Search

The prevalence of chronic health conditions is increasing, with over half the current workforce attempting to manage one or more chronic conditions. The Live Healthy, Work Healthy (LHWH) program is a version of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program translated to the workplace, with the goal of improving and sustaining the health, well-being, and productivity of employees living with chronic health conditions. Using organizational support theory as a theoretical framework and a clustered randomized controlled trial design, this article demonstrates how the LHWH program positively impacts work-related quality of life, orientations toward the organization, and organizational cognitions and behaviors. Participants in the program experienced increases in perceived organizational support (POS), with a large intervention effect. Direct intervention effects were also found for burnout, work engagement, work ability, affective organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Within-person changes in POS during the intervention was a key mechanism through which participants of the program experienced changes in organizationally relevant outcomes. Finally, offering the program on work time strengthened these effects indirectly through greater changes in POS during the intervention period. This article provides evidence to researchers and organizational decision-makers that offering the LHWH program not only improves the health and well-being of employees but also improves important organizational outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A profound need currently exists in the United States for increased student interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) -based careers. Our study focused on how students conceptualized their motivation to learn contextualized science via agricultural science while viewed through the lens of both social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, 2001) and Azjen’s theory of planned behavior (1991). Our non-experimental, descriptive study focused on students enrolled in either an undergraduate-level animal science or plant science course. The questionnaire used for this study was a modified version of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II). The SMQ II has been found to have adequate content validity and criterion-related validity. The science motivation scales with the highest reported average mean scores were grade motivation, career motivation, and intrinsic motivation. The self-determination and self-efficacy scales received lower ratings from the students.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) represent one of the most important models for preclinical studies of novel biomedical interventions. In contrast with small animal models, however, widespread utilization of NHPs is restricted by cost, logistics, and availability. Therefore, we sought to develop a translational primatized mouse model, akin to a humanized mouse, to allow for high-throughput in vivo experimentation leveraged to inform large animal immunology-based studies. We found that adult rhesus macaque mobilized blood (AMb) CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) engrafted at low but persistent levels in immune-deficient mice harboring transgenes for human (NHP cross-reactive) GM-CSF and IL3, but did not in mice with wild-type murine cytokines lacking NHP cross-reactivity. To enhance engraftment, fetal liver-derived HSPCs were selected as the infusion product based on an increased CD34hi fraction compared with AMb and bone marrow. Coupled with cotransplantation of rhesus fetal thymic fragments beneath the mouse kidney capsule, fetal liver-derived HSPC infusion in cytokine-transgenic mice yielded robust multilineage lymphohematopoietic engraftment. The emergent immune system recapitulated that of the fetal monkey, with similar relative frequencies of lymphocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte subsets within the thymic, secondary lymphoid, and peripheral compartments. Importantly, while exhibiting a predominantly naïve phenotype, in vitro functional assays demonstrated robust cellular activation in response to nonspecific and allogenic stimuli. This primatized mouse represents a viable and translatable model for the study of hematopoietic stem cell physiology, immune development, and functional immunology in NHPs. Summary Sentence : Engraftment of rhesus macaque hematopoietic tissues in immune-deficient mice yields a robust BLT/NeoThy-type primatized mouse model for studying nonhuman primate hematopoiesis and immune function in vivo.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by canonical molybdenum and complementary vanadium, and iron-only nitrogenase isoforms is the primary natural source of newly fixed nitrogen. Understanding controls on global nitrogen cycling requires knowledge of the isoform responsible for environmental BNF. The isotopic acetylene reduction assay (ISARA), which measures carbon stable isotope (13C/12C) fractionation between ethylene and acetylene in acetylene reduction assays, is one of the few methods that can quantify BNF flux by different nitrogenase isoforms. Widespread application of classical ISARA has been limited because high ethylene concentrations (>500 ppmv) are required but environmental BNF activity is often too low. Here we describe a high sensitivity method to measure ethylene δ13C by in-line coupling of ethylene preconcentration to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EPCon-GC-C-IRMS). Ethylene requirements in ISARA samples with 10% v/v background acetylene are reduced from >500 ppmv to ~20 ppmv (~2 ppm with prior offline chemical removal of acetylene). To increase robustness by reducing calibration error, we use ethylene generated by single nitrogenase-isoform Azotobacter vinelandii mutants from acetylene also used in environmental assays. We apply the new Low BNF activity ISARA (LISARA) method to soils, leaf litter, decaying wood, and termite samples with low nitrogen-fixing activity to demonstrate environmental applicability.

