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232 results on '"Jérôme Harmand"'

1. Coupling a Simple and Generic Membrane Fouling Model with Biological Dynamics: Application to the Modeling of an Anaerobic Membrane BioReactor (AnMBR)

Author

Boumediene Benyahia, Amine Charfi, Geoffroy Lesage, Marc Heran, Brahim Cherki, and Jérôme Harmand

Subjects
anaerobic membrane bioreactor, identification, MBR modeling, membrane fouling, SMP, wastewater treatment, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

A simple model is developed for membrane fouling, taking into account two main fouling phenomena: cake formation, due to attached solids on the membrane surface, and pore clogging, due to retained compounds inside the pores. The model is coupled with a simple anaerobic digestion model for describing the dynamics of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). In simulations, we investigate its qualitative behavior: it is shown that the model exhibits satisfying properties in terms of a flux decrease due to membrane fouling. Comparing simulation and experimental data, the model is shown to predict quite well the dynamics of an AnMBR. The simulated flux best fits the experimental flux with a correlation coefficient r2=0.968 for the calibration data set and r2=0.938 for the validation data set. General discussions are given on possible control strategies to limit fouling and optimize the flux production. We show in simulations that these strategies allow one to increase the mean production flux to 33 L/(h·m2),whereas without control, it was 18 L/(h·m2).

Published
2024
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2. Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content 'A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia'

Author

Mohamed Kefi, Nesrine Kalboussi, Alain Rapaport, Jérôme Harmand, and Hakim Gabtni

Subjects
olive, mathematical modelling, nitrogen, reuse, viability theory, farmers’ perception, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

One of Tunisia’s main challenges is to conserve and protect water resources for current and future generations. Using non-conventional water in agriculture, such as treated wastewater, can be a sustainable water-saving solution. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) to analyze the value chain of treated wastewater for olive growing farms production and (ii) to apply mathematical modeling to maximize the olive production in optimizing irrigation distribution and nitrogen amendment in olive growing farms. The work is carried out in a peri-urban irrigated perimeter of Msaken, Sousse, which is mainly occupied by olive trees and irrigated by treated wastewater. A SWOT analysis is also applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses of reuse in this study area. Moreover, mathematical models are used to determine the optimal schedule for fertigation with treated wastewater. In this process, data on rainfall, soil, water quality and olive production were collected from local farmers, local decision makers, field and laboratory experiments. SWOT results determine farmers’ perceptions of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation. The viability analysis, in terms of soil humidity and nitrogen, shows that the nitrogen stress is not a limiting factor for olive biomass production, but water stress is. This analysis provides numerical values for the maximum irrigation rate and total amount of irrigation water to ensure maximum olive production. It was found that the maximum irrigation could be 5.77 m3/day/ha and the total annual water requirement is 1240 m3/ha. Modeling appears to be an important tool to help local decision makers and to support and encourage local farmers to reuse treated wastewater under safe conditions and without environmental risks.

Published
2023
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3. Bacterial metabolic heterogeneity: from stochastic to deterministic models

Author

Carl Graham, Jérôme Harmand, Sylvie Méléard, and Josué Tchouanti

Subjects
diauxic growth, metabolic heterogeneity, stochastic model, deterministic model, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

We revisit the modeling of the diauxic growth of a pure microorganism on two distinct sugars which was first described by Monod. Most available models are deterministic and make the assumption that all cells of the microbial ecosystem behave homogeneously with respect to both sugars, all consuming the first one and then switching to the second when the first is exhausted. We propose here a stochastic model which describes what is called "metabolic heterogeneity". It allows to consider small populations as in microfluidics as well as large populations where billions of individuals coexist in the medium in a batch or chemostat. We highlight the link between the stochastic model and the deterministic behavior in real large cultures using a large population approximation. Then the influence of model parameter values on model dynamics is studied, notably with respect to the lag-phase observed in real systems depending on the sugars on which the microorganism grows. It is shown that both metabolic parameters as well as initial conditions play a crucial role on system dynamics.

