93 results on '"Iván Espinosa"'
Search Results
2. FunAndes – A functional trait database of Andean plants
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Selene Báez, Luis Cayuela, Manuel J. Macía, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Amira Apaza-Quevedo, Itziar Arnelas, Natalia Baca-Cortes, Guillermo Bañares de Dios, Marijn Bauters, Celina Ben Saadi, Cecilia Blundo, Marian Cabrera, Felipe Castaño, Leslie Cayola, Julia G. de Aledo, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Belén Fadrique, William Farfán-Rios, Alfredo Fuentes, Claudia Garnica-Díaz, Mailyn González, Diego González, Isabell Hensen, Ana Belén Hurtado, Oswaldo Jadán, Denis Lippok, M. Isabel Loza, Carla Maldonado, Lucio Malizia, Laura Matas-Granados, Jonathan A. Myers, Natalia Norden, Imma Oliveras Menor, Kerstin Pierick, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Beatriz Salgado-Negret, Matthias Schleuning, Miles Silman, María Elena Solarte-Cruz, J. Sebastián Tello, Hans Verbeeck, Emilio Vilanova, Greta Weithmann, and Jürgen Homeier
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Science - Abstract
Measurement(s) Bark thickness • Leaf area • Leaf aluminium (Al) content per leaf dry mass • Specific leaf area • Leaf calcium (Ca) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13 C) • Leaf compoundness • Leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass (leaf dry matter content, LDMC) • Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15 N) • Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf texture (sclerophylly, physical strength, toughness) • leaf thickness • Plant growth form • Stem conduit cross-sectional area (vessels and tracheids) • Stem conduit density (vessels and tracheids) • Sapwood specific conductivity Technology Type(s) bark gauge • Scanner Device • inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy • Calculated from area and mass • CN analyzer • Isotope analyzer • in vivo visual assessment • Ratio of fresh to dry mass • punch tester • micrometer • optical analysis of cross sections with specific software • weight and volume measurement • estimated with equations from wood anatomy Factor Type(s) Country • Lat • Long • Elevation • Collection_year Sample Characteristic - Organism Tracheophyta Sample Characteristic - Environment Andean ecosystems • cloud forest • tropical upper montane forest • tropical lower montane forest • Paramo • Andes Sample Characteristic - Location South America • Venezuela • Colombia • Ecuador • Peru • Bolivia • Argentina
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- 2022
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3. Desacuerdos, crisis y movimientos: miradas contemporáneas a las expresiones literarias y culturales latinoamericanas
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Moreno Santacruz, Sebastián, additional, Barón, Laura Andrea, additional, Botero Bermúdez, Ana María, additional, Cazares, Carlos Andrés, additional, Cubillos, Vivian Rocío, additional, Orozco, Iván Espinosa, additional, Febres, Harry, additional, Gamboa, Diana M., additional, Huertas, Gary, additional, Plaza, Juan Esteban, additional, González, Gabriela Reyes, additional, Saldarriaga Gutiérrez, Sebastián, additional, Varguillas, Pedro, additional, Villarraga, Valentina, additional, and Yagmour, Jhoerson, additional
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- 2022
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4. Is the anemia in men an effect of the risk of crude oil contamination?
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María Isabel Ramírez, Ana Paulina Arévalo-Jaramillo, Carlos Iván Espinosa, and Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
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Oil exposure ,Contamination ,Hematological markers ,Anemia ,Health effects ,Environmental exposure ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
Pollution from oil spills can seriously affect many ecosystem processes and human health. Many articles have evaluated the impact of oil spills on human health. However, most of these articles focus on occupational exposure. The effect on people living in the areas affected by oil pollution is rarely studied. Approximately 640 million people worldwide live in areas at risk of oil pollution. Thus, studying the impact of this pollution on human health should be a priority. Here, we evaluate the presence of anemia in relation to crude oil exposure in men living in areas at risk of oil contamination in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Orellana and Napo). We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters of 135 participants. We divided the participants into three groups according to exposure: low, medium, and high. Our results showed a significant association between exposure risk and hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration. Groups with medium- and high- contamination exposure had levels below normal values in hemoglobin and hematocrit in more than 30% and 26% of the population, respectively. In conclusion, we found that crude oil affected human health, and the prevalence of the anemia in men was dependent of the level of contamination.
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- 2022
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5. Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru
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Diego Armijos-Ojeda, Diana Székely, Paul Székely, Dan Cogălniceanu, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado, Adrián Escudero, and Carlos Iván Espinosa
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Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Seasonally dry forests (SDFs) are one of the most challenging ecosystems for amphibians, fueling the diversity of this group of vertebrates. An updated inventory of native amphibians present in the Equatorial SDF is provided, which extends along the Pacific coast of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The study is based on an extensive field sampling (two thirds of the total records) carried out throughout the Equatorial SDF, along with a compilation of the available information on distribution of amphibians in the region from published scientific papers, museum collections and on-line databases. The final dataset included 2,032 occurrence records for 30 amphibian species, belonging to eight anuran families. Additionally, data regarding conservation status, habitat use, spawn deposition site, reproductive mode, and body size, along with an identification key for all encountered species are provided. The results indicate a strong sampling bias with a deficit in the Peruvian part of the study area, and a need for urgent inventories targeted at under-sampled areas, using modern taxonomic methods. The study emphasizes the conservation priorities in the Equatorial SDF, based on the distribution, conservation status and life-history data. This information should be useful for the local authorities and institutions involved in the management and conservation of biodiversity in SDF.
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- 2021
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6. Activity patterns of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a neotropical dry forest: changes according to age, sex, and climatic season.
- Author
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CUEVA-HURTADO, LUIS, JARA-GUERRERO, ANDREA, CISNEROS, RODRIGO, and IVÁN ESPINOSA, CARLOS
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WHITE-tailed deer ,TROPICAL dry forests ,ANIMAL sexual behavior ,DEER populations ,ACTIVITIES of daily living - Abstract
Copyright of Therya is the property of Asociacion Mexicana de Mastozoologia, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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7. La Prehistoria en los medios publicitarios: el uso comercial de la distorsión del pasado
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María Díaz de Torres and Óscar Iván Espinosa Soto
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prehistoria ,publicidad ,estereotipo ,hombre prehistórico. ,Prehistoric archaeology ,GN700-890 ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
La prehistoria no es una etapa de la historia ajena al gran público. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances en la investigación prehistórica y las acciones divulgativas, la prehistoria se sigue representando bajo fuertes estereotipos y clichés. El presente trabajo analiza la visión social de la prehistoria y lo prehistórico a través del estudio de catorce piezas publicitarias audiovisuales de temática prehistórica. El estudio se ha hecho en base a cuatro líneas de análisis: el concepto de prehistoria, la imagen del entorno, la humanidad prehistórica y los comportamientos asociados a la prehistoria; lo que permite obtener una aproximación al imaginario colectivo y las distorsiones presentes en la sociedad sobre la prehistoria y lo prehistórico.
