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Background: With the rapid advancement of mobile technology, the scope of mobile health (mHealth) has expanded to include consumer-grade devices such as smartphones and wearable sensors. These solutions have typically been used for fitness purposes; however, due to their ubiquitous capabilities for data collection, they have the potential to bridge information gaps and supplement data from clinical visits. Patient-generated health data (PGHD) can be derived from mHealth solutions and be used by health care professionals (HCPs) as complementary tools in the care process, yet their integration into clinical workflows presents a myriad of challenges. PGHD might be a new and unfamiliar source of information for most HCPs, and the majority of mHealth solutions have not been designed to be used by HCPs as active reviewers. As mHealth solutions become more available and attractive to patients, HCPs may see an increase in the influx of data and related inquiries from their patients. This mismatch in expectations can result in disruptions to clinical workflows and negatively impact patient-clinician relationships. For PGHD to be integrated into clinical workflows, its use should be proven beneficial for both patients and HCPs. However, so far, only limited research has been done on the concrete experiences of HCPs as active reviewers of PGHD from consumer-grade mobile devices. Objective: We aimed to systematically guide the review of existing literature to identify what types of PGHD from consumer-grade mobile devices are currently being used by HCPs as complementary tools in the care process. Methods: The PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 was followed for the design of the search, selection, and data synthesis processes. Electronic searches will be done on PubMed, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus. Results: Preliminary searches have been conducted, and previous related systematic and scoping revie

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has boosted digitalization in healthcare, as mobility restrictions and social distancing rules have made healthcare providers to adopt digital tools to replace or complement face-to-face interactions. Purpose: We discuss the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on physicians’ use of digital media. We examine whether Covid-19 conditions have changed how physicians use internet resources for information search, how they engage in social media, and their attitude towards online events. Basic procedures: The study was done as a longitudinal panel survey in four waves. The sample was a panel including active physicians in Finland. The panel was updated annually. Identical surveys were administered in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Spring 2020 was the time when Finland executed mobility restrictions and re-organization of healthcare because of pandemic. Comparing results of the survey before and after Covid-19 restrictions gives us a unique opportunity to do comparative analysis of Covid-19 effects. Main findings: Our results show that the use of digital media for information search stayed relatively stable without statistically significant change during the four-year period covered in the study. The use of social media rose steadily from 2018 to 2021 with no significant difference in the trend. However, there was a significant change in the attitude of Finnish physicians on online events. Year 2021, the attitude remained in this more positive level. Principal conclusions: As use of digital media including social media was already high prior Covid-19 in Finland, our results do not show significant change because of special circumstances introduced in 2020. However, our results show that the attitudes towards online events turned more positive during Covid-19 related restrictions. This could indicate that Covid-19 era has triggered a change that might continue also when pandemic related restrictions will be removed.

Background: Connected mental health (CMH) is a field presenting information and communications technology–based mental care interventions that could help overcome many mental care delivery barriers. Culture and background influence people’s attitudes, preferences, and acceptance of such solutions. Therefore, the suitability of CMH solutions to the targeted population is an important factor in their successful adoption. Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a framework for the design and creation of CMH solutions suitable for the UAE context. The framework is based on investigating enablers and barriers of CMH adoption in the United Arab Emirates, from the mental health professional’s (MHP) perspective and from related literature. Methods: A survey of literature on relevant studies addressing the use of technology for mental care in Arab countries, and a web-based questionnaire-based survey with 17 MHPs practicing in the United Arab Emirates investigating their attitudes and views toward CMH was conducted. Results from the questionnaire and from related studies were analyzed to develop the design framework. Results: On the basis of findings from the literature survey and analyzing MHP answers to the web-based survey, a framework for the design of CMH solutions for the UAE population was developed. The framework presents four types of recommendation categories: favorable criteria, which included blended care, anonymity, and ease of use; cultural factors including availability in multiple languages, mainly Arabic and English, in addition to religious and cultural considerations; technical considerations, including good-quality communication, availability in formats compatible with mobile phones, and providing technical support; and users’ health and data safety considerations, including users’ suitability testing, confidentiality, and ensuring MHP integrity. Conclusions: CMH has the potential to help overcome many mental care barriers in the United A

Integration of digital self-management solutions into health care processes requires the involvement of health care professionals in the adoption and use of the solutions as part of the care pathway. We conducted 23 interviews with diverse profiles of health care professionals participating in the treatment of chronic patients in three different countries. Our results indicate that health care professionals appeared relatively motivated at the prospect of having access to patient-generated data. Nevertheless, they appeared less confident in weighing what types of data could be collected efficiently through mobile devices and how it could be presented in ways that would provide value to the care process. Our results identify four broad categories for how patient-generated health data could be useful: monitoring, prevention, research, and transparency of condition parameters.

