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Antibody-mediated therapy for cancer treatment relies on the identification of selected molecular targets. This study is aimed to cloning monoclonal nanobodies into ER2738 (host bacterial cell), this antibody is derived from immunized camel with the purified recombinant HER2 protein. Following camel's immune response was measured by ELISA which showed the high titter (1/3200). Lymphocytes from the camel's blood were isolated, then total RNA was extracted, and first strand of cDNA was synthesized. The heavy chain antibody was amplified by nested PCR using (FPF-1 and FPRCH2) specific primers. The second PCR run was to amplify VHH gene (which is encoded for nanobodies) by using (VHH-F-PRIMER and MMA-VHH FOR 2) specific primers. Both of plasmid pComb3XSS and PCR production (VHH) was digested using sfiI enzyme (restriction enzyme) and both of them was ligated using T4DNA ligase enzyme and then transferred into E.coli ER2738 (host bacterial cell). The result of transformation efficiency showed (9 × 106 cfu/ml). The transformation was confirmed by PCR with specific primers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histamine- producing bacteria may be associated with much irritable bowel disease. The present study was feces samples for histamine producing bacteria (HPB) isolation. Detection was depended on Niven's medium that out of 30 bacterial samples, only 21 isolates were positive for histamine production. The bacterial species were identified by Vitek2 –compact results. E.coli species were selected for present study. Vitek2 –compact device was used to study the sensitivity of bacterial isolates against 16 antibiotic. Most E.coli species were resistant to beta- Lactamaes (Ampicillin/Sulbactam Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin), and sensitive to Trimethoprim (100%. The study showed that E.coli have histidine decarboxylase enzyme that has the ability to produce histamine and the occurrence of the disease, which is considered a virulence factor. The concentration of histamine was detected by HPLC technique (21.01 μg/ml. There are various factors that affect the bacterial production of histamine were detected include pH, salt and temperature. E.coli proportion to the concentration of histamine in pH (6) 21.41 Histamine- producing bacteria may be associated with much irritable bowel disease. The present study was feces samples for histamine producing bacteria (HPB) isolation. Detection was depended on Niven's medium that out of 30 bacterial samples, only 21 isolates were positive for histamine production. The bacterial species were identified by Vitek2 –compact results. E.coli species were selected for present study. Vitek2 –compact device was used to study the sensitivity of bacterial isolates against 16 antibiotic. Most E.coli species were resistant to beta- Lactamaes (Ampicillin/Sulbactam Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin), and sensitive to Trimethoprim (100%. The study showed that E.coli have histidine decarboxylase enzyme that has the ability to produce histamine and the occurrence of the disease, which is considered a virulence factor. The concentration of histamine was detected by HPLC technique (21.01 μg/ml. There are various factors that affect the bacterial production of histamine were detected include pH, salt and temperature. E.coli proportion to the concentration of histamine in pH (6) 21.41μl/mg and less at a temperature 40℃ was 4.82 μl/mg.l/mg and less at a temperature 40℃ was 4.82 μl/mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychiatric cases define as a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Psychiatric cases are still as idiopathic, but in recent years, however, it has been thought that infectious disease (bacteria or virus) is related to these disorders. To achieve this hypothesis, the present study included the uses of electronic diagnosis or so-called biosensor apparatus to detect the infections in psychiatric disorder patients. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighty-nine patients enrolled in the present study were suffering from psychiatric disorders including 174 females and 215 males, with ages ranged between 3 and 73 years. Psychiatric patients were first examined physician using biosensor apparatus under. Patients have been indicated that the presence of many causative agents including Borrelia spp. in blood was more investigated by collecting blood samples to detect the anti- Borrelia immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody in serum of those cases according to Biomerieux (France). Results: The results of immunology study indicated the presence of anti-Borrelia IgM and IgG. Two hundred and fifty-five of 389 patients were positive, 209 of them positive for IgG (chronic cases) and 46 positives for IgM (acute infections) in addition to four were positive for both IgG and IgM. One hundred and one of 389 patients who were 27 positives for IgM and 33 were positive for IgG have accepted to enroll in the present study for further characterization using molecular approach. Whole blood, urine, and buccal swab samples were collected from those patients for molecular detection. DNAs were extracted according to Geneaid and then using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and universal primers, 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Sixty-four of 101 patients of whole blood samples, 23 of 50 samples of urine, and 45 of 45 from buccal swab were positive to 16S rRNA. For more specific characterization, nested PCR for amplification part of 16S rRNA, fla-B, and Osp-A genes was performed. Results of nested PCR were positive to 20 samples (15 seropositive and 5 seronegative) of whole blood to the 16S rRNA and Fla-B genes, whereas Osp-A gene did not show bands. Sequencing of randomly four positive samples showed that one of them100% identical with uncultured Borrelia spp. and three of them have 100% identity to Borrelia burgdorferi according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Conclusion: The present study results showed an actual presence of Borrelia and Borellella in blood of psychiatric patients which gives hope for eventual treatment of psychology disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]