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In recent years, several changes have occurred in the management of chronic immunological conditions with the emerging use of targeted therapies. This two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted through structured in-person interviews in 2018–2019 and 2022. Additional data sources included ambulatory medical records and the itemized reimbursement reporting interface of the National Health Insurance Fund. Drug interactions were analyzed using the UpToDate Lexicomp, Medscape drug interaction checker, and Drugs.com databases. The chi-square test was used, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. In total, 185 patients participated. In 53% of patients (n = 53), a serious drug–drug interaction (DDI) was identified (mean number: 1.07 ± 1.43, 0–7), whereas this value was 38% (n = 38) for potential drug–supplement interactions (mean number: 0.58 ± 0.85, 0–3) and 47% (n = 47) for potential targeted drug interactions (0.72 ± 0.97, 0–5) in 2018. In 2022, 78% of patients (n = 66) were identified as having a serious DDI (mean number: 2.27 ± 2.69, 0–19), 66% (n = 56) had a potential drug–supplement interaction (mean number: 2.33 ± 2.69, 0–13), and 79% (n = 67) had a potential targeted drug interactions (1.35 ± 1.04, 0–5). Older age (>60 years; OR: 2.062), female sex (OR: 3.387), and polypharmacy (OR: 5.276) were identified as the main risk factors. Screening methods and drug interaction databases do not keep pace with the emergence of new therapeutics.

Background: The pharmacist career is constantly adapting to societal and health care needs. The past decade has seen a growing demand for curricular development to align graduation outcome with workforce competencies. Objective: This study aims to identify expectations for both didactic and experiential components of a new curriculum based on young pharmacist practitioner views. Methods: An online survey questionnaire was used in 2019–2020 to evaluate the pharmacy curriculum to detect indicators or key areas which require comprehensive reform. Results: The predominant majority of the 205 study participants recommended reduction in credit hours for Natural Sciences (78.54%) and a similar increase in the Theoretical and Practical Expertise Module (77.9%). Pharmaceutical care, clinical therapeutics and clinical pharmacy competencies should also be more highlighted in the program. Findings indicate the current training does not prepare for problem-solving and daily workplace challenges (72.7%) or for extended pharmacist skills and competencies (71.71%). Results show inconsistency in practical training experience, as all respondents participated in practical training for drug manufacturing and analysis but 61.0% reported no hands-on skills training in a hospital-clinical simulation setting. Indications for practitioner involvement into the natural sciences and biomedical subjects (86.3%) confirm the obvious need for more practice-oriented education. Conclusions: Educational reforms seem to be inevitable to achieve measurable improvement in professional practice and skills competency. The country specific demand for a needs-based pharmacy education reflects global trends but may also provide useful insights for individual transitions to transform education through practice and improve practice through education.

Pharmacy schools recognize the need for flexibility and comprehensive curricular transformation with a competency-based focus to effectively prepare for the evolving practitioner competencies and challenges of the pharmacy profession. The curricular implementation of evidence-based teaching and learning theories and practices demands educator proficiency through skills development with indispensable faculty leadership support. Our scoping review of online databases and pharmacy education-related journals aims to identify faculty development interventions or teaching proficiency programs that integrate educational and pedagogical theories. Original studies and reviews published between 2010 and 2022 were screened based on four inclusion criteria. Thirty-four manuscripts were eligible for full-text analysis, of which seven results referenced target faculty pedagogy knowledge development. Nine key messages, as Results Statements, synthesize and provide a framework for our results analysis. An ongoing Hungarian intervention model of comprehensive faculty development with strong interdisciplinary cooperation is discussed in our study to illustrate the applicability of the Results Statements through each stage of the process. Educator motivation and relatedness to students or awareness of the educator roles are intrinsic factors, which may not be easily detectable yet significantly impact teaching proficiency and student learning outcomes. The integration of evidence-based pedagogical knowledge and training in educator proficiency development contributes to the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of faculty interventions.