Scholarly interest in workaholism has increased dramatically in recent years. This research has underscored the detrimental effects of workaholism for employees, their families, and the organizations that employ them. Despite drastic improvements in the quality of studies examining workaholism over the past several decades, researchers continue to almost exclusively rely on older measures of workaholism or new measures derived from these original measures. In the present study, we outline why a new measure is needed and propose a multidimensional conceptualization of workaholism that encompasses motivational, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. We then develop and validate a new multidimensional measure of workaholism: the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS). Evidence from 5 samples representing individuals working in a wide variety of occupations and industries throughout the United States (total N = 1,252) provides support that (a) our proposed 4-factor structure replicates and fits better than alternative models; (b) the measure demonstrates high reliability and content validity; (c) the measure demonstrates evidence for convergent and discriminant validity with constructs in workaholism's nomological network; (d) the measure demonstrates incremental validity in the prediction of important outcomes over and above prior measures of workaholism; and (e) the different dimensions demonstrate incremental validity in the prediction of specific outcomes over and above other dimensions of the MWS. Overall, results from the present study suggest that the MWS is a reliable and valid measure that can advance a more nuanced approach to research and practice relating to workaholism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of appraisals in three stressor–well-being relationships: (1) the mediating role of challenge appraisals in the relationship between daily skill demands and daily work engagement, (2) the mediating role of hindrance appraisals in the relationship between daily interruptions and daily depletion and (3) the mediating role of threat appraisals in the relationship between daily emotional demands and daily anxiety. We also examined the moderating influence of conscientiousness on the daily skill demands–challenge appraisal relationship, the moderating role of extraversion on the daily interruptions–hindrance appraisal relationship and the moderating influence of neuroticism on the daily emotional demands–threat appraisal relationship. Supplemental analyses also examined the moderating influence of the aforementioned personality traits on the respective direct effects of stressors on well-being outcomes.Design/methodology/approachWe tested our hypotheses using a 5-days experience sampling design in a sample of 114 working adults and employed multilevel modeling.FindingsAll hypothesized mediating mechanisms were supported, however, the majority of moderation hypotheses were not supported.Originality/valueWe sought to extend the relatively recent advancement in the challenge–hindrance framework to provide additional evidence of the utility of distinguishing between challenge, hindrance and threat stressors. Although not supported, this is the one of the first papers to test the moderating influence of personality traits on the stressor–appraisal relationship.

International audience; The Upper Cretaceous sedimentary sequence at International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1512 in the Ceduna Sub-basin of the Great Australian Bight represents a continuous, > 690 m thick interval of black silty clay and claystone spanning the lower Turonian through Lower Campanian (~10 million years). Sediments were deposited in an elongate, ~E-W oriented, ~2500 km long rift system that developed between Australia and Antarctica with an open-ocean connection to the west and a continental bridge to the east. Site U1512 cores provide a unique, continuous record of Late Cretaceous deposition in the Ceduna Sub-basin on the hanging wall of the Wallaroo Fault Zone. Study of U1512 samples could provide both an important high-latitude, southern hemisphere perspective on climatic evolution during the peak and demise of the Cretaceous hothouse and an offshore record of the sedimentation history in the basin during the Late Cretaceous portion of the Gondwanan breakup. The Upper Cretaceous sequence at Site U1512 is notable for its lithologic uniformity. Burrow-mottled to massive claystone and silty claystone make up the majority of the almost 700 m section, while rare (n = 28) isolated, 2 to 21 cm thick medium to fine sandstone beds are a minor lithology. Macrofossils present include common inoceramids and rare occurrences of other bivalves and ammonites. Microfossils include common occurrences of calcareous nannofossils, agglutinated and calcareous benthic foraminifera, radiolaria and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as well as rare small, surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera. Carbonate (

