also impact those with successful employment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Dostoevsky realizes the motive of home in an inseparable antinomical connection with the motive of homelessness, which is opposite to it, artistically embodied in the idea of familylessness, wandering, Chaos, and Entropy. The relevance of the study of the motives of home and homelessness lies in the gradual reconstruction of the author's concept of the saving future. In this article, the motives of home and homelessness are considered in several aspects, including toponymic, functional, archetypal and ontological. We tried to demonstrate the implementation of the stated motives at the level of such categories as faith-unbelief, Heaven and Hell, brotherhood and isolation. In the novel Demons , the idea of national soil and separation from it, the possible salvation of a person and the consequences that await society in the event of the dominance of demons and the loss of the primordial brotherhood - the intimate connection between people, is consistently developed. From this point of view, the motives of home and homelessness become significant for the novel space. The archetype of home contains the idea of a saving own circle, which is opposed to the outside world with its hostility, spontaneity, and disaster. Everything that is located outside this circle are elements belonging to the anti-world, and therefore their effect on the microcosm of home is destructive. Analysis of the text confirms that the archetype of Dostoevsky's home is destabilized. Its tightness is broken; the boundaries protecting the interior are permeable. The motive of the home is typically supplanted by the motive of homelessness, and therefore it is natural to consider this motive couple in its antinomical continuity. In the above study, the motives of home and homelessness are considered as ontological: they are associated with the existential level of the work, due to which it is possible to establish the ontological status of the actants and determine the relationship with the so-called initial idea.

The Jihadi-salafist doctrine which is at the Islamist terrorism origin that affects several countries since the emergence of Al Qaeda in the late 80's, gave birth to the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham/Levant (ISIS/ISIL) established as a Caliphate in 2014. Despite the ISIS official military defeat in 2019, the Jihadi-Salafist current - whose history goes back a long way, is currently behind a number of attacks whether collective or individual, claimed by known organizations or committed in isolation. In our perspective, we try to apprehend the attraction power of the Jihadi narrative issue taking the Theory of Social Representations as a paradigmatic framework. This implies that we dont consider the Jihadi current membership as the manifestation of a deviation from normality or optimal rationality, but as the expression of a certain common sense resonance. More precisely, and taking the case of the Tunisian context, the success of the Jihadi narrative is explained by its effectiveness as an interpretive grid and as a guide for action, making it possible to re-anchor a reality lacking in meaning. This hypothesis of a re-anchoring implies that anchoring as described by Moscovici as one of the two processes at the origin of the social representations formation (with the objectification process), could be not only as a familiarization of the strange by inserting it in an already known pre-existing frame, but by substituting to the frame itself, a new one, in order to be able to insert familiar objects which would have lost their sense precisely because of the old frame itself. This hypothesis could offer a theoretical and heuristic perspective allowing the anchoring process to be conceived as a circular and non-definitive process.

The famous letters by Pliny the Younger and emperor Trajan about the Christian community of Bithynia-Pontus have traditionally been highly significant in the study of early Christianity. However, the letters have often been read in isolation. The rest of the correspondence between emperor and governor contained in the tenth book of Pliny’s Epistulae, meanwhile, has rarely been taken into account in a systematic way. This contribution will demonstrate that our understanding of the Christian letters is significantly enhanced by taking into account the underlying principles that shaped Roman provincial administration, and by placing Pliny’s interactions with the Christian community within the wider context of his duties as a Roman governor.

Objective To explore the lived experiences of African American mothers after the death of their infants. Design Qualitative, interpretive phenomenologic study. Setting Northeast Louisiana. Participants Seven self-identified African American women whose infants died during the first year of life; the women’s ages ranged from 18 to 38 years at the time of the infant’s death. Methods Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenologic approach guided the data collection and analysis. The women were interviewed using in-depth questioning to determine the meaning of the infant loss experience and their subsequent efforts to cope. Results Six themes represented the experiences of loss for the mothers: Shattered Dreams, Questioning God, Dissociation, Paralyzing Fear, Left in the Dark, and Uniqueness of Grieving. Three themes affected the women’s efforts to cope after their loss: Authentic Presence, Spiritual Empowerment, and Disconnectedness. Conclusion African American women who experienced infant death described intense feelings of loss, guilt, and isolation. These negative emotions can potentially affect their physical and psychological health. These findings may help health care providers develop culturally sensitive understanding of African American mothers’ experiences of loss and equip providers to provide holistic assessment, appropriate support, and treatment for these vulnerable women.