Advances in voice recognition, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence have led to the increasing availability and use of conversational agents (chatbots) in different settings. Chatbots are systems that mimic human dialogue interaction through text or voice. This paper describes a series of design considerations for integrating chatbots interfaces with health services. The present paper is part of ongoing work that explores the overall implementation of chatbots in the healthcare context. The findings have been created using a research through design process, combining (1) literature survey of existing body of knowledge on designing chatbots, (2) analysis on state-of-the-practice in using chatbots as service interfaces, and (3) generative process of designing a chatbot interface for depression screening. In this paper we describe considerations that would be useful for the design of a chatbot for a healthcare context., Applied Ergonomics and Design

Typically, less than half of doctoral graduates will be employed in academia immediately after graduation, with less than 10%-15% achieving a long-term academic career. This leaves 85–90% of PhD graduates seeking employment outside the academic setting, for example in industry and government. The objective of the CHAMELEONS study (CHampioning A Multi-sectoral Education and Learning Experience to Open New pathways for doctoral Students) is to develop innovative educational interventions that shape more adaptable, entrepreneurial, and employable graduates, ready to meet the challenges of the future. Stakeholders from the connected health industry, clinical care, charities, patients, patient representatives, government, recent doctoral graduates, and academics were invited to participate in a “World Café” participatory method for collecting qualitative data. Owing to the COVID–19 health situation this took place via Zoom. Analysis of the results revealed 4 key learning objectives for doctoral graduates to: 1. Develop networking and communication skills. 2. Understand user centred research design. 3. Market research capacity and research skills. 4. Build an understanding of themselves and others. This led to the development of three bespoke doctoral modules: 1. Forging relationships: Building and Sustaining your Doctoral Network; 2. Managing the Project: Keeping on Track with an Eye to the future; Module 3: Starting your Career: Future Proofing your Career and Getting a Job. These modules are available to doctoral students across five European Universities.

It has been found that most PhD graduates (>85%) do not achieve a long-term academic career and thus there is a growing need to re-imagine PhD education that incentivizes doctoral students to engage with research consumers, not only within their discipline, but also, across other disciplines and sectors to have real social impact for an improved society. The aim of this work is to identify intersectoral/interdisciplinary courses that are considered to broaden student career outside and inside academia. For this purpose, a survey was designed to identify modules which lead to the improvement of students’ skills while an analysis of their attributes was also performed. Two target groups have been considered: (a) young researchers and (b) program directors each of which can provide different information regarding the courses of interest. 52 students and 11 directors from 5 European Universities, participated in the study. An absence of such courses in the standard PhD program was observed, while any intersectoral/interdisciplinary activities were conducted outside the PhD program, and organized by collaboration of academia and other organizations. The survey findings reveal the need to restructure the PhD programs.

