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Exercise is an important strategy in the management of diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exercise acts, at least in part, by inducing the production of myokines that improve metabolic control and activate brown/beige adipose tissue depots. Combined training (CT) is recommended by the major diabetes guidelines due to its metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, however, its impact on brown/beige adipose tissue activities has never been tested in humans with overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we evaluated the effects of 16-week combined training (CT) program on brown adipose tissue activity; browning and autophagy markers, and serum pro-thermogenic/inflammatory inducers in patients with overweight and T2D.Thirty-four patients with overweight and T2D were assigned to either a control group (CG) or a combined training group (CTG) in a randomized and controlled study. Functional/fitness parameters, anthropometry/body composition parameters, blood hormone/biochemical parameters, thermogenic/autophagic gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were evaluated before and at the end of the intervention. In addition, cold-induced 18-Fluoroxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography (18CT increased cervical/supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity (p = 0.03) as well as in perirenal adipose tissue (p = 0.02). In addition, CT increased the expression of genes related to thermogenic profile (TMEM26: + 95%, p = 0.04; and EPSTI1: + 26%, p = 0.03) and decreased autophagic genes (ULK1: -15%, p = 0.04; LC3: -5%, p = 0.02; and ATG4: -22%, p 0.001) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. There were positive correlations between Δ% BAT activity with Δ% of post training energy expenditure cold exposure, HDL-c, IL4, adiponectin, irisin, meteorin-like, and TMEM26 and ZIC1 genes, besides negative correlations with LDL-c, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein.This is the first evidence of the beneficial actions of CT on adipose tissue thermogenic activity in humans, and it adds important support for the recommendation of CT as a strategy in the management of diabetes.

BACKGROUND: High visceral fat storage unbalance secretion inflammatory peptides, however diet plays an important role-protecting metabolism against chronic diseases inherent to this condition. OBJECTIVE: To assess obese diet quality and find association with inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: aMED, a Food Quality Index, classified the inflammatory power of 26 obese men’s diet (aged: 48.1±5.1; BMI: 31.1±2.45). Pearson correlation coefficient associated diet quality in tertiles (1st as low, 2nd as average and 3 rd as high quality diet) with inflammatory variables (cytokines and waist circumference). RESULTS: The intake of anti-inflammatory food groups was significantly higher among tertiles (3rd > 2nd > 1st; P

In patients with diabetes, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reduce albuminuria and the progression of renal disease. However, the molecular mechanism by which physical exercise protects the kidney in diabetes remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of muscle irisin secretion induced by aerobic physical exercise with the subsequent activation of AMPK for kidney protection under diabetic conditions. Aerobic physical exercise in rats protected the kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. It reduced albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and glomerular expression of collagen IV and fibronectin, as well as markers of kidney inflammation, when compared to sedentary diabetic rats. These effects were associated with elevation in muscle FNDC5/irisin and activity of AMPK in the diabetic kidney. However, the beneficial effects of exercise were lost when the diabetic rats were treated with CycloRGDyK, that in the bone it has been described as an irisin receptor blocker. In cultured human tubular (HK-2) cells, treatment with recombinant irisin counteracted the effect of high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Irisin, per se, also activated AMPK in HK-2 cells. It is concluded that in diabetes, the renal protective effect of exercise may be mediated by the irisin/AMPK pathway.

This study evaluated plasma levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), irisin, and lactate in people living with HIV/AIDS who completed a combined physical training program. Nineteen HIV(+) participants (age: 39.60 ± 10.96 years; carrier time: 7.75 ± 7.88 years; time of ART: 6.41 ± 5.93 years) performed strength/aerobic training (combined physical training) in the same session for 8 weeks and levels of BDNF, irisin, and lactate were assessed. BDNF (pg/mL) was higher post-CPT (Pre: 1258.73 ± 372.30; Post: 1504.17 ± 322.30; p < 0.001). Irisin (ng/mL) showed no change (Pre: 115.61 ± 72.41; Post: 125.87 ± 81.14; p = 0.973). There was positive correlation between irisin and lactate (mmol/L) pre (r = 0.55, p = 0.04), and lactate values were higher in the group with the highest value of irisin (3.65 ± 0.69 × 2.82 ± 0.59, p = 0.02). Combined physical training results in increased basal BDNF in people living with HIV/AIDS, this finding suggests that increased concentration of BDNF may be associated with decreased chances of developing cognitive disorders or HIV-associated dementia. Further studies involving molecular mechanisms on this subject are necessary.