Abstract. The current study examined how reported early life experiences of isolation encountered by Holocaust survivors affect the relationship between their current feeling of loneliness/feeling of positive solitude and their level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. To this end, using a convenient sampling methodology 81 community-dwelling older adults reported the number of years they had been alone or the level of loneliness they had experienced during the Holocaust, their level of current loneliness/positive solitude, and their level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. More years spent alone during the Holocaust were related to a stronger positive association between loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms; feeling lonelier was also related to a stronger negative association between positive solitude and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The findings emphasize that survivors who reported more years of isolation during the Holocaust are prone to be more sensitive when associated with current loneliness to the deleterious results of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, survivors who felt lonelier during the Holocaust demonstrate lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms when reporting on a higher level of positive solitude. Intervention focus on improving positive solitude capability may become beneficial for those suffering from loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

The beginning of the teaching career is an important phase, encircled by tensions, insecurity, fear and isolation that influence both the practice and teaching habitus (consolidation of addictions, traumas and ways of being) and the permanence of the profession. In this article, we intend to discuss the main aspects that permeate the early years of the teaching career in Chemistry, as this is a line of research that needs greater dissemination among teacher trainers and the school community, who play a fundamental role in providing personal and professional support to beginning teachers. Furthermore, we believe that it is up to the degrees to provide subsidies - theoretical and practical - that support the reflection-action of teachers at the beginning of their careers. It is this theoretical security, based on quality and critical reflection, that allows the recent graduate to assume that theory and practice are inseparable, as well as to better control and face adverse situations, emotions and dilemmas experienced during this period.

Durante la pandemia Covid-19, proyectos pedagógicos en cárceles de la provincia y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, impulsados por universidades públicas y/o asociaciones civiles, debieron reformular sus prácticas artístico-culturales destinadas a promover las voces de las personas privadas de libertad y su participación en la esfera pública. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las acciones que algunos de estos programas realizaron en el marco del confinamiento obligatorio desde una perspectiva pedagógica en torno a los procesos de subjetivación que habilitan la educación, el arte y la cultura en la cárcel. Se abordarán mediante el análisis crítico de los discursos para considerar los modos en que se representan a sí mismos las y los estudiantes privados de libertad y cómo dan cuenta de las condiciones de encierro, oponiéndose, respondiendo o denunciando los relatos de los medios hegemónicos que tienen un rol privilegiado en la construcción de representaciones de la cárcel y las personas detenidas, pero que raramente incluyen sus voces. Concluimos que estas producciones son canales para el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión, entre otros derechos, durante el periodo de aislamiento, que profundizó el silenciamiento al reducir el tránsito de voces y personas al interior de la cárcel.

In this intervention I make two main suggestions to humanize refugee research. First, the tendency to select “research hotspots” as field sites—where researchers tend to approach the same interviewees and spaces—should not only be called out and avoided, but battled against. Second, I suggest that refugee research should collaborate directly with other studies of social, political, and economic phenomena in an effort to not make displacement the sine qua non condition for doing research but, instead, only one of the many conditions a human being can inhabit within receiving societies. Pursuing this aim will be easier when studies on forced migration do not become compartmentalized and develop in isolation from other disciplines and research groups., Dans cette intervention, je fais deux suggestions principales pour humaniser la recherche sur les réfugiés. Premièrement, la tendance à choisir des points comme terrains de recherche - où les chercheur.es approchent souvent les mêmes répondant.es et les mêmes espaces - doit être non seulement dénoncée et évitée, mais aussi combattue. Deuxièmement, je suggère que la recherche sur les réfugiés devrait s’effectuer en collaboration directe avec d’autres champs d’études portant sur des phénomènes sociaux, politiques et économiques afin d’éviter de faire du déplacement la condition sine qua non de la recherche, mais plutôt l’une des nombreuses conditions qu’un être humain peut vivre au sein des sociétés d’accueil. La poursuite de cet objectif sera plus facile si les études sur la migration forcée ne se compartimentent pas et ne se développent pas en vase clos par rapport aux autres disciplines et groupes de recherche.

This paper examines games during the COVID-19 pandemic as ontological barriers or barzakhs (singular: barzakh). The traditional meaning of barrier as separation is coupled with the Greek meaning of play as Poiesis (which may also be understood as describing acts of creation). We expand the semantics of ‘barrier’ so as to describe pandemic phenomena that exist at the points at which opposites meet: synthetic game and the world of real game;the infected and the healthy;the player and the character being played;life and death. Our perception of both home and the exterior world has changed significantly in the time of the plague. At-home gaming, far from signalling our modern confinement, enables moments in which we may challenge our imprisonment. To bring this idea home, we deploy barzakh as a moral imperative, a site of both necessary isolation and opportunities of engagement, proof of our need for both interaction and distance, a place for the enactment of our knowing and strategic waiting in relation to the pandemic. Through the term, we theorize the link between barrier and other similar categorical divides (distances, masks, gloves, borders and quarantines) which we activate during lockdown to work through our puzzlement, win the social game of civil goodness and to downplay, and ultimately survive, the pandemic of our times. © 2021 University of the Witwatersrand.

