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Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are unique in their ability to support the educational advancement of students of color. Approximately one in five postsecondary institutions are eligible for funding under an MSI designation, yet more than half of all undergraduate students of color are enrolled in such colleges and universities. However, there continues to be great disagreement and confusion about how to define MSIs. Researchers, policymakers, advocacy organizations, and even institutions themselves have advanced different and inconsistent definitions as to what might be considered an MSI. Given these contrasting constructions of MSIs, the purpose of this article is to offer a uniform definition and typology as to how MSIs should be defined and to construct an MSI dataset based upon this approach. We assert that this approach will yield more accuracy to the description and study of MSIs, which will greatly benefit and inform the work of institutional leaders, advocates, policymakers, and the broader MSI research community.

Cannabis demand (i.e., reinforcing value) can be assessed using a marijuana purchase task (MPT; assesses hypothetical purchasing of cannabis at escalating prices) and has been related to use frequency, problems, and cannabis use disorder symptoms in adults. Cannabis demand has yet to be studied in adolescents, which can inform prevention and intervention efforts to reduce cannabis-related risks. The present study sought to validate the MPT with a sample of late adolescent lifetime cannabis users. Participants aged 15–18 years old (n = 115, M(age) = 16.9, SD = 0.9) residing in a state with legalized cannabis use completed online assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Convergent and divergent validity was examined, while principal component analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure and assess predictive validity. Three indices, O(max) (i.e., maximum expenditure on cannabis), breakpoint (i.e., price suppressing consumption to zero), and alpha (i.e., degree to which consumption decreases with increasing price) were all significantly associated with cannabis use, consequences, craving, and expenditures and significantly differentiated low-risk users and high-risk users as measured by the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R). A two-factor solution reflecting amplitude (intensity, alpha, O(max)) and persistence (breakpoint, P(max)) was observed. Both factors were associated with cannabis use and consequences in baseline regression models. At follow-up, persistence was associated with consequences; amplitude was not associated with either outcome. These findings provide initial evidence that the MPT is a valid measure for assessing cannabis demand among adolescents and can be used to understand mechanisms of adolescent cannabis use.

Sperm motility is directly related to the ability of sperm to move through the female reproductive tract to reach the ovum. Sperm motility is a complex trait that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors and is associated with male fertility, oocyte penetration rate, and reproductive success of cattle. In this study we carried out a GWAS in Italian Holstein bulls to identify candidate regions and genes associated with variations in progressive and total motility (PM and TM, respectively). After quality control, the final data set consisted of 5,960 records from 949 bulls having semen collected in 10 artificial insemination stations and genotyped at 412,737 SNPs (call rate95%; minor allele frequency5%). (Co)variance components were estimated using single trait mixed models, and associations between SNPs and phenotypes were assessed using a genomic BLUP approach. Ten windows that explained the greatest percentage of genetic variance were located on Bos taurus autosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 23, and 26 for TM and Bos taurus autosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 23, and 26 for PM. A total of 150 genes for TM and 72 genes for PM were identified within these genomic regions. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses identified significant Gene Ontology terms involved with energy homeostasis, membrane functions, sperm-egg interactions, protection against oxidative stress, olfactory receptors, and immune system. There was significant enrichment of quantitative trait loci for fertility, calving ease, immune response, feed intake, and carcass weight within the candidate windows. These results contribute to understanding the architecture of the genetic control of sperm motility and may aid in the development of strategies to identify subfertile bulls and improve reproductive success.

The configurational entropy per site of dimers and trimers adsorbed on triangular lattices is studied by combining theory and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The theoretical model (CA) is based on exact calculation of states on finite cells.

A chemical fraction enriched in cyclic ketones, was isolated from ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) bio-oil and valorized to hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids by an engineered Pseudomonas putida strain.

To systematically review information posted about abortion providers on an antiabortion website.Within a purposive sample of 64 abortion providers in 24 states, we reviewed 921 documents posted on the website.Extensive provider personal information obtained via public records laws and other public sources was posted on the website in an accessible and searchable format.Public records laws and other public sources of information have opened potent avenues for collecting and disseminating providers' personal information.This website fits into a larger pattern of longstanding efforts to intimidate, threaten, and vilify providers.

