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The aim of this study was to investigate glenoid wear in patients with humeral head replacement with a smaller humeral head, who were observed for5 years, and to examine the relationship between radiographic changes and clinical outcome.In this study, 41 shoulders of 41 patients (13 men, 28 women) were followed up for5 years. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 70.5 years. The average follow-up period at short-term was 26.0 months, and intermediate-term was 66.5 months. We classified glenoid wear into four grades (i.e., Grade 0 to Grade 3). Age, sex, clinical scores, and range of motion were investigated in relation to the grade of glenoid wear. Radiographs of glenoid wear evaluated in the short-term were subsequently compared to radiographs obtained in the intermediate-term period.At the final follow-up, 16 (39%) patients had Grade 0 wear, 11 (27%) patients had Grade 1 wear, 10 (24%) patients had Grade 2 wear, and 4 (10%) patients had Grade 3 wear. The University of California-Los Angeles score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and active forward flexion were significantly lower in the Grade 3 patients; however, Grade 3 patients did not have significant pain. No significant difference in age, sex, Constant score, active external rotation, and active internal rotation in relation to the grade of glenoid wear was observed. In total, 25 (61%) patients showed a progression of glenoid wear. Cases in which glenoid wear progressed after 4 years after surgery were rare. Two patients of Grade 3 underwent total shoulder arthroplasty revision at 16 months and 38 months, respectively.Glenoid wear occurred in 61% of patients at 5 years follow-up. Pain of Grade 3 patients was mild, therefore, if pain is not severe, revision surgery may not be necessary.

Glenoid wear (GW) is a long-term complication after humeral head replacement (HHR) and is one of the major reasons for revision surgery. This study aimed to evaluate GW at8 years of follow-up after HHR in patients with cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) by use of a modified classification of GW, to examine the relationship between GW and clinical outcomes, and to identify risk factors for GW progression.This retrospective case-series study included 34 shoulders that were monitored for8 years after HHR in patients with CTA (13 men and 21 women; mean age at surgery, 70.9 years [range, 55-82 years]). Patients were monitored for a mean of 10.3 years (range, 8.1-13.2 years). GW was classified using plain radiographs as follows: grade 0, no remarkable postoperative changes; grade 1, postoperative glenohumeral joint space narrower than preoperative glenohumeral joint space; grade 2, contact between glenoid and humeral head prosthesis; and grade 3, glenoid erosion. Grade 3 cases were further classified into the following subtypes: grade 3A, partial erosion of anterior glenoid; grade 3B, partial erosion of superior glenoid; and grade 3C, concentric erosion of glenoid. Clinical outcomes including range of motion (active flexion and active external rotation) and postoperative pain (Constant score) were compared between grade 0-2 shoulders and grade 3 shoulders, as well as between the grade 3 subtypes. Age, sex, preoperative range of motion, preoperative pain, and number of ruptured tendons were analyzed as possible risk factors for progression to grade 3.The final GW grade was grade 0 in 3 shoulders, grade 1 in 10, grade 2 in 6, and grade 3 in 15 (grade 3A in 2, grade 3B in 6, and grade 3C in 7). The grade 3 group had lower pain scores (10.7 ± 6.2 vs. 14.2 ± 1.9, P = .044) and limited active flexion (108.2° ± 42.3° vs. 140.6° ± 26.7°, P = .041) compared with the grade 0-2 group. Subtype comparison showed that the grade 3B group had lower pain scores (7.0 ± 6.7 vs. 15.0 ± 0.0, P = .007) and limited active flexion (80.0° ± 26.2° vs. 140.8° ± 27.5°, P = .010) compared with the grade 3C group. Limited preoperative active external rotation was an individual risk factor for grade 3 GW (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.99; P = .009).In the long term (8 years) after HHR with tendon transfer in patients with CTA, patients with the development of grade 3C GW ultimately achieve pain relief even without revision surgery whereas grade 3B GW is associated with persistent pain and might require revision surgery.

Background Although a loss of rotator cuff integrity leads to the superior migration of the humeral head, the parameters that characterize the anterolateral migration of the humeral head have not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the translation of the humeral head scale (T-scale) and clinical outcomes of rotator cuff repair, as well as the correlation between the T-scale and radiologic parameters. Methods One hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears underwent primary rotator cuff repair. The T-scale, which indicates the distance from the center of the humeral head to the lateral coracoacromial arch, was measured on axial computed tomography scans, and the acromiohumeral interval (AHI) was measured radiographically. The correlation of the two parameters with the clinical scores of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association and University of California–Los Angeles scores and active forward elevation (FE) were evaluated at the preoperative and postoperative stages, respectively. Results The postoperative T-scale and AHI correlated well with the postoperative FE and clinical scores in the patients with large-massive tears but not in those patients with small-medium tears and preoperative large-massive tears. A significant correlation was observed between the postoperative T-scale and AHI. The T-scale was subject to cuff repair integrity. Conclusions We demonstrated that the postoperative T-scale was well correlated with the clinical results and postoperative AHI after rotator cuff repair for large-massive tears, indicating that poor outcomes are associated with combined superior and anterolateral migration of the humeral head following retears.

平成21年9月～平成22年1月に沖縄県内の21施設において，大腿骨近位部骨折の診断で入院加療を行った50歳以上の患者311例を対象に，性別，年齢，骨折型，受傷場所，内科合併症の有無，受傷時間帯，骨粗鬆症性骨折の既往と，骨粗鬆症治療薬の服用の有無について調査を行った．症例数は311例で，男性64例，女性247例，平均年齢82.4歳，骨折型は頚部155例，転子部153例，受傷場所は屋内160例，屋外69例，施設内79例であった．264例は合併症を有し，認知症の合併が105例と最も多く，次いで高血圧，脳血管障害の順であった．受傷は6時～11時の時間帯が最も多く，次いで12時～17時，24時～5時の順であった．全体の35％に骨粗鬆症性骨折の既往を認めたが，骨粗鬆症の治療が行われていたのは全体の12.8％であった．骨折の既往や認知症は骨折・転倒リスクの1つであり，リスクを有する高齢者への骨折予防の取り組みが必要と思われた．