The amount of personal health data (PHD) for each individual in Europe has radically increased due to the adoption of various technologies in everyday life, such as mobile phones and wearable sensors. PHD can include different types of health-related data, such as medical records, fitness tracking, transportation data, or behavioral data from social media. Health data are invaluable to support people in acquiring timely knowledge about their health and wellbeing. Access to PHD provides users of information systems (IS) with the opportunity to acquire self-knowledge and participate in decision making, while sharing PHD with other stakeholders can facilitate knowledge sharing. Despite this, recent reports support that, on average, only 18% of the European population have used their PHD through digital services (European Commission, 2019). Prior research about PHD access in IS has mainly focused on the technical aspects of the topic. This had led to limited empirical knowledge about users’ access encounters with PHD. In the frame of this dissertation, access encounters are considered the moments that users interacted with their PHD through IS. As for PHD sharing, the implementation of new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) renewed research interest towards the exploration of users’ willingness to share their PHD with other stakeholders in a healthcare context. A literature review addressed the lack of case studies in prior work about PHD access and sharing, thus motivating the development of the first empirical studies. The development of the rest of the studies was exploratory, building upon the findings that emerged through the course of empirical work. This doctoral dissertation uses an embedded case study consisting of four embedded units to answer a single research question (RQ). This dissertation contributes with updated knowledge that lies at the intersection of IS, health informatics, and human-data interaction (HDI), answering the RQ: What reco, Tiivistelmä Henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon määrä Euroopassa on kasvanut jokapäiväisen teknologian, kuten matkapuhelimien ja puettavien sensorien, lisäännyttyä. Henkilökohtainen terveystieto voi sisältää erilaista terveyteen liittyvää tietoa, kuten potilasasiakirjoja, kuntoilutietoa tai terveyskäyttäytymiseen liittyvää tietoa. Terveystieto auttaa ihmisiä ymmärtämän terveyttään ja hyvinvointiaan. Pääsy terveystietoon antaa tietojärjestelmien käyttäjille mahdollisuuden parempaan itsetuntemukseen ja päätöksentekoon osallistumiseen, ja terveystiedon jakaminen voi auttaa tietämyksen jaossa. Tästä huolimatta tutkimukset osoittavat, että vain 18 prosenttia eurooppalaisista on käyttänyt henkilökohtaista terveystietoaan (European Commission, 2019). Aiempi tutkimus henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon saatavuudesta on keskittynyt teknisiin seikkoihin. Tästä johtuen empiiristä tutkimustietoa käyttäjien kokemuksista henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon saatavuudesta on vähemmän. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan niitä ajallisia hetkiä, joissa ihmiset käyttivät tietojärjestelmiä henkilökohtaisen terveystietonsa hyödyntämiseen. Eurooppalaisen tietosuojalainsäädännön (General Data Protection Regulation) käyttöönottoa tarkasteltiin tutkimuksessa henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon jakamisen näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa raportoitu kirjallisuuskatsaus osoitti, että empiirisestä tutkimuksesta henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon käyttämisestä ja jakamisesta on puute. Tämä johti tutkimuksessa raportoituun tutkimukseen. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin sulautettua tapaustutkimusta, joka koostui neljästä tapausyksiköstä, jotka vastasivat yhteen tutkimuskysymykseen. Tämä tutkimuskysymys on: Mitkä suositukset ovat relevantteja tietojärjestelmien suunnittelijoille henkilökohtaisen terveystiedon käytön ja jakamisen suunnitteluun? Tapaustutkimuksen löydösten pohjalta väitöskirjassa esitetään viisi suositusta, jotka ovat relevantteja terveyteen liittyvien tietojärjestelmien suunnittelijoille ja toteuttajille. Nämä viis

Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust.

Information technology (IT) is a primary enabler of personalization. Various personalization approaches are used to design and implement personalization in technologies and to classify personalization through technologies. Still, personalization studies rarely consider personalization and the role of IT more holistically at the level of digital services. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of IT in the personalization of digital health service pathways. The present work applies a service pathway concept as it provides the means by which to consider all the available health services to be included for the individual healthcare user in the context of digital health services. This thesis is framed in information systems (IS) and specifically IS in healthcare. The present work investigates the role of IT in the personalization of digital health service pathways through a multiple-case study approach. The data collected are thematically analyzed to provide understanding on the role IT can play in the personalization of digital health service pathways. As a result of the thematic analysis, this thesis proposes personalization filters that represent the role of IT in the personalization of digital health service pathways. The personalization filters are as follows: (1) the contextual filter, where the role of IT is to consider the healthcare-specific parameters for personalization; (2) the data-driven filter, where the role of IT is to consider the aggregated data parameters for personalization; and (3) the user-specific filter, where the role of IT is to consider the characteristics and preferences of the healthcare user as parameters for personalization. In these personalization filters, IT plays a role that varies from fully automated personalization to a more collaborative form of data-driven decision making to make digital health service pathways more personalized for the individual healthcare user. The work undertaken in this thesis contr, Tiivistelmä Personoinnin suunnittelussa voidaan hyödyntää erilaisia lähestymistapoja ja luokituksia. Tietojärjestelmätieteissä nämä lähestymistavat ja luokitukset keskittyvät personoinnin suunnitteluun pääasiassa teknologisen artefaktin, kuten suosittelujärjestelmän, tasolla. Suunnittelu ei niinkään tarkastele personointia ja teknologian roolia kokonaisvaltaisemmin digitaalisten palveluiden tasolla. Tämä tietojärjestelmätieteiden väitöskirja tarkastelee teknologian roolia digitaalisten terveyspalvelupolkujen personoinnissa. Väitöskirja hyödyntää palvelupolun käsitettä, sen mahdollistaessa personoinnin laajemman tarkastelun teknologisen artefaktin sijaan. Väitöskirja tarkastelee tutkittavaa ilmiötä monitapaustutkimuksen kautta ja hyödyntää laadullisia menetelmiä aineiston keräämisessä ja analysoinnissa. Temaattisen analyysin tuloksena väitöskirja esittää kolme personoinnin filtteriä, jotka kuvaavat teknologian rooleja digitaalisten terveyspalvelupolkujen personoinnissa. Personoinnin filtterit ovat: (1) kontekstuaalinen filtteri, missä teknologian rooli on huomioida terveydenhuollolle keskeisiä personoinnin parametreja; (2) datavetoinen filtteri, missä teknologian rooli on huomioida kerääntyneestä datasta nousevia personoinnin parametreja; ja (3) käyttäjäkeskeinen filtteri, missä teknologian rooli on huomioida terveyspalveluiden käyttäjän ominaisuuksia ja mieltymyksiä personoinnin parametreina. Personointifilttereissä teknologian rooli vaihtelee täysin automatisoidusti toteutetusta personoinnista yhteistyöperustaisempaan, datavetoiseen päätöksentekoon, mikä yhdessä muovaa digitaalisesta terveyspalvelupolusta personoidumman yksittäiselle terveyspalvelun käyttäjälle. Tämän väitöskirjan tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää personoinnin tutkimuksessa ja suunnittelussa. Väitöskirjassa esitetyt personoinnin filtterit täydentävät personoinnin tutkimuskentässä esitettyjä personoinnin lähestymistapoja ja luokituksia ja niitä voidaan hyödyntää suunniteltaessa personoituja palvelupolkuja