Published
2020
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4. Assessment of the Impacts of Phyto-Remediation on Water Quality of the Litani River by Means of Two Wetland Plants (Sparganium erectum and Phragmites australis)

Author

Fadi Karam, Rachelle Haddad, Nabil Amacha, Wissam Charanek, and Jérôme Harmand

Subjects
water pollution, Litani River, constructed wetland, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pollutants removal, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

Water pollution from human activities is largely a result of the discharge of wastewater and industrial waste into rivers. Phytoremediation, the technique that uses plants to remove pollutants from the polluted waters, is a growing field of research because of its various environmental advantages. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a constructed wetland in removing pollutants and treating the polluted waters of the Litani River in Lebanon, by means of two aquatic plants, Phragmites australis and Sparganium erectum. Results showed that the levels of the physicochemical and biological parameters measured on water samples at downstream of the wetland were lower than those obtained at upstream. Results revealed that average removal efficiency was 41% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 54% for biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 97% for nitrate (NO3−), 40% for nitrite (NO2−), 67% for phosphate (PO43−), while it was negative (−62%) for sulfate (SO42−), indicating an increase in sulfate content in the treated effluent returning to the river. On the other hand, most of the effluent chemical and biological characteristics were within the provisional discharge limits of effluent to water body set by the Ministry of Environment (MoE) and Lebanese Wastewater Reuse Guidelines of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Statistical analyses also showed significant variations (p < 0.5) among the two sampling sites along the wetland. Our findings clearly demonstrate that phytoremediation is a viable solution to remove pollutants in a competitive environment and improve the quality of contaminated waters by acting as a sink for various contaminants. The gained experience may be scalable to other sites and environments across the country.

Published
2022
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5. Consideration of Maintenance in Wine Fermentation Modeling

Author

Alain Rapaport, Robert David, Denis Dochain, Jérôme Harmand, and Thibault Nidelet

Subjects
wine fermentation, nitrogen, mathematical modeling, population model, maintenance, variable yield, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

We show that a simple model with a maintenance term can satisfactorily reproduce the simulations of several existing models of wine fermentation from the literature, as well as experimental data. The maintenance describes a consumption of the nitrogen that is not entirely converted into biomass. We show also that considering a maintenance term in the model is equivalent to writing a model with a variable yield that can be estimated from data.

Published
2022
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6. Availability of the Molecular Switch XylR Controls Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Lag Duration during Escherichia coli Adaptation from Glucose to Xylose

Author

Manon Barthe, Josué Tchouanti, Pedro Henrique Gomes, Carine Bideaux, Delphine Lestrade, Carl Graham, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Sylvie Meleard, Jérôme Harmand, Nathalie Gorret, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, and Brice Enjalbert

Subjects
adaptation, Escherichia coli, subpopulations, heterogeneity, metabolic transition, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT The glucose-xylose metabolic transition is of growing interest as a model to explore cellular adaption since these molecules are the main substrates resulting from the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we investigated the role of the XylR transcription factor in the length of the lag phases when the bacterium Escherichia coli needs to adapt from glucose- to xylose-based growth. First, a variety of lag times were observed when different strains of E. coli were switched from glucose to xylose. These lag times were shown to be controlled by XylR availability in the cells with no further effect on the growth rate on xylose. XylR titration provoked long lag times demonstrated to result from phenotypic heterogeneity during the switch from glucose to xylose, with a subpopulation unable to resume exponential growth, whereas the other subpopulation grew exponentially on xylose. A stochastic model was then constructed based on the assumption that XylR availability influences the probability of individual cells to switch to xylose growth. The model was used to understand how XylR behaves as a molecular switch determining the bistability set-up. This work shows that the length of lag phases in E. coli is controllable and reinforces the role of stochastic mechanism in cellular adaptation, paving the way for new strategies for the better use of sustainable carbon sources in bioeconomy. IMPORTANCE For decades, it was thought that the lags observed when microorganisms switch from one substrate to another are inherent to the time required to adapt the molecular machinery to the new substrate. Here, the lag duration was found to be the time necessary for a subpopulation of adapted cells to emerge and become the main population. By identifying the molecular mechanism controlling the subpopulation emergence, we were able to extend or reduce the duration of the lags. This work is of special importance since it demonstrates the unexpected complexity of monoclonal populations during growth on mixed substrates and provides novel mechanistic insights with regard to bacterial cellular adaptation.

