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1. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., Beest, M. te, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., Vries, F.T. de, Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Bodegom, P.M. van, Systems Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, External Funding, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and van Bodegom, PM

Subjects
Plant functional types, Evolution, NUTRIENT, TERM, plant functional groups, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, vegetation change, Cluster analysis, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem function, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Community composition, Plant functional groups, community composition, ARCTIC TUNDRA, Ekologi, Plant traits, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, LEAF TRAITS, Botany, food and beverages, Botanik, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, plant functional types, Research Papers, Tundra biome, cluster analysis, plant traits, tundra biome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological Applications, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Vegetation change, Ecosystem function, VEGETATION, LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES, RESPONSES, Research Paper
Abstract

Aim : Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large propor ‐ tion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location : Tundra biome. Time period : Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied : 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods : We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We exam ‐ ined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional func ‐ tional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to al ‐ ternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results : Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expres ‐ sion, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were con ‐ sistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions : Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using func ‐ tional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem func ‐ tions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling. © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Published
2021
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3. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G.D.A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A.T.R., Adamidis, G.C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C.H., Alcántara, J.M., Alcázar, C.C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M.M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D.M.G., Ashman, T‐L, Asmara, D.H., Asner, G.P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup‐Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W.J., Bakker, J.P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D.R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo‐Lattke, M.L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt‐Römermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A.D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra‐González, K.T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Böhning‐Gaese, K., Boisvert‐Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond‐Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C.C.F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E.H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M.R., Broadley, M.R., Brown, K.A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H.H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S.W., Bucher, S.F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D.E., Bürger, J., Burrascano, S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Butterfield, B.J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M.C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J.J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos, J.A., Cano‐Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J.A., Cavender‐Bares, J., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Cervellini, M., Chacón‐Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F.S., Chelli, S., Chen, S‐C, Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K‐S, Chytrý, M., Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C.G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Cornwell, W.K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., Silva, A.C., Dahlin, K.M., Dainese, M., Dalke, I., Dalle Fratte, M., Dang‐Le, A.T., Danihelka, J., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., Beer, A.J., De Frutos, A., De