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- 2022
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8. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Urbanization: Response of a Bird Community in the Neotropical Andes
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Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos, Mario Díaz, Adrián Escudero, Elyce Gosselin, Lisette P. Waits, and Carlos Iván Espinosa
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birds ,diversity ,trophic guilds ,foraging strata ,land use ,Andes ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Urbanization constitutes one of the most aggressive drivers of habitat and biodiversity loss worldwide. However, studies focused on determining the response of local biodiversity to urbanization are still scarce, especially in tropical ecosystems. Urban ecosystems are characterized by low biological productivity which in turn leads to a reduction in biodiversity. However, the responses to urbanization should be species dependent. For instance, changes in the availability of resources can favor certain species with specific characteristics. We assessed the effects of the urbanization process on a bird community in a city located in the Tropical Andes of southern Ecuador, a region widely recognized for its diversity and endemism of birds. We selected three independent localities in each of the four levels of the urbanization gradient in the study area (forest, forest-pasture, pasture, and urban). In each locality, we sampled the bird community by visual and auditory surveys along 1 km transects between 2016 and 2017. We recorded a total of 1,257 individuals belonging to 74 bird species. We evaluated if the responses of richness and abundance of birds are dependent on trophic guild and foraging strata. We found a significant decrease in bird species richness and abundance from forest to urban sites. However, the response of birds was dependent on the trophic guild and foraging strata. Granivorous birds showed a positive response associated with the urbanization gradient while insectivorous birds showed a negative response. Insectivorous birds were more abundant in forest sites and decreased in abundance across the urbanization gradient. We found that the proportion of birds using different foraging strata drastically changed along urban gradient. Forest sites exhibited a bird community using a variety of habitats, but the bird community became simpler toward the most urbanized sites. Our findings showed different effects of urbanization on bird communities. The ugly: urbanization leads to a dramatic reduction in the diversity of birds, which is consistent in cities with different characteristics and ecological contexts. On the other hand, the responses of bird guilds to urbanization are species dependent. Some guilds are positively impacted by urbanization and show increases in species richness and abundance while other guilds are negatively impacted.
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- 2022
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9. La pobreza de los recién llegados a Baja California
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Óscar Peláez Herreros and Jorge Iván Espinosa Godínez
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pobreza multidimensional ,inmigrantes ,bienestar ,diferencias interestatales ,baja california ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Objetivo: demostrar que la población que llegó en los últimos años a Baja California es más pobre que los residentes establecidos desde hace más tiempo, e investigar las causas y características del fenómeno. Metodología: se utilizan datos bienales de entre 2010 y 2018 del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social, se realizan contrastes de proporciones y se estiman modelos de regresión de datos agrupados y de efectos fijos. Resultados: se encontró que, contrario a lo que ocurre en los demás estados de México, en Baja California la proporción de pobres es mayor entre los residentes más recientes que entre los que llevan más tiempo en la entidad. El porcentaje de pobres, el número relativo de inmigrantes y su origen son factores explicativos de esta diferencia. Limitaciones: los datos proceden de las encuestas no necesariamente diseñadas para los fines de esta investigación. Además, no fue posible detectar todas las causas del fenómeno analizado. Valor: se cuantifica por primera vez la relación entre la pobreza y los inmigrantes que llegan a Baja California, y se aporta información sobre las causas y características de esta relación. Conclusiones: Baja California es el único estado del país en el que los recién llegados contribuyen de manera sistemática a elevar la pobreza.
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- 2021
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10. Crónica del mes de reflexión episcopal de julio 1971 en Medellín
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Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
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medellín ,joint pastoral ,episcopal reflection month ,celam ,oscar arnulfo romero ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The article contextualizes and investigates the details of the «Episcopal Reflection Month» organized by the Department of Joint Pastoral of the Celam in July 1971, which providentially met several bishops, some of whom were not in the II General Conference three years before, and who they would give testimony of the spirit of Medellín until the martyrdom or until a tragic death in fulfillment of its mission: Oscar Arnulfo Romero, Juan Gerardi Conedera, Gerardo Valencia Cano and Raúl Zambrano Camader. The meeting is described from the documentary review of the minutes and the few printed reports. The central thesis of the article is that the informal dialogue among bishops, theologians and other experts in the «Episcopal Reflection Month» is a source of novel proposals for a Joint Pastoral against clericalization and authoritarianism in the Latin American Church. Unfortunately, there is no similar subsequent meeting due to a controversy with the Roman Congregation for Bishops.
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- 2019
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11. Raúl Zambrano Camader obispo pobre para los pobres. A 50 años de Medellín
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Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
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Concilio Vaticano II ,Medellín ,Pobreza ,Promoción humana ,The Bible ,BS1-2970 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 ,Doctrinal Theology ,BT10-1480 - Abstract
Pobreza y promoción humana son dos énfasis del Magisterio universal y latinoamericano en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar esas dos temáticas en el ministerio episcopal de Raúl Zambrano Camader (1921-1972), padre conciliar y representante del espíritu de Medellín, a partir de la comparación de sus escritos con otros documentos del Magisterio universal y local. La tesis central de este artículo es la constatación en Latinoamérica de una Iglesia pobre para los pobres que debe revivir su espíritu si quiere ser fiel a su historia, a sus mártires y al pueblo que continúa siendo oprimido y explotado.