Background: Telehealth (TH) was introduced as a promising tool to support integrated care for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It aims at improving self-management and providing remote support for continuous disease management. However, it is often not clear how TH-supported services fit into existing pathways for COPD management. The objective of this study is to uncover where TH can successfully contribute to providing care for COPD patients exemplified in a Greek care pathway. The secondary objective is to identify what conditions need to be considered for successful implementation of TH services. Methods: Building on a single case study, we used a two-phase approach to identify areas in a Greek COPD care pathway where care services that are recommended in clinical guidelines are currently not implemented (challenges) and areas that are not explicitly recommended in the guidelines but that would benefit from TH services (opportunities). In phase I, we used the care delivery value chain framework to identify the divergence between the clinical guidelines and the actual practice captured by a survey with COPD healthcare professionals. In phase II, we conducted in-depth interviews with the same healthcare professionals based on the discovered divergences. The responses were analyzed with respect to identified opportunities for TH and care pathway challenges. Results: Our results reveal insights in two areas. First, several areas with challenges were identified: patient education, self-management, medication adherence, physical activity, and comorbidity management. TH opportunities were perceived as offering better bi-directional communication and a tool for reassuring patients. Second, considering the identified challenges and opportunities together with other case context details a set of conditions was extracted that should be fulfilled to implement TH successfully. Conclusions: The results of this case study provide detaile