Long, J.R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Delpierre, N., Derroire, G., Dias, A.S., Diaz‐Toribio, M.H., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Dobrowolski, M., Doktor, D., Dřevojan, P., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Dymova, O., E‐Vojtkó, A., Eckstein, R.L., Ejtehadi, H., Elser, J., Emilio, T., Engemann, K., Erfanian, M.B., Erfmeier, A., Esquivel‐Muelbert, A., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Domingues, T.F., Fagan, W.F., Fagúndez, J., Falster, D.S., Fan, Y., Fang, J., Farris, E., Fazlioglu, F., Feng, Y., Fernandez‐Mendez, F., Ferrara, C., Ferreira, J., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Firn, J., Flowers, T.J., Flynn, D.F.B., Fontana, V., Forey, E., Forgiarini, C., François, L., Frangipani, M., Frank, D., Frenette‐Dussault, C., Freschet, G.T., Fry, E.L., Fyllas, N.M., Mazzochini, G.G., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Ganade, G., Ganga, F., García‐Palacios, P., Gargaglione, V., Garnier, E., Garrido, J.L., Gasper, A.L., Gea‐Izquierdo, G., Gibson, D., Gillison, A.N., Giroldo, A., Glasenhardt, M‐C, Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Goldberg, E., Göldel, B., Gonzalez‐Akre, E., Gonzalez‐Andujar, J.L., González‐Melo, A., González‐Robles, A., Graae, B.J., Granda, E., Graves, S., Green, W.A., Gregor, T., Gross, N., Guerin, G.R., Günther, A., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haddock, L., Haines, A., Hall, J., Hambuckers, A., Han, W., Harrison, S.P., Hattingh, W., Hawes, J.E., He, T., He, P., Heberling, J.M., Helm, A., Hempel, S., Hentschel, J., Hérault, B., Hereş, A‐M, Herz, K., Heuertz, M., Hickler, T., Hietz, P., Higuchi, P., Hipp, A.L., Hirons, A., Hock, M., Hogan, J.A., Holl, K., Honnay, O., Hornstein, D., Hou, E., Hough‐Snee, N., Hovstad, K.A., Ichie, T., Igić, B., Illa, E., Isaac, M., Ishihara, M., Ivanov, L., Ivanova, L., Iversen, C.M., Izquierdo, J., Jackson, R.B., Jackson, B., Jactel, H., Jagodzinski, A.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, S., Jenkins, T., Jentsch, A., Jespersen, J.R.P., Jiang, G‐F, Johansen, J.L., Johnson, D., Jokela, E.J., Joly, C.A., Jordan, G.J., Joseph, G.S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R.R., Justes, E., Kabzems, R., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Kenzo, T., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M.I., Kinlock, N.L., Kissling, W.D., Kitajima, K., Kitzberger, T., Kjøller, R., Klein, T., Kleyer, M., Klimešová, J., Klipel, J., Kloeppel, B., Klotz, S., Knops, J.M.H., Kohyama, T., Koike, F., Kollmann, J., Komac, B., Komatsu, K., König, C., Kraft, N.J.B., Kramer, K.., Kreft, H., Kühn, I., Kumarathunge, D., Kuppler, J., Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, Y., Kuyah, S., Laclau, J‐P, Lafleur, B., Lallai, E., Lamb, E., Lamprecht, A., Larkin, D.J., Laughlin, D., Le Bagousse‐Pinguet, Y., Maire, G., Roux, P.C., Roux, E., Lee, T., Lens, F., Lewis, S.L., Lhotsky, B., Li, Y., Li, X., Lichstein, J.W., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J.Y., Lin, Y‐S, Linares, J.C., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, U., Livingstone, S., Llusià, J., Lohbeck, M., López‐García, Á., Lopez‐Gonzalez, G., Lososová, Z., Louault, F., Lukács, B.A., Lukeš, P., Luo, Y.J., Lussu, M., Ma, S., Maciel Rabelo Pereira, C., Mack, M., Maire, V., Mäkelä, A., Mäkinen, H., Malhado, A.C.M., Mallik, A., Manning, P., Manzoni, S., Marchetti, Z., Marchino, L., Marcilio‐Silva, V., Marcon, E., Marignani, M., Markesteijn, L., Martin, A., Martínez‐Garza, C., Martínez‐Vilalta, J., Mašková, T., Mason, K., Mason, N., Massad, T.J., Masse, J., Mayrose, I., McCarthy, J., McCormack, M.L., McCulloh, K., McFadden, I.R., McGill, B.J., McPartland, M.Y., Medeiros, J.S., Medlyn, B., Meerts, P., Mehrabi, Z., Meir, P., Melo, F.P.L., Mencuccini, M., Meredieu, C., Messier, J., Mészáros, I., Metsaranta, J., Michaletz, S.T., Michelaki, C., Migalina, S., Milla, R., Miller, J.E.D., Minden, V., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Moles, A.T., Molnár, A., Molofsky, J., Molz, M., Montgomery, R.A., Monty, A., Moravcová, L., Moreno‐Martínez, A., Moretti, M., Mori, A.S., Mori, S., Morris, D., Morrison, J., Mucina, L., Mueller, S., Muir, C.D., Müller, S.C., Munoz, F., Myers‐Smith, I.H., Myster, R.W., Nagano, M., Naidu, S., Narayanan, A., Natesan, B., Negoita, L., Nelson, A.S., Neuschulz, E.L., Ni, J., Niedrist, G., Nieto, J., Niinemets, Ü., Nolan, R., Nottebrock, H., Nouvellon, Y., Novakovskiy, A., Nystuen, K.O., O'Grady, A., O'Hara, K., O'Reilly‐Nugent, A., Oakley, S., Oberhuber, W., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Öllerer, K., Olson, M.E., Onipchenko, V., Onoda, Y., Onstein, R.E., Ordonez, J.C., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Pahl, A.T., Paine, C.E.T., Pakeman, R.J., Papageorgiou, A.C., Parfionova, E., Pärtel, M., Patacca, M., Paula, S