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- 2018
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12. El desarrollo del juego y su impacto en la familia (Ludum-Famulus)
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Xitlali Torres Aguilar, Iván Espinosa, Sergio Alejandro Ovalle Rodas, Rosemberg Mancilla Gómez, and José Francisco Mora Núñez
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En un mundo globalizado, el juego y la actividad física se han visto relegados hacia actividades no trascendentales en el quehacer diario. Las actividades de producción económica hoy tienen un papel más relevante que las actividades de ocio. Este escrito tuvo como objetivo fundamentar el juego y su impacto en las familias (relaciones lúdicas parentales); se describe el significado del juego, las relaciones lúdico-parentales y su importancia, generando lazos afectivos en las familias1. En conclusión, el juego como herramienta lúdica apoya a las relaciones parentales en cualquier contexto.
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- 2023
13. Raúl Zambrano Camader Obispo para los pobres. A 50 años de Medellín
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Dumar Iván Espinosa-Molina
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Concilio Vaticano II ,Medellín ,Pobreza ,Promoción humana ,The Bible ,BS1-2970 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 ,Doctrinal Theology ,BT10-1480 - Abstract
Pobreza y promoción humana son dos énfasis del Magisterio universal y latinoamericano en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar esas dos temáticas en el ministerio episcopal de Raúl Zambrano Camader (1921-1972), padre conciliar y representante del espíritu de Medellín, a partir de la comparación de sus escritos con otros documentos del Magisterio universal y local. La tesis central de este artículo es la constatación en Latinoamérica de una Iglesia pobre para los pobres que debe revivir su espíritu si quiere ser fiel a su historia, a sus mártires y al pueblo que continúa siendo oprimido y explotado.
- Published
- 2020
14. Francisco ¿el papa del fin de la era constantiniana?
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Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
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Eclesiología ,Papa Francisco ,Marie-Dominique Chenu ,Era constantiniana ,Cristiandad ,The Bible ,BS1-2970 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 ,Doctrinal Theology ,BT10-1480 - Abstract
La metáfora de la 'Era constantiniana' ilustra una forma de ser de la Iglesia en connubio con el Estado, en busca de privilegios y alejada de su misión. Dicha tergiversación de la eclesiología ha provocado en la historia la aparición de personajes que volviendo a las fuentes promueven nuevos evangelismos o períodos de renovación profunda. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido la constatación del evangelismo del papa Francisco a partir del análisis comparativo de pronunciamientos y documentos suyos, y del discurso titulado "El fin de la Era constantiniana", que Marie-Dominique Chenu escribió en 1961. El retorno al Evangelio, la urgencia de la misión (Iglesia en salida) y la atención especial por los pobres que distinguen el pontificado de Francisco, evidencian un nuevo evangelismo para la Iglesia como lo fueron en el pasado Francisco de Asís y Lutero, quienes dieron origen a nuevas cristiandades.
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- 2020
15. Francisco ¿El Papa del fin de la Era Constantiniana?
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Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
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Eclesiología ,Papa Francisco ,Marie-Dominique Chenu ,Era constantiniana ,Cristiandad ,The Bible ,BS1-2970 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 ,Doctrinal Theology ,BT10-1480 - Abstract
La metáfora de la ‘Era constantiniana’ ilustra una forma de ser de la Iglesia en connubio con el Estado, en busca de privilegios y alejada de su misión. Dicha tergiversación de la eclesiología ha provocado en la historia la aparición de personajes que volviendo a las fuentes promueven nuevos evangelismos o períodos de renovación profunda. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido la constatación del evangelismo del papa Francisco a partir del análisis comparativo de pronunciamientos y documentos suyos, y del discurso titulado “El fin de la Era constantiniana”, que Marie-Dominique Chenu escribió en 1961. El retorno al Evangelio, la urgencia de la misión (Iglesia en salida) y la atención especial por los pobres que distinguen el pontificado de Francisco, evidencian un nuevo evangelismo para la Iglesia como lo fueron en el pasado Francisco de Asís y Lutero, quienes dieron origen a nuevas cristiandades.
- Published
- 2018
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16. RAUL ZAMBRANO CAMADER OBISPO POBRE PARA LOS POBRES. A 50 ANOS DE MEDELLIN/RAUL ZAMBRANO CAMADER: A POOR BISHOP FOR THE POOR. 50 YEARS AFTER MEDELLIN/RAUL ZAMBRANO CAMADER BISP0 POBRE PARA OS POBRES. A 50 ANOS DE MEDELLIN
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Molina, Dumar Iván Espinosa
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- 2018
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17. Design, Construction and Calibration of a Step Gauge of Nests for Performance Evaluation of Laser Trackers
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Octavio Icasio Hernández and Iván Espinosa Nulutagua
- Abstract
According to documentary standards for the performance evaluation of laser trackers (LT), long length reference artifacts are required. In this paper, we discuss the design, construction, and calibration of a long length artifact called a step gauge of nests (SGN). The SGN has several nests in line in which to place the LT probe; the two extreme nests of the SGN are at a distance of 3 m, approximately. The documentary standards establishes that the gauge’s length shall be known no matter the orientations it takes. However, for long gauges, factors like gravitational force, fixturing forces, change in the environmental conditions, among others, deform the gauge, and its length changes when its orientation changes. To evaluate these factors, we use a finite element simulation of the SGN in the design stage to predict such deformations (mainly length variations between the two extreme nests). The simulation takes into account the used material, its stiffness, straightness, distribution of the nest’s weight, and geometry’s change of the SGN to reduce the variations in its length. For the construction stage, we describe how the SGN was manufactured and how using high module carbon fiber reduces the influence of the temperature factor. The results of the finite element simulation show a length variation of around 20 µm between the horizontal and vertical SGN positions. That variation was validated with the calibration results of two different methods. The first uses the line of sight (LOS) meth-od, which involves the same LT under evaluation. The second uses an accurate CMM, using the overlap method for calibration. The traceability of the LOS method is accomplished with the wavelength calibration of the LT interferometer while the overlap method uses a CMM evaluated with a laser interferometer with calibrated wavelength.
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- 2022
18. FRANCISCO ?EL PAPA DEL FIN DE LA ERA CONSTANTINIANA?/FRANCIS, THE POPE OF THE END OF THE CONSTANTINIAN AGE?/FRANCISCO, O PAPA DO FIM DA ERA CONSTANTINIANA?
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Molina, Dumar Iván Espinosa
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- 2017
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19. EDUCACIÓN Y CIUDADANÍA. CATECISMOS CÍVICOS EN NUEVO LEÓN Y COAHUILA DURANTE EL PORFIRIATO
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Martínez, Edgar Iván Espinosa
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- 2015
20. Correction: Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador.
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Carlos E Manchego, Patrick Hildebrandt, Jorge Cueva, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Bernd Stimm, and Sven Günter
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190092.].