During COVID-19 the practice of social distancing has affected society in various ways. There is still much to learn about the harmful effects of isolation due to social distancing on societal mental health, however, others have noted potentially positive side effects from social distancing such as the observance of solitude (Levine, 2020; Mercier et al., 2021). Solitude and loneliness are distinct experiences (Melvin, 2021). This point of view article contends that Christian social workers should consider the ramifications of both loneliness and solitude in light of COVID-19. This article utilizes Christian scriptures and current literature to define and discuss the differences between loneliness and solitude. There is also a discussion throughout the article about how Christian social workers can recognize and utilize these concepts in their practice with clients and in their own self-care.

COVID-19 has had a devasting impact on older adults in Canada, including persons living with dementia. This intrinsic case study sought to understand the perceptions of persons living with dementia regarding how COVID-19 has impacted their well-being. Ten persons living with dementia participated in in-depth qualitative interviews about their experience with COVID-19. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) expressing current and future concerns; (2) social connections and isolation; (3) adapting to change and resilience through engagement and hope; and (4) we’re not all the same: reflecting individual experiences of the pandemic. Results highlight that while COVID-19 contributed to isolation, concerns, and frustrations, persons with dementia also demonstrated adaptation and resilience. This study reinforced that persons with dementia and their responses to challenges are unique. Therefore, interventions to support persons with dementia must also be individualized to each person’s abilities and circumstances.

COVID-19 and its imposed social confinement entailed a radical shift in research, supervision and learning in doctoral education. Heightened flexibility in delivery, sensitivity and compassion and greater reliance on technology sought to address not merely scholars' pedagogical but holistic needs, which became more prominent during the pandemic. Face-to-face doctoral supervision and academic events were conducted online to overcome hurdles presented by 'social distancing'. We examine how the dynamics of our group supervision for international doctoral scholars changed after shifting to online mode. We employed an autoethnographic approach to highlight evolving rewards and challenges in conducting online meetings with a group of international scholars. Focusing on this group is timely since the 'working-from-home' mode contributed to doctoral scholars' isolation and stress that they experienced. This paper: a) exemplifies the psychological benefits fostered by online meetings;and b) highlights creative virtual pedagogies and practices worth adopting even after the pandemic is over. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Innovations in Education & Teaching International is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

This paper analyzes the evolution of a small electronic music scene in Brisbane from the mid-1980s to the present. Drawing upon the concept of scene and highlighting its local and trans-local dimensions, we assess how the place-bound attributes of Brisbane (cultural and political history, climate, built form) are still relevant when analyzing the emergence and development of an electronic music scene. The place-bound attributes of Brisbane played a strong role in shaping this scene: the sub-tropical climate enabling outdoor parties; the development of a strong trans-local character due to isolation; ‘scene hopping’ strategies from electronic artists, as well as bands; the hostile political and social environment that characterized Queensland, have all influenced the development of its electronic scene and informed the local/interlocal/virtual dimensions of this scene.

The Covid-19 pandemic is demonstrating the need for leaders to seek new solutions for supporting the pivotal role played by the non-profit context. The present paper is designed to investigate, in terms of crisis management and crisis communication, how non-profit organisations make sense through the mental map’s elements: sense-making, sense-giving, sense-breaking, and their outcomes on donors/volunteers’ intentions. Firstly, a semi-structured focus group was applied with the Federation of Three Children (OPOTTE) in Greece. Then, 36 semi-structured in depth-interviews proceeded, consisting of non-profit leaders that are managing branches of the Federation across Greece. Lastly, the “questerview “technique was used to enhance the credibility of the findings. The results revealed that Greek non-profit organisations are well-organized, as they are familiar with how to cope with an emergency. However, the reality of isolation was the only unfamiliar situation that had to be addressed. The crisis presents particular opportunities for future academic research and a basis for supporting policymakers, decision-makers, and non-profit leaders, grappling with an uncertain future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12208-021-00319-x.