This work served as the second part of a study evaluating the effect of calcination temperature (700–1000 °C) on Ni-based lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore catalysts for methane steam reforming. A previous study (Haynes et al. Ceram. Int. 2017 (43) 16744) provided a thorough characterization of the material properties for the catalysts used here, and this study focuses on the evaluation of catalytic activity. The activity was assessed by two different experimental studies: the effect of reaction temperature using a temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR), and the effect of reaction pressure. The results demonstrate a complex interaction between the Ni particles and surface LaOx species under the methane steam reforming conditions. Specifically, the material calcined at the lowest temperature (700 °C) possesses the highest activity and selectivity, which is attributed to smaller and more well-dispersed Ni particles on the surface, and, more importantly, a lesser degree La enrichment at the surface. All catalysts were deactivated by steam to NiO under all conditions tested, but at certain low reaction pressure (p = 0.23 MPa) conditions the materials calcined at 700–900 °C are able to completely recover equilibrium activity in-situ that is then robust and stable under both low and high reaction pressures (p = 1.8 MPa) suggesting the formation of a synergistic relationship between Ni and La for syngas production. However, exposure of a fresh material to high reaction pressures leads to a rapid and irreversible loss in both CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity whether in the fresh (no pretreatment), or pretreated (steam, H2 or Ar only at 800 °C) form for any catalyst. The mechanism for deactivation appears to be due to the presence of LaOx species that become mobile, possibly by the formation of La–OH, and covers the active Ni particles and inhibits sites responsible for the CH4 decomposition.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been shown to alter aspects of plant growth, but we are not aware of any studies that have examined whether the effects of ALAN on plants depend upon the backdrop of variation in other abiotic factors that plants encounter in field populations. We conducted a field experiment to investigate whether ALAN affects the growth and anti-herbivore defenses of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, and whether the effects of ALAN are influenced by plant density or soil moisture content. Artificial light at night, soil moisture, and plant density were manipulated according to a split-plot factorial design. Although increasing soil moisture by watering had no significant effects on latex exudation, attributes of plant growth generally responded positively to watering. The basal stem diameter (BSD) and height of plants were affected by ALAN × soil moisture interactions. For both of these variables, the positive effects of ALAN were greater for plants that were not watered than for plants that were. Basal stem diameter was also affected by an ALAN × plant density interaction, and the positive effect of ALAN on BSD was greater in the low-density treatment than in the high-density treatment. Our results demonstrate that the effects of ALAN on plant growth can be altered by soil moisture and plant density. Consequently, the effects of ALAN on plants in nature may not be consistent with existing frameworks that do not account for critical abiotic variables such as water availability or biotic interactions between plants such as competition.

The causes of spatial synchrony in population dynamics are often elusive. We review how recent advances have enhanced understanding of the causes of the spatial synchrony of insect populations and revealed previously underappreciated complexities in patterns of synchrony. We highlight how regional-scale studies of population genetic structure have helped elucidate the role of dispersal in population synchronization and how novel data-analytic approaches have revealed variation in spatial synchrony across timescales and geographies and the underlying drivers. We also stress the limited current understanding of the impacts of climate change on the spatial synchrony of insect populations and the potential ramifications of these effects for pest management as well as species conservation.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a microscopy technique that uses a sharp probe to trace a sample surface at nanometer resolution. For biological applications, one of its key advantages is its ability to visualize the substructure of single molecules and molecular complexes in an aqueous environment. Here, we describe the application of AFM to determine the secondary and tertiary structure of surface-bound DNA, and its interactions with proteins.

