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The knowledge of high-pressure behavior of LiH is significant for the validation of fundamental theoretical models and applications in thermonuclear materials and potential energy supplies. The compressibility of7LiH under isentropic compression at high pressure was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental technique for quasi-isentropic compression with low-density materials was developed using the magnetocumulative generator CJ-100 and x-ray flash radiography. The x-ray images and extracted interface of the sample target in dynamic flash radiography experiments were obtained. According to each interface size of the target both before and after compression, the compression ratio of7LiH and reference material aluminum was obtained. The density of the reference and using its known isentropic curve provide the pressure in the reference. The pressure in7LiH was deduced from the pressure in the reference and using the calculated gradient correction factor. The quasi-isentropic data point at 438 GPa was obtained experimentally. A semiempirical three-term complete equation of state was constructed and validated for7LiH using the theory of Mie–Grüneisen–Debye with experimental data from the literature. The quasi-isentrope data point is reasonably consistent with the theoretical results. The quasi-isentropic experimental techniques and results broaden the existing research scope and are practical and helpful to further validate theoretical models in the future. more...

自体牙移植术是指将天然牙从一个位置移植到同一个体的另一位置的手术过程，可有效恢复患者的美观和咀嚼功能，是替代缺牙的可行方法。但因缺乏技术规范，成功率不易保障。不同牙位自体牙移植的存活率与成功率存在差异，尖牙的自体牙移植预后最差。应用数字化技术辅助自体牙移植术，可降低手术难度，减少牙周膜损伤，提高移植牙的成功率。本文报告1例牙瘤导致下颌尖牙异位阻生的自体移植病例。.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of burnout in the Singaporean coaching population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Singaporean coaches with h...

The medical records of 13 cases (16 limbs) diagnosed with ulnar club hand in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between 1966 and 2016 were reviewed. The radiological characteristics of upper limb bones, the shape and function of shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand were recorded. The surgical options include radial wedge osteotomy, ulnar anlage excision, release of syndactyly or narrowed first web, and release of camptodactyly were performed to correct deformities. The subjective evaluation of patients or their families was recorded. Thirteen patients with 16 affected limbs were identified with ulnar club hand. There were 7 males and 6 females with an average age of 12.4 years (range:1-29 years). Among them, 3 cases were bilateral, and 10 cases were unilateral. Six patients had right-side involvement and 4 patients had left-side involvement. Based on Bayne's classification, there were 4 type Ⅰ, 7 type Ⅱ, 4 type Ⅲ, and 1 type Ⅳ. The affected extremity was shorter than the normal limb. In patients with type Ⅰ deformity, the elbows were stable with normal range of motion, the wrists were stable with almost normal range of motion, and the hands were normal. In patients with type Ⅱ deformity, the stability of elbow was variable, and hand deformities were common. In patients with type Ⅲ deformity, the elbows were unstable, and hand deformities were common. The elbow of the patient with type Ⅳ deformity showed radiohumeral synostosis without hand deformity. Surgical treatment was performed on 9 limbs. Mean follow-up was 22.3 months(range: 8-48 months), the subjective evaluation of patients or their families was satisfactory or relatively satisfactory. The surgical treatments of ulnar club hand usually focus on correction of hand and forearm deformities. The surgical result is good.回顾北京积水潭医院于1966年至2016年治疗的13例16侧尺侧拐棒手患者的临床资料。记录患者的上肢骨骼放射学特征，以及肩、肘、前臂、腕及手部的外形与功能情况。通过桡骨截骨矫形、尺骨胚基切除、虎口开大、并指分指植皮，以及屈曲指松解植皮等术式对肢体畸形进行矫正。随访并记录患者或其家长对疗效的主观评价。结果发现，13例尺侧拐棒手患者中，男7例，女6例。双侧3例，右侧6例，左侧4例。平均年龄12.4岁（1~29岁）。根据Bayne分型，Ⅰ型4侧，Ⅱ型7侧，Ⅲ型4侧，Ⅳ型1侧。所有患肢均较正常短小。Ⅰ型畸形患者肘和腕关节稳定，活动度基本正常，手部没有明显畸形。Ⅱ型畸形患者肘关节稳定性差异较大，多伴有手部畸形。Ⅲ型畸形患者肘关节不稳定，多伴有手部畸形。Ⅳ型畸形患者肘关节融合，手部无明显畸形。9侧肢体实施了手术治疗。平均随访22.3个月（8~48个月），患者或家属的主观评价为满意或比较满意。尺侧拐棒手的手术治疗侧重于治疗手及前臂畸形，疗效较好。. more...