Balancing in a distributed generation network is an increasingly difficult task because of the increasing number of residential prosumers on the power network. This paper proposes a framework for the estimation, as well as the prediction of the power flexibility of residential prosumers. In order to quantify the residential buildings’ demand flexibility, a thermoelectric simulation model of a typical residential house was developed based on first engineering principles. Based on the calculated flexibility values, a simple prediction method was used to give a short-term forecast of the prosumer flexibility. The results were validated by simulation experiments incorporating real data for four different scenarios.

In recent years, several changes have occurred in the management of chronic immunological conditions with the emerging use of targeted therapies. This two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted through structured in-person interviews in 2018–2019 and 2022. Additional data sources included ambulatory medical records and the itemized reimbursement reporting interface of the National Health Insurance Fund. Drug interactions were analyzed using the UpToDate Lexicomp, Medscape drug interaction checker, and Drugs.com databases. The chi-square test was used, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. In total, 185 patients participated. In 53% of patients (n = 53), a serious drug–drug interaction (DDI) was identified (mean number: 1.07 ± 1.43, 0–7), whereas this value was 38% (n = 38) for potential drug–supplement interactions (mean number: 0.58 ± 0.85, 0–3) and 47% (n = 47) for potential targeted drug interactions (0.72 ± 0.97, 0–5) in 2018. In 2022, 78% of patients (n = 66) were identified as having a serious DDI (mean number: 2.27 ± 2.69, 0–19), 66% (n = 56) had a potential drug–supplement interaction (mean number: 2.33 ± 2.69, 0–13), and 79% (n = 67) had a potential targeted drug interactions (1.35 ± 1.04, 0–5). Older age (>60 years; OR: 2.062), female sex (OR: 3.387), and polypharmacy (OR: 5.276) were identified as the main risk factors. Screening methods and drug interaction databases do not keep pace with the emergence of new therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palaeoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is becoming increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here, we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3 contains speleothem data from 365 sites from across the globe, including 95 Mg/Ca , 85 Sr/Ca , 52 Ba/Ca , 25 U/Ca , 29 P/Ca , and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (892) and carbon (620) isotope records compared with SISALv2 (which consists of 673 and 430 stable oxygen and carbon records, respectively). Additional meta information has been added to improve the machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities along with the originally published chronologies. Thus, the SISALv3 database constitutes a unique resource of speleothem palaeoclimate information that allows regional to global palaeoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, permitting more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other Earth system and hydrological models. The database can be accessed at 10.5287/ora-2nanwp4rk (Kaushal et al., 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective to study the influence of microbiome on host fitness is frequently constrained by spatial and temporal variability of microbial communities. In particular, the environment serves as a dynamic reservoir of microbes that provides potential colonizers for animal microbiomes. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of Hydra oligactis and corresponding water samples from 15 Hungarian lakes to reveal the contribution of environmental microbiota on host microbiome. Correlation analyses and neutral modeling revealed that differences in Hydra microbiota are associated with differences in environmental microbiota. To further investigate the influence of environmental bacterial community on the host microbiome, field-collected Hydra polyps from three populations were cultured in native water or foreign water. Our results show that lake water bacteria significantly contribute to Hydra microbial communities, but the compositional profile remained stable when cultured in different water sources. Longitudinal analysis of the in vitro experiment revealed a site-specific change in microbiome that correlated with the source water quality. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that while freshwater serves as a critical microbial reservoir, Hydra microbial communities exhibit remarkable resilience to environmental changes maintaining stability despite potential invasion. This dual approach highlights the complex interplay between environmental reservoirs and host microbiome integrity.

Paleoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr-isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3, contains speleothem data from 364 sites from across the globe, including 94 Mg/Ca, 83 Sr/Ca, 51 Ba/Ca, 25 U/Ca, 29 P/Ca and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (831) and carbon (588) isotope records compared to SISALv2. Additional meta information has been added to improve machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities together with the originally published chronologies. The SISALv3 database thus constitutes a unique resource of speleothem paleoclimate information that allows regional-to-global paleoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, allowing more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other earth system and hydrological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Living cells have spontaneous ultraweak photon emission derived from metabolic reactions associated with physiological conditions. The ORCA-Quest CMOS camera (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) is a highly sensitive and essential tool for photon detection; its use with a microscope incubator (Olympus) enables the detection of photons emitted by embryos with the exclusion of harmful visible light. With the application of the second law of thermodynamics, the low-entropy energy absorbed and used by embryos can be distinguished from the higher-entropy energy released and detectable in their environment. To evaluate higher-entropy energy data from embryos, we developed a unique algorithm for the calculation of the entropy-weighted spectral fractal dimension, which demonstrates the self-similar structure of the energy (photons) released by embryos. Analyses based on this structure enabled the distinction of living and degenerated mouse embryos, and of frozen and fresh embryos and the background. This novel detection of ultra-weak photon emission from mouse embryos can provide the basis for the development of a photon emission embryo control system. The ultraweak photon emission fingerprints of embryos may be used for the selection of viable specimens in an ideal dark environment.

Study Region: The 3000 km2 of the Panama Canal Watershed. Study Focus: This study provides insight into the spatiotemporal behavior of precipitation across the PCW11 Panama Canal Watershed utilizing 6-day rainfall records from 29 meteorological stations from 1950 to 2019. The focus interval of 2000–2017 offered the most complete spatiotemporal coverage of the long-term seasonal variability explored by hierarchical cluster analysis. Since the ENSO22 El Niño Southern Oscillation is a key driver of hydroclimate variability in central Panama, differences in the rainfall patterns during the six most prominent El Niño and La Niña events, having respective ENSO indices of > 1.80 and

Cooperatives, which abound in theoretical constructions, can be defined as associations of people who unite for a specific purpose and try to satisfy their economic needs through a democratically operated, jointly owned enterprise. However, it is an established fact that, by the end of the nineteenth century, industrial revolution and capitalism had brought many economic and social problems and manifold grave social challenges. This led to the further organizational development of self-help which, in turn, was an effective tool for shaping ethnic communities in the great trend of modernization and embourgeoisement. Self-help associations had a long tradition in the Habsburg Monarchy, including the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, already from the first half of the nineteenth century. However, especially in the last third of the nineteenth century, the development and consolidation of cooperative networks in this Central European region went hand in hand with ethnically based cooperative self-organization controlled from above by the agrarian elites. Cooperative centres were established, which performed not only economic and social, but also national policy-related tasks, at the same time gradually monopolizing some producer-supplier areas. Certain interpretations view cooperatives as important tools of small-state economic nationalism, relegating their economic goals to the background. Focusing on the period between 1898 and 1918, this study deals with the process and stages of development in the Hungarian cooperative system in Upper Hungary, whose solid foundations were laid from the late nineteenth century onwards. Relying on archival sources, it discusses the strategies of the two most significant cooperative centres, the Országos Központi Hitelszövetkezet (National Central Credit Cooperative) and Hangya (’Ant’). In the early twentieth century, these Hungarian attempts at integration coincided with the increasingly pronounced decentralization ideas of the Slovak cooperative elite.

Time-evolution of the Universe as described by the Friedmann equation can be coupled to equations of motion of matter fields. Quantum effects may be incorporated to improve these classical equations of motion by the renormalization group (RG) running of their couplings. Since temporal and thermal evolutions are linked to each other, astrophysical and cosmological treatments based on zero-temperature RG methods require the extension to finite-temperatures. We propose and explore a modification of the usual finite-temperature RG approach by relating the temperature parameter to the running RG scale as T≡kT=τk (in natural units), where kT is acting as a running cutoff for thermal fluctuations and the momentum k can be used for the quantum fluctuations. In this approach, the temperature of the expanding universe is related to the dimensionless quantity τ (and not to kT). We show that by this choice dimensionless RG flow equations have no explicit k-dependence, as it is convenient. We also discuss how this modified thermal RG is used to handle high-energy divergences of the RG running of the cosmological constant and to “solve the triviality” of the ϕ4 model by a thermal phase transition in terms of τ in d=4 Euclidean dimensions.