Geochemical data suggest that ocean circulation patterns changed over a period of long-term cooling during the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian). Proposed changes include enhanced deep-water formation in the South Atlantic and/or Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, initiation or enhanced deep-water formation in the North Atlantic, and alternating regions of deep convection in the North and South Pacific. Existing geochemical data do not allow simple confirmation or rejection of any of these scenarios. To test Pacific circulation during the Maastrichtian, we measured neodymium isotopic (εNd) values from four Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites and compare results both to Earth system model simulations using Maastrichtian paleogeography and to previous studies. Pacific εNd results consistently show a small negative εNd excursion during a well-documented, ∼1–3 m.y. early Maastrichtian cooling pulse (EMCP) but no other consistent trends across the late Campanian–late Maastrichtian interval (∼10 m.y.). Model results show that different CO2 forcings lead to changes in rates, but not patterns, of circulation. These combined results support the existence of a sustained source region for intermediate and deep waters in the southwestern Pacific throughout the late Campanian–Maastrichtian and indicate that changes in εNd values during the EMCP reflect an increased rate of overturning in the Pacific rather than changes in the source area of Pacific bottom waters.

Background:Prevention and management of end-organ disease represent major challenges facing providers of children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Uncertainty and variability in the screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary and renal complications in SCD lead to varying outcomes for affected individuals.Objective:These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary and renal complications of SCD.Methods:ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel that included 2 patient representatives and was balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Research Program supported the guideline development process, including performing systematic evidence reviews up to September 2017. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE evidence-to-decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment.Results:The panel agreed on 10 recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary and renal complications of SCD. Recommendations related to anticoagulation duration for adults with SCD and venous thromboembolism were also developed.Conclusions:Most recommendations were conditional due to a paucity of direct, high-quality evidence for outcomes of interest. Future research was identified, including the need for prospective studies to better understand the natural history of cardiopulmonary and renal disease, their relationship to patient-important outcomes, and optimal management.

The study was initiated to evaluate constructed wetland technology as a method for treating alkaline (pH 8.0-8.6) drainage high in Al, Mo, V, As and Ga originating from bauxite residue storage areas. Pilot-scale horizontal flow constructed wetlands were operated over a 40-week period using three filter materials (granitic gravel, bauxite and alum water treatment sludge), and half of the wetlands were planted with Phragmites australis and the other half left unplanted. Gravel was the least effective medium for removing the target elements, while of the two active media, water treatment sludge was more effective than bauxite. Plants removed only small amounts of elements into their above- and below-ground dry matter (0.4-4.9% of that added). Nonetheless, the presence of plants greatly increased the effectiveness of all three media since their presence decreased effluent pH values by 0.5-1.3 pH units and that of the filter media by 0.4 pH units. Removal of elements followed the order Al > Ga > V > As > Mo. For planted wetlands, total elemental removal ranged from 18 to 98% for gravel, 80 to 99% for bauxite, and 93 to 99% for water treatment sludge. The lowest removal was for Mo (ranging from 18% for gravel to 93% for water treatment sludge) and the highest for Al (ranging from 98% in gravel to 99% in water treatment sludge). A sequential fractionation scheme for As, V and Mo on filter material at the end of the experiment showed that for bauxite and water treatment sludge, V and As were concentrated in the NaOH extractable fraction while Mo was concentrated in the less strongly adsorbed NaHCO3 extractable fraction. It was concluded that a constructed wetland with water treatment sludge as an active filter material is an effective technology for removal of the target elements from the alkali drainage.

Pyrochlores are thermally stable materials that can be doped with a metal to produce active catalyst for dry reforming of methane (DRM). La1.95Sr0.05Zr1.904Ni0.096O7–d (LSNZ1) and La1.95Sr0.05Zr1.4...