Published
2020
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7. Microbial Interactions as Drivers of a Nitrification Process in a Chemostat

Author

Pablo Ugalde-Salas, Héctor Ramírez C., Jérôme Harmand, and Elie Desmond-Le Quéméner

Subjects
microbal interactions, microbial growth rate, bifurcation analysis, generalized Lotka–Volterra, chemostat theory, optimal control, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

This article deals with the inclusion of microbial ecology measurements such as abundances of operational taxonomic units in bioprocess modelling. The first part presents the mathematical analysis of a model that may be framed within the class of Lotka–Volterra models fitted to experimental data in a chemostat setting where a nitrification process was operated for over 500 days. The limitations and the insights of such an approach are discussed. In the second part, the use of an optimal tracking technique (developed within the framework of control theory) for the integration of data from genetic sequencing in chemostat models is presented. The optimal tracking revisits the data used in the aforementioned chemostat setting. The resulting model is an explanatory model, not a predictive one, it is able to reconstruct the different forms of nitrogen in the reactor by using the abundances of the operational taxonomic units, providing some insights into the growth rate of microbes in a complex community.

Published
2021
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8. Batch Reverse Osmosis Desalination Modeling under a Time-Dependent Pressure Profile

Author

Abdeljalil Chougradi, François Zaviska, Ahmed Abed, Jérôme Harmand, Jamal-Eddine Jellal, and Marc Heran

Subjects
desalination, reverse osmosis, modeling, optimization, batch system, energy demand, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

Published
2021
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24. Les enjeux du Génie des Procédés pour la réutilisation des eaux usées traitées au sein du réseau REUSE d'INRAE – de la nécessité d'une approche pluridisciplinaire et multi-échelles

Author

Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Sami Bouarfa, Anne-Laure Collard, Christelle Guigui, Jérôme Labille, Rémi Lombard-Latune, Jean-Denis Mathias, Bruno Molle, Pascal Molle, Jaime Nivala, Dominique Patureau, Alain Rapaport, Nicolas Roche, Mathieu Sperandio, Severine Tomas, Jérôme Harmand, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Université Polytechnique Mohammed VI - Benguerir (UM6P), and Le projet NEREIDE bénéficie d'un financement de l'Institut Carnot Eau et Environnement. Les projets WoD et BIOROC bénéficient de financements de la Région Occitanie dans le cadre du défi clé WATER Occitanie, de la Fondation AGROPOLIS et d'INRAE

Subjects
réseau REUSE d'INRAE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, General Medicine, Génie des Procédés, eaux usées traitées
Abstract

International audience; The reuse of wastewater aims to mobilize and treat, for certain uses and under certain conditions, water that has already been used. Rather than discharging wastewater into the natural environment, this practice aims to recover it by replacing the mobilization of water withdrawn from the environment [van Loosdrecht and Brdjanovic, 2014]. By moving from a linear logic of the mobilization and use of water to a circular approach, the objective pursued is to reduce the pressure, qualitative then quantitative, on the resources while limiting, as far as possible, the usage conflicts. It is in fact a question of passing from a simple competitive mode which strongly mobilizes resources, to a complex mode, known as “circular”, of putting in complementarity of uses. This approach initially mainly concerned agricultural uses insofar as agricultural needs represent the majority of the water mobilized, including developed countries [UN Water 2018]. Cities integrate specific issues that are characterized by significantly different options from those that can be found in rural areas. In the city, the recovery of wastewater has both material aspects (water, nutrients, critical metals, biopolymers, etc.) and energy aspects (recovery of heat from the networks, production of energy by biological means and /or thermal,…) which should be integrated on an appropriate scale according to the problems addressed (housing, building, district, city, territory or hydrological basin). To study the conditions under which REUSE can develop and be implemented in a safe and sustainable manner, research is needed [Ait-Mouheb et al., 2018]. If it represents an opportunity in certain territories where wastewater can be mobilized, it is also necessary to underline the limits of this practice in territories where the wastewater discharged into the environment is necessary to maintain the low water levels of rivers and rivers, or where soils may be affected, for example, by the salinity of these waters. In addition, studies of the social, economic and environmental dimensions differ significantly depending on the uses envisaged and the situations considered. To meet these challenges, the REUSE network of INRAE (cf. www6.inrae.fr) proposes to adopt a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach by mobilizing not only the disciplines that can be considered as falling within the field of technologies and environmental engineering but also all of those relating to the human and social sciences, economics, legal, and participatory sciences.