., Paule, J., Pauli, H., Pausas, J.G., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Perea, A., Peri, P.L., Petisco‐Souza, A.C., Petraglia, A., Petritan, A.M., Phillips, O.L., Pierce, S., Pillar, V.D., Pisek, J., Pomogaybin, A., Poorter, H., Portsmuth, A., Poschlod, P., Potvin, C., Pounds, D., Powell, A.S., Power, S.A., Prinzing, A., Puglielli, G., Pyšek, P., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Ray, C.A., Reich, P.B., Reichstein, M., Reid, D.E. B., Réjou‐Méchain, M., Dios, V.R., Ribeiro, S., Richardson, S., Riibak, K., Rillig, M.C., Riviera, F., Robert, E.M.R., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Rodrigues, A.V., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Römermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Roscher, C., Rosell, J.A., Rosenfield, M.F., Rossi, C., Roy, D.B., Royer‐Tardif, S., Rüger, N., Ruiz‐Peinado, R., Rumpf, S.B., Rusch, G.M., Ryo, M., Sack, L., Saldaña, A., Salgado‐Negret, B., Salguero‐Gomez, R., Santa‐Regina, I., Santacruz‐García, A.C., Santos, J., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Schmitt, S., Schneider, J.V., Schowanek, S.D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Schurr, F., Selaya Garvizu, G., Semchenko, M., Seymour, C., Sfair, J.C., Sharpe, J.M., Sheppard, C.S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T.A., Siebenkäs, A., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Silva, M., Sitzia, T., Sjöman, H., Slot, M., Smith, N.G., Sodhi, D., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sørensen, M.V., Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Souza, A.F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M.G., Stan, A.B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Stephan, J.G., Sterck, F., Stojanovic, D.B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M.L., Svenning, J‐C, Svitková, I., Svitok, M., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Swenson, N., Tabarelli, M., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., Beest, M., Tedersoo, L., Thiffault, N., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Thompson, K., Thornton, P.E., Thuiller, W., Tichý, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M.G., Tng, D.Y.P., Tobias, J., Török, P., Tarin, T., Torres‐Ruiz, J.M., Tóthmérész, B., Treurnicht, M., Trivellone, V., Trolliet, F., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J.L., Tsiripidis, I., Tysklind, N., Umehara, T., Usoltsev, V., Vadeboncoeur, M., Vaezi, J., Valladares, F., Vamosi, J., Bodegom, P.M., Breugel, M., Van Cleemput, E., Weg, M., Merwe, S., Plas, F., Sande, M.T., Kleunen, M., Van Meerbeek, K., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K.A., Vårhammar, A., Varone, L., Vasquez Valderrama, M.Y., Vassilev, K., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E.J., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Vieira, I., Villacís, J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Waldram, M., Waldron, A., Walker, A.P., Waller, M., Walther, G., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Weber, U., Weedon, J.T., Wei, L., Weigelt, P., Weiher, E., Wells, A.W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Westwood, A., White, P.J., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D.E., Winter, K., Womack, C., Wright, I.J., Wright, S.J., Wright, J., Pinho, B.X., Ximenes, F., Yamada, T., Yamaji, K., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Zanini, K.J., Zanne, A.E., Zelený, D., Zhao, Y‐P, Zheng, J., Ziemińska, K., Zirbel, C.R., Zizka, G., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Zotz, G., Wirth, C., Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G.D.A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A.T.R., Adamidis, G.C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C.H., Alcántara, J.M., Alcázar, C.C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M.M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D.M.G., Ashman, T‐L, Asmara, D.H., Asner, G.P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup‐Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W.J., Bakker, J.P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D.R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo‐Lattke, M.L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt‐Römermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A.D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra‐González, K.T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Böhning‐Gaese, K., Boisvert‐Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond‐Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C.C.F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E.H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M.R., Broadley, M.R., Brown, K.A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