Promoting a healthy lifestyle has attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years. This is also the case in workplaces, where the focus on wellbeing at work and changes in personal health behaviours has been raised. Technology-enhanced interventions are a possible solution for motivating people towards healthy lifestyle promotion, such as healthy eating and physical activity (PA). Persuasive applications have been proposed as a promising technique for fostering behavioural change and promoting healthy lifestyles. The major limitation of most existing mobile health (mHealth) applications is that they are not grounded in theoretical concepts. On the other hand, value propositions (VPs) might increase the effectiveness of persuasive applications. This study aimed to develop mHealth behavioural change interventions, that is, persuasive mHealth applications based on psychological theories to promote healthy eating and PA in the workplace. Four VPs were proposed and implemented to enhance the efficacy of the persuasive mHealth application. Elaborated Intrusion (EI) theory was applied to develop a healthy eating application (iCrave) and self-determination theory (SDT) was used to develop a PA application (iGO). iCrave allowed users to track their snack cravings and record whether they chose to eat healthily or unhealthily. iGO allowed users to promote their PA, and to decide whether to select PA after breakfast or lunch. The design of the applications was performed by an iterative User-centered design (UCD) process. The feasibility of the applications was assessed by experimental studies with quantitative and qualitative surveys. The results of the study demonstrate that the design process of the applications was a successful approach and can be used in future persuasive mHealth applications., Tiivistelmä Terveellisten elämäntapojen edistäminen on viime vuosina saanut kasvavaa huomiota. Myös työpaikoilla keskitytään yhä enemmän työhyvinvointiin ja henkilökohtaiseen terveyskäyttäytymiseen. Teknologian avulla tuetut interventiot ovat mahdollisia ratkaisuja motivoida ihmisiä edistämään terveellisiä elämäntapoja, kuten terveellistä ruokailua ja fyysistä aktiivisuutta. Suostuttelevia sovelluksia on ehdotettu lupaavaksi ratkaisuksi käyttäytymisen muutoksen edistämiseksi ja terveellisten elämäntapojen parantamiseksi. Suurin rajoite useimmissa olemassa olevissa terveyteen liittyvissä mobiilisovelluksissa (mHealth) on se, että niillä ei ole teoreettista perustaa. Toisaalta arvoehdotukset voivat lisätä suostuttelevien sovellusten tehokkuutta. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää käyttäytymisteorioihin perustuvia suostuttelevia mHealth-sovelluksia terveellisen ruokavalion ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden edistämiseksi työpaikoilla. Työssä toteutettiin neljä arvoehdotusta suostuttelevan mHealth-sovelluksen tehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Elaborated Intrusion (EI) -teoriaa sovellettiin terveellistä syömistä edistävän sovelluksen (iCrave) kehittämiseen ja itsemääritysteoriaa fyysistä aktiivisuutta edistävän sovelluksen (iGO) kehittämiseen. iCrave antoi käyttäjille mahdollisuuden seurata heidän välipalatoiveitaan ja valita terveellisiä tai epäterveellisiä vaihtoehtoja. iGO edisti käyttäjän fyysistä aktiivisuutta kannustamalla liikkumaan joko aamiaisen tai lounaan jälkeen. Sovellukset toteutettiin käyttäen iteratiivista käyttäjäkeskeistä suunnittelua. Sovellusten toimivuus arvioitiin kokeellisissa tutkimusasetelmissa määrällisillä ja laadullisilla kyselytutkimuksilla. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että sovellusten suunnitteluprosessi oli onnistunut lähestymistapa, ja sitä voidaan käyttää tulevaisuuden suostuttelevissa mHealth-sovelluksissa.

The use of digital technologies is driving the mass creation and collection of health data, fuelling disruptions in the healthcare ecosystem, and shifting the competitive landscape of health service provision. In response to this paradigm shift, the insurance industry is exploring new avenues of value creation as part of the digital health economy. Connected insurance has emerged as a strategy to leverage digitalization efforts for preventative and proactive health services. As insurance organizations strive towards implementing novel data-driven services, they are grappling with organizational and legislative challenges surrounding four necessary health data factors: access, control, sharing, and use. The research followed a qualitative methodological approach that was conducted in two phases as part of a single holistic case study of a transforming Finnish insurance organization. In the first phase, five empirical studies have been conducted which ascertain four case study boundaries: the health data environment in the Nordic countries, governance within the EU, insurance organizations as processors and controllers of health data, and customers as data subjects. In the second phase, a theory-driven narration of digital transformation in the insurance organization has been developed. The narration is a synthesis of data collected from interviews, ethnography, and a survey. The four health data factors — access, control, sharing, and use — were thematically analyzed and content-driven themes were empirically crafted to produce an inductive framework of health data mechanisms. The resulting framework of eleven health data mechanisms provides tactics for the design and development of proactive digital health services, stressing the importance of culture, interoperability, and transparency for service provision. How health data can be utilized as a resource for value creation requires key strategic decision-making practices by policymakers, organizations, and, Tiivistelmä Digitaalisilla teknologioilla voidaan tuottaa ja kerätä terveysdataa, mikä vauhdittaa terveydenhuollon ekosysteemin murrosta ja muuttaa terveydenhuollon palveluiden kilpailuasetelmaa. Paradigman muutoksen ansiosta vakuutussektori etsii tapoja luoda lisäarvoa osana digitaalisten terveyspalvelujen markkinoita. Digitaalinen vakuutuspalvelu on uusi strategia, ja se hyödyntää digitalisaatiota ennaltaehkäisevissä ja ennakoivissa terveyspalveluissa. Ottaessaan käyttöön uusia dataan perustuvia palveluja vakuutusyhtiöt kohtaavat organisatorisia ja lainsäädännöllisiä haasteita. Nämä liittyvät neljään terveysdatan elementtiin: saavutettavuus, hallinta, jakaminen ja käyttö. Tutkimuksen metodologiseksi lähtökohdaksi valittiin kvalitatiivinen lähestymistapa ja se tehtiin kahdessa vaiheessa osana yhden tapauksen kokonaisvaltaista tapaustutkimusta, jossa tarkasteltiin muuttuvaa suomalaista vakuutusorganisaatiota. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa toteutettiin viisi empiiristä tutkimusta, joiden perusteella määritettiin neljä tapaustutkimuksessa tarkasteltavaa osa-aluetta: pohjoismainen terveysdataympäristö, EU-ohjaus, vakuutusorganisaatiot terveysdatan käsittelijöinä ja hallinnoijina ja asiakkaat rekisteröityinä henkilöinä. Toisessa vaiheessa kehitettiin teoriapohjainen kertomus digitaalisesta transformaatiosta vakuutusyhtiössä. Kertomus yhdistelee haastattelujen, etnografisten menetelmien ja kyselyiden avulla kerättyjä tutkimusaineistoja. Neljä terveysdatan elementtiä — saavutettavuus, hallinta, jakaminen ja käyttö — analysoitiin temaattisesti ja niistä laadittiin empiirisesti sisältölähtöiset teemat. Näin luotiin terveysdatan mekanismeja kuvaava induktiivinen malli. Syntynyt malli käsittää yksitoista terveysdatan mekanismia ja tarjoaa keinoja ennakoivien digitaalisten terveyspalvelujen suunnitteluun ja kehittämiseen painottaen kulttuuria, yhteensopivuutta ja läpinäkyvyyttä palvelujen tarjoamisessa. Terveysdatan hyödyntäminen lisäarvon tuottamiseksi vaatii strategisen päätöksent

