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To explore the effect of tea polysaccharides on the gut microbiota and their short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolic products, we used the faecal microbiota to simulate the gut microbiota in vitro, and cultured them to obtain a preculture solution. Ultrapure water, tea polysaccharides, and glucose were added to the precultured solution for anaerobic fermentation. Samples of each group were harvested at 0, 6, 12, and 24th hour during fermentation to test the contents of the SCFAs. In addition, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyse the microbiota in the fermentation medium. Results showed that the faecal microbiota used tea polysaccharides to generate SCFAs. When compared with the fermentation group with the addition of ultrapure water, the group with the addition of tea polysaccharides increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. The relative abundances of Butyricimonas, Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale group, Ruminococcus 1, Lachnospira, and Parasutterella increased significantly at the genus level. Based on the LEfSe analysis of key microbiota at the genus level, significant differences between the groups were observed. It was clear that tea polysaccharides selectively enriched the microbiota to produce SCFAs, and the correlation between the SCFAs and faecal microbiota was confirmed.

We studied the degradation of vanillic acid in soil was studied by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Illumina MISEQ high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the abundance of bacteria and fungi in soil. The results showed that when the concentration of vanillic acid decreased to a certain level in the soil, its degradation rate became slow. The application of vanillic acid gradually decreased the total number of bacterial OTUs in soil, while the total number of fungal OTUs increased. At the same time, the richness and diversity of bacteria were always higher than fungi. Key microbial taxa at different degradation stages of vanillic acid were identified at the phylum and genus level, including bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Methylibium, Methylobacillus, Aeromicrobium, Pseudonocardia) and Fungi (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Rhodotorula, Mortierella

A proof of concept for using paper test as a suitable method in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is reported. The paper test which detects antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) using colloidal gold-labelled capsid protein as the antigen probe was applied exclusively in the screening of anti-PCV2 MAbs. It allowed the detection of 118 single cell clones within 30 min using naked eyes. MAbs with specific binding to authentic epitopes on the virus were selected using a blocking strategy in which the antibody was pre-incubated with PCV2 viral sample before applying to the test paper. Five hybridomas secreting MAbs against the capsid protein were obtained, with only three of them capable of binding to PCV2. The results were validated and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay. The paper test is simple, rapid, and independent on professional technicians and proves to be an excellent approach for the screening of MAbs against specific targets.

心脏作为人体内代谢最为活跃的器官之一，每日的收缩活动会消耗巨大的能量。由于心脏能量储备较少，且对能量缺乏的耐受能力很低，故多种病理生理因素均可造成心肌能量代谢障碍，最终导致心肌细胞的损伤或坏死。在心力衰竭（心衰）所致的心脏结构重构和电活动重构的基础上人们越来越关注心肌能量代谢重构。随着新型药物的研发、新研究结果的公布，心衰的治疗有了更多选择。该文对心肌能量代谢的特点及其与心衰关系的研究进展进行了综述，以期从能量代谢角度为心衰的药物治疗提供新思路。.

衰弱将是21世纪面临的最严峻的全球公共卫生问题之一。随着人口老龄化的加剧衰弱人数激增，给全球医疗保健系统带来了巨大的压力。心力衰竭是心脏病的“恶性肿瘤”，合并衰弱其不良事件发生率会显著增加，严重影响预后。值得注意的是，衰弱在一定程度上是可逆的，尽早发现存在衰弱的心力衰竭患者并进行干预至关重要。该文就心衰患者衰弱的定义、流行病学、发生机制、临床表现、筛查和评估、预后和识别、治理原则和管理进行了论述，以便临床上尽早识别合并衰弱的心力衰竭患者。临床医师应对心力衰竭合并衰弱予以重视。.

High-mobility electron gases in SrTiO3-based heterostructures have been mainly synthesized on single TiO2 terminated SrTiO3 substrates. Here, we show a high-mobility electron gas observed in a Sr2TiO4/SrTiO3 heterostructure based on an untreated SrTiO3 substrate with mixed termination, showing the mobility value up to 28 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 2 K. SrO–SrO vertical Ruddlesden–Popper faults in the Sr2TiO4 film provide escape channels for oxygen atoms under high temperatures, enabling the as-grown tuning of oxygen vacancies in the SrTiO3 layer during film deposition and reversible after-growth modulation in a thermal annealing process.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of the most common acute and critical diseases. SAP is often accompanied by necrosis of the pancreas and surrounding tissues.When necrosis is co-infected, it often means high mortality. With the development of endoscopic technology, endoscopic intervention in the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis has achieved good results, which has the advantages of minimal-invasiveness, effectiveness, and safety, and could significantly improve the prognosis of patients with SAP. This article aims to review the research progress of endoscopic treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis.重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）是临床常见的急危重症之一，SAP常合并有胰腺及周围组织的坏死，当坏死合并感染时，往往意味着病死率明显增加。随着内镜技术的发展，通过内镜干预治疗胰腺感染性坏死取得良好疗效，具有微创、有效、安全的优势，能明显地改善SAP患者的预后。本文对于内镜治疗SAP感染性坏死的研究进展进行阐述。.