白血病累及胃肠道的尸检发病率约为14.8%~25.0%。白血病髓外胃浸润临床和病理上与胃原发性病变非常相似，容易误诊。该文报道1例急性单核细胞白血病髓外胃浸润，分析其临床病理学特征并复习相关文献，以提高对白血病髓外浸润临床病理学特点的认识，以减少误诊和漏诊。.

铁死亡是近年来发现的不同于细胞凋亡、坏死和自噬的一种新的细胞死亡形式。细胞内依赖谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的抗氧化防御系统失活以及有毒脂质氢过氧化物过量蓄积是诱发铁死亡的主要病理生理变化。此外，有毒脂质氢过氧化物的生成大多依赖于二价铁，且特异性铁螯合剂可抑制铁离子紊乱介导的铁死亡。近年来研究发现铁死亡与心血管疾病密切相关，该文概述了铁死亡机制以及铁死亡在心肌梗死、缺血再灌注损伤、慢性心力衰竭、心脏移植、血管疾病和抗肿瘤药物导致的心肌细胞损伤中的作用，为未来临床心血管疾病的治疗提供了新的方向。. more...

B-cell translocation genes (BTG) have been proved to play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism through modifying insulin homeostasis and glucose metabolism. This study, therefore, was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous insulin on the expression of BTG1 and BTG2 in chickens. Twenty-four-day-old broilers and layers were fasted for 16 h and randomly assigned to insulin treatment group (subcutaneously injected with 5 IU/kg body weight) or control group (received an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline). Blood glucose concentration was measured, and it showed that the blood glucose concentrations in the layers were significantly (P0.05) higher than that in the broilers under fasting state. Response to exogenous insulin, the blood glucose concentrations were greatly reduced in both breeds. Of note, the blood glucose concentration restored to 62% of the basal state at 240 min (P0.05) after insulin stimulation in layers, whereas it was still in low level until 240 min in broilers (under fast state). Tissue profiling revealed that both BTG1 and BTG2 were abundantly expressed in the skeletal muscles of broilers. A negative correlation was observed between blood glucose and BTG1 (ρ = -0.289, P = 0.031) /BTG2 (ρ = -0.500, P0.001) in pectoralis, and BTG1 (ρ = -0.462, P0.001) in pancreas. As blood glucose decreased due to exogenous insulin administration (under fast state), the expression of both BTG1 and BTG2 notably upregulated in birds' pectoralis at 120 min and/or 240 min, meanwhile pancreas BTG1 was also upregulated. Re-feeding at 120 min elevated the blood glucose and reduced the expression of BTG genes in pectoralis generally. In addition, the change of BTG1 and BTG2 expression showed distinct difference between layers and broilers at 120 min and 240 min after insulin stimulation in pectoralis, pancreas and heart tissue; even after re-feeding at 120 min, BTG2 expression at 240 min after insulin injection was downregulated in the pectoralis of layers, while it was upregulated in that broilers. Collectively, these results indicated that response to exogenous insulin, chicken blood glucose exhibited breed-specific dynamic change, and meanwhile the expressions of both BTG1 and BTG2 genes in chickens were significantly altered by exogenous insulin in a breed- and tissue-specific manner. BTG1 and BTG2 genes may negatively regulate bird's blood glucose by promoting the glucose uptake corporately in pectoralis, and through regulating the insulin secretion in pancreas (especially BTG1). more...