Low back pain (LBP) is an urgent military health concern with implications for fitness, quality of life (QoL) and disability.This secondary outcome analysis from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine if the addition of neuromuscular electrical stimulation core strength training (NMES) or progressive exercise (PEP)in conjunction with primary care management (PCM) was more effective than PCM alone.This randomized controlled trial (RCT assigned 128 service members to the three intervention groups. The outcomes included changes in perceived disability (Oswestry Disability Index), health-related quality of life (SF-12v2), pain during activity (Clinical Back Pain Questionnaire), and daily steps walked in service members with subacute LBP.Over a 9-week intervention, perceived disability, SF-12v2 physical component summary, and activity associated with pain improved in all groups. Home therapies were helpful to reduce perceived disability, QoL and pain during activity in service members with subacute LBP.These non-pharmacological options provide other home-managed approaches for those in the subacute LBP phase.

Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged children (aged 6-59 months) and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years).In this pooled analysis, we reanalysed individual-level biomarker data for micronutrient status from nationally representative, population-based surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression to estimate the prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients for preschool-aged children (iron, zinc, and vitamin A) and for non-pregnant women of reproductive age (iron, zinc, and folate), globally and in seven regions using 24 nationally representative surveys done between 2003 and 2019.We estimated the global prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients to be 56% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48-64) among preschool-aged children, and 69% (59-78) among non-pregnant women of reproductive age, equivalent to 372 million (95% UI 319-425) preschool-aged children and 1·2 billion (1·0-1·4) non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Regionally, three-quarters of preschool-aged children with micronutrient deficiencies live in south Asia (99 million, 95% UI 80-118), sub-Saharan Africa (98 million, 83-113), or east Asia and the Pacific (85 million, 61-110). Over half (57%) of non-pregnant women of reproductive age with micronutrient deficiencies live in east Asia and the Pacific (384 million, 279-470) or south Asia (307 million, 255-351).We estimate that over half of preschool-aged children and two-thirds of non-pregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. However, estimates are uncertain due to the scarcity of population-based micronutrient deficiency data.US Agency for International Development.

115 p.-4 fig.-45 fig. supl.-14 tab supl., Mixed plastics waste represents an abundant and largely untapped feedstock for the production of valuable products. The chemical diversity and complexity of thesematerials, however, present major barriers to realizing this opportunity. In this work, we show that metal-catalyzed autoxidation depolymerizes comingled polymers into a mixture of oxygenated small molecules that are advantaged substrates for biological conversion. We engineer a robust soil bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, to funnel these oxygenated compounds into a single exemplary chemical product, either b-ketoadipate or polyhydroxyalkanoates. This hybrid process establishes a strategy for the selective conversion of mixed plastics waste into useful chemical products., Funding was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), and Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO). This work was performed as part of the BOTTLE Consortium and was supported by AMO and BETO under contract no. DE-AC36- 08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. The BOTTLE Consortium includes members from MIT, funded under contract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with NREL. Contributions by S.S.S. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under award no. DEFG02-05ER15690.

YMgNi4-based alloys exhibit reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions at near room temperature. Here, we report that Co-substituted YMgNi4-based alloys exhibited higher hydrogen contents and lower hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction pressures than unsubstituted alloys. The effects of Co-substitution viewed from atomic arrangements were particularly clarified by synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering. Powder neutron diffraction of the Co-substituted alloy at 5 MPa of D-2 pressure suggested the formation of gamma-phase deuteride (higher deuterium content) from beta-phase deuteride (lower deuterium content). However, no gamma-phase deuteride was observed in the unsubstituted alloys at 5 MPa. Therefore, the gamma-phase deuteride formation of the Co-substituted alloy at lower pressure led to higher hydrogen contents than the unsubstituted alloys. The combined results of powder neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering suggested that the gamma-phase hydride of the Co-substituted alloy was continuously generated due to additional H atoms at the H atom sites in the beta-phase hydride because of the disordered H atomic arrangement involving H-H interactions. As a result, hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction pressures for the gamma-phase deuteride formation with higher hydrogen storage capacity were lowered.