The growing field of mHealth has often dealt with the modification of harmful behaviors, such as smoking, that are associated with medical conditions. Smoking behavior has been targeted by numerous mHealth smoking cessation interventions with the help of a wide range of behavior change support (BCS) techniques. However, the exploitation of the established BCS technique of social comparison by mHealth research on smoking cessation has been limited. Based on up-to-date BCS theory and following a user-centered design, we have developed a novel smartphone application, namely QuitIT!, for smoking behavior modification with the help of social comparison. This paper presents the development of QuitIT! as well as its preliminary evaluation through a small pilot study. The latter has yield encouraging initial results concerning the feasibility and the effectiveness of QuitIT! as an mHealth tool for smoking BCS.

Health behaviour change is challenging and is addressed by the international community. Many people try to effect change for a healthier lifestyle, but they find it difficult to sustain their new habits. Today, technological applications support people who want to change their behaviour, oftentimes by utilising social influence: The influence of others on one’s behaviour. Social influence consists of different aspects, the particularities of which are often neglected in design. This thesis focusses on the design of the social comparison aspect of social influence. Social comparison psychology supports the view that when facing a lack of objective measurements, people tend to compare themselves to others who are similar to them for self-evaluation, self-enhancement, self-prediction, and coping. In psychology, social comparison theory has shown great potential in the aforementioned areas as well as challenges regarding its application. In the design of technology, social comparison theory has been utilised but lacks extensive exploration. In this thesis, four perspectives are considered to better understand social comparison in design: Existing designs, designers’ perspective, healthcare professionals’ perspective, and user research for social comparison. The four perspectives are explored using qualitative methodologies and through design science research. The knowledge took the form of a Multiple-perspective Approach Design (MAD) for social comparison features in technology that supports health behaviour change. MAD aims to support designers when working with social comparison in health behaviour change, by presenting social comparison potentials and challenges informed by the different perspectives. MAD builds upon the knowledge transferred from the field of psychology regarding social comparison and on the research conducted to understand the four perspectives of social comparison., Tiivistelmä Terveyskäyttäytymisen muutos on haastavaa ja sitä käsittelee kansainvälinen yhteisö. Monet ihmiset yrittävät tehdä muutoksia kohti terveellisempiä elämäntapoja, mutta heidän on vaikea ylläpitää uusia tapojaan. Tänä päivänä teknologiset sovellukset tukevat ihmisiä, jotka haluavat muuttaa käyttäytymistään, usein hyödyntämällä sosiaalista vaikutusta: toisten vaikutusta omaan käyttäytymiseen. Sosiaalinen vaikutus koostuu erilaisista näkökulmista, joiden erityispiirteitä on usein laiminlyöty suunnittelussa. Tässä opinnäytetyössä keskitytään sosiaalisen vertailun näkökulman suunnitteluun sosiaalisessa vaikutuksessa. Sosiaalisen vertailun psykologia tukee näkemystä siitä, että objektiivisten mittausten puuttuessa, ihmiset pyrkivät vertaamaan itseään muihin, jotka ovat samankaltaisia, itsearvioinnin, itsensä vahvistamisen, itsearvioinnin ja selviytymisen kannalta. Psykologiassa sosiaalisen vertailun teoria on osoittanut potentiaalinsa edellä mainituilla aloilla, mutta sen soveltamiseen liittyy haasteita. Sosiaalisen vertailun teoriaa on hyödynnetty teknologian suunnittelussa, mutta laaja-alaisempi tutkimus aiheesta on puutteellista. Tässä opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan neljää näkökulmaa ymmärtämään paremmin sosiaalista vertailua suunnittelussa: Olemassa olevat mallit, suunnittelijoiden näkökulma, terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten näkökulma ja käyttäjätutkimus sosiaaliseen vertailuun. Näitä neljää näkökulmaa tutkitaan käyttämällä laadullisia tutkimusmenetelmiä ja suunnittelutieteellistä tutkimusta. Kerätyn tiedon perusteella muodostettiin monia toimijoita tarkasteleva lähestymistapa suunnitteluun (MAD), joka koskee sosiaalisen vertailun ominaisuuksia teknologiassa, joka tukee terveyskäyttäytymisen muutosta. MAD pyrkii tukemaan suunnittelijoita, jotka työskentelevät sosiaalisen vertailun parissa terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksessa, esittämällä sosiaalisen vertailun mahdollisuuksia ja haasteita, joita on kerätty eri näkökulmista. MAD perustuu psykologian alalta kerättyy