艰难梭菌是引起抗生素相关性腹泻和医疗机构相关性腹泻的重要病原，在欧美引起暴发流行，造成沉重疾病负担。然而我国艰难梭菌感染调查缺乏统一的诊断原则和检测技术规范，我国艰难梭菌感染率和疾病负担尚不明确。因此中国CDC传染病预防控制所联合全国其他11家单位撰写《艰难梭菌感染诊断（T/CPMA 008-2020）》中华预防医学会团体标准，以“合法性、科学性、先进性、可行性”为原则，给出了艰难梭菌感染的危险因素、诊断原则、诊断和鉴别诊断。旨在提高临床感染性腹泻中艰难梭菌感染诊断的准确性，指导监测工作开展，明确我国艰难梭菌感染的风险和疾病负担。. more...

嗅觉障碍包括嗅觉定量障碍（嗅觉下降、嗅觉丧失）和嗅觉定性障碍（嗅觉倒错、幻嗅）。相对于嗅觉定量障碍，嗅觉定性障碍对患者日常生活的影响更大。目前人们对嗅觉定性障碍的病因和发病机制认识仍然有限，治疗仍具有挑战性。对于中枢性嗅觉定性障碍以药物治疗为主，对于严重的持续性外周性嗅觉定性障碍可以考虑手术治疗。本文就该疾病的诊断和治疗进展做一总结，以期为临床实践提供参考。.

Background and purpose Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is an autosomal dominant disease due to the D178N mutation of PRNP gene coupling with homozygous methionine (Met) at codon 129. It is generally considered that D178N mutation cases with 129 M/M homozygotes present as FFI, and 129 V/V as genetic CJD. However, the frequency of 129 Met alleles in Chinese population is much higher than that in Caucasians. This study aims to investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of Chinese D178N mutants in this genetic context. Methods We reviewed the clinical and genetic features of seven D178N patients. The clinical data, genetic data, electroencephalogram (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polysomnography (PSG), CSF 14-3-3 protein examinations of the seven patients were analyzed. Results The genotypes at codon 129 were all M/M. Four of the seven cases reported positive family history. Four patients were more likely the CJD phenotype and three were FFI phenotype according to the core clinical features. No major differences were found on the EEG, CSF 14-3-3 protein, and PSG presentations between this study and western studies. Novel neuroimaging findings were two patients had typical neuroimaging abnormalities of CJD and frontotemporal dementia, respectively. Conclusions Unlike the western populations, the diverse phenotypical presentations of D178N mutants were not simply determined by the 129 genotypes in Chinese. The underlying modifying factors for phenotypical variations warrant further investigations. For those with atypical clinical and imaging features, genetic testing was important for final diagnosis. more...

About 30,000 astronomical photographic plates were digitised between 2012–2017 with a special digitising machine that has high precision in both astrometry and photometry. All the images from the plates, together with plate information and measured coordinates of all the objects on the plates, have been stored in the Chinese Virtual Observatory. more...

To observe the effect of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) knockdown on the apoptosis of neurons in rats with cerebral infarction (CI), and to explore the potential mechanism of lncRNA GAS5 in the pathogenesis of CI.A total of 60 adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-14 weeks old and weighing (267.14±6.49) g were randomly divided into three groups: Sham operation group (Sham group, n=20), CI group (n=20) and CI + lncRNA GAS5 knockdown group [CI + GAS5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) group, n=20]. The rat model of focal CI was constructed by carotid artery embolization. After the CI model was successfully induced, a certain amount of lncRNA GAS5 siRNAs was injected into the rat lateral ventricle in a stereotactic manner. At 24 h after operation, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) method was used to detect the infarction area in brain tissues of rats in each group. At the same time, the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats in each group were observed via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) were detected via Western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was adopted to detect the number of apoptotic neurons in brain tissues of rats in each group. Meanwhile, the expression level of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) proteins was measured using the Western blotting technique and immunohistochemical staining.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the lncRNA GAS5 expression in brain tissues of rats in CI group was significantly higher than that of rats in Sham group (p0.05). TTC staining results revealed that lncRNA GAS5 knockdown could remarkably reduce the CI area of rats in CI group (p0.05). In addition, inhibiting lncRNA GAS5 could also significantly reduce the level of pro-apoptotic gene BAX and increase the expression level of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 (p0.05). In the meantime, the number of apoptotic neurons in CI + GAS5 siRNA group was also evidently decreased (p0.05). Finally, it was found that lncRNA GAS5 knockdown notably inhibited the expression of NICD proteins (p0.05).The inhibitory effect of lncRNA GAS5 knockdown on the apoptosis of neurons in CI rats may be related to the activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway. LncRNA GAS5 may be a new target for clinical treatment of CI. more...

