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The design of digital VLSI circuits must take energy efficiency into consideration. Reducing the circuit’s power consumption, which has been a major issue since 2000, would increase the necessity for energy efficiency. Error-tolerant systems heavily rely on approximate computation methods to increase power efficiency. The key factors of the system’s overall power consumption and area computation are adders and multipliers, which are also crucial in approximate computing. High energy-efficiency adders can be used to create additional multipliers. In order to dramatically minimize power consumption, this work builds and implements 8×8 Dadda multipliers using 1 bit approximation adders. Calculation is sped up by using the Dadda multiplier. In turn, by reducing propagation latency, the suggested design lowers power consumption in digital CMOS circuitry. The proposed multiplier design with approximate adders, which was created in Verilog HDL, simulated in FPGA, and synthesized in FPGA platform, is implemented on an ASIC platform using Cadence 90 nm Technology. The Gaussian filter additionally employs the proposed Dadda multiplier for picture denoising in approximation adder-based image processing applications.

Road accidents are the major cause for the loss of life’s that held in our day to day. In 2018 road accidents is about 1,51,589.In 2021 road accidents is about 1,31,389.The main cause for road accidents is not wearing the helmet and consumption of alcohol. Our project is to control road accidents using smart bike and helmet. Our project consists of two parts: helmet part and detection part. In Helmet part we use IR sensor and Alcohol sensor another one is detection part. In detection we use LDR sensor, the ultrasonic sensor, speed sensor, display. It used to control road accidents by detecting the obstacles in distance using ultrasonic sensor. And the sound waves from ultrasonic sensors calculates the distance of obstacles and gives warning to the rider by using a display and using the WiFi technology to control the helmet and bike.

Finding collision-free paths and optimized path coverage over an agricultural landscape has been a critical research problem among scientists and researchers over the years. Key precision farming strategies such as seeding, spraying fertilizers, and harvesting require special path planning techniques for efficient operations and will directly influence reducing the running cost of the farm. The main objective of this research work is to generate an optimized sequential route in an agricultural landscape with the nominal distance. In this proposed work, a novel Hybrid Dragonfly – Cuckoo Search algorithm is proposed and implemented to generate the sequential route for achieving spraying applications in greenhouse environments. Here the agricultural routing problem is expressed as a Travelling Salesman Problem, and the simulations are performed to find the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm has generated better results when compared with other computational techniques such as PSO in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency.

The hike of fuel price is causing an immediate threat to the economic wealth of the world. The fuels will sooner become obsolete and it is imperative to search for new technologies to save and optimize the utilization of the fuel. Innovative approaches that can be readily implemented will prove beneficial in contributing to the sustainable solution. Fuel consumption in the automobiles linearly increase with the increase in the number of fuel utilizing vehicles on road. Hence, decreasing the fuel consumed by each vehicle on road will eventually result in substantial sustaining of fuel availability. This paper focuses on decreasing the consumption of fuel by an automobile at its higher speeds. Turbines which forms the ultimate part in producing conventional energy is innovatively used in automobiles to rotate the crankshaft of the engine by utilizing the air drag against the vehicle. Vehicles (two- wheelers or four wheelers) experiences infinite amount of air drag while travelling at higher speeds. This air drag is fed to turbines and is being converted into useful form of energy. Feasibility of this system is experimented and torque along with power output is calculated and proved to be practically possible solution.

Most of landmine detection robots proposed so far have been strongly restricted from locomotion inside the mine field because they cannot cross over the mine. So we have proposed a mine detection robot with hybrid locomotion, which can enter inside the minefield with low ground surface contact, which can cross over the mine instead of changing its path and scan landmines directly using Electro Magnetic Induction sensor. The hybrid locomotion proposed in the robot uses the frame walking technique and the conventional wheeled locomotion. The robot switches over the locomotion mechanism from wheeled to leg when mine is detected and vice versa with a lead screw mechanism. The leg locomotion is achieved by frame walking technique where the two frames translate with the help of lead screw mechanism. A purpose of adopting this combination is to evade anti-personnel landmines which are relatively smaller in comparison to their anti-tank landmine counterparts. The robot initially starts in wheeled mode and upon detection of metal, pulls in the frame walking algorithm. The robot also deploys an obstacle avoidance algorithm when working in wheel mode.