PURPOSE Shame occurs when an individual blames a globally flawed self for a negative outcome. Much of the focus on shame in medical education has been directed toward graduate medical education with less recognition paid to shame occurring in medical school. In particular, while research has explored the triggers of medical students' shame, little is known about what shame feels like, what it makes an individual want to do, and what perceived effects it causes. Thus, this study asks: After shame has been triggered in medical students, how is it experienced? METHOD The authors selected hermeneutic phenomenology to provide a rich description of the structures and meaning of medical students' lived experiences of shame. Sixteen medical students from a private medical school in the United States were recruited for the study. Data were collected using one-on-one semistructured interviews and analyzed in accordance with Ajjawi and Higgs' 6 steps of hermeneutic analysis. RESULTS Data analysis yielded component parts of participants' shame experiences, including affective feelings, physical manifestations, cognitive processes, action tendencies, and effects. Analysis of the relationships among these component parts yielded specific phenomenological structures, including patterns of shame (e.g., chronic shame, flashbacks), self-evaluative processes (e.g., battling voices, skewed frames of reference), and perceived effects of shame (e.g., isolation, psychological distress). An overarching theme of shame as a destabilizing emotion emerged across the dataset. CONCLUSIONS Shame is a complex emotion in medical students that, through its destabilizing effects, can lead to withdrawal, isolation, psychological distress, altered professional identity formation, and identity dissonance. The authors highlight the possibility that shame may be occurring as a response to educational trauma, present a metaphor of dominoes to conceptualize the destabilizing nature of shame, and outline the implications for individuals and institutions in medical education.

We present novel co-created transdisciplinary research that uses arts and humanities methods to explore air pollution in an informal settlement (Mukuru) in Nairobi, Kenya. Air pollution is a well-documented major human health issue, but despite many air pollution reduction interventions designed to improve health, these are frequently ineffective. Often this is because they fail to account for local knowledge, cultural practices and priorities of the intended recipients. Designing solutions therefore requires in-depth exploration of relevant issues with stakeholders. Researchers worked collaboratively with local residents to develop a range of methods to explore understandings of air pollution including interviews, storytelling, participatory mapping and theatre. Together, we uncovered contrasting definitions of air pollution, differing perceptions of who was responsible for enacting solutions, and overall a view that air pollution cannot be seen in isolation from the other issues faced by settlement residents. The methods used also allowed us to communicate about the topic with a wide audience. While we acknowledge that this research approach is more time consuming than traditional approaches, we urge other researchers wishing to address multifactorial problems, such as air pollution to use a mixture of qualitative, participatory and creative methods to engage with a wide range of stakeholders to elicit new and unexpected understandings that may not otherwise emerge.

In this article, I provide a micro(oral)history of Cynthia Reid, one of only five women who founded the Minorities Research group-the first known lesbian organization in Britain, in 1963. Such activism paved the way for further lesbian liberatory action and the group did a great deal to combat the isolation experienced by many queer women across the country. They provided social opportunities as well as advice, and made more public calls for greater social acceptance. The group has been central to the interests of 20th-century queer historians, especially as the Minorities Research Group also produced the first lesbian magazine in Britain Arena Three. As a microhistory Cynthia's story informs many threads within queer history, including conceptualizations of masculinities, community, and change; while also challenging dominant notions that families and medical professionals were consistently unsupportive of queer people in the 1940s-1970s. In doing so, this article amplifies Cynthia's story in a way that means not only does it contribute nuance as a micro(oral)history to the broader field of queer scholarship but it also acts as a resource to stimulate further research.

The past few years, the companies of the financial sector focus on the efficiency even better because of an economic crisis which can be experienced in a year. Because of this the many times obsolete benchmarking systems modernization became important. Characteristically at construction industry firms and the IT and the system developed by them is used in a financial sector, but any companies may be useful where it is necessary to accomplish aims for him, it is necessary to work together with others, or there are key competences, which are essential, to the filling of the scope of activities. Now the big part of the enterprises’ employees home office-ban works, the benchmarking is useful in a situation like this. The leaders’ big part suffers from lack of information in connection with his colleagues’ performance, because of this if the leaders have the aims in sight, it they onto the readiness of tasks which can be broken down, the pressing feeling stemming from the isolation decreases then.

The Somerset Levels and Moors comprise low-lying farmland in south-west England, prone to seasonal flooding. The area suffered uncommonly severe floods in 2012 and 2013/2014, triggering high-profile debates about the area’s long-term future. The article focuses on the experiences of the floods in one village, Muchelney. Drawing on mixed methods, this interdisciplinary study examines physical and social routines, and how these were disrupted, adapted or reinforced. Indications of adaptability, resourcefulness and hierarchy emerge. The examination of routines draws on modest material representations sought out after the events took place, to illustrate how the floods submerged the landscape’s physical geometry and disrupted mobility, but also presented new conduits. Within the trauma of isolation and inundation, prolonged media scrutiny revealed a range of gendered, hierarchical and uncomfortable social experiences that complement evidence of a resilient community pulling together and learning to cope among the upending of normal life.