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- 2018
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21. La cultura nacional desde las regiones en el siglo XIX. El caso de José Eleuterio González (1813-1888) en Nuevo León
- Author
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Édgar Iván Espinosa Martínez
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cultura nacional ,región ,siglo xix ,nuevo león ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
El presente artículo analiza la noción de cultura nacional a partir de la obra de un individuo radicado en Monterrey en el siglo xix. La pregunta que impulsa este trabajo es averiguar qué se hacía entonces desde las regiones para abonar a la construcción del Estado nacional desde el plano intelectual. Así, tomamos como muestra la labor de José Eleuterio González, personaje de múltiples facetas que se comprometió con el desarrollo de su entorno inmediato, fue partícipe en varios proyectos de alcance local y estuvo relacionado con algunas de las figuras más prominentes de su época. La investigación arroja luz sobre cómo incidió en aquella centuria lo realizado por estudiosos ubicados en varios lugares de la república sobre distintos temas para proyectos culturales de grandes miras y carácter nacional.
- Published
- 2015
22. Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador.
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Carlos E Manchego, Patrick Hildebrandt, Jorge Cueva, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Bernd Stimm, and Sven Günter
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Seasonally dry forests in the neotropics are heavily threatened by a combination of human disturbances and climate change; however, the severity of these threats is seldom contrasted. This study aims to quantify and compare the effects of deforestation and climate change on the natural spatial ranges of 17 characteristic tree species of southern Ecuador dry deciduous forests, which are heavily fragmented and support high levels of endemism as part of the Tumbesian ecoregion. We used 660 plant records to generate species distribution models and land-cover data to project species ranges for two time frames: a simulated deforestation scenario from 2008 to 2014 with native forest to anthropogenic land-use conversion, and an extreme climate change scenario (CCSM4.0, RCP 8.5) for 2050, which assumed zero change from human activities. To assess both potential threats, we compared the estimated annual rates of species loss (i.e., range shifts) affecting each species. Deforestation loss for all species averaged approximately 71 km2/year, while potential climate-attributed loss was almost 21 km2/year. Moreover, annual area loss rates due to deforestation were significantly higher than those attributed to climate-change (P < 0.01). However, projections into the future scenario show evidence of diverging displacement patterns, indicating the potential formation of novel ecosystems, which is consistent with other species assemblage predictions as result of climate change. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for management and conservation, prioritizing the most threatened species such as Albizia multiflora, Ceiba trichistandra, and Cochlospermum vitifolium.
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- 2017
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23. Desacuerdos, crisis y movimientos: miradas contemporáneas a las expresiones literarias y culturales latinoamericanas
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Sebastián Moreno Santacruz, Laura Andrea Barón, Ana María Botero Bermúdez, Carlos Andrés Cazares, Vivian Rocío Cubillos, Iván Espinosa Orozco, Harry Febres, Diana M. Gamboa, Gary Huertas, Juan Esteban Plaza, Gabriela Reyes González, Sebastián Saldarriaga Gutiérrez, Pedro Varguillas, Valentina Villarraga, and Jhoerson Yagmour
- Abstract
Desacuerdos, crisis y movimientos recorre caminos insospechados, resalta las relaciones temáticas y metodológicas más subrepticias, para descartar, así, las conexiones cartográficas usuales de las literaturas y culturas latinoamericanas que abundan en los compendios académicos tradicionales. En una búsqueda por dialogar con las discusiones actuales, los capítulos de este libro estudian la literatura de América Latina en relación con la memoria, la política, el cine o la música, sin dejar de lado la complejidad de la literatura infantil y juvenil desde la potencia de lo posible. Se trata, pues, de abrir las fronteras de los estudios literarios para fijarse en otros estatutos, formatos y dimensiones culturales. Esta colección de capítulos y entrevistas es el resultado de un trabajo colaborativo y autogestionado del Semillero de Investigación en Literatura Latinoamericana (Silat), de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, sede Central. Este libro se constituye, entonces, en un paso más en el desarrollo investigativo de sus integrantes y en el fortalecimiento de los lazos que entre ellos se han tejido en el campo de los estudios literarios.
- Published
- 2022
24. El 'descubrimiento' de México. Chihuahua en la crónica de George Ruxton
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Edgar Iván Espinosa Martínez and José Arturo Vargas Reyes
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Chihuahua ,siglo XIX ,George Ruxton ,Romanticismo ,México ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
El objeto de estudio es el libro Aventuras en México, crónica de George Ruxton. Escrita casi al mediar el siglo XIX, el texto nos revela la visión adusta de un inglés sobre México y los mexicanos de entonces. Si bien, varias generaciones de mexicanos (desde Fernández de Lizardi hasta Sierra) escribieron innumerables páginas sobre lo “nacional”, también hubo extranjeros que hicieron lo propio. En el caso que nos ocupa, a Ruxton lo impulsó una curiosidad por el carácter exótico con el que vio a nuestro país.