Monographic processing of Avar Period (6–8th century) glass beads. Approx. 200 glass beads have been selected from 13 archaeological sites in current day Hungary as the representatives of typical Avar glass beads. The beads were analyzed with electron microprobe analyzer attached with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer and/or energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer peripheries for 12–15 elements complemented with archaeological and color description. These beads provide insights primarily into the trade and interactions of the Avar population in the Carpathian Basin with other peoples. Through their analysis, we can learn about the economic systems associated with glass production and the connections between different regions. Furthermore, Avar Age glass beads offer valuable information about craftsmanship and artistic expression. Their diverse shapes, colors, and patterns showcase the skill and creativity of the artisans who made them, as well as hint at the production technology used. The purpose of data collection is to identify the raw materials and coloring agents used in bead production, detect potential chronological changes, internationally explore the identified production technology in terms of space and time, and outline the Avars' trade network, and provide reference for future research. This is the first ever published database of Avar Age glass beads.

Versatile, two-step syntheses of dihydrodibenzo[ c , e ]azepines, carbazole derivatives, and other alkaloid-type drug-like scaffolds by in situ generated azomethine ylide-induced intramolecular electrocyclization reaction from commercially available materials are presented. The reaction mechanisms of transition-metal-free carbon–carbon bond formation and the role of the kinetic control, resulting in the good regioselectivity, were confirmed by theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common debilitating conditions in the population over the age of 50. Its pathomechanism is still not fully understood. Nowadays, in elderly population, the most common approach to control bone loss is blocking osteoclastic activity by administration of antiresorptive drugs. Such drugs are also used for the management of metastatic bone cancer, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and other conditions with elevated osteoclastic activity. Bisphosphonate therapy is the first choice, but recently monoclonal antibody to RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factorkappa B ligand), has also been used; each with distinct mechanism of actions. Bisphosphonates irreversibly adhere to bone minerals, and during bone remodelling, osteoclasts internalise and metabolise matrix-bound bisphosphonates. Subsequently, they damage cytoskeletal organization and ruffled border integrity, resulting in the eventual osteoclast apoptosis. On the other hand, denosumab blocks osteoclast neogenesis by neutralizing RANKL, which is necessary for osteoclast precursor differentiation into mature osteoclasts. Thus, bisphosphonates acts on mature osteoclasts, while denosumab hinders osteoclast formation from its precursors. Although their antiresorptive actions are different, recent case reports and controlled clinical studies indicated that administration of either of these may be associated with development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The fact that ONJ is associated with both bisphosphonates and denosumab convincingly suggests that osteoclast suppression is essential in the pathomechanism of ONJ. The evidence-based, cause-related therapy for MRONJ still remains missing. Many alternative therapeutic approaches has recently been tested and published, amongst them, using recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rh-PTH, teriparatide) may become a promising treatment modality

The goal of the present paper is to investigate whether any objectively defined and statistically significant changes can be discovered in one of the longest homogenized instrumental temperature records in East-Central Europe. Thus, it is hoped that the present analysis will add to earlier attempts and elucidate the persistence of the warming period observed in the early 20th century. Similar to the global tendency, the Early Twentieth Century Warming (hereinafter, ETCW) period can be identified between 1931 and 1951 in the annual mean temperature time series of Keszthely, a small town in Hungary. The Mann-Kendall trend test was used to determine whether a monotonic trend was present, as it is not possible to regard the residuals of the linear trend as normally distributed. A significant rising trend can be observed in the warming period in spring of the years between 1925 and 1951. In case of summer and autumn, this period cannot be characterized as having any significant identifiable trend. A rise in the mean can, however, be recognized. Overall, the specific regional manifestation of the global ETCW may clearly be illustrated in this study via detailed statistical analysis of the temperature records for Keszthely, a location with one of the longest temperature records in Hungary. However, other regions surrounding Hungary show similar climatic trends, emphasizing the fact that the behaviour presented here is not unique to Central and Eastern Europe.