Background: Inflammation is the most relevant mechanism linking obesity with insulin-resistance and metabolic disease. It impacts the structure and function of tissues and organs involved in metabolism, such as the liver, pancreatic islets and the hypothalamus. Brown adipose tissue has emerged as an important component of whole body energy homeostasis, controlling caloric expenditure through the regulation of non-shivering thermogenesis. However, little is known about the impact of systemic inflammation on the structure and function of brown adipose tissue. Methods: The relations between IL10 and mitochondria structure/function and also with thermogenesis were evaluated by bioinformatics using human and rodent data. Real-time PCR, immunoblot, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the effect of IL10 in the brown adipose tissue of wild type and IL10 knockout mice. Findings: IL10 knockout mice, a model of systemic inflammation, present severe structural abnormalities of brown adipose tissue mitochondria, which are round-shaped with loss of cristae structure and increased fragmentation. IL10 deficiency leads to newborn cold intolerance and impaired UCP1-dependent brown adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration. The reduction of systemic inflammation with an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody partially rescued the structural but not the functional abnormalities of brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Using bioinformatics analyses we show that in both humans and mice, IL10 transcripts correlate with mitochondrial lipid metabolism and caspase gene expression. Interpretation: IL10 and systemic inflammation play a central role in the regulation of brown adipose tissue by controlling mitochondrial structure and function. Fund: Sao Paulo Research Foundation grant 2013/07607-8. Keywords: Interleukin-10, Inflammation, Thermogenesis, Mitochondria, Respiration, Obesity

The present study was designed to compare the body composition and indicators of chronic inflammatory grade, such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in irregularly active and active SCI subjects. Thirty-two male subjects participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: able-bodied control irregularly active (control, n = 11 ), irregularly active with SCI (SCI-IA, n = 8 ), and physically active with SCI (SCI-PA, n = 13 ). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. All volunteers performed the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, 24 h total energy expenditure (TEE), and body composition by skinfold thicknesses. Leptin concentrations were higher in the SCI-IA group when compared to the other groups, while no significant differences were found between the SCI-PA and control cohorts. In addition, no significant differences were found among groups for serum adiponectin and resistin concentrations either. The SCI-PA group showed significantly higher values for TEE and VO2max when compared to the other groups. Percentages of body fat and circumference were decreased in the control and SCI-PA groups when compared to the SCI-IA cohort. Associations between leptin and cardiorespiratory capacity and anthropometric markers were also observed. Our findings highlight that the lack of physical activity in the SCI subjects leads to poor general physical fitness and higher levels of body adiposity, which may induce hyperleptinemia, an essential marker for cardiometabolic disorders.

Exercise training and a healthy diet are the main non-pharmacological strategies for treating chronic conditions, such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR), in adolescents. However, the isolated metabolic changes caused by exercise training without dietary intervention have not yet been established. We investigated how combined training (CT) without dietary intervention altered the concentrations of serum metabolites, biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in overweight and obese adolescents. Thirty-seven adolescents (14.6 ± 1.05 years), of both sexes, were randomly assigned to the control group (CG, n = 19) or the training group (TG, n = 18). The CT was composed by resistance training and aerobic training performed in the same session (~ 60 min), three times a week, for 12 weeks. All assessments were performed pre and post-intervention. Metabolomics analyses were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) in a 600 MHz spectrometer. There was a decrease in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), % body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR), by HOMA-IR, in the TG. An increase in fat-free mass (FFM) was also observed in the CG. The metabolic changes were given mainly by changes in the levels of metabolites 2-oxoisocaproate (↓TG), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (↑CG and ↓TG), glucose (↓TG), glutamine (↓CG and ↑TG) and pyruvate (↓TG). These findings demonstrate the positive effects of CT program without dietary intervention on metabolomic profile, body composition, biochemical markers, and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese adolescents.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a mudanca na composicao corporal, consumo maximo de oxigenio, forca maxima e metabolismo glicemico em pessoas de meia idade,apos periodo de treinamento. Os voluntarios foram dividos em tres grupos, grupo eutrofico (GE), grupo obeso (GO) e grupo obeso diabetico tipo 2 (GOD). Foram realizadas 16 semanas de treinamento combinado (TC), sendo TF (treinamento de forca) e TA (treinamento aerobio) realizados na mesma sessao. Houve mudancas positivas em todos os parâmetros analisados, confirmando o TC como tratamento nao farmacologico.