Published
2023

30. GROWTH MODELS IN MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS - RESOURCE OR DENSITY DEPENDENCE?

Author

Jérôme Harmand

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Resource (biology), Density dependence, Natural resource economics, 010608 biotechnology, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 01 natural sciences, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

This paper aims at discussing the two main modeling schemes that are used to describe dynamically the growth of microbial ecosystems, that are resource and density-dependent growth functions, respectively. Monod has been the first to hypothesize that this growth is, before all, an increasing saturated function of the main limiting substrate concentration. Contois assumed that the growth is not only a function of the substrate but also of the biomass density-itself, and thus the name « density-dependent ». In re examining their respective experiments (species used, conditions of experiments, mode of reactor functioning, measurement techniques), we try to understand the engines for a density-dependent phenomenon to appear. In particular, we refer to recent experiments where it was shown that density-dependent appeared as soon as the biomass structures into flocs or in the presence of filamentous bacteria even at relatively low concentrations. Based on this historical review of data, it is shown that density-dependent kinetics is not systematically a question of biomass density but rather related to its structure within the medium and to the mobility of microbial cells.

Published
2021

37. Modeling and Optimal Control of an Electro-Fermentation Process within a Batch Culture

Author

Ihab Haidar, Elie Desmond-Le Quéméner, Jean-Pierre Barbot, Jérôme Harmand, Alain Rapaport, Laboratoire QUARTZ (QUARTZ ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-ISAE-Supméca Institut Supérieur de Mécanique de Paris (ISAE-Supméca), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), LBE-INRAE and the Research and Valorization Service (SRV) of ENSEA., Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-SUPMECA - Institut supérieur de mécanique de Paris (SUPMECA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Ecole Internationale des Sciences du Traitement de l'Information (EISTI), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
microbial electrochemical technologies, Process Chemistry and Technology, food and beverages, Bioengineering, bioprocess models, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, electro-fermentation, batch culture, optimal control, carbohydrates (lipids), Electro-fermentation, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; The electro-fermentation is a novel process that consists in coupling a microbial fermentative metabolism with an electrochemical system. In such a process the electrodes act either as electron sinks or sources modifying the fermentation balance of a microbial fermentative metabolism and provide new options for the control of microbial activity. A theoretical framework for the analysis and control of fermentations using electro-fermentation is currently lacking. In this paper, we propose a simple electro-fermentation model in which a population of fermentative bacteria switch between two metabolic behaviors in response to different electrode potentials. We then mathematically analyze optimal strategies to maximize the production of one of the rising products in a batch fermentation using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The obtained results show that, in some experimental configurations, a dynamic control of the electrode potential is required for the maximization of the desired product. Consequences of the obtained optimal strategy for driving electro-fermentation experiments are discussed through a realistic example. This analysis also highlights that the transition rates between fermentation and electro-fermentation behaviors are currently unknown and would be crucial to quantify in order to apply such a control approach.