As a result of increasing COVID-19 cases all over the world, schools continued to provide education distantly since the beginning of 2020. This immediate shift is considered as both a factor of anxiety and an area of anxiety. This study aims to investigate the underlying reasons of anxieties among secondary school students with regard to five dimensions: health-related issues, technological opportunities, domiciliary conditions, course-related issues and privacy-related issues. A survey design was adopted. The research was carried out with participation of 156 secondary school students of a state school in Istanbul. Data was collected through the Anxiety Sources Questionnaire in Distance Education developed by the researchers. The underlying reasons of anxiety of secondary school students is presented under five categories. The results revealed that students were mainly concerned about face-to-face exams; problems related to devices; isolation; their inefficiency to learn the content and sharing their private settings. Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19 pandemic; Distance education; Secondary school students.

In the spring of 2020, the educational system of Ukraine faced a new challenge in the form of distance learning at all levels of education. The reason was the global pandemic COVID-19, which affected all spheres of human life. Previously, the problems and advantages of distance learning were studied by Ukrainian scholars P. Dmytrenko, I. Kuzmina, V. Kukharenko, V. liynyk, Y. Pasichnyk, O. Rybalko, N. Sirotenko, P. Stefanenko and others. All of them explored the features of distance learning of students. This can be explained by the fact that one of the main requirements for this form of learning is the ability to learn independently, strong motivation and self-organization. The topic of the research is the difficulties of teaching English to high school students in Ukrainian schools in the conditions of distant educational process. The article describes the difficulties arisen in teaching English to high school students. Thus, teachers and high school students faced difficulties of technical (problems with technology and the Internet), organizational (non-compliance with the online schedule, violation of the daily routine, late assignments) and psychological (fatigue, isolation, restriction of live communication) nature. The paper provides recommendations for overcoming the difficulties of distance learning, namely the combination of synchronous and asynchronous interaction with a clear indication of all terms, tutorials, platforms, additional resources, ways of additional communication, taking into account possible technical and personal difficulties; close interaction with parents. It is necessary to explain the course and features of the distance learning process, tasks, requirements and clear deadlines not only for students but also for parents to help their children organize their time and space for productive work; if the student does not have access to digital technologies, it is advisable to inform him of the list of topics, the sequence of their study in the textbook available to the student, as well as the list of tasks that must be performed to achieve the intended learning outcomes. If possible, communication is conducted by phone or e-mail, but the student carries out most of the learning activities independently. Thus, the article identifies the main difficulties that arose in the process of teaching high school students English (technical, organizational, psychological) and outlines the possibilities of overcoming them. It is emphasized that teachers play an important role in solving difficulties.

Art and arts education did not escape the serious challenges created by the coronavirus pandemic and lockdowns. The pandemic and its consequences, whether we want it or not, will directly and indirectly influence the themes of contemporary art and of visual/artistic courses, influencing both creator and product, and appear as part of projects and processes. Moreover they can trigger artistic progress and inspire it, since we all were (and remain) part of the same event. Creative work became a possible way of coping with the crisis, with enforced rest being transformed into time for creativity, suppressed energies channelled into creative activities, the novel emotions and anxieties of the unprecedented global pandemic expressed through it, and alleviation of the feelings of isolation and limitations through the freedom of the imagination, freeing visions that offer distraction from reality, as well as abstract ideas and, wherever possible, humour. Proof of this comes from this lively selection including recent artistic phenomena, art works, and art courses (at the Department of Visual Education of the Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education of Eotvos Lorand University), born of reflections on the unusual circumstances and a variety of creative approaches.

This article was designed to draw attention to the importance of the compassionate approach in the recovery of individuals during the pandemic, and the development of compassionate behavior. It contributes to the learning of the positive and negative behaviors of the members of the profession and the candidates in their approach to sick individuals. The uncertainty, isolation and loneliness experienced by infected individuals during the COVID-19 highlighted the sense of compassion and compassionate approach. With compassionate approach and supporting the process with evidence, nurses will reveal the impact on patient care and contribution to professional practice.

La interpretación constitucional es un pilar fundamental para la materialización de los derechos humanos, en el sentido que con la jurisprudencia puede provocar reformas legales, pero sobre todo interpretaciones extensivas de los derechos plasmados en la Constitución. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo dilucidar sobre la interpretación de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, necesaria para la materialización de los derechos humanos, dada que las reglas interpretativas son diversas y deben ser aplicadas conforme a la realidad, para así alcanzar una verdadera justicia material. En consecuencia, los métodos de interpretación constitucional no deben aplicarse de forma mecánica y aislada. La metodología utilizada responde a un estudio de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, sistematizada a través de los métodos analítico y exegético, así como en la revisión documental y bibliográfica. Se concluye que la actividad interpretativa realizada por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador es necesaria y responde con mayor agilidad a las diversas realidades de su pueblo que las reformas constitucionales para lograr una justicia material; debe existir sensibilidad para garantizar los derechos humanos, tomando en cuenta aquellas reglas de interpretación más efectivas, para cada situación en concreto.

