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Ukraine’s trade in agricultural products plays the key role in determining the well-being of its citizens. The objective of the paper is to reveal the structural transformations in Ukraine’s agricultural production, to analyze the geographical and commodity structure of exports with the focus on agro-food products, to identify the top world importers/exporters of the selected agro-food products, as well as to examine Ukraine’s merchandise trade in 2022 and compare it with that of 2021. The data, taken from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine; the Trade Map, developed by the UNCTAD/WTO International Trade Center; the State Customs Service of Ukraine, as well as agricultural policies of the developed countries served as the information source for research, in which various methods have been used, e.g.: economic-mathematical, statistical, comparison, graphical, tabular, method of expert assessments, etc. The results demonstrate the empirical experience of the importance of agricultural exports for the country’s ability to remain in international trade flows in the conditions of military operations in this country. An empirical example of the impact of the withdrawal of one of the leading suppliers of certain types of agricultural products from world trade is also considered, and the impact of some steps on the return of this country to world trade in the context of ongoing geopolitical shifts is determined.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the issue of applying by Ukraine of mechanisms developed in the legal framework by the World Trade Organization to protect the internal market in order to prepare appropriate recommendations to state power authorities empowered to carry out trade policy. Methodology. The study is based on studying the experience of Ukraine to revise its commitments on tariff lines for the first three-year period after the accession to the WTO, as well as on the analysis of the most resonant steps to protect the internal market taken by Ukraine and the consequences of these steps. Result. The issue of applying by Ukraine of tools developed by the World Trade Organization to protect the interests of national producers has been described in this article. The situation of the use by Ukraine of a right to review the conditions of membership in the WTO has been reviewed step by step starting from the studying of this issue within the country and to the statements by the Government not to use this feature. All the stages of the process of using the possibility to revise the conditions of membership in the WTO have been analyzed as well as the mistakes that led to the absence of the desired result in the end. Also, the basic tools of protection of the domestic market in the WTO system, such as anti-dumping investigation and the investigation concerning the subsidized imports has been considered The dynamics of the use of such investigations by all WTO member countries since the establishment of the WTO, with particular emphasis on the period of the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010 has been reviewed. The number of successful investigations led to the application of certain protective measures also has been determined. The risks that arise in the absence of the Government of Ukraine steps to improve the efficiency of representation of interests in the WTO have been analyzed. Recommendations improving the use of WTO mechanisms to protect domestic producers have been offered. Changes in the legislative framework of Ukraine, which will help to improve the practice of defending the interests of national producers in compliance with WTO rules, have been proposed. Special attention is paid to the issues under discussion by WTO committees and the impact that will have the decisions taken in these committees on the WTO member countries. The main objectives of participation of WTO member countries in the work of these committees have been systemized and the main benefits of active participation in their work have been indicated. The practical significance. The data obtained can be used by public authorities of both Ukraine and other countries that have recently acceded to the WTO in order to improve the use of institutions and mechanisms created by this organization for the realization of their national economic interests. The same analysis of the experience of the first attempts to revise by Ukraine of its commitments to the WTO will be useful during the second revision of the conditions which, according to the rules of the WTO, occurs every three years.

The end of XX – the beginning of the XXI century was marked by the bright discovery that Chinese economy became one of the leading factors in global development, the powerful locomotive of globalization. On the background of negative impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2010 the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has proven to be the most stable and able to definite development, though at a slower pace on the vast majority of countries in the world. Only due to China the centre of world progress started shifting from Western Europe and North America to the APR. An analysis of peculiarities of the course of globalization processes shows that China, under the slogan of open peace-loving politics, actually strengthens its political and economic activities aimed at transformation of the existing unipolar world headed by the United States into a multipolar world. China's foreign policy is aimed at achieving the status of a superstate until the middle of 21st century. In the article PRC Concept “Belt and Road Initiative” is considered as a proof of existence of such a strategy. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that in order to achieve its goal, China establishes trade ties with all countries of the world, primarily through the introduction of free trade zones (FTAs) and an increase in investments, which is clearly manifested in its Eurasian policy, as well as in the implementation of the Concept of “Belt and Road Initiative”. The article proves the expediency of establishing an FTA between Ukraine and China and more active involving Ukraine in the implementation of the New Silk Road project based on the analysis of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China and based on the specific state of its economy in the conditions of geopolitical and geoeconomic instability. The article covers the key tendencies of Ukraine’s foreign trade cooperation with China in the context of the FTA initiative. The main goods, which account for the majority of exportimport operations from both countries are determined. The customs tariffs of Ukraine and China for individual goods, export of which is important for the Ukrainian economy are analysed. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that the main issue of potential negotiations on FTA with China is the need for a significant reduction of China’s tariffs on wheat and maize, which is 65%. The political risks of concluding an agreement on the FTA, in particular, because of the possible negative impact of such an agreement on the prospects of Ukraine’s EU membership, were identified, and recommendations were made to relevant government bodies both to ministries and to the profile committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

To fully exploit ultra-short X-ray pulse durations routinely available at X-ray free-electron lasers to follow out-of-equilibrium dynamics, inherent arrival time fluctuations of the X-ray pulse with an external perturbing laser pulse need to be measured. In this work, two methods of arrival time measurement were compared to measure the arrival time jitter of hard X-ray pulses. The methods were photoelectron streaking by a THz field and a transient refractive index change of a semiconductor. The methods were validated by shot-to-shot correction of a pump–probe transient reflectivity measurement. An ultimate shot-to-shot full width at half-maximum error between the devices of 19.2 ± 0.1 fs was measured.