H.H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S.W., Bucher, S.F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D.E., Bürger, J., Burrascano, S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Butterfield, B.J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M.C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J.J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos, J.A., Cano‐Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J.A., Cavender‐Bares, J., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Cervellini, M., Chacón‐Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F.S., Chelli, S., Chen, S‐C, Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K‐S, Chytrý, M., Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C.G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Cornwell, W.K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., Silva, A.C., Dahlin, K.M., Dainese, M., Dalke, I., Dalle Fratte, M., Dang‐Le, A.T., Danihelka, J., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., Beer, A.J., De Frutos, A., De Long, J.R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Delpierre, N., Derroire, G., Dias, A.S., Diaz‐Toribio, M.H., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Dobrowolski, M., Doktor, D., Dřevojan, P., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Dymova, O., E‐Vojtkó, A., Eckstein, R.L., Ejtehadi, H., Elser, J., Emilio, T., Engemann, K., Erfanian, M.B., Erfmeier, A., Esquivel‐Muelbert, A., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Domingues, T.F., Fagan, W.F., Fagúndez, J., Falster, D.S., Fan, Y., Fang, J., Farris, E., Fazlioglu, F., Feng, Y., Fernandez‐Mendez, F., Ferrara, C., Ferreira, J., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Firn, J., Flowers, T.J., Flynn, D.F.B., Fontana, V., Forey, E., Forgiarini, C., François, L., Frangipani, M., Frank, D., Frenette‐Dussault, C., Freschet, G.T., Fry, E.L., Fyllas, N.M., Mazzochini, G.G., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Ganade, G., Ganga, F., García‐Palacios, P., Gargaglione, V., Garnier, E., Garrido, J.L., Gasper, A.L., Gea‐Izquierdo, G., Gibson, D., Gillison, A.N., Giroldo, A., Glasenhardt, M‐C, Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Goldberg, E., Göldel, B., Gonzalez‐Akre, E., Gonzalez‐Andujar, J.L., González‐Melo, A., González‐Robles, A., Graae, B.J., Granda, E., Graves, S., Green, W.A., Gregor, T., Gross, N., Guerin, G.R., Günther, A., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haddock, L., Haines, A., Hall, J., Hambuckers, A., Han, W., Harrison, S.P., Hattingh, W., Hawes, J.E., He, T., He, P., Heberling, J.M., Helm, A., Hempel, S., Hentschel, J., Hérault, B., Hereş, A‐M, Herz, K., Heuertz, M., Hickler, T., Hietz, P., Higuchi, P., Hipp, A.L., Hirons, A., Hock, M., Hogan, J.A., Holl, K., Honnay, O., Hornstein, D., Hou, E., Hough‐Snee, N., Hovstad, K.A., Ichie, T., Igić, B., Illa, E., Isaac, M., Ishihara, M., Ivanov, L., Ivanova, L., Iversen, C.M., Izquierdo, J., Jackson, R.B., Jackson, B., Jactel, H., Jagodzinski, A.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, S., Jenkins, T., Jentsch, A., Jespersen, J.R.P., Jiang, G‐F, Johansen, J.L., Johnson, D., Jokela, E.J., Joly, C.A., Jordan, G.J., Joseph, G.S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R.R., Justes, E., Kabzems, R., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Kenzo, T., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M.I., Kinlock, N.L., Kissling, W.D., Kitajima, K., Kitzberger, T., Kjøller, R., Klein, T., Kleyer, M., Klimešová, J., Klipel, J., Kloeppel, B., Klotz, S., Knops, J.M.H., Kohyama, T., Koike, F., Kollmann, J., Komac, B., Komatsu, K., König, C., Kraft, N.J.B., Kramer, K.., Kreft, H., Kühn, I., Kumarathunge, D., Kuppler, J., Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, Y., Kuyah, S., Laclau, J‐P, Lafleur, B., Lallai, E., Lamb, E., Lamprecht, A., Larkin, D.J., Laughlin, D., Le Bagousse‐Pinguet, Y., Maire, G., Roux, P.C., Roux, E., Lee, T., Lens, F., Lewis, S.L., Lhotsky, B., Li, Y., Li, X., Lichstein, J.W., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J.Y., Lin, Y‐S, Linares, J.C., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, U., Livingstone, S., Llusià, J., Lohbeck, M., López‐García, Á., Lopez‐Gonzalez, G., Lososová, Z., Louault, F., Lukács, B.A., Lukeš, P., Luo, Y.J., Lussu, M., Ma, S., Maciel Rabelo