The objective of the present study was to verify the energy expenditure (EE), energy system contributions and autonomic control during and after an acute low-load or high-load resistance training (RT) protocol to momentary failure (MF) in young adults. Eleven young men (22 ± 3 yrs, 71.8 ± 7.7 kg; 1.75 ± 0.06 m) underwent a randomized crossover design of three knee extension acute protocols: a low-load RT [30% of their maximal strength (1RM); RT30] or a high-load RT (80% of 1RM; RT80) protocol, with all sets being performed to MF; or a control session (Control) without exercise. Participants were measured for EE, energy system contributions, and cardiac autonomic control before, during, and after each exercise session. Exercise EE was significantly higher for RT30 as compared to RT80. Furthermore, post measurements of blood lactate levels and the anaerobic lactic system contribution were significantly greater for RT30 as compared to RT80. In addition, parasympathetic restoration was lower for RT30 as compared to RT80. In conclusion, a low-load (30% 1RM) RT session produced higher EE during exercise than a high-load (80% 1RM) RT session to MF, and may be a good option for fitness professionals, exercise physiologists, and practitioners when choosing the optimal RT protocol that provides more EE, especially for those who want or need to lose weight.

A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de alta incidência na atualidade. O treinamento aeróbio e de força são efetivos para melhora do controle metabólico e da composição corporal de forma distinta, sendo que a junção destes, conhecido como Treinamento combinado (TC), é recomendado para o tratamento da DM2, visto que une os benefícios fornecidos por ambos os tipos de treinamento. Com isso, o presente estudo avaliou as respostas de 16 semanas de TC sobre variáveis antropométricas, de composição corporal, concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, insulina e do Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA) em sujeitos com DM2 e excesso de peso. O TC proposto foi efetivo em melhorar a composição corporal e o controle glicemico.

A síndrome metabólica (SM) é um conjunto de fatores de risco para diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares, de origem multifatorial. O exercício físico é o método não-farmacológico mais utilizado no tratamento dessa comorbidade, além de causar alterações na homeostase metabólica. Essas alterações podem ser identificadas e quantificadas através da metabolômica, a qual reproduz o estado patofisiológico do organismo. Portanto, o objetivo desde estudo é associar as alterações metabólicas de indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2 após treinamento combinado, com as mudanças nos fatores de risco da síndrome metabólica. Foram observadas diferenças significativas em circunferência de cintura, pressão arterial sistólica, triglicerídeos e glicemia, nos indivíduos treinados em relação ao grupo controle, reduzindo os fatores de risco característicos da SM.

AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training (CT) on total ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in obese middle-aged individuals. METHODS Twenty two obese middle-aged men (49.32 ± 5.74 years; Body mass index: 30.88 ± 1.64 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to a combined training group (CTG, n = 12) or a control group (CG, n = 10). The CT consisted of aerobic (50-85% of VO2peak) and resistance (6-10 RM) training performed three times per week, 60 min per session for 24 weeks. The anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory test (VO2peak), maximal strength assessment (1RM) and plasma concentrations of total ghrelin and TNF-α were determined before (Pre) and after 24 weeks (Post) of the experimental period. RESULTS Decreases were found in body fat percentage (Δ% -19.8) and waist circumference (Δ% -2.8) for CTG at the Post moment as compared to the Pre moment. In addition, the CTG demonstrated increases for VO2peak (Δ% 13.4) and for 1-RM of bench press (Δ% 78.1), leg press (Δ% 22.3) and arm curl (Δ% 19.3) at the Post moment as compared to the Pre moment. However, total ghrelin levels remained unchanged for CTG and CG after the experimental period, while TNF-α levels increased for CG (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION the CT protocol performed was not effective in repairing total ghrelin levels and was not correlated with changes in the TNF-α; however, the exercise training was able to improve body composition and functional capabilities and contained the worsening of systemic inflammation associated to obesity.