- Published
- 2016
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25. Influence of Anthropogenic Factors on the Diversity and Structure of a Dry Forest in the Central Part of the Tumbesian Region (Ecuador–Perú)
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Jorge Cueva Ortiz, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Carlos Quiroz Dahik, Zhofre Aguirre Mendoza, Eduardo Cueva Ortiz, Elizabeth Gusmán, Michael Weber, and Patrick Hildebrandt
- Subjects
Ecuador ,Perú ,dry forest ,Tumbesian region ,species richness ,diversity ,similarity ,goats ,human pressure ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
The dry forest of southern Ecuador and northern Perú (called the Tumbesian region) is known for its high diversity, endemism, and healthy conservation state. Nevertheless, the forest is exposed to many threats linked with human activities. To understand the effects of these threats, which have not been appropriately assessed, we pose two questions: (a) What are the diversity and structural situations of the forest? (b) Are anthropogenic activities affecting the composition and structure of the forest? The assessed factors were species richness, diversity, species similarity, abundance, and density. Forest information was obtained from 72 plots (total area 25.92 ha) randomly placed to cover a wide range of stand densities (from 200 to 1100 m a.s.l.). After constructing linear mixed models and selecting the most influential one, we determined the individual influences of 12 predictors. The human pressure index (HPI) was the most negative predictor of forest health, and annual precipitation was the most important abiotic predictor of good health conditions. Livestock grazing did not significantly change the diversity and structure of mature forest. The mean annual temperature and stoniness influenced only the basal area and number of individuals, respectively. The species composition in our study area was not affected by the HPI, but was strongly predicted by annual precipitation.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Contendiendo en la globalización. Los empresarios cafetaleros del Soconusco y la organización de las cadenas de producción locales y globales
- Author
-
Alessandro Bonanno, Manuel Iván Espinosa Gallegos, and Héctor B. Fletes Ocón
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Distribution (economics) ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Globalization ,Economy ,State (polity) ,Specialization (functional) ,Business ,Dissent ,Humanities ,Production chain ,media_common ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Desde fines del siglo XIX, los empresarios cafetaleros de la región Soconusco en Chiapas, con el apoyo del Estado, establecieron vínculos de producción, transformación y distribución del producto con importadores y torrefactores estadounidenses y europeos. El propósito del artículo es examinar las estrategias y alianzas establecidas por estos empresarios, principalmente desde la década de 1990 del siglo XX, para hacer frente a la reestructuración de la industria cafetalera y el ascenso de las empresas transnacionales en el contexto de la globalización. Entre esas estrategias se encuentra la diversificación de las actividades empresariales, la especialización en el negocio del café y la revalorización del territorio y el agroecosistema. En la investigación se emplearon principalmente métodos cualitativos para recuperar las experiencias y perspectivas de los principales agentes que participan en las cadenas de producción —empresarios finqueros del café, distribuidores, torrefactores—, miembros de organizaciones cafetaleras y de entidades públicas de la región y del estado. La principal conclusión es que los empresarios cafetaleros conformaron un grupo con diferentes grados de alianzas y disputas con actores transnacionales para consolidar diversas formas de inserción en la industria mundial del café; de tal forma que la globalización no implicó un control directo del flujo de recursos y procesos en la cadena del café.
- Published
- 2021
27. Crónica del mes de reflexion episcopal de Julio 1971 en Medellin/Chronicle of the month of episcopal reflection of july 1971 in Medellin
- Author
-
Molina, Dumar Iván Espinosa
- Published
- 2019
28. José Fernando Ramírez, historiador del siglo XIX
- Author
-
Edgar Iván Espinosa Martínez
- Abstract
El artículo presenta a un personaje de múltiples facetas y destacados talentos: José Fernando Ramírez (1804-1871). Nacido en Parral, Chihuahua, México a este abogado, político y escritor prolífico le tocó vivir -y por momentos ser copartícipe-, de algunas de las experiencias definitorias para México durante el siglo XIX. Como sucedió con integrantes de aquellas generaciones, dichos procesos lo marcarían para siempre y su obra -en particular la que desarrolló como historiador- nos sirve como objeto de estudio para sopesar su compromiso con el devenir nacional.
- Published
- 2022
29. Changes in climate, grazing pressure and nutrient inputs affect the structural integrity and functioning of Andean shrublands
- Author
-
Diego P. Vélez-Mora, Elizabeth Gusmán, Carlos Iván Espinosa, and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio
- Subjects
Ecology ,Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Changes in climate and the intensity of agriculture expansion can alter plant population dynamics and community composition and structure of dry shrublands. We tested how temperature and moisture along an elevation gradient, grazing, and nutrient addition in soil affected demographic attributes of Croton shrubs and the composition and structure of plant species in an inter-Andean dry shrubland. At three elevations, we installed grazing and exclusion plots, combined with four nutrient treatments: control, and addition of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) alone and in combination. We measured recruitment and survival of Croton seedlings, as well as survival, growth, fruiting of adult Croton and the composition and structure of neighbouring plants. Grazing exclusion improved adult survival of Croton at all three elevations. Grazing exclusion and addition of N and P increased adult growth of Croton at low and medium elevations. Croton seedling recruitment and survival decreased with distance to adult plants. The cover of Croton had a positive relationship with plant abundance and diversity. Temperature, moisture, grazing and nutrient addition can alter the demography and cover of Croton, as well as the composition and structure of its neighbouring plants threatening the functioning of the inter-Andean dry shrubland.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Aprovechamiento del material manipulativo para fortalecer el pensamiento matemático en aula multigrado
- Author
-
César Iván Espinosa and Lina Rocío Jiménez
- Abstract
Este artículo es el avance de una investigación que tuvo como objeto, describir cómo el uso continuo de material manipulativo en aula multigrado contribuye al fortalecimiento del pensamiento matemático en cuanto a conceptos relacionados con la estructura multiplicativa. Se siguió la metodología de Investigación Acción Educativa, desarrollándose en tres fases: en la primera fase, se abordó el diagnóstico, el cual partió del análisis de la realidad del contexto y la situación a resolver; en la segunda fase, son las acciones que permitieron mitigar las necesidades, desarrollando la propuesta en tres niveles: básicas, prácticas y de aplicación, usando el método de resolución de situaciones problema expuesto por George Pólya, también teniendo como soportes investigaciones y teorías relacionadas con el tema tratado, tales como las de Baraone (2005), Godino, Batanero y Font (2004), MEN (1996), Pérez y Ramírez (2011), Vergnaud (2001); la última fase fue la reflexión realizada a partir de los resultados arrojados de las acciones propuestas, este análisis se hizo con los docentes de la Institución Educativa en donde se llevó a cabo la intervención, resaltando la importancia de reevaluar continuamente las prácticas pedagógicas sobre estrategias implementadas con los educandos para proponer solución a situaciones problema. A manera de conclusión, se evidencia que tanto estudiantes como docentes requieren herramientas y estrategias claras que ayuden a potenciar las habilidades para desarrollar competencias en las Matemáticas.