Pereira, C., Mack, M., Maire, V., Mäkelä, A., Mäkinen, H., Malhado, A.C.M., Mallik, A., Manning, P., Manzoni, S., Marchetti, Z., Marchino, L., Marcilio‐Silva, V., Marcon, E., Marignani, M., Markesteijn, L., Martin, A., Martínez‐Garza, C., Martínez‐Vilalta, J., Mašková, T., Mason, K., Mason, N., Massad, T.J., Masse, J., Mayrose, I., McCarthy, J., McCormack, M.L., McCulloh, K., McFadden, I.R., McGill, B.J., McPartland, M.Y., Medeiros, J.S., Medlyn, B., Meerts, P., Mehrabi, Z., Meir, P., Melo, F.P.L., Mencuccini, M., Meredieu, C., Messier, J., Mészáros, I., Metsaranta, J., Michaletz, S.T., Michelaki, C., Migalina, S., Milla, R., Miller, J.E.D., Minden, V., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Moles, A.T., Molnár, A., Molofsky, J., Molz, M., Montgomery, R.A., Monty, A., Moravcová, L., Moreno‐Martínez, A., Moretti, M., Mori, A.S., Mori, S., Morris, D., Morrison, J., Mucina, L., Mueller, S., Muir, C.D., Müller, S.C., Munoz, F., Myers‐Smith, I.H., Myster, R.W., Nagano, M., Naidu, S., Narayanan, A., Natesan, B., Negoita, L., Nelson, A.S., Neuschulz, E.L., Ni, J., Niedrist, G., Nieto, J., Niinemets, Ü., Nolan, R., Nottebrock, H., Nouvellon, Y., Novakovskiy, A., Nystuen, K.O., O'Grady, A., O'Hara, K., O'Reilly‐Nugent, A., Oakley, S., Oberhuber, W., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Öllerer, K., Olson, M.E., Onipchenko, V., Onoda, Y., Onstein, R.E., Ordonez, J.C., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Pahl, A.T., Paine, C.E.T., Pakeman, R.J., Papageorgiou, A.C., Parfionova, E., Pärtel, M., Patacca, M., Paula, S., Paule, J., Pauli, H., Pausas, J.G., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Perea, A., Peri, P.L., Petisco‐Souza, A.C., Petraglia, A., Petritan, A.M., Phillips, O.L., Pierce, S., Pillar, V.D., Pisek, J., Pomogaybin, A., Poorter, H., Portsmuth, A., Poschlod, P., Potvin, C., Pounds, D., Powell, A.S., Power, S.A., Prinzing, A., Puglielli, G., Pyšek, P., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Ray, C.A., Reich, P.B., Reichstein, M., Reid, D.E. B., Réjou‐Méchain, M., Dios, V.R., Ribeiro, S., Richardson, S., Riibak, K., Rillig, M.C., Riviera, F., Robert, E.M.R., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Rodrigues, A.V., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Römermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Roscher, C., Rosell, J.A., Rosenfield, M.F., Rossi, C., Roy, D.B., Royer‐Tardif, S., Rüger, N., Ruiz‐Peinado, R., Rumpf, S.B., Rusch, G.M., Ryo, M., Sack, L., Saldaña, A., Salgado‐Negret, B., Salguero‐Gomez, R., Santa‐Regina, I., Santacruz‐García, A.C., Santos, J., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Schmitt, S., Schneider, J.V., Schowanek, S.D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Schurr, F., Selaya Garvizu, G., Semchenko, M., Seymour, C., Sfair, J.C., Sharpe, J.M., Sheppard, C.S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T.A., Siebenkäs, A., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Silva, M., Sitzia, T., Sjöman, H., Slot, M., Smith, N.G., Sodhi, D., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sørensen, M.V., Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Souza, A.F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M.G., Stan, A.B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Stephan, J.G., Sterck, F., Stojanovic, D.B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M.L., Svenning, J‐C, Svitková, I., Svitok, M., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Swenson, N., Tabarelli, M., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., Beest, M., Tedersoo, L., Thiffault, N., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Thompson, K., Thornton, P.E., Thuiller, W., Tichý, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M.G., Tng, D.Y.P., Tobias, J., Török, P., Tarin, T., Torres‐Ruiz, J.M., Tóthmérész, B., Treurnicht, M., Trivellone, V., Trolliet, F., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J.L., Tsiripidis, I., Tysklind, N., Umehara, T., Usoltsev, V., Vadeboncoeur, M., Vaezi, J., Valladares, F., Vamosi, J., Bodegom, P.M., Breugel, M., Van Cleemput, E., Weg, M., Merwe, S., Plas, F., Sande, M.T., Kleunen, M., Van Meerbeek, K., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K.A., Vårhammar, A., Varone, L., Vasquez Valderrama, M.Y., Vassilev, K., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E.J., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Vieira, I., Villacís, J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Waldram, M., Waldron, A., Walker, A.P., Waller, M., Walther, G., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Weber, U., Weedon, J.T., Wei, L., Weigelt, P., Weiher, E., Wells, A.W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Westwood, A., White, P.J., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D.E., Winter, K., Womack, C., Wright, I.J., Wright, S.J., Wright, J., Pinho, B.X., Ximenes, F., Yamada, T., Yamaji, K., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Zanini, K.J., Zanne, A.E., Zelený, D., Zhao, Y‐P, Zheng, J., Ziemińska, K., Zirbel, C.R., Zizka, G., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Zotz, G., and Wirth, C.