Health care workers have higher risk of influenza infection because of their occupational exposure to infected patients. Infection of the health care workers may not only result in the increasing risk of the nosocomial infection and family transmission, but also disrupt the health services due to absence from work. Health care workers were recommended as a priority group of influenza vaccinationin more than 40 countries and regions in the world. In recent years, domestic surveys show that the influenza vaccine coverage among health care workers was low. This paper outlines the current status and related policies of influenza vaccination among health care workers in China and global. Additionally, we analyzed and discussed the proper immunization strategy of influenza vaccine for medical staff in China.医务人员由于日常工作暴露，罹患流感的风险更高。同时医务人员感染流感病毒可增加院内和家庭传播的风险，由于疾病导致的缺勤还会影响医疗体系的正常运转。全球有40多个国家和地区均将医务人员纳入流感疫苗接种的优先人群。国内调查数据显示医务人员流感疫苗接种率普遍不高。本文主要对国内外流感疫苗的接种政策和现状进行概述，分析探讨符合我国实际的医务人员流感疫苗免疫策略。. more...

The previous work has shown that Berberine and Hesperidin have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Berberine and Hesperidin on inflammatory cytokine secretion, proliferation, differentiation, and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and the potential of these drugs to regulate the Notch1 signaling pathway.Neonatal rat primary cardiac fibroblasts were stimulated with 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 as model (TGF) group. In the Berberine (TGF+B) group cells were given TGF-β1, along with 1.25/2.5/5/10 mg/L Berberine, while the Hesperidin (TGF+H) group was treated with TGF-β1 and 12.5/25/50/100 µmmol/L Hesperidin. Cellular proliferation, differentiation, and collagen synthesis were evaluated. The role of the Notch1 signaling pathway in the protective effects of Berberine and Hesperidin was analyzed by using γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) to block the Notch1 pathway.5/10 mg/L Berberine intervention could noticeably decrease both TGF-β1 and IL-1β levels, 25/50/100 µmol/L Hesperidin could reduce IL-1β secretion from TGF-β1 stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Both Berberine and Hesperidin decreased the expression of α-SMA and cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts was not influenced. 10 mg/L Berberine or at least 50 µmol/L Hesperidin could noticeably decrease MMP-1 expression, and at least 5 mg/L Berberine or 100 µmol/L Hesperidin could markedly reduce MMP-9 expression. Using DAPT to block Notch1 signaling could reverse the protective effects of Berberine and Hesperidin.Berberine and Hesperidin can reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, differentiation, and proliferation, and increase the collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1 via the Notch1 signaling pathway. more...

We identified and characterized a new cosmocercid nematode species, Cosmocercoides wuyiensis n. sp., through microscopic examination and sequencing of the partial small ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. The new species was isolated from the intestine of the Asiatic frog Amolops wuyiensis Liu and Hu, 1975 captured from four localities of the Anhui province in south-east China. Among the 25 recorded species of the Cosmocercoides genus, the morphology of C. wuyiensis n. sp. is closest to that of C. kiliwai and C. malayensis, which were isolated from various Mexican frog and Malaysian lizard species, respectively. However, C. wuyiensis n. sp. displayed several distinguishing features, such as small size of the male body, two spicules of unequal lengths in the male, small gubernaculum, pre-, ad- and post-cloacal caudal rosette papillae in the ratio of 18-24:2:6 and simple papillae in the ratio of 14:multiple:4, circle and number of punctation in each rosette at 1:11-16, sharply conical tail-end and the presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae in both sexes. BLAST and the phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA and ITS sequences indicated that C. wuyiensis n. sp. belonged to the genus Cosmocercoides, while that of the COI gene sequence of C. wuyiensis n. sp. showed 16.36% nucleotide divergence with C. pulcher and 47.99% nucleotide divergence with C. qingtianensis. The morphological and molecular characterization of C. wuyiensis n. sp. provides new taxonomic data for this genus. more...