- Published
- 2019
31. La pobreza de los recién llegados a Baja California
- Author
-
Jorge Iván Espinosa Godínez and Óscar Peláez Herreros
- Subjects
Estimation ,H1-99 ,education.field_of_study ,Poverty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,inmigrantes ,Social change ,Immigration ,Population ,Social Sciences ,General Medicine ,Fixed effects model ,bienestar ,Poor people ,Social sciences (General) ,Geography ,pobreza multidimensional ,diferencias interestatales ,Pooled data ,baja california ,education ,media_common ,Demography - Abstract
Objetivo: demostrar que la población que llegó en los últimos años a Baja California es más pobre que los residentes establecidos desde hace más tiempo, e investigar las causas y características del fenómeno. Metodología: se utilizan datos bienales de entre 2010 y 2018 del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social, se realizan contrastes de proporciones y se estiman modelos de regresión de datos agrupados y de efectos fijos. Resultados: se encontró que, contrario a lo que ocurre en los demás estados de México, en Baja California la proporción de pobres es mayor entre los residentes más recientes que entre los que llevan más tiempo en la entidad. El porcentaje de pobres, el número relativo de inmigrantes y su origen son factores explicativos de esta diferencia. Limitaciones: los datos proceden de las encuestas no necesariamente diseñadas para los fines de esta investigación. Además, no fue posible detectar todas las causas del fenómeno analizado. Valor: se cuantifica por primera vez la relación entre la pobreza y los inmigrantes que llegan a Baja California, y se aporta información sobre las causas y características de esta relación. Conclusiones: Baja California es el único estado del país en el que los recién llegados contribuyen de manera sistemática a elevar la pobreza.
- Published
- 2021
32. Educación y ciudadanía. Catecismos cívicos en Nuevo León y Coahuila durante el porfirato
- Author
-
Edgar Iván Espinosa Martínez
- Subjects
México ,ciudadanía ,niñez ,siglo XIX ,History America ,E-F ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
El artículo analiza dos catecismos cívicos publicados en Nuevo León y Coahuila en la década de 1880. El trabajo aclara qué impulsó la escritura y publicación de los textos. El planteamiento cobra relevancia si se toma en cuenta que para entonces el formato pregunta-respuesta ya había sido desplazado por estrategias consideradas más analíticas. Asimismo, la investigación arroja luz sobre dos proyectos estatales considerados estratégicos, desarrollados en una región del norte de la República, cuyo propósito era la educación de la niñez.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Correction: Deforestation and Forest Fragmentation in South Ecuador since the 1970s--Losing a Hotspot of Biodiversity.
- Author
-
María Fernanda Tapia-Armijos, Jürgen Homeier, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Christoph Leuschner, and Marcelino de la Cruz
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Deforestation and Forest Fragmentation in South Ecuador since the 1970s - Losing a Hotspot of Biodiversity.
- Author
-
María Fernanda Tapia-Armijos, Jürgen Homeier, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Christoph Leuschner, and Marcelino de la Cruz
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Deforestation and fragmentation are major components of global change; both are contributing to the rapid loss of tropical forest area with important implications for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity conservation. The forests of South Ecuador are a biological 'hotspot' due to their high diversity and endemism levels. We examined the deforestation and fragmentation patterns in this area of high conservation value using aerial photographs and Aster satellite scenes. The registered annual deforestation rates of 0.75% (1976-1989) and 2.86% (1989-2008) for two consecutive survey periods, the decreasing mean patch size and the increasing isolation of the forest fragments show that the area is under severe threat. Approximately 46% of South Ecuador's original forest cover had been converted by 2008 into pastures and other anthropogenic land cover types. We found that deforestation is more intense at lower elevations (premontane evergreen forest and shrubland) and that the deforestation front currently moves in upslope direction. Improved awareness of the spatial extent, dynamics and patterns of deforestation and forest fragmentation is urgently needed in biologically diverse areas like South Ecuador.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Predicting milk yield in Pelibuey ewes from the udder volume measurement with a simple method
- Author
-
Augusto Cesar Lizarazo Chaparro, Alfonso J. Chay-Canul, Gamaliel Antonio-Molina, Ricardo García-Herrera, Roger Iván Espinosa-Mendoza, Manuel González Ronquillo, Darwin Nicolas Arcos-Álvarez, Ricardo Vicente-Pérez, and Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences ,Milking ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Milk yield ,Mammary Glands, Animal ,Aluminium foil ,Volume measurement ,medicine ,Animals ,Lactation ,Udder ,Mathematics ,Reproducibility ,Sheep ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Concordance correlation coefficient ,Milk ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Food Science - Abstract
In this research communication we describe the creation of an equation for the prediction of milk yield (MY) from udder volume (UV). A total of 280 measurements were collected between 5 and 15 d postpartum (pp) from 36 multiparous Pelibuey ewes. Study variables were measured between 2 and 9 weeks pp and MY was measured by manual milking, UV prior to and following milking was measured using the technique of making moulds from aluminium foil. The MY ranged from 0.09 to 0.83 kg/d, meanwhile UV prior and following milking ranged from 155 to 1940 and 90 to 1520 cm3, respectively. Measurements of UV had a moderate to high (P < 0.01; 0.58 ≤ r ≤ 0.78) correlation with MY. The UV prior to milking was the best prediction model for MY, which explained 62% of the variation in MY. This equation presented moderate precision (r2 = 0.61) and high accuracy (bias correction factor = 0.94), confirming a good reproducibility index (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.73). Modelling efficiency (MEF = 0.59) showed moderate concordance between observed and predicted values. In conclusion, MY in lactating Pelibuey ewes could be predicted in a moderate way using the predictor variable UV measured with the technique of moulds made with aluminium foil.
- Published
- 2020
36. Termite diversity in Ecuador: A comparison of two primary forest national parks
- Author
-
Cynthia S Valladares Romero, Cecilia A. L. Dahlsjö, and Carlos-Iván Espinosa Iñiguez
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Podocarpus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Parks, Recreational ,Bray–Curtis dissimilarity ,Isoptera ,Forests ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,Ecosystem engineer ,diversity ,Abundance (ecology) ,Animals ,species richness ,Research Articles ,media_common ,geography ,abundance ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Biodiversity ,Feeding Behavior ,biology.organism_classification ,Old-growth forest ,Belt transect ,Insect Science ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Species richness ,Ecuador ,termite - Abstract
Termites are one of the key ecosystem engineers in tropical forests where they play a major role in decomposition rates, both above and belowground. The interest in termite ecology and biogeography has increased in the last few decades; however, the lack of comparable data has limited the wider impact of termite research. For Ecuador, termite studies are relatively rare and comparable data that are collected using standardized sampling methods are missing. In this study, we aim to 1) provide comparable data of termite species and feeding-group diversity from two primary forests in Ecuador and 2) explore the differences in termite species and feeding-group diversity between the two forest sites. Sampling took place in the national parks of Yasuní and Podocarpus where three belt transects (100 × 2 m) following Jones and Eggleton (2000) were conducted in each forest. We found that termite species richness was higher in Yasuní (56 species) than in Podocarpus (24 species) and that 57% of the sampled termite genera had never previously been recorded in Ecuador. The inter-site species dissimilarity was almost complete (Bray Curtis (±SD), 0.91 ± 0.01), which may have been linked to the difference in tree density and species richness in the two forests. Termite feeding-groups diversity was significantly higher in Yasuní than in Podocarpus with the exception of soil-feeding termites which may have been due to competition between humus- and soil-feeding species.