Cultural workers are affected more than many other working populations by the pandemic COVID-19. Especially, live music as an antidote to crisis highlights the benefits of performing art in times of isolation; a practice that risks normalizing the idea that musicians are performing for free. This article discusses the intersection of live music with social and cultural issues, focusing on Vienna’s popular music scene. I begin my inquiry with an insight into the area of live music research, based on the works of Philip Auslander and Simon Frith. Throughout the text, I turn a critical eye to the broad impacts of the pandemic on music-making, the ways in which the potentials of emerging communities are leading to changed forms of appreciation, and emphasize the “sense of community” (Auslander) by way of three case studies. Ultimately, I aim to shed light on the strategies through which musicians deal with the crisis.

Social isolation poses a severe mental and physiological burden on humans. Most animal models that investigate this effect are based on prolonged isolation, which does not mimic the milder conditions experienced by people in the real world. We show that in adult male rats, acute social isolation causes social memory loss. This memory loss is accompanied by significant changes in the expression of specific mRNAs and proteins in the medial amygdala, a brain structure that is crucial for social memory. These changes particularly involve the neurotrophic signaling and axon guidance pathways that are associated with neuronal network remodeling. Upon regrouping, memory returns, and most molecular changes are reversed within hours. However, the expression of some genes, especially those associated with neurodegenerative diseases remain modified for at least a day longer. These results suggest that acute social isolation and rapid resocialization, as experienced by millions during the COVID-19 pandemic, are sufficient to induce significant changes to neuronal networks, some of which may be pathological.

During Covid-19, rates of mental health issues, particularly anxiety, rose significantly in university students. In the scramble to adapt to online learning, university professors were overwhelmed with material aimed at facilitating a supportive learning experience and preserving student academic performance in online contexts yet were ill-equipped to cope with the increased volume of mental health issues encountered. Many studies attest to the association between poor mental health and academic performance. It has been shown that students often report their mental health issues to university professors who are called upon to cope with these issues as best they can. This paper outlines strategies undertaken, in the context of a novel undergraduate mental health program, to address emergent mental health issues during Covid-19 student isolation. These practical, cost effective interventions can be used to successfully give voice to ongoing student mental health issues in a post-Covid world and to help professors feel equipped and empowered enough to contribute to stemming the tide of rising rates of mental illness meaningfully, appropriately and professionally. Practitioner Notes 1. In delivery of an undergraduate mental health program, the lecturer's expertise, familiarity with students and familiarity with the student's academic and learning environment, needs to be coupled with the expertise of a mental health professional. 2. It is recommended that the undergraduate mental health program includes some of the following: the giving of talks, question and answer sessions, one-on-one informal reviews with the mental health professional, anonymous invitations to share concerns through Padlets, post-it note surveys, anonymous questionnaires, the creation of podcasts or videos, information sheets, online Blackboard posts, panel discussions or more. 3. Padlet walls, post-it note surveys and questionnaires are ideal vehicles for anonymous and voluntarily self-reporting to alleviate shame and stigma issues. 4. Current Mental Health training for lecturers in universities predominantly do not reflect the realities of the classroom and are often ineffective.Integrating key learnings into lectures from the topics discussed by a mental health expert in the mental health program is a strategic way to not only re-inforce the messages but establish a caring and trusting student-teacher relationship

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is now a global crisis, resulting in the intermittent closure of many schools, worldwide. The school closures are believed to have affected adolescents’ education, particularly for vulnerable adolescents including those from a refugee-background. The study explores the home learning experiences of adolescent Bhutanese refugees in Tasmania, Australia and draws on social capital theory to interpret findings. Interviews with adolescent Bhutanese refugees revealed four overarching themes: disengagement from learning, the experience of isolation, the complexity of family relationships and motivation through relationships. This article makes an important practical and theoretical contribution to home learning through challenging Putnam’s binary distinction between bonding and bridging and suggesting alternative conceptualisations based on the role of bonding in the creation of bridging social capital. These findings have potential implications for the development of mitigation measures to support refugee-background students under extraordinary circumstances.

Purpose: COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the physical behavior and mental health of people. Long-term and strict isolation policies are widely used to ensure social distancing, which may cause excessive smartphone use and increase the risk of smartphone addiction. Previous researchers have identified that some factors that affect smartphone addiction, but there was little research conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to examine the effect of peer phubbing on smartphone addiction, how boredom proneness may mediate this effect, and lastly how refusal self-efficacy may moderate the indirect and direct pathways during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 1396 college students (mean age=20.48, SD=1.08) were surveyed and completed four scales (Peer Phubbing Scale, Refusal Self-efficacy Scale, Smartphone Addiction Index Scale, Boredom Proneness Scale). The statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro. Results: This study found that peer phubbing was positively associated with smartphone addiction. Boredom proneness mediated the effect of peer phubbing and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, refusal self-efficacy moderated the relationship between peer phubbing and smartphone addiction as well as boredom proneness and smartphone addiction. Specifically, peer phubbing had a greater impact on smartphone addiction for college students with higher levels of refusal self-efficacy, and the boredom proneness on smartphone addiction was stronger for college students with low levels of refusal self-efficacy. Conclusion: This study is important in investigating how peer phubbing is related to the smartphone addiction of Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that college students' boredom proneness and refusal self-efficacy may be prime targets for prevention and intervention programs. Thus, this study explored "how"" and ""when"" peer phubbing may enhance college students' smartphone addiction during COVID-19 pandemic."