Abstract

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

4. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., and Poschlod, P.

Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

5. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijman, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Te Beest, M., de Vries, F.T., Ozinga, W.A., and van Bodegom, P.M.

Subjects
food and beverages, plant functional types, ESG Stafafdelingen Omgevingswetenschappen, plant functional groups, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, vegetation change, plant traits, ecosystem function, ESG Staff Departments Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, tundra biome, community composition, cluster analysis
Abstract

Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra ecosystem change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insight into ecological prediction and modelling.

Published
2019

6. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P.M., Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P.M.

Abstract

AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, su

Published
2018

7. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Thomas, H.J.D., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dickinson, K.J.M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Good, M.K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Henry, G.H.R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R.E., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M.C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J.W., Mörsdorf, M.A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S.B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Street, L.E., Suding, K., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, J.-P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., Virkkala, A.-M., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Thomas, H.J.D., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dickinson, K.J.M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Good, M.K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Henry, G.H.R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R.E., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M.C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J.W., Mörsdorf, M.A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S.B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Street, L.E., Suding, K., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, J.-P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., and Virkkala, A.-M.

Abstract

MotivationThe Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable containedThe database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grainMeasurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grainAll data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurementTrait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software formatcsv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

8. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Rüger, N., Beck, P.S.A., Blach-Overgaard, A., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Henry, G.H.R., HilleRisLambers, J., Hollister, R.D., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Manning, P., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Thomas, H.J.D., Vellend, M., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Carbognani, M., Hermanutz, L., Lévesque, E., Molau, U., Petraglia, A., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Tomaselli, M., Vowles, T., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Christie, K., Cooper, E.J., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Jørgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Little, C.J., Speed, J.D.M., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Green, W., Milla, R., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Poorter, H., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Weiher, E., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Rüger, N., Beck, P.S.A., Blach-Overgaard, A., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Henry, G.H.R., HilleRisLambers, J., Hollister, R.D., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Manning, P., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Thomas, H.J.D., Vellend, M., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Carbognani, M., Hermanutz, L., Lévesque, E., Molau, U., Petraglia, A., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Tomaselli, M., Vowles, T., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Christie, K., Cooper, E.J., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Jørgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Little, C.J., Speed, J.D.M., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Green, W., Milla, R., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Poorter, H., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and Weiher, E.

Abstract

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Published
2018

9. Forest fine-root production and nitrogen use under elevated CO2: Contrasting responses in evergreen and deciduous trees explained by a common principle

Author

Franklin, O., McMurtrie, R.E., Iversen, C.M., Crous, K.Y., Finzi, A.C., Tissue, D.T., Ellsworth, D., Oren, R., Norby, R.J., Franklin, O., McMurtrie, R.E., Iversen, C.M., Crous, K.Y., Finzi, A.C., Tissue, D.T., Ellsworth, D., Oren, R., and Norby, R.J.