目的 观察嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CART）序贯二次异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗移植后复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2020年6月在河北燕达陆道培医院接受二次allo-HSCT的41例B-ALL患者的临床资料，入选患者均为移植后骨髓形态学或髓外复发且二次移植前接受CART治疗。 结果 全部41例患者中男21例、女20例，二次移植时中位年龄为16（3～46）岁。移植后骨髓复发31例（75.6％）、髓外复发5例（12.2％）、骨髓和髓外复发5例（12.2％）。复发后接受CD19-CART治疗35例（85.4％）、CD22-CART治疗2例（4.9％）、CD19-CART联合CD22-CART治疗4例（9.8％）。二次移植后预期3年总生存（OS）率为48.9％（95％ CI 23.0％～70.6％）、无白血病生存（LFS）率为41.8％（95％ CI 17.3％～64.9％），累积复发率（RI）为8.8％（95％ CI 2.9％～26.4％），非复发相关死亡率（NRM）为51.1％（95％ CI 31.2％～83.6％）。首次移植后复发时间≤6个月组（10例）二次移植后1年OS率低于复发时间>6个月组（31例）［45.0％（95％ CI 12.7％～73.5％）对75.0％（95％ CI 51.4％～88.8％），P＝0.017］。 结论 CART序贯二次allo-HSCT可使部分造血干细胞移植后复发B-ALL患者获得长生存，但NRM较高，移植方案有待进一步改进。

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In this paper, boron-doped dense 6H-SiC ceramics was fabricated by the high-temperature physical vapor transport (HTPVT) method. The effect of B doping on the crystal structure stability of 6H-SiC was investigated based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that B doping can be realized even under thermodynamical equilibrium conditions. Nevertheless, it is found that the B doping effects on the (0001) of Si-plane and (000-1) of C-plane are significantly different. The doping experiments demonstrated that B can observably change the crystal growth morphology, leading to the formation of elongated 6H-SiC crystals.

Refractory or relapsed B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients have a dismal outcome with current therapy. We treated 42 primary refractory/hematological relapsed (R/R) and 9 refractory minimal residual disease by flow cytometry (FCM-MRD+) B-ALL patients with optimized second generation CD19-directed CAR-T cells. The CAR-T-cell infusion dosages were initially ranged from 0.05 to 14 × 105/kg and were eventually settled at 1 × 105/kg for the most recent 20 cases. 36/40 (90%) evaluated R/R patients achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi), and 9/9 (100%) FCM-MRD+ patients achieved MRD-. All of the most recent 20 patients achieved CR/CRi. Most cases only experienced mild to moderate CRS. 8/51 cases had seizures that were relieved by early intervention. Twenty three of twenty seven CR/CRi patients bridged to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remained in MRD- with a median follow-up time of 206 (45-427) days, whereas 9 of 18 CR/CRi patients without allo-HCT relapsed. Our results indicate that a low CAR-T-cell dosage of 1 × 105/kg, is effective and safe for treating refractory or relapsed B-ALL, and subsequent allo-HCT could further reduce the relapse rate.

洋地黄类药物历史悠久，是治疗心力衰竭（心衰）和心律失常最古老的药物，曾经广泛应用于临床。为帮助我国广大临床医生合理、规范的使用洋地黄类药物，中华医学会心血管病学分会、中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会组织专家，根据国内外临床研究证据，参考最新相关指南，结合我国国情及临床实践，撰写了《洋地黄类药物临床应用中国专家共识》，对洋地黄类药物的药理机制、临床研究证据、适应证、禁忌证、使用方法等进行了全面和清晰的介绍。共识有助于提高临床医生合理使用洋地黄类药物的能力，从而最终使患者获益。.