The Workplace Health Group (WHG) was established in 1998 to conduct research on worker health and safety and organizational effectiveness. This multidisciplinary team includes researchers with backgrounds in psychology, health promotion and behavior, and intervention design, implementation, and evaluation. The article begins with a brief history of the team, its guiding principles, and stages of team formation and development. This section provides examples of the roles, team composition, structure, processes, cognition, leadership, and climate played in the various stages of team development, as well as how they influenced team effectiveness. The WHG formed with functional diversity-variety in knowledge, skills, and abilities-in mind, and the impact of this diversity is discussed throughout the article. Illustrations of how the functional diversity of the WHG has led to real-world impact are provided. The article concludes with some lessons learned and recommendations for creating and sustaining multidisciplinary teams based on the WHG's 20 years of experience and the team science literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Although spatial variation in climate can directly affect the survival and reproduction of forest insects and the tree species compositions of forests, little is known about the indirect effects of climate on outbreaks of forest insects through its effects on forest composition. In this study, we use structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of climate, water capacity of the soil, host tree density, and non-host density on the spatial extent of Lymantria dispar outbreaks in the Eastern USA over a period of 44 years (1975-2018). Host species were subdivided into four taxonomic and ecologically distinct groups: red oaks (Lobatae), white oaks (Lepidobalanus), other preferred hosts, and intermediate (less preferred) hosts. We found that mean annual temperature had stronger effects than mean annual precipitation on the spatial extent of outbreaks, and that indirect effects of temperature (via its effects on oak density) on defoliation were stronger than direct effects. The density of non-host trees increased with increasing precipitation and, consistent with the 'associational resistance hypothesis', defoliation decreased with increasing density of non-host trees. This study offers quantitative evidence that geographic variation in climate can indirectly affect outbreaks of a forest insect through its effects on tree species composition.

A combination of single-molecule methods shows that PARP1 condenses double-stranded DNA by a loop stabilization mechanism., Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an abundant nuclear enzyme that plays important roles in DNA repair, chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Although binding and activation of PARP1 by DNA damage sites has been extensively studied, little is known about how PARP1 binds to long stretches of undamaged DNA and how it could shape chromatin architecture. Here, using single-molecule techniques, we show that PARP1 binds and condenses undamaged, kilobase-length DNA subject to sub-piconewton mechanical forces. Stepwise decondensation at high force and DNA braiding experiments show that the condensation activity is due to the stabilization of DNA loops by PARP1. PARP inhibitors do not affect the level of condensation of undamaged DNA but act to block condensation reversal for damaged DNA in the presence of NAD+. Our findings suggest a mechanism for PARP1 in the organization of chromatin structure.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful imaging technique that allows for structural characterization of single biomolecules with nanoscale resolution. AFM has a unique capability to image biological molecules in their native states under physiological conditions without the need for labeling or averaging. DNA has been extensively imaged with AFM from early single-molecule studies of conformational diversity in plasmids, to recent examinations of intramolecular variation between groove depths within an individual DNA molecule. The ability to image dynamic biological interactions in situ has also allowed for the interaction of various proteins and therapeutic ligands with DNA to be evaluated—providing insights into structural assembly, flexibility, and movement. This review provides an overview of how innovation and optimization in AFM imaging have advanced our understanding of DNA structure, mechanics, and interactions. These include studies of the secondary and tertiary structure of DNA, including how these are affected by its interactions with proteins. The broader role of AFM as a tool in translational cancer research is also explored through its use in imaging DNA with key chemotherapeutic ligands, including those currently employed in clinical practice.

Purpose:Report the results of a randomized, controlled trial of Live Healthy, Work Healthy (LHWH), a worksite translation of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP).Design:14 worksites were randomly assigned to LHWH, standard CDSMP (usual care) or no-intervention (control) group.Setting:The diverse set of work organizations centered around a rural community in SE US.Subjects:411 participants completed baseline data with 359 being included in the final analyses.Intervention:LHWH had been adapted to fit the unique characteristics of work organizations. This translated program consists of 15 sessions over 8 weeks and was facilitated by trained lay leaders.Measures:The primary outcomes including health risk, patient-provider communication, quality of life, medical adherence and work performance were collected pretest, posttest (6 mos.) and follow-up (12 mos.).Analysis:Analyses were conducted using latent change score models in a structural equation modeling framework.Results:79% of participants reported at least one chronic condition with an average of 2.7 chronic conditions reported. Results indicated that LHWH program demonstrated positive changes in a most outcomes including significant exercise (uΔ = 0.89, p < .01), chronic disease self-efficacy (uΔ = 0.63, p < .05), fatigue (uΔ = −1.45, p < .05), stress (uΔ = −0.98, p < .01) and mentally unhealthy days (uΔ = −3.47, p < .001).Conclusions:The translation of LHWH is an effective, low cost, embeddable program that has the potential to improve the health and work life of employees.