- Published
- 2020
37. 'Públicos ladrones' en la Gobernación de Popayán, 1771 – 1810
- Author
-
Amanda Caicedo and Iván Espinosa
- Subjects
Mundo Colonial ,Juicios Criminales - Abstract
Este artículo que hace parte del enfoque de la "historia desde abajo", tiene entre sus fines no mostrar como tal los factores que incidieron en el aumento de la criminalidad en la Gobernación de Popayán; sino más bien reflejar la percepción que tenía la comunidad respecto a los sujetos que cometian actos delictivos; manifestada en los juicios dados por acusadores y la respectiva justificación de los acusados.
- Published
- 2018
38. LA ABOLICIÓN DE LA ESCLAVITUD
- Author
-
Iván Espinosa
- Published
- 2019
39. Patrones de crecimiento de Cinchona officinalis in vitro y ex vitro; respuestas de plántulas micropropagadas y de semillas
- Author
-
Gabriel Ríos and Carlos Iván Espinosa
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,biology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Micropropagation ,Seedling ,Axillary bud ,Shoot ,Cinchona officinalis ,Reproduction ,education ,Ex vivo ,media_common - Abstract
El uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como la micropropagación se constituye en una alternativa de reproducción de especies amenazadas y con tamaños poblacionales reducidos. Sin embargo, uno de los problemas críticos en el uso de la micropropagación como herramienta de reproducción es la calidad de las plántulas resultantes en cuanto a su crecimiento y vigor. En el presente trabajo se evalua los efectos de la micropropagación sobre los patrones de crecimiento y sobrevivencia de plántulas in vitro de Cinchona officinalis L., una especie que ha sido fuertemente impactada por procesos de tala dentro de bosques naturales durante la época de la colonia. Se realizó un monitoreo de un total de 120 plántulas in vitro y 1988 plántulas ex vitro por 8 meses a partir del último repique. Adicionalmente, en cada plántula se contabilizó la cantidad de brotes axilares. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un efecto remanente de los procesos de micropropagación, los cuales inicialmente inciden en la cantidad de brotes de las plántulas y en el crecimiento; sin embargo, este efecto no influye de forma negativa en la sobrevivencia de las plántulas durante la fase ex vitro
- Published
- 2017
40. Construcción social del concepto de derivada de una función en un punto: una mirada socioepistemológica
- Author
-
César Iván Espinosa Romero and César Espinosa Cantor
- Subjects
Community and Home Care - Abstract
Se describe y analiza la construccion del concepto de derivada de una funcion en un punto (equivalente al de velocidad instantanea) por parte de un grupo de estudiantes, en el curso de una investigacion, la cual tiene como objetivo caracterizar el proceso de construccion social y contextual de conocimiento relativo al concepto mencionado, destacando las practicas socialmente compartidas de acuerdo con la Socioepistemologia (SE) y las interacciones en el aula de clase. La investigacion se fundamenta en dicha teoria, la cual critica el discurso Matematico Escolar del calculo y considera que el conocimiento emerge de practicas sociales situadas. Las metodologias utilizadas fueron el esquema metodologico socioepistemologico y el analisis de contenido. La investigacion se justifica en que el discurso Matematico Escolar no constituye una base propicia para el aprendizaje del calculo. Los resultados hasta ahora alcanzados permiten concluir que algunas practicas socialmente compartidas posibilitan dicha construccion de conocimiento. Se enuncia, describe y analiza dicha construccion.
- Published
- 2016
41. Natural Regeneration in the Tumbesian Dry Forest: Identification of the Drivers Affecting Abundance and Diversity
- Author
-
Jorge Cueva-Ortiz, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Zhofre Aguirre-Mendoza, Elizabeth Gusmán-Montalván, Michael Weber, and Patrick Hildebrandt
- Subjects
lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Forestry ,Biodiversity ,Forest ecology ,lcsh:Science ,Article - Abstract
Tropical and subtropical dry forests make up the world’s largest terrestrial ecosystem. However, these forests have been used to establish several productive activities, such as growing crops, rearing livestock, and using the forest resources, due to their ease of access and climatic conditions, which has led to this ecosystem becoming highly threatened. Therefore, this research assessed the effects of anthropogenic pressures and a number of abiotic variables on natural regeneration in dry forests in the Tumbesian region by addressing three research questions: (a) What is the status of natural regeneration in terms of abundance and diversity? (b) Does livestock grazing and the anthropogenic pressure affect the abundance and diversity of natural regeneration? (c) Does seasonality or grazing have the greatest influence on the regeneration dynamics? Data were obtained from 72 samples (36 fenced and 36 unfenced) during five surveys spanning a 2-year period, and the seedling abundance, mortality, recruitment, species richness and diversity were evaluated using linear mixed models. Natural regeneration was most positively affected by rainy season precipitation, but soil conditions also played an important role. Short-term fences had a major effect on reducing mortality but did not improve the abundance or diversity, whereas cattle grazing significantly affected the abundance of seedlings.
- Published
- 2019
42. Pobreza y reforma en Marie-Dominique Chenu
- Author
-
Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
- Subjects
Poverty ,Political science ,Religious studies ,Subject (philosophy) ,Context (language use) ,Theology ,Christianity - Abstract
The concept “poor Church for the poor”, proposed by Pope Francis in keeping with the spirit of Vatican II, places poverty at the center of the current theological debate as a path to reform the established Church. In this context, the objective of the research is to broaden the horizon of reflection by reviewing the relationship between poverty and reform in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, based on the analysis of various writings that Marie-Dominique Chenu (1895-1990) dedicates to this subject. His research takes on new topicality as it demonstrates the connection between poverty and reform in medieval Christianity and in that of all times.