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enforced in the pan-European area on May 25th, 2018. From the perspective of data access research, among others, this introduces significant changes into organizations and their practices. However, so far, there is limited research offering insights into such a new policy phenomenon for organizations from the perspective of access to personal data. This paper is based on an ethnographic study of a 2-day workshop in which five European insurance organizations came together to share the results of sensemaking in their organizations and knowledge around the GDPR. We examined how the participants interpreted the GDPR and the compliance challenges they faced. These challenges are categorized into four dimensions of personal data access, as follows: Procedure, Protection, Privacy, and Proliferation. These challenges are significant for any organization that acts as a processor and/or controller to consider.

The aim of the workshop is to create a design framework for social comparison (a social influence aspect / psychological theory). The social comparison theory supports that in lack of objective measurements, people compare themselves to others similar to them in order to evaluate their skills, abilities, and in general to understand better themselves. The framework will address a gap in current research focused on the design space of social comparison for health and wellbeing behavior change technologies. The workshop participants are invited to share their experiences and viewpoints on designing behavior change technology using social influence (the influence of others on once behavior). This can include, for example, practical cases or design ideas. These ideas will be consolidated through a framework skeleton pre-constructed by organizers through a literature review and past research.

In this paper, we examine collaborative design projects in school contexts with many different stakeholders. We look at the value created for and by different stakeholders, focusing on value as a benefit, which is experienced — perceived and determined — by the beneficiaries themselves in the value co-creation process. As our focus is in “value-in-use”, i.e., value which emerges through activities taking place in a specific space, time, and context, we define value through subjective experience of people involved. We apply in our study the concept of value co-creation, where value is understood emerging from collaborative activity between actors participating in the activity. We see that the value co-creation lens provides a useful means for the CSCW community to scrutinize and make sense of collaborative design projects. We categorized the perceived value for each stakeholder and discuss how these categories can help in gaining a deeper understanding of the value gained in collaborative design work as well as how value co-creation lens in more general can be used as a tool in collaborative design projects.