Abstract The stability of pillar goaf is affected by the composite structure composed of residual coal pillars and roof, it is necessary to study the instability characteristics of residual coal pillars–roof system. Double coal pillar–roof combined bodies were constructed based on single coal pillar–roof combined body to characterize coal pillars–roof system in this paper. Through particle flow code (PFC), the instability modes of single combined body and double combined bodies with different combinations under uniaxial compression were studied from a mesoscopic perspective. With that, the instability criterions of double combined bodies were analyzed theoretically. The results show that the damage of single combined body and double combined bodies both have domino—type characteristics. During the single combined body is compressed, coal is broken firstly and induces rock damage. Meanwhile, the rock damage aggravates the destruction of coal in turn. Finally, the overall body loses bearing capacity based upon domino effect. During the double combined bodies with same mechanical properties are compressed, the component bodies bear the external load evenly and deform harmoniously. During the double bodies with different mechanical properties are compressed, the low-strength component body is destroyed and reaches its bearing limit firstly. Synchronously, the whole system reaches the bearing peak. Thereafter, the external load originally borne by low-strength body gradually transfers to high-strength body. The high-strength body also reaches the bearing limit over time, and the second bearing peak appears synchronously for the whole system. The instability of a single coal pillar is the initial cause of the instability of the whole coal pillars–roof system. The instability of any single component body can be regarded as the overall instability criterion for double bodies with same properties, while the instability of the single component body with high strength should be regarded as the instability criterion for double bodies with different properties.

The article discusses the main problems that accompany data storage and representation in the humanities. The offered solution includes a specially created adapter for transitioning data from Django to Wikibase, which prevents data format from becoming obsolete and makes queries more flexible by means of SPARQL. A database of the historical Russian plant names was chosen as a case study.

Long-wavelength pulses from the Swiss X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) have been used for de novo protein structure determination by native single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (native-SAD) phasing of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) data. In this work, sensitive anomalous data-quality indicators and model proteins were used to quantify improvements in native-SAD at XFELs such as utilization of longer wavelengths, careful experimental geometry optimization, and better post-refinement and partiality correction. Compared with studies using shorter wavelengths at other XFELs and older software versions, up to one order of magnitude reduction in the required number of indexed images for native-SAD was achieved, hence lowering sample consumption and beam-time requirements significantly. Improved data quality and higher anomalous signal facilitate so-far underutilized de novo structure determination of challenging proteins at XFELs. Improvements presented in this work can be used in other types of SFX experiments that require accurate measurements of weak signals, for example time-resolved studies.

This article discusses a model of a robotic platform that can be used for the proximal probing of biological objects in an ecologically balanced zone. The proximal probing is for scanning deciduous and fertile parts of biological objects with a hyperspectral camera at a distance of no more than a few meters. It allows for the obtention of information about the presence of phyto-diseases of tissues and also about the degree of ripeness and other parameters of the internal quality of the fruit. In this article, we report the methods and approaches used to detect fruits in the crown of a tree and also to identify their diseases such as scab and decay with an accuracy of at least 87%. For the autonomous movement of the platform in an ecologically balanced area, visual and inertial navigation is based on a Zed 2i stereo camera. This allows for the moving of biological objects in accordance with a given route indicated on the 2D map. The analysis of the information received from this platform allows for the building of maps of the presence of phyto-deseases in an ecologically balanced zone, and decisions are promptly made regarding the implementation of technical and protective measures that ensure high-quality products.

U ovom je radu analizirano kako kombinacija različitih vrsta vlakana utječe na mehanička svojstva betona. U tu svrhu korištena su čelična vlakna u kombinaciji s različitim volumnim udjelima polipropilenskih vlakana. Rezultati pokazuju da beton armiran samo čeličnim vlaknima ima najveću tlačnu čvrstoću, dok hibridni mikroarmirani betoni povećanjem udjela polipropilenskih vlakana pokazuju manje tlačne čvrstoće u odnosu na referentni beton. Nasuprot tome, hibridni beton s čeličnim vlaknima i volumnim udjelom polipropilenskih vlakana od 0,1% ima najveću vlačnu čvrstoću savijanjem.

Material properties can be controlled via strain, pressure, chemical composition, or dimensionality. Nickelates are particularly susceptible due to their strong variations of the electronic and magnetic properties on such external stimuli. Here, we analyze the photoinduced dynamics in a single crystalline NdNiO3 film upon excitation across the electronic gap. Using time-resolved reflectivity and resonant x-ray diffraction, we show that the pump pulse induces an insulator-to-metal transition, accompanied by the melting of the charge order. Finally, we compare our results with similar studies in manganites and show that the same model can be used to describe the dynamics in nickelates, hinting towards a unified description of these photoinduced electronic ordering phase transitions.