Abstract

Despite the importance of nitrogen (N) limitation of forest carbon (C) sequestration at rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. To elucidate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and soil N availability on forest productivity and C allocation, we hypothesized that (1) trees maximize fitness by allocating N and C to maximize their net growth and (2) that N uptake is controlled by soil N availability and root exploration for soil N. We tested this model using data collected in Free-Air CO2 Enrichment sites dominated by evergreen (Pinus taeda; Duke Forest) and deciduous [Liquidambar styraciflua; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)] trees. The model explained 80 -95% of variation in productivity and N-uptake data among eCO2, N fertilization and control treatments over 6 years. The model explains why fine-root production increased, and why N uptake increased despite reduced soil N availability under eCO2 at ORNL and Duke. In agreement with observations at other sites, the model predicts that soil N availability reduced below a critical level diminishes all eCO2 responses. At Duke, a negative feedback between reduced soil N availability and N uptake prevented progressive reduction in soil N availability at eCO2. At ORNL, soil N availability progressively decreased because it did not trigger reductions in N uptake; N uptake was maintained at ORNL through a large increase in the production of fast turnover fine roots. This implies that species with fast root turnover could be more prone to progressive N limitation of carbon sequestration in woody biomass than species with slow root turnover, such as evergreens. However, longer term data are necessary for a thorough evaluation of this hypothesis. The success of the model suggests that the principle of maximization of net growth to control growth and allocation could serve as a basis for simplification and generalization of larger scale forest and ecosystem models, f

Published
2009

10. Increases in nitrogen uptake rather than nitrogen-use efficiency support higher rates of temperate forest productivity under elevated CO2

Author

Finzi, A.C., Norby, R.J., Calfapietra, C., Gallet-Budynek, A., Gielen, B., Holmes, W.E., Hoosbeek, M.R., Iversen, C.M., Jackson, R.B., Kubiske, M.E., Ledford, J., Liberloo, M., Oren, R., Polle, A., Pritchard, S., Zak, D.R., Schlesinger, W.H., Ceulemans, R., Finzi, A.C., Norby, R.J., Calfapietra, C., Gallet-Budynek, A., Gielen, B., Holmes, W.E., Hoosbeek, M.R., Iversen, C.M., Jackson, R.B., Kubiske, M.E., Ledford, J., Liberloo, M., Oren, R., Polle, A., Pritchard, S., Zak, D.R., Schlesinger, W.H., and Ceulemans, R.

Abstract

Forest ecosystems are important sinks for rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2. In previous research, we showed that net primary production (NPP) increased by 23 ± 2% when four experimental forests were grown under atmospheric concentrations of CO2 predicted for the latter half of this century. Because nitrogen (N) availability commonly limits forest productivity, some combination of increased N uptake from the soil and more efficient use of the N already assimilated by trees is necessary to sustain the high rates of forest NPP under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE). In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the uptake of N increased under elevated CO2 at the Rhinelander, Duke, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites, yet fertilization studies at the Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites showed that tree growth and forest NPP were strongly limited by N availability. By contrast, nitrogen-use efficiency increased under elevated CO2 at the POP-EUROFACE site, where fertilization studies showed that N was not limiting to tree growth. Some combination of increasing fine root production, increased rates of soil organic matter decomposition, and increased allocation of carbon (C) to mycorrhizal fungi is likely to account for greater N uptake under elevated CO2. Regardless of the specific mechanism, this analysis shows that the larger quantities of C entering the below-ground system under elevated CO2 result in greater N uptake, even in N-limited ecosystems. Biogeochemical models must be reformulated to allow C transfers below ground that result in additional N uptake under elevated CO2.