Chronic conditions are the leading cause of death in the world. Major improvements in acute care and diagnostics have created a tendency towards the chronification of formerly terminal conditions, requiring people with these conditions to learn how to self-manage. Mobile technologies hold promise as self-management tools due to their ubiquity and cost-effectiveness. The delivery of health-related services through the use of mobile technologies (mHealth) has grown exponentially in recent years. However, only a fraction of these solutions takes into consideration the views of relevant stakeholders like healthcare professionals or even patients. The use of behavioral change models (BCM) has proven important in developing successful health solutions, yet engaging patients remains a challenge. There is a trend in mHealth solutions called gamification that attempts to use game elements to drive user behavior and increase engagement. As it stands, designers of mHealth solutions for behavioral change in chronic conditions have no clear way of deciding what factors are relevant to consider. This doctoral thesis is framed in Consumer Health Informatics within the field of Medical Informatics and Information Systems. The focus of this work was to discover factors for the design of mHealth solutions for chronic patients; to do so, negotiations between medical knowledge, BCM and gamification were explored through an embedded case study research methodology. The data obtained was thematically analyzed to create the Model for Motivational Mobile-health Design for Chronic conditions (3MD). The 3MD model guides the design of condition-oriented gamified behavioral change mHealth solutions. The main components are: 1) Condition specific, which describe factors that need to be adjusted and adapted for each particular chronic condition; 2) Motivation related, which are factors that address how to influence behaviors in an engaging manner; and 3) Technology based, which are fact, Tiivistelmä Krooniset sairaudet ovat maailman yleisin kuolinsyy. Akuutissa hoidossa ja diagnostiikassa on tapahtunut merkittäviä parannuksia, ja aikaisemmin kuolemaan johtaneista sairauksista on tullut kroonisia ja ihmisten on opittava hallitsemaan niitä itse. Mobiiliteknologiat tarjoavat mahdollisuuksia sairauksien itsehallintaan, koska teknologiaa on yleisesti saatavilla ja se on kustannustehokasta. Terveyspalvelujen tarjoaminen mobiiliteknologian avulla on lisääntynyt huomattavasti viime vuosina. Kuitenkin vain murto-osa näistä ratkaisuista ottaa huomioon sidosryhmien, kuten terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten ja jopa potilaiden, näkemykset. Käyttäytymismuutosmallit ovat osoittautuneet tärkeiksi kehitettäessä onnistuneita terveysratkaisuja, mutta potilaiden osallistaminen kehittämiseen on yhä vaikeaa. Pelillistäminen on mobiilien terveysratkaisujen suunnittelutrendi, ja pelielementeillä pyritään vaikuttamaan ihmisten käyttäytymiseen ja sitoutumiseen. Mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnittelijoilla ei ole selkeää näkemystä siitä, mitkä sovellustekijät vaikuttavat merkittävimmin kroonisissa sairauksissa sairastavien potilaiden käyttäytymisen muutokseen. Tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee kuluttajille suunnattua terveysteknologiaa, joka hyödyntää lääketieteellistä informatiikkaa ja tietojärjestelmätieteitä. Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää kroonisia sairauksia sairastaville potilaille tarkoitettujen mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnitteluun liittyviä tekijöitä. Tämän vuoksi lääketieteen tietämyksen, käyttäytymismuutoksien mallien ja pelillistämisen yhdistämistä tutkittiin sulautetun tapaustutkimuksen avulla. Saatuja tietoja temaattisesti analysoimalla luotiin kroonisia sairauksia varten motivoivan mobiilin terveyssovelluksen suunnittelumalli (3MD = Model for Motivational Mobile-health Design). 3MD-malli ohjaa sairauksien hallintaan tarkoitettujen pelillistettyjen ja käyttäytymismuutoksiin tähtäävien mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnittelua. Mallin pääkomponentit ovat: 1) Saira

A fundamental challenge for employees in the office environment is the difficulty of being physically active. The long-term effect of physical inactivity can lower work effectiveness and cause health problems. The non-substantial indication from recent research suggests that persuasive techniques can create a significant impact on motivating people. This study investigates the overall influence of using a persuasive application in promoting physical activity in the workplace, such as office environment. To motivate individuals for healthier behaviour, we implemented and tested an application incorporating Self Determination Theory (SDT). We conducted an eight week long usability evaluation of the application, using the UTAUT model. The questionnaires were based on the factors: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Behavioural Intention, and Use Behaviour. We found that our persuasive application was satisfactory to motivate users for physical activity promotion.

__Background:__ The need for wildlife health surveillance as part of disease control in wildlife, domestic animals and humans on the global level is widely recognized. However, the objectives, methods and intensity of existing wildlife health surveillance programs vary greatly among European countries, resulting in a patchwork of data that are difficult to merge and compare. This survey aimed at evaluating the need and potential for data harmonization in wildlife health in Europe. The specific objective was to collect information on methods currently used to estimate host abundance and pathogen prevalence. Questionnaires were designed to