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The aeration process promotes a reduction in the ammonia content (the substrate for nitrification) in slurry which mitigates N2O emission from soil. The pre-treated slurry results a good fertiliser as it improves the plant growth and reduces the heavy metals content in edible parts of spinach plant. The overall data show that the aerobic treatment of slurry subjected to 24 hours of air insufflating might represent a valid strategy to recycle animal wastes and utilize it as fertilizer.

Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/Ag NPs) covered with tartaric acid (TA) have been synthesized through an "eco-friendly” approach and used for direct physical immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginous (TLL). The immobilized lipase was tested for the production of biodiesel from grape seeds oil, and in a solvent-free system. The maximum yield to biodiesel was about 94%, at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 1:6. In the same operating conditions free lipase exhibited, after 24 h, a maximum yield of 77%. Moreover, the FAME content in biodiesel was ~96.54% in accordance with European Standards.

Herein, in this report, was developed a nano-hybrid of Fe3O4/Ag/GO nanoparticles (NPs), constituted of graphene oxide (GO) supporting flower-like Fe3O4/Ag NPs in the presence of citric acid surfactant. The citric acid-functionalized Fe3O4/Ag/GO nanoparticles were used for Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization. The immobilized HRP can be tested to remove 2,4-dichlorophenols in the presence of H2O2, the degradation of 2,4-DCP at pH 6 at 25 °C and in the presence of H2O2 (0.8 mM) was for free and immobilized HRP of 40 % and 77 %, respectively. Moreover, immobilized HRP showed a high removal efficiency of ~94% in the presence of 0.6 mM of H2O2.

In the present paper, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) covered with tartaric acid (TA) have been synthesized through an "eco-friendly approach" and subsequently used for direct physical immobilization of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginous (TLL). The immobilized lipase was used for the biodiesel production from dairy waste scum oil in a solvent-free system. The maximum yield to biodiesel of the immobilized lipase is about 90%, at the alcohol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, in the same operating conditions free lipase exhibits, after 24 h, a maximum yield of 76% with a molar ratio of 3:1. The immobilized lipase showed excellent reusability. The biodiesel properties evidence the feasibility of the dairy waste scum oil as raw material for biodiesel production.

Here we report the removal of 4-chlorophenols from waste water through the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on Fe3O4/Au_GO nanoparticles. The large amount of surface functional groups on the support, which is coated with citric acid molecules, enables rapid enzyme immobilization through electrostatic interactions. HRP have been immobilized through physical adsorption on Fe3O4/Au_GO for 4-chlorophenols removal. The 4-chlorophenol degradation in presence of HRP immobilized on Fe3O4/Au_GO was 98 % after 180 min and at room temperature, with a reusability after three cycle of 95 %.

Drawing on original documentation - sketches, photographs and the iconic axonometrics - the book explores the creative process of James Stirling: from the early inspirations of Liverpools docks to his devotion to Le Corbusier, acknowledging the fundamental role of the partnership with James Gowan and Michael Wilford.

Tumor microenvironment can differ considerably in various types of tumors in terms of cellular and cytokine networks and molecular drivers. The well known link between inflammation and cancer has recently found a number of genetic and molecular confirmations. In this respect, numerous reports have revealed that infection and chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer development, progression and control. Adhesion molecules, chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, that enroll leukocytes, are persistently present in cancer microenvironment, thus increasing the risk for developing tumors. In this respect, cancer-derived microvescicles, in particular exosomes, exert an important role in the recruitment and reprogramming of components of tumor microenvironment. The relationship between cancer and virus infection has generated, in recent years, a great interest for studies aiming to better understand the role of the immune system in the control of these infections and of the immune co-factors in the promotion of the virus-induced neoplastic transformation. This suggests that virus-induced immune alterations may play a role to create an immunotolerogenic microenvironment during the carcinogenesis process.