The coronavirus pandemic caused a very critical situation on a global scale, which led to complete and forced isolation in social life and interpersonal communication. On an educational level, this has been a new and unexpected challenge, which has led to the use of a distance learning model. It is also a new experience for both students and teachers. This fact inspired an empirical study of my own, the aim of which was to find out students' opinions on this form of teaching in relation to their personal experience and the implementation of e-learning in academic practice. Therefore, the main research problem was formulated as follows: What are the opinions of students on distance learning during the pandemic? In the empirical own research the method of diagnostic survey with questionnaire technique was applied, SWOT questionnaire was used. The research was conducted in May/June 2020, at two selected universities. It was attended by 172 students of pedagogical faculties. The results obtained from the research indicate that distance learning has both specific positive and negative sides. However, the greater percentage distribution of the obtained data is in the aspect of weaknesses. Undoubtedly, there are still many activities that should be introduced into the practice and everyday academic education. Perhaps some creative solution would be to introduce only some elements of distance learning, which could contribute to better acquisition of digital and IT competences, and help in developing students' activity, self-discipline and independent learning.

Loneliness - a subjective, emotional state of feeling social isolation and being cut off from others. It comes and goes when life situation changes. In the case of chronic loneliness, it is experienced no matter what the circumstances. Loneliness functions in the temporal (time) dimension: it can be continuous, but it can also occur temporarily. The feeling of loneliness occurs in situations where the emotional bond is broken or in the case of isolation. The aim of this article is to address the problem of seniors' loneliness which is caused by the limitations of the Covid-19 pandemic. The participants of the study are seniors living in Poland and Slovakia. Research conducted in Poland, with two elderly women over 70, living in a small fishing village in the north of the country, shows that they experience unpleasant states of loneliness despite having adequate relationships with other people. As observations show, the increase in loneliness is caused by conditions that require the observance of precautionary measures related to the pandemic and restrictions on socializing and conducting classes in senior clubs. The above factors result in shallowing interpersonal interactions; weakening interpersonal relations; contribute to more superficial contacts mainly by telephone. Seniors who are in care at the Retirement Home and Nursing Home in Slovakia also admit to feeling lonely, though not directly. From the conversation, however, it can be concluded that this condition does not result directly from pandemic limitations, but rather from too little contact with loved ones. The presence of other residents and staff, contact with people, meals, activities and conversations significantly fill the time during the day. The study was aimed at checking the facts of loneliness faced by seniors living in Slovakia and Poland as well as providing information about their views on their situation. The aim of the study is also to indicate the direction that will be helpful in combating and preventing such a pejorative phenomenon as loneliness. The research was conducted in the form of an interview. In order for the quality of the interviews to be as high as possible, the respondents were selected from various backgrounds. In Poland, there were two single women, aged over 70, living in a tiny fishing village; in Slovakia they were clients of the Retirement Home and the Nursing Home in Rimavska Sobota. The authors of the texts on the situation in Poland and Slovakia would like to add that the respondents waited with interest for contact from the authors of the publication; were happy that they could speak; that there were people who were interested in their problems. The researchers tried to comprehensively present the analysis of the obtained data, situations and statements of the respondents and, using the bricollage technique, to interpret it in detail. The most important issues raised in the interviews were additionally summarized in the conclusions.

This article presents an analysis of the theory of relations and upbringing in the family as conceived by Jesper-Juul, whereby the focal point of the study rests on solitude, loneliness and isolation. The research was conducted using an analytical-synthetic method elaborated on the basis of the works of this pedagogue and therapist. The obtained results indicate an ontological dimension of loneliness in the family, and the need for its prior experience to guarantee one’s capacity to forge satisfying future relationships. The analysis of Juul's work leads to the conclusion that solitude and loneliness experienced in the family promote emotional growth of partners and that of the child. The work further focuses on destructive loneliness, i.e. isolation. The predominant conclusion drawn therefrom is that solitude and loneliness in the family carry a relationship-building potential. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, undertaking an in-depth analysis of this problem is particularly justified.