心力衰竭（心衰）是心血管疾病防控的最后战场，其给社会带来了沉重的公共卫生及经济负担。在过去的5年里，中国心衰的防控取得了长足的进步，陆续发布、更新多部心衰相关指南与专家共识，并在全国范围内大力推广，以促进医务人员遵循指南，进行多学科合作，以患者为中心优化心衰管理，加强基层医师培训，推行分级诊疗和双向转诊模式等。在未来5~10年，在心衰的诊断和评估、新药的研发、器械和手术治疗、运动康复、细胞治疗、基因治疗、老年心衰的诊治疗等方面我们可以有所作为。.

To explore whether microRNA-579-3P was involved in the development of osteoporosis, and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms.The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of microRNA-579-3P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in serum samples of osteoporosis patients and normal controls were detected by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Meanwhile, the expressions of the above genes during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were examined as well. To investigate the effect of microRNA-579-3P on osteogenesis, microRNA-579-3P was overexpressed and knocked down in hMSCs. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, such as ALP, RUNX2 and BSP, were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. In addition, ALP activity and mineralization forming ability were evaluated by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. Bioinformatics predicted that Sirt1 was the target gene of microRNA-579-3P. Subsequent luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the binding relationship of microRNA-579-3P to Sirt1. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1, respectively. After overexpression of microRNA-579-3P and Sirt1, qRT-PCR, Western blot, ALP staining and alizarin red staining assays were performed to detect the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.The expression of microRNA-579-3P in serum of patients with osteoporosis was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Meanwhile, the expression of microRNA-579-3P decreased gradually during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Overexpression of microRNA-579-3P significantly reduced the expressions of osteogenic related genes, including ALP, RUNX2 and BSP. Besides, ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation ability decreased obviously as well. Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that microRNA-579-3P could bind to Sirt1. After overexpression of microRNA-579-3P, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 were significantly reduced, which were reversed after silence of microRNA-579-3P. Simultaneous overexpression of microRNA-579-3P and Sirt1 could reverse the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs caused by overexpression of microRNA-579-3P alone.MicroRNA-579-3P could inhibit osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by regulating Sirt1, thereby promoting the development of osteoporosis.

目的 探讨同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的急性髓系白血病（AML）患者的临床特征及转归。 方法 回顾性分析34例同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者的临床资料，比较化疗、化疗加靶向药物治疗及allo-HSCT的疗效及影响因素。 结果 34例同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者占同期住院AML患者的2.02%。入院时WBC>30×109/L的患者占63.6%，其中WBC>50×109/L者占39.4%。FAB亚型中以M5比例最高，占35.3%，染色体核型异常者达63.6%，其中复杂异常占12.1%。34例患者中仅有FLT3-ITD及MLL基因异常（双基因异常）者11例（32.4%），具FLT3及MLL以外的1种及1种以上的基因异常（多基因异常）者23例（67.6%）。34例患者2个疗程完全缓解（CR）率为29.4%，7例（20.6%）化疗≥3个疗程后CR，CR患者的早期复发率为52.9%。WBC>50×109/L以及多基因异常的患者2个疗程CR率较低（7.7%、5.4%），其中具有3种以上基因异常的患者无一例CR。34例患者2年总生存（OS）率为28.8%（95%CI 13.5%~46.0%），2年无病生存（DFS）率为27.1%（95% CI 12.5%~44.0%）。18例仅使用化疗或化疗加靶向药物治疗的患者，17例在2年内死亡，1例放弃治疗后失访。接受allo-HSCT治疗的患者3年OS率为43.4%（95%CI 13.7%~70.4%），3年DFS率为42.7%（95% CI 13.4%~69.7%）。 结论 同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者FAB分型以M5多见，常伴高白细胞血症、细胞遗传学异常及多基因异常。患者化疗缓解率低，早期复发率高，长期生存率低。高白细胞血症、多基因异常可能是此类患者疗效差的重要原因，allo-HSCT可改善患者的转归。

Storage reliability is of importance for the products that largely stay in storage in their total life-cycle such as warning systems for harmful radiation detection, rescue systems, many kinds of d ...

Water ecological carrying capacity (WECC) refers to the ability of a water ecosystem to support and withstand economic and social development. WECC assessments can provide helpful information for resolving water issues. Since WECC involves a wide range of influence factors, indicator-based methods are useful tools for this type of evaluation. However, there are still some imperfections in the existing indicator-based methods for WECC evaluation, primarily in the aspects of index frameworks, indicator selection and evaluation criteria. Based on the pressure-support force-state index framework, this paper presents an indicator-based WECC evaluation method (PSSM). Using PSSM, overall WECC evaluation can be obtained by assessing the pressure of socio-economic development on the water ecosystem, the support from the water ecosystem for human development, and the health status of the water ecosystem. PSSM is directly focused on the pressure-support effect, and fully considers the determinant influence on WECC of the health status of the water ecosystem. The application of PSSM in Tieling City shows that further reduction in the pressure that comes from socio-economic development is still required, and the health status of the water ecosystem should be further improved.