- Published
- 2019
43. En busca de un método. La escritura de la historia en México, 1853-1889
- Author
-
Edgar Iván Espinosa Martínez
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
El artículo muestra la forma en la cual se desarrolló una nueva forma de apropiación y de representación del pasado en México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Para ello, se presenta el ámbito cultural y político que privó en el país durante dicho lapso; así, se pone énfasis en las tendencias y corrientes de pensamiento (en particular el romanticismo y el cientificismo) que influyeron en la escritura de la historia propuesta por más conspicuos hombres públicos de la época. Ello constituyó la plataforma para el estudio del pasado con un carácter nacional (representar a los mexicanos), espíritu liberal (guía de un Estado rector) y aspiración científica (historia lineal y documentalista).
- Published
- 2018
44. Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru.
- Author
-
Armijos-Ojeda, Diego, Székely, Diana, Székely, Paul, Cogălniceanu, Dan, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Ordóñez-Delgado, Leonardo, Escudero, Adrián, and Iván Espinosa, Carlos
- Subjects
AMPHIBIANS ,ONLINE databases ,TROPICAL dry forests ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,BODY size ,VIRTUAL museums - Abstract
Seasonally dry forests (SDFs) are one of the most challenging ecosystems for amphibians, fueling the diversity of this group of vertebrates. An updated inventory of native amphibians present in the Equatorial SDF is provided, which extends along the Pacific coast of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The study is based on an extensive field sampling (two thirds of the total records) carried out throughout the Equatorial SDF, along with a compilation of the available information on distribution of amphibians in the region from published scientific papers, museum collections and on-line databases. The final dataset included 2,032 occurrence records for 30 amphibian species, belonging to eight anuran families. Additionally, data regarding conservation status, habitat use, spawn deposition site, reproductive mode, and body size, along with an identification key for all encountered species are provided. The results indicate a strong sampling bias with a deficit in the Peruvian part of the study area, and a need for urgent inventories targeted at under-sampled areas, using modern taxonomic methods. The study emphasizes the conservation priorities in the Equatorial SDF, based on the distribution, conservation status and life-history data. This information should be useful for the local authorities and institutions involved in the management and conservation of biodiversity in SDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Arenillas Ecological Reserve; A refuge of biodiversity or an island of extinction?
- Author
-
Carlos Iván Espinosa, Andrea Jara-Guerrero, Rodrigo Cisneros, Juan Diego Sotomayor, and Gema Escribano-Ávila
- Subjects
Mesopredator release hypothesis ,Geography ,Ecology ,Defaunation ,Dry forest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2016
46. Agricultura sostenible en un bosque húmedo tropical. El caso de los emberá de Chajeradó, atrato medio antioqueño
- Author
-
Diego Herrera Sandra Turbay, Marcela Duque Iván Espinosa Aida Gálvez, primary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Trabajo e historicidad en la teología de Marie Dominique Chenu
- Author
-
Dumar Iván Espinosa Molina
- Subjects
Industrial society ,Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Incarnation ,Religious studies ,Gospel ,Theology ,Historicity (philosophy) ,Element (criminal law) ,Christianity ,media_common - Abstract
La historia, elemento fundamental del cristianismo por la dinámica misma de la encarnación, fue relegada a un segundo plano por la teología abstracta de la neoescolástica. Contrariamente a tal teología, el padre Marie- Dominique Chenu, O. P. (1895-1990) atiende al dato revelado y al nuevo contexto social en la predicación del Evangelio. Su teología crece en la tradición de la Iglesia al tiempo que es consciente de las problemáticas que aquejan a la sociedad industrializada. El artículo propone el concepto de “función concienciadora de la historicidad en la teología” como clave interpretativa de las investigaciones medievales y contemporáneas de Chenu
- Published
- 2017
48. Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador
- Author
-
Carlos E. Manchego, Patrick Hildebrandt, Jorge Cueva, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Bernd Stimm, and Sven Günter
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,ddc:630 ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,ddc - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190092.].
- Published
- 2016
49. Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests.
- Author
-
Barczyk, Maciej K., Acosta‐Rojas, Diana Carolina, Iván Espinosa, Carlos, Homeier, Jürgen, Tinoco, Boris A., Velescu, Andre, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Schleuning, Matthias, and Neuschulz, Eike Lena
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN forests , *TROPICAL forests , *ALTITUDES , *PLANT life cycles , *COMPOSITION of leaves , *SEEDS - Abstract
The composition of plant functional traits varies in response to environmental conditions due to processes of community assembly and species sorting. However, there is a lack of understanding of how plant trait composition responds to environmental conditions at different spatial scales and across the plant life cycle. We investigated the trait composition of leaves (specific leaf area), seeds (seed mass) and seedlings (initial seedling height) across elevations and within elevations in relation to soil and light conditions in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We surveyed traits and communities of adult trees, seeds and seedlings on nine plots at three elevations (1000–3000 m a.s.l.) and calculated community‐weighted mean trait values to analyse trait variation across and within elevations. In addition, we measured two environmental factors (soil C/N ratio and canopy openness) to quantify local‐scale variation in environmental conditions within elevations. We found that community‐weighted means of specific leaf area, seed mass and initial seedling height decreased consistently with increasing elevation. Within elevations, mean trait values of trees, seeds and seedlings responded differently to local‐scale environmental conditions. Specific leaf area decreased with increasing soil C/N ratio, and initial seedling height decreased with increasing canopy openness. Seed mass was associated neither with soil nor with light conditions. Our findings show that broad‐scale and local‐scale processes differently shape the composition of leaf, seed and seedling traits in tropical forests, indicating a scale‐dependence in trait–environment associations. Furthermore, plant traits corresponding to different life stages were related differently to environmental conditions within elevations. Community assembly processes may therefore lead to differences in species sorting at early and late plant life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Biodiversity patterns and ecological processes in Neotropical dry forest: the need to connect research and management for long-term conservation
- Author
-
Escribano-Avila, Gema, primary, Cervera, Laura, additional, Ordóñez-Delgado, Leonardo, additional, Jara-Guerrero, Andrea, additional, Amador, Luis, additional, Paladines, Bruno, additional, Briceño, Joahana, additional, Parés-Jiménez, Violeta, additional, Lizcano, Diego J., additional, Duncan, David H., additional, and Iván Espinosa, Carlos, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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