We identified and characterized a new cosmocercid nematode species,Cosmocercoides wuyiensisn. sp., through microscopic examination and sequencing of the partial small ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. The new species was isolated from the intestine of the Asiatic frogAmolops wuyiensisLiu and Hu, 1975 captured from four localities of the Anhui province in south-east China. Among the 25 recorded species of theCosmocercoidesgenus, the morphology ofC. wuyiensisn. sp. is closest to that ofC. kiliwaiandC. malayensis, which were isolated from various Mexican frog and Malaysian lizard species, respectively. However,C. wuyiensisn. sp. displayed several distinguishing features, such as small size of the male body, two spicules of unequal lengths in the male, small gubernaculum, pre-, ad- and post-cloacal caudal rosette papillae in the ratio of 18–24:2:6 and simple papillae in the ratio of 14:multiple:4, circle and number of punctation in each rosette at 1:11–16, sharply conical tail-end and the presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae in both sexes. BLAST and the phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA and ITS sequences indicated thatC. wuyiensisn. sp. belonged to the genusCosmocercoides, while that of the COI gene sequence ofC. wuyiensisn. sp. showed 16.36% nucleotide divergence withC. pulcherand 47.99% nucleotide divergence withC. qingtianensis.The morphological and molecular characterization ofC. wuyiensisn. sp. provides new taxonomic data for this genus. more...

The use of GaMnAs as the emitter of an internal-photoemission (IPE) photodetector is studied. As a result of significantly high concentration of holes, GaMnAs-based IPE detector resembles a Schottky-barrier detector, which has the higher absorption and thus enhanced spectral response by comparing with the previously reported $p$ -type GaAs/AlGaAs detectors. A GaMnAs/AlGaAs detector is expected to fully cover the 3–5- $\mu \text{m}$ range of detection. The theoretical value of the responsibility is 0.0133 A/W at 3.5 $\mu \text{m}$ . more...

Two kinds of charge trapping memory device with Au/Zr0.5Hf0.5O2(ZHO)/SiO2/p-Si and Au/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)/Zr0.5Hf0.5O2/SiO2/p-Si structure were fabricated and investigated. The double BST/ZHO films exhibit a larger memory window of 7.36 V under ±14 V sweeping voltages in its C–V curve and the device has good charge retention properties with only small charge loss of ∼ 5 % after more than 10 4 s . The good characteristics are attributed to the inter-diffusion between BST and ZHO where more deep defect sites were created after RTA treatment, which provides high potential barriers for the trapped charges to tunnel back to the silicon substrate. Furthermore, the nanocrystal in the BST layer increases the tunneling barrier of tunneling current into the gate and effectively restrains the leakage of storage charge from blocking layer, which improves the charge retention characteristic. more...

A 43° rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 (LN) single-crystal thin film coated with a bottom electrode and a Mo/Ti Bragg reflector is successfully transferred onto the 4-in. LN wafer substrate by means of crystal-ion-slicing (CIS) technique and benzocyclobutene bonding method. The multilayer film is crack-free, and the Mo/Ti reflector shows good acoustic reflection efficiency. A thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator based on the Mo/Ti Bragg reflector and the LN thin film (LN-BAW) is prepared, and the properties are further analyzed. The results indicate that the LN-BAW provides a large Kt2 of ∼16.63% and the Q-factor and figure-of-merit of the LN-BAW reach 183 and 30.4, respectively. more...

43°Y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) single-crystalline thin films, which are integrated with two types of Bragg reflectors of W/SiO2 and Mo/SiO2, respectively, are fabricated by means of the crystal-ion-slicing technique. Crack-free LN thin films are obtained when the Mo/SiO2 reflector is adopted, while crumples take place when the LN thin film is combined with W/SiO2. Moreover, solidly-mounted-type thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (LN-SMRs) based on the single-crystalline LN film and Bragg reflector layers of Mo/SiO2 are prepared and characterized. The results indicate that the LN thin film combined with the Mo/SiO2 reflector has good thin film quality, and keff2 of the LN-SMR reaches 20%. more...

Spin-wave dynamics in full-Heusler Co