The susceptibility to glioma is not well understood. It has been suggested that the X-ray cross complementing group 3 (XRCC3) gene influences the capacity to repair DNA damage, leading to increased glioma susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between XRCC3 mutations and glioma risk. Genotypes were assessed in 389 Chinese glioma patients and 358 healthy controls. XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539) and 2 additional polymorphisms, rs3212112 (c.774+19T>G) and rs1799796 (c.562-14A>G), were directly sequenced. The frequency of the rs861539 T allele was significantly lower in the glioma group than in healthy controls [11.1 vs 17.7%, odds ratio = 0.62 (0.48-0.80), P < 0.001]; the frequencies of the CT or CT+TT genotypes differed between groups (18.5 vs 31%, 20.3 vs 33.2%, respectively). The frequency of the rs3212112 G allele was significantly higher in the glioma group than in healthy controls [15.8 vs 5.3%, odds ratio = 2.94 (2.07-4.17), P < 0.001]. The frequencies of the GT or TG+GG genotypes differed between groups (25.4 vs 7.8%, 28.5 vs 9.2%, respectively). This study demonstrates that the rs861539 and rs3212112 polymorphisms in the XRCC3 gene may influence the risk of glioma development in Chinese populations.

Processors used in wireless and ad hoc networks bring more strict requirements on performance and power consumption. The hardware and software need to coordinate more efficiently to meet such requirements. With the rapid development of semi-conductor technology, more memory can be integrated into the processor. ScratchPad Memory (SPM) is a kind of the on-chip memory, is a SRAM based memory with fast response, small on-chip area and low power consumption. It is still a big challenge on how to take advantages of SPM because SPM must be explicitly used by software to achieve high performance. This paper proposes a novel methodology to share SPM during multiprograms. The applications are analyzed and memory objects are generated. During the executions, multi-programs can share SPM through these memory objects. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce both the execution time and the energy consumption effectively.

The large-scale commissioning of combined heat and power unit leads to difficulty of peak regulation and wind consumption, and combined heat and power optimized dispatch is one of effective ways to solve this problem. Under existing optimized dispatch models of combined heat and power system, pre-decided unit commitment scheme may cause a large amount of wind curtailment because of excessive operating units and total minimum technical output of units. In view of these problems, through combination of unit commitment and optimized dispatch, an optimized dispatch model of combined heat and power system unit commitment considering heating network characteristics is established. Similarities and differences of heat and power energy transmission are analyzed, heat load partition balance equation as well as positive and negative spinning reserve constrains of thermal system partition are established, and influence of heating network characteristics, including time delay and heat loss, on unit commitment scheme and wind curtailment is studied. A numerical example shows that heating network characteristics influence unit commitment scheme (one unit shuts down an hour ahead and starts up an hour later). Besides, it shows that while meeting power and heat load demand, the model of this paper can timely start up or shut down units according to load change and spinning reserve demand, reduce total minimum technical output of operating units to 632.4 MW, and further improve wind power accommodation quantity to 3410.24 MW·h.

This paper aims at showing that the class of augmented Lagrangian functions for nonlinear semidefinite programming problems can be derived, as a particular case, from a nonlinear separation scheme in the image space associated with the given problem. By means of the image space analysis, a global saddle point condition for the augmented Lagrangian function is investigated. It is shown that the existence of a saddle point is equivalent to a regular nonlinear separation of two suitable subsets of the image space. Without requiring the strict complementarity, it is proved that, under second order sufficiency conditions, the augmented Lagrangian function admits a local saddle point. The existence of global saddle points is then obtained under additional assumptions that do not require the compactness of the feasible set. Motivated by the result on global saddle points, we propose two modified primal-dual methods based on the augmented Lagrangian using different strategies and prove their convergence to a global solution and the optimal value of the original problem without requiring the boundedness condition of the multiplier sequence.