Published
2022
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38. Consideration of maintenance in wine fermentation modelling

Author

Robert David, Dochain, Denis, Jérôme Harmand, Thibault Nidelet, and UCL - SST/ICTM/INMA - Pôle en ingénierie mathématique

Subjects
wine fermentation, nitrogen, mathematical modeling, population model, maintenance, variable yield
Abstract

We show that a simple model with a maintenance term can satisfactorily reproduce the simulations of several existing models of wine fermentation from the literature, as well as experimental data. The maintenance describes a consumption of the nitrogen that is not entirely converted into biomass. We show also that considering a maintenance term in the model is equivalent to writing a model with a variable yield that can be estimated from data.

Published
2022

44. Antiwindup Input–Output Linearization Strategy for the Control of a Multistage Continuous Fermenter With Input Constraints

Author

Jérôme Harmand, Alain Rapaport, Marc Perez, Jean-Marie Sablayrolles, Denis Dochain, Céline Casenave, UCL - SST/ICTM/INMA - Pôle en ingénierie mathématique, Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), 7th Framework Program of the European Union through the Computer-Aided Food Processes for Control Engineering Project-Large Collaborative Project : KBBE-2007-2-3-01, Caracterisation et elaboration des produits issus de l'agriculture (CEPIA) Division of French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Computer science, control design, Control variable, 02 engineering and technology, anti-windup, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Linearization, Control theory, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, cascade of reactors, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Process control, State observer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antiwindup, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Process (computing), Kalman filter, input-output linearization, Nonlinear system, wine fermentation, Control and Systems Engineering, Cascade, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], varying input constraints, cascade of reactors control design
Abstract

International audience; The present paper deals with the control of a Multi-Stage Continuous Fermenter (MSCF) used for the study of wine fermentation. The control design is facing three main difficulties: (1) system nonlinearity; (2) lack of on-line measurement of the controlled variable (sugar concentration); (3) positive constraints on the control inputs (inlet flow rates of each tank) coming from the cascade structure of the system. A control strategy has been proposed that accounts for these specificities. It is based on an input-output linearization control law coupled with an anti-windup technique and a state observer (Kalman filter). The strategy has been tested and validated first on numerical simulations and has then been applied to the real process. The experiments gave satisfactory results that open up new perspectives on the use of the MSCF.

Published
2020

45. Insights from Microbial Transition State Theory on Monod’s Affinity Constant

Author

Pablo Ugalde-Salas, Elie Desmond-Le Quéméner, Jérôme Harmand, Alain Rapaport, and Théodore Bouchez

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior
Abstract

Microbial transition state theory (MTS) offers a theoretically explicit mathematical model for substrate limited microbial growth. By considering a first order approximation of the MTS equation one recovers the well-known Monod’s expression for growth, which was regarded as a purely empirical function. The harvest volume of a cell as defined in MTS theory can then be related to the affinity concept, giving a new physical interpretation to it, and a new way to determine its value. Consequences of such a relationship are discussed.

Published
2020

46. Modelling hydrolysis: Simultaneous versus sequential biodegradation of the hydrolysable fractions

Author

Julie Jimenez, Damien J. Batstone, Ángel Robles, Aurora Seco, Fabrice Béline, Cyrille Charnier, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Mathieu Spérandio, Eberhard Morgenroth, Eric Latrille, Jérôme Harmand, Dominique Patureau, George Ekama, Mokhles Kouas, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Michel Torrijos, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioEnTech, Symbiose : Ecosystèmes microbiens et bioprocédés d’épuration et de valorisation (TBI-SYMBIOSE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Cape Town, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Universitat de València (UV), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EAWAG SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DUBENDORF SWE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ETH ZURICH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ZURICH SWE, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN ZAF, DEPARTAMENT D'ENGINYERIA QUIMICA UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA BURJASSOT VALENCIA ESP, and ADVANCED WATER MANAGEMENT CENTRE THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND AUS

