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A quadrupolar D-π-A-π-D oligophenyleneimine with indole moiety as terminal group (OIC-I) obtained by a green method of mechanosynthesis was obtained. The molecular structure of OIC-I was elucidated by FTIR and H1 NMR spectroscopies. DFT and TDDFT studies show possible intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes and a hyperpolarizability value that suggest a nonlinear behavior, which was verified by Z-scan technique. The linear optical characterization of OIC-I using UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence in solution and solid state exhibits a bathochromic effect by increasing the polarity of the solvent. According to data obtained by the Z-scan technique, OIC-I could be used as a saturable absorb material, and this feature can be applied in nonlinear signal filtering, optical signal processing, and mode locking devices. OIC-I has attractive linear and nonlinear optical properties, good processability in solution, and thermal stability for its potential application as a saturated absorber in optoelectronic devices.

A ferrocenyl chalcone (OFcPV) with attractive optical and magnetic properties for its potential application in optoelectronic devices, excellent processability in solution, and thermal stability is reported. It was derived from the synthesis of ferrocenyl chalcone with different degrees of conjugation and the preliminary selection of the most attractive molecule based on its linear optical and electrochemical properties, and processability. Three ferrocene-derived compounds: a low-molecular weight molecule (3FcPV), an oligomer (OFcPV), and a polymer (PFcPV) were synthesized through Friedel–Crafts reactions and aldol condensations. The chemical structure of the compounds has been elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to evaluate the optical properties of these new compounds. The frontier orbitals levels of the materials deposited as films were determined using cyclic voltammetry. The optical bandgaps for 3FcPV, OFcPV, and PFcPV were 2.8, 2.4, and 2.36 eV, respectively. These results place these materials within the organic semiconductors and evidence the influence of the degree of electronic conjugation of the molecule in the reduction of the bandgap. The results showed that the oligomer and the polymer possess similar electronic and optical properties. However, the oligomer solubility improves the processability necessary for the manufacturing photonic devices. OFcPV was characterized by Z-scan technique, and the results indicate that OFcPV is candidate to be used as an optical limiter, fast optical switch, or optical logic gates. Also, OFcPV exhibits quasi-superparamagnetic behavior resulting from the iron disposal in the structure.

Three chitosan-derived compounds, Ch-I, Ch-Qn, and Ch-TPA, were synthesized through condensation reactions between high-molecular weight chitosan and three different aldehydes. Mechanosynthesis, a fast and solvent-free synthesis method, was used instead of a depolymerization. The chemical structure of the compounds was elucidated by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The optical properties of the new compounds were evaluated by ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The compounds Ch-I, Ch-Qn, and Ch-TPA presented absorptions in the range of 273 to 400 nm and emissions between 300 and 700 nm with Ch-TPA presenting the greatest redshift in absorption and emission. Ch-I, Ch-Qn, and Ch-TPA were characterized by the Z-scan technique, and the results indicate that Ch-I, Ch-Qn, and Ch-TPA exhibit non-linear optic behavior. Ch-TPA showed the most promising optical properties. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain promising materials derived from chitosan using mechanosynthesis and using high-molecular weight chitosan without the need to depolymerize it. Mechanosynthesis requires a short reaction time, is free of solvents, and has the potential for biomedical applications as optical and/or fluorescent biosensors.

In this work, an experimental analysis of the Schlieren technique is presented to get the temperature distribution that is generated around the optical fiber. Laser light (λ = 450 nm) travels through this fiber (multimode optical fiber, 105/125 μm) and on its tip contains silver nanoparticles. The thermal gradient arises from the absorption of laser radiation by the silver nanoparticles adhered on the fiber tip. Schlieren Z-type setup was used, which has of a light source, two parabolic mirrors, a knife, and the camera. The analysis of the temperature distribution was carried out by obtaining Schlieren images in air through the digital camera. As a temperature calibration factor, the boiling temperature of ethanol (78 °C) was used, that is, previously, the tip of the optical fiber was immersed in ethanol and the laser power was set to the value before the appearance of the boiling bubbles. Subsequently, the optical fiber was placed in the Schlieren arrangement, and taking the above we find that the tip of the optical fiber reaches ~ 80 °C when it is in the air, this value is approximate to the boiling temperature of ethanol, the possible cause of the temperature variation is given by the transfer of heat in and out of the ethanol.

A simple and inexpensive method of measuring heart beats was established using Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI). The sensor consists of a bracelet, the Fabry-Perot cavity is formed with a thin aluminum foil and the tip of a singlemode fiber optic. The fiber and aluminum foil are inserted into bracelet by means of easily assembled mechanical components. Fiber-coupled laser diode (1550 nm wavelength) was used to provide the optical signal through a 50:50 fiber coupler. Furthermore, we used a photodetector to transform this signal into an electrical one and an oscilloscope to analyze this signal. The sensor measures heart rate in the time domain, detecting interference fringes through the sensor and displayed on an oscilloscope. The interference phenomenon takes place in the Fabry-Perot cavity (CFP) which is formed by the thin aluminum plate and the tip of the optical fiber. By analyzing the signal from the oscilloscope, it is possible to measure the heart rate. The analysis presented in this work shows several advantages over traditional electrocardiograms, real-time measurement and simplification in the experimental setup, coupled with its high sensitivity for the analysis of cardiograms.

We present 3D steady-state trapping and manipulation of vapor microbubbles in pure ethanol by optothermal effects induced by low power CW laser. Light absorption from silver nanoparticles photodeposited on the core of a multi-mode optical fiber is used as a heat source to induce microbubbles of several diameters. The optothermal effects generated by the light absorption of light bulk absorption modulates the microbubble wall's surface tension inducing both longitudinal and transversal forces just like optical forces, generating a 3D potential well. By numerical simulations, we find expressions to describe both the temperature profiles and the convective currents. Besides, using an array of three optical fibers with silver nanoparticles photodeposited on their cores we show the transmission of microbubbles from one fiber to another by switching the laser radiation from the CW lasers.