This randomized phase II study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel with S-1 (PS) vs. S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Eighty-two (82) patients were 1:1 randomly assigned to oral S-1 (daily for 2 weeks, every 4 weeks’ cycle) or S-1 (daily for 2 weeks, every 4 weeks’ cycle) plus paclitaxel (on day 1, 8 and 15 of a 4 weeks’ cycle). S-1 was orally administered with a fixed quantity according to body surface area (BSA), while paclitaxel was given 60 mg/m2 i.v. daily through an implanted catheter. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall responsible rates and safety. The median OS with PS versus S-1 monotherapy was 14.0 versus 11.0 months (P = 0.02), survival at 12 months was 61.0 % in the PS group and 46.3 % in the S-1 group. Median PFS was also significantly longer in the PS group (6.0 months) than in the S-1 group (4.0 months). The overall response rate was determined in 82 evaluable patients, and was significantly higher (P = 0.04) with PS (19 patients, 46.3 %) than with S-1 monotherapy (10 patients, 24.4 %). PS was well tolerated with no treatment-related deaths, all were grade 3–4 gastrointestinal toxicities, including anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea developed in less than 10 % of the patients. Combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel with S-1 is well tolerated and active in AGC patients. Further investigation with comparative trials is needed for confirmation.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has become an important minimally invasive interventional technique for the treatment of complications of cirrhotic portal hypertension, and currently, it is often used in cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB), intractable ascites, hepatic hydrothorax, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. On one hand, TIPS can effectively reduce portal vein pressure and the risk of EVB and intractable ascites; on the other hand, it may reduce the blood flow in liver perfusion, aggravate liver impairment, and cause porto-systemic encephalopathy. Related influencing factors should be evaluated comprehensively in order to prevent the development of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy. The diagnosis and treatment of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy is still a great challenge in current clinical practice. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy to enhance people's knowledge of this disease.

A novel back-propagation AutoRegressive with eXternal input (BP-ARX) combination model is constructed for model predictive control (MPC) of MIMO nonlinear systems, whose steady-state relation between inputs and outputs can be obtained. The BP neural network represents the steady-state relation, and the ARX model represents the linear dynamic relation between inputs and outputs of the nonlinear systems. The BP-ARX model is a global model and is identified offline, while the parameters of the ARX model are rescaled online according to BP neural network and operating data. Sequential quadratic programming is employed to solve the quadratic objective function online, and a shift coefficient is defined to constrain the effect time of the recursive least-squares algorithm. Thus, a parameter varying nonlinear MPC (PVNMPC) algorithm that responds quickly to large changes in system set-points and shows good dynamic performance when system outputs approach set-points is proposed. Simulation results in a multivariab...

SummaryBackground The breakdown of immune tolerance plays a critical role in allergic disorders; the mechanism of breaching immune tolerance remains largely unknown. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the interference of the immune tolerance in the nasal mucosa. Methods The immune tolerant components, tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), were assessed in the surgically removed nasal mucosa from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) or non-AR chronic rhinitis. The contents of SEB and integrin alphavbeta6 (avb6) in the nasal epithelium were assessed using enzyme-linked immunoassay. The ability of avb6 on TolDC induction and the effect of SEB on suppression of avb6 in nasal epithelial cells were observed in cell culture. Results Compared with that in the non-AR nasal mucosa, the frequencies of TolDCs/Tregs were lower, the contents of SEB were higher and the contents of avb6 were lower in the AR nasal mucosa. Avb6 had the ability to induce the development of TolDCs in vitro; the latter had the ability to induce Treg development. The expression of avb6 was detected in nasal epithelial cells in culture that could be suppressed by SEB. Conclusions and clinical relevance The components of immune tolerance machinery, TolDCs and Tregs were suppressed in the AR nasal mucosa. The increases in SEB and decreases in avb6 in nasal epithelium are associated with the compromises of immune tolerance in the nasal mucosa. SEB has the ability to suppress the expression of avb6 in nasal epithelial cells.

W-N and Ta-N films were fabricated using radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering in a mixture, of Ar and N(2). The effect of nitrogen partial pressure (p(N2/)p(tot)) on the structure, morphology, and hardness of Ta-N and W-N films has been investigated comparatively. Dependent upon p(N2)/p(tot), the crystalline structure of W-N films changes from a single bcc alpha-W(N) phase to a mixture of alpha-W(N) and fcc beta-W(2)N phases at first, and then to a single fcc beta-W(2)N phase. In contrast, the crystalline structure of Ta-N changes initially from a single fcc-TaN phase to a mixture of fcc-TaN phase and orthorhombic Ta(3)N(5) phase, and then to a single orthorhombic Ta(3)N(5) phase. The hardness of W-N and Ta-N films increases gradually at first and then decreases slightly with increasing N(2) partial pressure after passing a maximum at the nitrogen partial pressure corresponding to the appearance of mixed phases.