Bahauddin Nakshband improved the teaching of Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani in the 12th century and made it one of the most influential teachings. Khoja Bahauddin Nakshband re-introduced the zikri khafi, which was introduced by Gijduvani but abandoned by the following pillars for the favor of zikri jahri. He also added three new rashha (wuqufi zamoniy, wuqufi abadiy, wuqufi qalbiy), to the existing eight rashha developed by Yusuf Hamadani and Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, and increased the number of rashha to eleven. Bahauddin Nakshband denounced solitude and isolation, encouraged people to be professionally active, while not forgetting God for a moment. This article seeks to provide more accurate information about the life, activities and the doctrine of Khoja Bahauddin Nakshband, and draws new conclusions based on historical sources and contemporary research.

This paper explores the Confucian roots of elderly care expectations and how these expectations may influence the current state of the elderly and elderly care in modern China. This paper posits that the outdated expectations combined with recent urbanization trends has put unrealistic pressures on society to adequately care for a rapidly aging population. Until expectations are adjusted to reflect modern day families and realities, the elderly will continue to struggle with a sense of inadequate care, which can lead to mental health issues and feelings of isolation. Once the shackles of Confucian expectations are removed, families, governments and private institutions will have the freedom to be more creative in the way they imagine solutions for elderly care.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of perceived threat, perceived severity, and self-isolation intention on impulsive buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it aims to determine the mediating effects of perceived severity and self-isolation intention on these relationships through the serial mediation model. Design/Method/Approach – Online questionnaire form was used as data collection tool, and convenience and snowball sampling were used as sampling methods. During the data collection process between January 4 and January 15, 2021, data for 403 participants were obtained. SPSS 24, AMOS 24 and PROCESS 3.1 macro were used in data analysis. The research model is based on the protection motivation theory. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability/validity analysis and serial mediation analysis were used in analysis methods. Findings – In the research findings, it was determined that perceived threat (β=0.283*), perceived severity (β=0.365*) and self-isolation intention (β=0.434*) had a direct effect on impulsive buying. When the mediation effects (indirect effect) are examined it has been determined that the perceived severity has a mediating effect (β=0.246**), self-isolation intention has a mediating effect (β=0.099*) and also self-isolation intention has a mediating effect (β=0.139**) through the perceived severity together in the effect of the perceived threat on impulsive buying. Discussion – In line with the research findings, the most effective dimension on impulsive buying emerged as self-isolation intention. The mediating effect of perceived severity is greater in the effect of perceived threat on impulsive buying. The mediating effect of self-isolation intention is increased when it occurs with the effect of perceived severity. The results obtained are in parallel with the studies in the literature.

Introduction. Shaping modernity in the first third of the twentieth century is tied to the private worldview of the person of this era in which the main metaphor of the individual perception of “their time” is melancholy. The crisis of this historical period forms the prism of melancholic worldview. The goal of this article is to substantiate the reasons for the perception of melancholy as a phenomenon caused in part by the problem of individual experience of time. The relationship between melancholy and modernity has already been noted in the literature, but this text raises a new question – what is the temporal nature of this mutual influence?Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of melancholy is played by the texts of authors of the early 20th century: Walter Benjamin, devoted to Charles Baudelaire and the work of Sigmund Freud “Mourning and Melancholy”. The issue of temporality in the work is interpreted through the reference to the phenomenological tradition, namely in reference to the modern phenomenological analysis of depressive disorder in the work of Domonkos Sik.Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that the feeling of the interrelation of melancholy and the epoch is extremely specific for a person of the first third of the 20th century, evidence of which could be found in the philosophical and cultural reflection of this period. Crisis worldview is reflected in literature, painting, cinema, philosophy, social theory, etc. Thus, it is possible to represent melancholy as a phenomenon, partly caused by the problem of individual experience of time. Melancholy occurs when a crisis worldview is supplemented by an experience of circular temporality, the disappearance of the future, preoccupation with the past, passivity, or isolation.Conclusion. If these elements come together, a total worldview is formed in which real world events intensify melancholy. In this sense, phenomenologically speaking, melancholy is not so much a state as a dynamic process.

La pandemia nos propone una prueba a tamaño real de inmovilidad de un gran número de las personas. Este texto propone una breve inmersión, en Montreal, en el universo de la prohibición de desplazamiento. El texto describe los desafíos de movilidad en Montreal antes de la pandemia y luego precisa los nuevos retos que surgen de la vida confinada. Lo que resalta de la lectura de estas páginas es la prevalencia de la inequidad cuando se trata de evitar los efectos perversos de la inmovilidad obligatoria. También nos encantó la invitación a imaginar el mundo del mañana, Montreal post-Covid-19. Es por eso que la conclusión establece dos tendencias principales que resultan de nuestro nuevo modo de existencia: traer el mundo hacia sí mismo & apreciar el sentido del lugar.