With increasing realised traffic on transport networks, greenhouse gas emissions show a similar trend. Reducing them is a modern aspiration, creating a better place to live and moving towards sustainability. Expanding the infrastructure is often not an appropriate solution, as the system would only be fully utilised at peak times, while at less frequent times it would not even approach capacity and would require huge investment costs. An alternative to further construction work is the implementation of intelligent traffic systems, where smoother flows can achieve higher capacity by reducing the variability in the system. In a motorway environment, a common approach is Variable Speed Limit Control, where the road is divided into zones and individual speed limits are used to increase or decrease the load on the cells. This paper proposes a solution in which individual cells make decisions cooperatively, in contrast to classical state machine-based methods. Thanks to the jointly formulated goal of the agents, a predictive control method is created that leads to a reduction in emissions due to avoided shock waves and reduced waiting times. This paper presents a solution that provides a universal solution across multiple application lengths, illustrating the power of deep learning. https://github.com/istvan-knab/Variable-speed-limit-control.

The evaluation of hemodynamic conditions in critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients is inevitable in endovascular interventions. In this study, the performance of color-coded digital subtraction angiography (ccDSA) and the recently developed color-coded digital variance angiography (ccDVA) was compared in the assessment of key time parameters in lower extremity interventions. The observational study included 19 CLTI patients who underwent peripheral vascular intervention at our institution in 2020. Pre- and post-dilatational images were retrospectively processed and analyzed by a commercially available ccDSA software (Kinepict Medical Imaging Tool 6.0.3; Kinepict Health Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) and by the recently developed ccDVA technology. Two protocols were applied using both a 4 and 7.5 frames per second acquisition rate. Time-to-peak (TTP) parameters were determined in four pre- and poststenotic regions of interest (ROI), and ccDVA values were compared to ccDSA read-outs. The ccDVA technology provided practically the same TTP values as ccDSA (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.98, p < 0.0001). The correlation was extremely high independently of the applied protocol or the position of ROI; the r value was 0.99 (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.0001) in all groups. A similar correlation was observed in the change in passage time (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.96, p < 0.0001). The color-coded DVA technology can reproduce the same hemodynamic data as a commercially available DSA-based software; therefore, it has the potential to be an alternative decision-supporting tool in catheter labs.

The research presented investigates whether DNA-based metabarcoding can replace the morphology-based identification of diatom taxa in the ecological status assessments of aquatic habitats. When comparing data obtained with microscopy and metabarcoding, significant deviations have been noticed. One of the main reasons includes the incompleteness of the reference database used for taxonomic annotation of sequences. The database library should be complemented with species inhabiting unique habitats and having specific environmental requirements representing environmental endpoints for genetic diversification. Soda pans and soda lakes are examples of an extreme habitat with the loss of sodic character as the main threat; thus, accurate identification of species and exact information on their salinity tolerance is essential for adequate ecological status assessment. In the present study, by using microscopy and metabarcoding, we investigated taxa of the genus Halamphora that are common in soda pans and soda lakes. We detected six species of which Halamphora dominici and H. veneta occurred frequently and often in high abundance (it was often dominant having relative abundance higher than 5%). Analyses of DNA data confirmed the separation of the two species; as a result, the reference database library has been supplemented with sequences of H. dominici. Furthermore, we have confirmed that this species, which is a significant indicator of sodic character, shows a positive correlation with salinity.

Small lowland watercourses, strongly exposed to anthropogenic activities and climate change, have received negligible odonatological attention. This study provides a revised checklist of three typical lowland small watercourses (Kállai-főfolyás, Konyári-Kálló and Ölyvös) within the Pannonian Lowland and presents the changes in their diversity over the past decades. Results revealed a significant biodiversity loss, with a 31.6% decline in Odonata fauna over the last 53 years. The upper and middle sections degraded the most, where the habitats have dried out or become intermittent. However, a diverse Odonata assemblage (1,277 individuals of 27 species) was observed at the 14 sampling sites of the three watercourses, containing protected and sensitive species (Somatochlora flavomaculata, Orthetrum brunneum, Aeshna isoceles, Libellula fulva). However, the low abundance of larval and exuvial forms (59 individuals of 13 species) suggests that the majority of the observed adults were developed in other watercourses. While recolonisation from nearby habitats is still possible, a parallel degradation of adjecent waterbodies could lead to an irreversible biodiversity loss.