Aims: This article is a methodological description of a randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov U1111-1181-4455) aiming to evaluate the time-course (monthly) and associations between blood pressure changes and other health-related adaptations in response to exercise training in hypertensive elderly. Methods: The patients will be randomized to a control or combined training group interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise), with monthly assessments in four months. Although, the changes in baseline blood pressure is the primary clinical outcome, the secondary outcomes include: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, arterial stiffness, baroreceptor sensitivity, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, growth factors, tissue remodeling markers, metabolic profile, renal function, cognitive function and quality of life. Results: To support the understanding of the blood pressure changes in hypertensive elderly, a time-course of exercise-induced adaptations including cardiovascular and immunological adaptations are fundamental for research in this field. Conclusion: To investigate the time-course of combined training-induced adaptations including all the diverse aspects of health in hypertensive elderly a well-controlled protocol design is necessary, mainly to clarify the relationship between cardiovascular and immunological exercise-induced adaptations.

AB Purpose: We investigated the effects of 24 wk of combined training on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers associated with obesity in obese middle-age men. Methods: Thirty obese men (48.73 +/- 1.04 yr; body mass index, 31.00 +/- 0.29 kg[middle dot]m-2) underwent 24 wk of combined training [CT (N = 17), aerobic (50%-85% of V[spacing dot above]O2peak) and resistance (6-10 maximum repetition [RM]) training)] three times per week, 60 min per session, or a control group (N = 13). Anthropometric measures, maximal strength for leg press and bench press, peak oxygen uptake (V[spacing dot above]O2peak) and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor [alpha] (TNF-[alpha]), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-15, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined before (M1) and after 8 (M2), 16 (M3), and 24 (M4) wk of the experimental design. Results: Significant increases were observed in the maximal strength for bench press and leg press, V[spacing dot above]O2peak, and serum concentrations of adiponectin and IL-15 for CT. Concomitantly, significant decreases were observed in percentage body fat and serum concentrations of CRP, resistin, and leptin for CT after the experimental period. Conclusion: Twenty-four weeks of moderate- to high-intensity CT reduced markers of subclinical inflammation associated with obesity and improved insulin resistance and functional capabilities of obese middle-age men, regardless of dietary intervention and weight loss. (

Obesity is associated with comorbidities related to metabolic disorders due to excess of adipose tissue. Physical exercise has a major role in the prevention of obesity. Combined training (CT), in particular, has been shown to improve markers of health. In this study, we used 1H NMR-based metabolomics to investigate changes in the metabolism of obese men after 24 weeks of CT. Twenty-two obese (body mass index 31 ± 1.4 kg/m2), middle-aged men (48.2 ± 6.1 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 11) or CT group (n = 11). The CT was performed three times a week (resistance and aerobic training) for 24 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after experimental period. There was an improvement in body composition and physical fitness indices after CT training. Multivariate PCA and PLS-DA models showed a distinct separation between groups. Twenty metabolites with importance for projection (VIP) >1.0 were identified, and four were classified as best discriminators (tyrosine, 2-oxoisocapro...

The effects of training on FNDC5/irisin and its association with fitness and metabolic marker improvements induced by training have been poorly investigated in humans. Thus, the present study assessed the effects of combined training (CT) on FNDC5/irisin levels, metabolic markers and fitness adaptations in obese men. Middle-age obese men (age 49.13 ± 5.75, body mass index (BMI) 30.86 ± 1.63) were randomly distributed in the CT group (n = 12) and control group (CG n = 10). The CT consisted of strength followed by aerobic training, 3 times/week, for 24 weeks. Body composition, physical fitness, plasma FNDC5/irisin, biochemical markers and metabolic scores/index were evaluated. CT maintained FNDC5/irisin levels (µg/mL) (pre: 4.15 ± 0.32, post: 4.21 ± 0.32; p = .96) and improved body composition, metabolic and physical fitness markers. In the CG, decreased FNDC5/irisin (µg/mL) (pre: 4.36 ± 0.23, post: 3.57 ± 0.94; p = .01) and reduced strength (supine exercise/kg) (pre: 71 ± 14.7, post: 60.1 ± 14.05; p .01) were observed, along with a trend to increase HOMA-IR (pre: 2.63 ± 1.11, post: 3.14 ± 1.27; p = .07) and other indicators of metabolic deterioration. An inverse correlation was found between the change (Δ%) in levels of FNDC5/irisin and Δ% glucose, Δ% total cholesterol, Δ% triglycerides and Δ% waist circumference, in addition to a positive relation with Δ% muscle strength. In conclusion, CT maintained FNDC5/irisin levels and provided metabolic and fitness benefits. The correlation between FNDC5/irisin changes and metabolic parameters, as well as the FNDC5/irisin reduction associated with fitness and metabolic worsening in the CG, suggests a relationship between FNDC5/irisin and a healthy metabolic status in humans.