Il contributo di A. Buccaro ha riguardato l'analisi storica di un'area parte dell'insediamento dell'antica Puteoli, con l'individuazione delle relative fonti doumentarie e iconografiche, nonché una ricostruzione della vicenda evolutiva della topografia urbana e delle architetture ivi esistenti. Lo studio è stato redatto nell'ambito di un lavoro di équipe finalizzato al recupero dell'insula 14 del Rione Terra.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small ( 22 nt), non-codifying RNAs involved in the negative regulation of mRNAs expression. They normally bind the 3' UTR region of mRNAs, either inhibiting translation or promoting mRNA specific degradation. They are involved in the regulation of several cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, embryonic development and apoptosis. Accumulating evidence indicates a role of miRNAs also in tumorigenesis as it is well known that tumor cells bear a specific and altered pattern of miRNAs expression. Objectives: In an initial attempt, we sought to check the levels of three HPV-associated miRNAs (miR-126, miR-155 and miR-223). We also tested the effect of IFN b treatment on the miRNAs expression and on the putative miRNAs targets expression. Methods: We used primary keratinocytes transformed by both E6 and E7 proteins derived from mucosal or cutaneous HPV (HPV-16 and -38, respectively named K16 and K38). We also used HPV-positive (CaSki, SiHa) or -negative (primary keratinocytes and C33A) cells. MiRNAs expression was checked using a specific TaqMan Small RNA Assay from Applied Biosysthems, mRNAs expression by Sybr-green based RT-PCR and protein expression by Western Blot. Results and Conclusions: Preliminary miRNAs analysis revealed that, if compared to normal keratinocytes, miR-126 and miR-155 are differentially expressed in K16 and K38, being miR-126 under-expressed in K16 and over-expressed in K38; miR-155 is, instead, over-expressed in K16 and under-expressed in K38. Putative miRNA-155 target K-Ras is over-expressed in all HPV positive cells tested, compared to HPV negative C33A squamous carcinoma cell line. IFN b treatment has no effects on K-Ras expression in K16 and, surprisingly, downregulates K-Ras expression in the other HPV positive cells whereas upregulates K-Ras expression in C33A cells. These results indicate a correlation between HPV genotypes and miRNAs expression profiles evidentiating also the ability of the antitumoral agent IFN b to interfere with E6 and/ or E7-induced miRNAs dysregulation.

The formation of hydroxo acetate complexes of iron (III) ion has been studied at 25 degrees C in 3 M (Na)ClO4 ionic medium by measuring with a glass electrode the hydrogen ion concentration in Fe(ClO4)3-HClO4-NaAc mixtures (Ac = acetate ion). The acetate/metal ratio ranged from 0 to 6, the metal concentration varied from 0.005 to 0.06 M, whereas [H+] was stepwise decreased from 0.1 M to initial precipitation of hydroxo-acetates. This occurred, depending on the acetate/metal ratio, in the -log[H+] range 1.85-2.7. The potentiometric data are consistent with the presence of Fe3(OH)3Ac3(3+), Fe2(OH)2(4+), Fe3(OH)4(5+), Fe3(OH)5(4+) and, as minor species, of Fe3(OH)2Ac6+, FeAc2+, FeAc2+, FeOH2+ and Fe(OH)2+. Previously published EMF measurements with redox and glass half-cells were recalculated to refine the stability constants of FeAc2+, FeAc2+ and Fe3(OH)2Ac6+. Formation constants *beta pqr for pFe(3+)+(q-r)H2O + rHAc reversible Fep(OH)(q-r)(Ac)r3p-q + qH+ (in parenthesis the infinite dilution value): log*beta 111 = -1.85 +/- 0.02 (-0.67 +/- 0.15), log*beta 122 = -3.43 +/- 0.02 (-1.45 +/- 0.15); log*beta 363 = -5.66 +/- 0.03 (-2.85 +/- 0.40), log*beta 386 = -8.016 +/- 0.006 (-4.06 +/- 0.15), log*beta 220 = -2.88 +/- 0.02 (-2.84 +/- 0.05), log*beta 340 = -6.14 +/- 0.18 (-6.9 +/- 0.4), log*beta 350 = -8.44 +/- 0.09 (-7.65 +/- 0.15).