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Biosolids, SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, BIODEGRADATION, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, TRITICUM AESTIVUM, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, NUMERICAL MODEL, SLUDGE DIGESTION, Bioreactors, METHANE, BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Anaerobiosis, Sequential model, PRIORITY JOURNAL, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CALIBRATION, Sewage, CONCENTRATION (PARAMETER), Chemistry, FRACTIONATION, ACID HYDROLYSIS, INCUBATION TIME, MODELLING, HYDROLYSIS, CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION, SEQUENTIAL DEGRADATION, Biodegradation, Environmental, WASTE TREATMENT, ORGANIC MATTER, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION MODEL, ADM1, SOLID WASTE, 020209 energy, MODELS, Fractionation, CAPACITY, Hydrolysis, DIGESTION, ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION, NONHUMAN, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, ARTICLE, MODEL SELECTION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, Models, Theoretical, SUBSTRATES, Biodegradation, SIMULTANEOUS DEGRADATION, HOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS, Anaerobic digestion, WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT, Activated sludge, APPLE, Degradation (geology)
Abstract

Hydrolysis is considered the limiting step during solid waste anaerobic digestion (including co-digestion of sludge and biosolids). Mechanisms of hydrolysis are mechanistically not well understood with detrimental impact on model predictive capability. The common approach to multiple substrates is to consider simultaneous degradation of the substrates. This may not have the capacity to separate the different kinetics. Sequential degradation of substrates is theoretically supported by microbial capacity and the composite nature of substrates (bioaccessibility concept). However, this has not been experimentally assessed. Sequential chemical fractionation has been successfully used to define inputs for an anaerobic digestion model. In this paper, sequential extractions of organic substrates were evaluated in order to compare both models. By removing each fraction (from the most accessible to the least accessible fraction) from three different substrates, anaerobic incubation tests showed that for physically structured substrates, such as activated sludge and wheat straw, sequential approach could better describe experimental results, while this was less important for homogeneous materials such as pulped fruit. Following this, anaerobic incubation tests were performed on five substrates. Cumulative methane production was modelled by the simultaneous and sequential approaches. Results showed that the sequential model could fit the experimental data for all the substrates whereas simultaneous model did not work for some substrates. © 2019

Published
2020

47. Bacterial metabolic heterogeneity: From stochastic to deterministic models

Author

Josué Tchouanti, Jérôme Harmand, Carl Graham, Sylvie Méléard, Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-18-CE43-0004,CHICHE,CATALYTIC VALORISATION OF HEMICELLULOSES IN AN INNOVATIVE COMPARTMENTED HETEROGENEOUS REACTOR(2018), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyse d’interactions stochastiques intelligentes et coopératives (ASCII), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-18-CE43-0004,CHICHE,Valorisation catalytique des hémicelluloses dans un réacteur compartimenté hétérogène et innovant(2018), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Stochastic modelling, Large population, 02 engineering and technology, Chemostat, deterministic model, Models, Biological, Model dynamics, 0502 economics and business, QA1-939, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Ecosystem, stochastic model, Mathematics, Stochastic Processes, Bacteria, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Metabolic heterogeneity, Applied Mathematics, 05 social sciences, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), metabolic heterogeneity, General Medicine, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, System dynamics, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Computational Mathematics, Diauxic growth, Model parameter, FOS: Biological sciences, Modeling and Simulation, diauxic growth, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biological system, TP248.13-248.65, 050203 business & management, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; We revisit the modeling of the diauxic growth of a pure microorganism on two distinct sugars which was first described by Monod. Most available models are deterministic and make the assumption that all cells of the microbial ecosystem behave homogeneously with respect to both sugars, all consuming the first one and then switching to the second when the first is exhausted. We propose here a stochastic model which describes what is called "metabolic heterogeneity". It allows to consider small populations as in microfluidics as well as large populations where billions of individuals coexist in the medium in a batch or chemostat. We highlight the link between the stochastic model and the deterministic behavior in real large cultures using a large population approximation. Then the influence of model parameter values on model dynamics is studied, notably with respect to the lag-phase observed in real systems depending on the sugars on which the microorganism grows. It is shown that both metabolic parameters as well as initial conditions play a crucial role on system dynamics.

Published
2020

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