Objetivo: apresentar os possíveis mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na regulação metabólica pelo tecido adiposo conforme sua particularidade celular. Métodos: para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, utilizando a base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed) considerando publicações a partir de 2007. Resultados e Discussão:como resultado da revisão de literatura foram identificados quatro abordagens principais que tratam da influência dos diferentes depósitos de gordura no estado metabólico: 1- Características Fisiológicas dos Adipócitos; 2- Teoria Portal; 3- Hipótese da Expansão do Adipócito; 4- Relação da Expansão do Adipócito com a Inflamação e Fatores Adversos. Conclusão: nesse sentido, as evidências têm apontado que a distribuição da gordura corporal associada as caracteristícas moleculares, função e localização específicas dos diferentes tipos de adipócitos podem ser mais determinantes que a quantidade total de gordura corporal, no que diz respeito ao estabelecimento de um perfil metabólico mais saudável.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of a multidisciplinary program consisting of indoor cycling on anthropometric and functional parameters of overweight adolescents, as well as the heart rate behavior of these individuals during the practice of this modality. Material and Methods: A total of 34 overweight and obese adolescents of both sexes aged between 11 and 16 years (13.20  1.7) participated in this study. In the beginning of the treatment and 3 and 6 months after that, the following elements were measured: weight (kg), height (cm) and direct peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in maximum exercise test in a cycloergometer; then, body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Indoor cycling (IC) sessions had progressive intensity and happened 3 times a week, lasting 50 minutes. Results: In the first three months, the resting HR decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in both boys (819 to 728 bpm) and girls (8111 to 749 bpm). However, BMI decreased only in boys (7.71.7 to 25.51.9 kg/m2, p less than 0.05). The boys increased their VO2peak, corrected for body mass, (32.76.6 to 36.96.1 kg.ml-1.min-1, p less than 0.05) from the 3rd to the 6th month. Conclusion: Indoor cycling has represented an alternative of physical exercise without sustaining body weight, contributing to the decrease of BMI and increase of VO2peak, mainly in boys. DESCRIPTORS Bicycling. Obesity. Exercise.