In this paper, we are using memristor emulator made up of a Digital Potentiometer (DigPot) and microcontroller (Arduino). Mostly the emulator is composed of off-the-shelf electronic component. Here we are using MCP3208 microchip. The Arduino which in turn communicates with the digital potentiometer through the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The analog pin in the Arduino is used to read the voltages at terminals of digital potentiometer resistance network. It is built as an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) on the Arduino. Then the resistance value calculated by using mathematical equation of the memristor. It continuously updates the potentiometer through the serial port based on the calculation of microcontroller. The data is collected through the serial port and displayed on the LCD screen. This can be simulated by using Xilinx ISE software.

This paper discusses about the design and fabrication of vision based Autonomous Underwater Cable Tracking (AUCT) system and its working principle based on the propulsion technique. The AUCT system consists of three levels of controllers namely, higher level controller, Middle level controller and the Lower level controller to navigate the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). A single CCD camera and an Ultrasonic distance sensor are used to determine the relative position of the underwater cable with respect to the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in a 3 dimensional space. Visual data provides two dimensions and ultrasonic distance sensor data provides the 3rd dimension. An image filtering technique to reduce some undesirable features is underwater images, is used based on the morphological operator. A real-time algorithm is developed to determine the position of the cable in the image plane by cascading an estimator governed by AUV dynamics, with help of Hough transformation technique. The proposed system will perform very well other than in situations where the cable is covered by waterweeds for a long distance. This system can be used as a solution to the problem of underwater positioning especially in pre-determined areas.

Most of landmine detection robots proposed so far have been strongly restricted from locomotion inside the minefield because they cannot cross over the mine. So we have proposed a mine detection robot with hybrid locomotion, which can enter minefield with low ground surface contact, which can cross over the mine instead of changing its path and scan landmines directly using EMI (Electro Magnetic Induction) sensor. The hybrid locomotion proposed in the robot uses the frame walking technique and the conventional wheeled locomotion. The robot switches over the locomotion mechanism from wheeled to leg when mine is detected and vice versa with a lead screw mechanism. The leg locomotion is achieved by frame walking technique where the two frames translate with the help of lead screw mechanism. Very purpose of adopting this combination is to evade anti-personnel landmines which are relatively smaller in comparison to their anti-tank landmine counterparts. With frame walking the robot passes over the mine instead of going around the mine. The robot initially starts in wheeled mode and upon detection of metal, pulls in the frame walking algorithm. The robot also deploys a obstacle avoidance algorithm when working in wheeled mode.

In olden day's machine (lathe or milling machine) movements were operated by manual for that trained persons were required, the workspace and the no of axes were limited one. Productions of complicated parts were difficult and batch production also impossible. The dimensions between the parts were varied so to produce batch production, testing was required. So, the cost of production was increased. Manual operated machines are now a day retrofitted by using electrical, electronics and computer software and programming technologies. The axes movements and spindle speed are driven by electrical motors. So, the no of axes can be increased which is depending upon the job's complication. Limit sensors are installed and interfaced. When a particular axis movements are exceeds its limit, the sensors will send the signals and the direction pulses are send which is used to stop the corresponding axes movement actuators. The direction and control pulses are sent from the computer to driver electronics. Actuator terminals are connected with driver electronics. Using CAD/CAM software, 3D modelling and other CNC programming parts are designed and then G-codes and M-codes are generated. The codes are executed line by line. The axes are moved with respect to the codes. Finally the one can obtain the designed parts. So, batch production will become very easy. In that particular production, dimensions between the parts are exactly similar to each other. No need to test every parts individually. Production time is less so no of products are increased.