Published
2007

11. An integrated framework of plant form and function: The belowground perspective

Author

Joana Bergmann, Marina Semchenko, Helge Bruelheide, Colleen M. Iversen, Jasper van Ruijven, Liesje Mommer, Jens Kattge, Karl Andraczek, Christopher J. Sweeney, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Alexandra Weigelt, Daniel C. Laughlin, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Thomas W. Kuyper, Fons van der Plas, M. Luke McCormack, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Catherine Roumet, Hendrik Poorter, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Larry M. York, Ying Fan, Weigelt A., Mommer L., Andraczek K., Iversen C.M., Bergmann J., Bruelheide H., Fan Y., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Kattge J., Kuyper T.W., Laughlin D.C., Meier I.C., van der Plas F., Poorter H., Roumet C., van Ruijven J., Sabatini F.M., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., York L.M., McCormack M.L., Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Leipzig University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wyoming (UW), Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Noble Research Institute, and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Physiology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Plant Science, Tissue density, Biology, economic gradient, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Root length, Form and function, functional plant strategies, collaboration gradient, Ecosystem, Plant traits, conservation gradient, Bodembiologie, 030304 developmental biology, trade-off, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Plant Leaves, functional plant strategie, ddc:580, trade-offs, Phenotype, Community composition, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, trait economic, plant size, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plant Leave, trait economics
Abstract

International audience; Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of aboveground and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf- and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length), and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow ‘conservation’ gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the ‘collaboration’ gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.

Published
2021
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12. Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Author

Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Jasper van Ruijven, M. Luke McCormack, Ülo Niinemets, Hendrik Poorter, Renata Ćušterevska, Jonathan Lenoir, Ina C. Meier, Marco Schmidt, Fons van der Plas, Peter B. Reich, Grégoire T. Freschet, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Joana Bergmann, Thomas W. Kuyper, Jens Kattge, Catherine Roumet, Marina Semchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Isabelle Aubin, Gregory Richard Guerin, Wim A. Ozinga, Chaeho Byun, Helge Bruelheide, Franziska Schrodt, Olivia R. Burge, Christopher J. Sweeney, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Daniel C. Laughlin, Larry M. York, Colleen M. Iversen, Robert B. Jackson, Estelle Forey, Eduardo Velázquez, Liesje Mommer, Jürgen Dengler, Tatiana Lysenko, Bruno Hérault, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Patrick Meir, Alexandra Weigelt, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C., Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M. Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Weigelt, Alexandra, University of Wyoming (UW), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, The Morton Arboretum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Noble Research Institute, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Andong National University, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of Adelaide, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny de Yamoussoukro (INP-HB), Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Australian National University (ANU), University of Edinburgh, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Minnesota System, Western Sydney University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Laughlin D.C., Mommer L., Sabatini F.M., Bruelheide H., Kuyper T.W., McCormack M.L., Bergmann J., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Iversen C.M., Kattge J., Meier I.C., Poorter H., Roumet C., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., van der Plas F., van Ruijven J., York L.M., Aubin I., Burge O.R., Byun C., Custerevska R., Dengler J., Forey E., Guerin G.R., Herault B., Jackson R.B., Karger D.N., Lenoir J., Lysenko T., Meir P., Niinemets U., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Reich P.B., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Velazquez E., and Weigelt A.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Range (biology), Climate, Ecophysiology, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Facteur du milieu, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Physiologie végétale, Phenotype, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Écologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, Facteur écologique, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biogéographie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, ddc:570, Life Science, Forest, Community ecology, 577: Ökologie, Plant Dispersal, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Environmental gradient, Vegetation, Community, Directional selection, Water, 15. Life on land, Natural variation in plants, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

21 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional, where opposite ends of a gradient in trait values confer advantages in different environments. However, unidirectional benefits could be widespread if extreme trait values confer advantages at one end of an environmental gradient, whereas a wide range of trait values are equally beneficial at the other end. Here, we show that root traits explain species occurrences along broad gradients of temperature and water availability, but model predictions only resembled trade-offs in two out of 24 models. Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. Unidirectional benefits were more prevalent than trade-offs: for example, species with large-diameter roots and high RTD were more commonly associated with dry climates, but species with the opposite trait values were not associated with wet climates. Directional selection for traits consistently occurred in cold or dry climates, whereas a diversity of root trait values were equally viable in warm or wet climates. Explicit integration of unidirectional benefits into ecological theory is needed to advance our understanding of the consequences of trait variation on species responses to environmental change., sPlot was initiated by sDiv and funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118) and is now a platform of iDiv. The sRoot workshops and L.M. were also supported by NWO-Vidi grant 864.14.006. C.M.I. and the Fine-Root Ecology Database were supported by the Biological and Environmental Research program in the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science. J.B. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project 432975993. N.R.G.-R. thanks the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität.

Published
2021
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