Orientador: Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física Resumo: Introdução: A Irisina é um peptídeo que estimula a termogênese e a lipólise pelo browning do tecido adiposo branco e parece ter relação com homeostase metabólica. O exercício físico é tido como o seu principal estimulador, porém não são claros os protocolos que melhor promovem este efeito, ainda mais quando agregado as atividades que trabalhem a força muscular e a aptidão aeróbia, fatores esses recomendados para a manutenção e melhora da saúde. Embora em estudos com animais e in-vitro Irisina pareça estar relacionada com marcadores metabólicos, são escassos os trabalhos que investiguem em humanos quais as relações práticas entre exercícios físicos, Irisina e variáveis metabólicas. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de força em conjunto com o aeróbio (treinamento combinado ¿ TC) sobre os níveis basais de Irisina circulante e marcadores relacionados a RI e SM em homens de meia idade com obesidade grau 1. Metodologia: Vinte e dois homens (Idade: 49,13±5,75 anos e IMC: 30,86±1,63 Kg/m²) foram distribuídos em grupo treinamento combinado (TC, n=12) e grupo controle (GC, n=10). O TC foi composto por treinamento de força (6 exercícios/3 séries/ 6-10 repetições /60-90seg de pausa entre as séries) e aeróbio (30 minutos de caminhada/corrida à 50-85% do VO2max) realizados na mesma sessão, com frequência de 3x por semana. O comportamento alimentar, teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM), análise do volume máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), circunferência de cintura (CC), composição corporal, colesterol, perfil lipídico, insulina, glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, índice QUICKI, Z score da síndrome metabólica (SM) e Irisina plasmática foram analisadas antes e após o período experimental (24 semanas, sendo as coletas pós realizadas ao menos 72 horas após a última sessão de treino). O teste t-Student foi utilizado para comparação entre as linhas de base, seguido da análise de modelo misto e do post-hoc de Tukey quando necessário. Foi aplicado ainda o teste de Pearson para analisar possíveis correlações de deltas. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ou =' 1,2 sendo considerado "large". Resultados: O TC apresentou aumento da força muscular, VO2máx., massa magra e índice QUICKI, além de diminuição da gordura corporal, CC, níveis de insulina, glicemia, colesterol total, LDL, HOMA-IR e Z-score da SM, além de manter os níveis de Irisina. Já o GC teve diminuição de Irisina e da força muscular no exercício supino, além de aumento do HOMA-IR. Foram encontradas correlações inversas entre os deltas de Irisina e glicemia, colesterol total e CC, além de relação positiva com a soma das cargas dos testes de 1RM. Conclusão: O programa de TC foi capaz de manter os níveis de Irisina e proporcionar melhoras funcionais, metabólicas e de composição corporal, diminuindo as chances do desenvolvimento de Diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares entre seus praticantes. Pelos resultados das correlações, além da diminuição de Irisina com similar aumento do HOMA-IR no GC, é possível observar também em humanos a relação entre este peptídeo e variáveis relacionadas a homeostase metabólica Abstract: Introduction: Irisin is a peptide that stimulates thermogenesis and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue by browning it, and seems to be related with metabolic homeostasis. Physical exercise is considered its primary stimulator, but protocols that best promote this effect are not clear, even when activities working muscle strength and aerobic fitness are added, which are recommended factors for the improvement of health. Although in animal and in vitro studies, Irisin seems to be related to important metabolic markers. However, studies that investigate, in humans, the relations between exercise, Irisin and metabolic markers are scarce. Objective: To evaluate the effects of strength training combined to aerobic training (combined training - CT) on basal levels of circulating Irisin and markers related to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle-aged men with obesity. Methods: Twenty-two men (age: 49.13±5.75 years and BMI: 30.86±1.63 Kg/m²) were distributed in combined training group (CT, n=12) and control group (CG, n=10). The CT consisted of strength training (6 exercises/3 series/ 6-10 repetitions/60-90 second pause between sets) and aerobic (30 minutes of walking or running in 50-85% of VO2max), performed in the same session, with frequency of 3 times per week. The feeding behavior, one maximum repetition (1-RM), maximum volume of oxygen (VO2max), waist circumference (WC), body composition, lipid profile, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, QUICKI index, metabolic syndrome (SM) Z score and Irisin plasma were evaluated before and after the trial period (24 weeks, with post samples taken at least 72 hours after the last training session). The t-Student test was used for comparison between groups at baseline, followed by mixed model analysis was used, and Tukey post-hoc when necessary. Pearson's test was further applied to analyze the correlation between the percentage changes of the variables. The significance level was p

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o nível de atividade física e estágios de mudança de comportamento em universitários da área de saúde. A amostra foi composta por 416 indivíduos, com idade de 20,6 ± 2,8 anos, proveniente dos cursos de Educação Física (n=67), Enfermagem (n=87), Farmácia (n=79), Fisioterapia (n=99) e Nutrição (n=84). A massa corporal e a estatura foram reportadas e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi calculado pela equação de Quételet. Utilizou-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) - versão curta, para avaliar o nível de atividade física. Quanto ao estágio de mudança de comportamento, os indivíduos foram avaliados através do modelo transteorético de mudança de comportamento. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo indicaram que quase 30% dos acadêmicos da área de saúde foram considerados fisicamente inativos ou insuficientemente ativos, sendo 6% no curso de Educação Física, 34,5% em Enfermagem, 35,5% em Farmácia, 28,3 em Fisioterapia e 40,5 em Nutrição. Em relação ao estágio de mudança de comportamento, mais de 35% estavam se preparando para iniciar a prática de atividade física num futuro próximo. Conclui-se que, com exceção dos estudantes de Educação Física, há um número elevado de fisicamente inativos e insuficientemente ativos entre os acadêmicos dos cursos avaliados, mesmo se tratando de jovens e estudantes de cursos da área da saúde. Além disso, uma grande quantidade dos estudantes está propensa a mudar seu estilo de vida e terem uma vida mais ativa, o que deveria estimular o surgimento de mais oportunidades para a prática de atividade física.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2359-39972017000600524.pdf: 176331 bytes, checksum: 2b21769517e6a03bb6f81d318f5a1d11 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objective: Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. Subjects and methods: On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m²) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. Results: The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment – sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício Faculdade de Educação Física Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Departamento de Medicina Interna Escola de Ciências Médicas Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) FAPESP: 11/09446-6