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Modern cities and their architectural structures undergo significant functional and physical changes. In recent years, the interventions on building envelopes have increased. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse potential remodeling of glass facades, along with applying the concept of smart technologies, in order to increase energy efficiency of the existing buildings. This paper analyses the modernization process of devastated glass façade of the tall Slavija hotel, built in 1960s in Belgrade, Serbia, taking into consideration some positive examples of transformation and reskinning of buildings, where the aspect of medialization is an active part of urban renewal. The subject of this paper is the analysis of research findings about the improved thermal comfort of this building, after performing the replacement of its glass façade and converting the hotel building into an office building. Special attention was paid to the implementation of media technologies and final effects on energy balance of the newly designed facade. The proposed solution is supposed to evaluate the improved thermal comfort that was achieved by a radical renovation of the facade and by replacing the existing facade with a new single façade (double and triple glazed units), with media elements as well as without them. The research results are presented as proposals for improving EE public buildings by implementing the latest system of curtain walls in order to increase the value of the buildings. One of the most important criteria included in the process of energy refurbishment is technological improvement of the existing buildings, along with the presentation of media facades. The case study is based on EnergyPlus simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for temporary protective structures, that is, the guidelines for planning, design, and implementation of future protective structures. The basic method of this paper was the observation and analyses of temporary protective structures as well as the evaluation of the results achieved in implementation of these rules in completed structures, within the Hilandar Monastery complex on Mount Athos, in Greece. Mount Athos was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its cultural and natural values. The Holy Mount Athos is a unique monastic complex in the world and only males are allowed past the entrance. Having performed the evaluation of certain types of temporary protective structures, the given results were offered as recommendation for their design and implementation. The most significant accomplishment of this paper is verification of the designed, calculated, and completed protective structures through practical application within the Hilandar Monastery complex, in accordance with all the factors of site management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global trends in reapplication of wood re-application and wood-based products, used as construction and architectural coating materials, are present not only because of esthetic, artistic and design requirements or tradition and nature-based inspiration, but also because wood adapts to modern trends in sustainable development. This paper presents traditional influence on application of wood as a façade cladding element in modern architecture of Serbia and provides the analyses of functional and design potentials of wood as an element of ventilated façade systems and its influence on energy efficiency. The objective of this research was to provide a more detailed insight into potentials and limitations of the application of wood and wood-based products, as façade cladding elements used for construction and reconstruction of architectural objects, in the climate conditions of Belgrade (Serbia) as well as to point out certain suggestions about improving their energy efficiency characteristics. The paper presents the examples of various methods of applying wood and wood-based products as elements of façade cladding in modern architecture of Belgrade. The main focus is put on an object that underwent different refurbishment methods and façade system alterations in order to meet the requirements of energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant share of the residential stock in the European countries has an exploited service life and is in a need for façade refurbishment. This paper contributes with an establishment of a tool for assessment of the sustainability of design options for buildings' façade refurbishment. The tool is based on a multicriteria system, assessing four design criteria, relevant to the process of façade refurbishment. The criteria are evaluated by several surveyed participants by utilizing the Analytic-Hierarchic Process (AHP).The tool is applied on several façade refurbishment design proposals assessment on a case-study of a residential building situated in Skopje, Western Balkans, Europe. Each of the façade proposals is assessed regarding their energy performance, CO2 emissions, investment costs and return of investment. Further, the results of the LCA analysis of the applied materials shows the contribution of each of them to the overall sustainability performance. The results of this research show that the use of wood and modified wood products as façade elements used for buildings' façade refurbishment can substantially decrease the greenhouse emissions and contribute to the carbon offset. However, due to the higher investment costs, the return of the investment is longer, leading to lower sustainability assessment ranking. It is concluded that the refurbishment of the façade with a conventional contact façade has the highest ranking on sustainability, followed by façade refurbishment with contact façade combined with only roof refurbishment/ glazing refurbishment or both. Also, the modified wood wall types show high sustainability ranking regarding their refurbishment potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of experimental testing of the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in edgewise bending of unreinforced and reinforced seven-layer LVL (laminated veneer lumber) poplar veneer panels. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of woven carbon fibers on the improvement of the bending properties and modulus of elasticity of LVL bending in the plane of the plate, as well as the influence of adhesives on the bending properties of the composite product, in order to test the potential of using this newly obtained material as a structural element. Bending was performed on small-scale samples. The main research task is the examination of three types of reinforcement, which differ from each other in position, orientation, and number of layers of reinforcement, using two different types of adhesives: epoxy adhesive and Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Resins (MUF). The composite material was produced in four different combinations in relation to the orientation and position of the reinforcement in the layup. The applied reinforcement is defined through three different configurations (EK1, EK2, and EK3) and a fourth control sample (EK4). Each configuration was produced by applying the two previously mentioned types of adhesives. The research findings showed that in the case of samples produced by applying CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) using epoxy adhesive, it significantly affected the increase in bending strength and flexural modulus of elasticity. The average improvement in bending strength is 32.9%, 33.2%, and 38.7%, i.e., the flexural modulus of elasticity is 54.1%, 50.7%, and 54.7%, respectively, for configurations EK1, EK2, and EK3, compared to control sample EK4. During the testing, the test samples from reinforced panels EK1 and EK2 showed partly plastic behavior up to the fracture point, while the diagram for the test samples from reinforced panels EK3 shows elastic behavior to a considerable extent, with a significantly smaller plastic behavior zone. This research proved the impossibility of using melamine-urea formaldehyde adhesive to form a composite product based on veneer and carbon fabric. The greatest contribution of this work is the experimentally verified and confirmed result of the possibility of applying poplar veneer to design structural elements in LVL using epoxy adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the possibility to apply energy refurbishment measures in restored historic buildings in order to ensure reuse. The objective of the paper is to provide an appropriate methodology for the structural restoration of historic buildings, their re-use and sustainable energy refurbishment in accordance with current needs and conservation principles. The study provides the analysis and evaluation of the realized goals regarding energy refurbishment and energy efficiency. The presented historic buildings belong to Hilandar Monastery, Mount Athos, Greece. Mount Athos has been listed in UNESCO World Heritage Site for decades. The paper deals with the expert analysis of abandoned and devastated structures included in the Haybarn Complex. This paper provides a positive outcome of the performed restoration in terms of energy refurbishment and repurpose, since these buildings were turned into unique accommodation facilities for visitors. This accomplishment can be seen as a useful recommendation for improving energy efficiency of historic buildings during their restoration. All the undertaken methods are in accordance with the environmental protection requirements. This study is a practical observation and analysis of energy refurbishment in the field of restoration of listed buildings. This certainly is the most important contribution of this paper. All energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources were carried out in compliance with conservation requirements and visual authenticity of historic structures. Assessment and analysis of energy efficient refurbishment via building performance simulation method and energy efficiency optimization was applied to several different models of restoration that was carried out in the Haybarn Complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]