We developed simultaneous phase-shifting system based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and a replicating system integrated by a Michelson configuration and a cube beam splitter. The system is capable to obtain four simultaneous interferograms in a single capture, and the phase shifts are controlled by placing a linear polarizer in each replica obtained. The system retrieves four interferograms with a relative phase shift of π/2 and the optical phase map is calculated using the four-step algorithm. In addition, the configuration presents potential capabilities for generating spiral interference patterns. To show the advantage of the technique, experimental results are presented for static and dynamic samples.

An experimental and theoretical study on the 3D trapping and manipulation of microbubbles by means low power laser-induced temperature gradients induced in ethanol by bulk light absorption (λ = 1550 nm) is presented. Two optical fibers were used: One for bubble generation (OFG) and the other for both trapping and manipulation (OFT). Light from a Q-switched pulsed laser (λ = 532 nm and pulse width τp = 5 ns) propagates in fiber OFG and gets absorbed at silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), previously photodeposited, at the distal end of a fiber optic core, generating the microbubbles. In the fiber OFT, light of low power CW laser was used to trap and manipulate the bubbles by thermocapillary induced by light bulk absorption in ethanol. The microbubble generated on OFG migrates toward the fiber OFT. The equilibrium between the buoyancy force FB, drag force FD and the Marangoni force (also known as thermocapillary force) FM gives rise to a 3D stably trapping and manipulation of the microbubble for the best time to our best knowledge.

The Z-scan measurement technique is a scanning method used to know the non-linear optical behavior due third order process in different materials, some of these behaviors are: as saturable absorption, reversible and non-reversible absorbers, absorption of more than one photon, among others. This technique is based on the displacement of the sample in the direction of propagation (Z) of a laser light beam. In this work the study of the nonlinear properties of three samples was carried out through this technique using a continuous wave laser, with Gaussian profile, and emitting at λ = 1550 nm, the samples used were: ethanol, acetone, and distilled water. Nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction were observed for the three samples.

We present both the 3D trapping and manipulation of microbubbles by temperature gradients, induced by low power CW laser in absorbing liquid (ethanol). Two optical fibers were used: a multimode one for bubble generation and a single-mode one for both trapping and manipulating. One distal end of the multimode fiber was coupled to a Qswitched pulsed laser (λ=532 nm and pulse width τp=5 ns). The light propagates in the fiber and gets absorbed at silver nanoparticles, previously photodeposed at the other distal end, heating up the surrounding liquid and generating the microbubbles. On the other hand, a CW laser (λ = 1550 nm) was coupled to one distal end of the single-mode fiber, the other distal end was immersed in ethanol, inducing thermocapillary force, also called Marangoni force, that is the cornerstone in the trapping and manipulating of bubbles. The bubble generated on the multimode fiber travels towards the single-mode fiber by a careful switching of the temperature gradients. In addition to the Marangoni force, the microbubble immersed in ethanol suffers both drag force and buoyancy force. So, the equilibrium among these forces drives the 3D trapping and manipulation of the microbubble. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that 3D trapping and manipulation using low CW power es presented.

The most common approach to optically generate and manipulate bubbles in liquids involves temperature gradients induced by CW lasers. In this work, we present a method to accomplish both the generation of microbubbles and their 3D manipulation in ethanol through optothermal forces. These forces are triggered by light absorption from a nanosecond pulsed laser (λ = 532 nm) at silver nanoparticles photodeposited at the distal end of a multimode optical fiber. Light absorbed from each laser pulse quickly heats up the silver-ethanol interface beyond the ethanol critical-point (∼ 243 °C) before the heat diffuses through the liquid. Therefore, the liquid achieves a metastable state and owing to spontaneous nucleation converted to a vapor bubble attached to the optical fiber. The bubble grows with semi-spherical shape producing a counterjet in the final stage of the collapse. This jet reaches the hot nanoparticles vaporizing almost immediately and ejecting a microbubble. This microbubble-generation mechanism takes place with every laser pulse (10 kHz repetition rate) leading to the generation of a microbubbles stream. The microbubbles' velocities decrease as they move away from the optical fiber and eventually coalesce forming a larger bubble. The larger bubble is attracted to the optical fiber by the Marangoni force once it reaches a critical size while being continuously fed with each bubble of the microbubbles stream. The balance of the optothermal forces owing to the laser-pulse drives the 3D manipulation of the main bubble. A complete characterization of the trapping conditions is provided in this paper.

We demonstrate that a cone pierced in a fiber tip can stabilize microbubles photothermally generated in liquids. Bubbles can stand and monitor pressure shocks over 3.3 bar with a sensitivity below 7 mbar.

In this Letter, we show 3D steady-state trapping and manipulation of vapor bubbles in liquids employing a low-power continuous-wave laser using the Marangoni effect. Light absorption from photodeposited silver nanoparticles on the distal end of a multi-mode optical fiber is used to produce bubbles of different diameters. The thermal effects produced by either the nanoparticles on the fiber tip or the light bulk absorption modulate the surface tension of the bubble wall and creates both longitudinal and transversal forces just like optical forces, effectively creating a 3D potential well. Using numerical simulations, we obtain expressions for the temperature profiles and present analytical expressions for the Marangoni force. In addition, using an array of three fibers with photodeposited nanoparticles is used to demonstrate the transfer of bubbles from one fiber to another by sequentially switching on and off the lasers.

An experimental study on optical pulses generation using single-wall carbon nanotubes as a saturable absorbers in an Er 3 + -doped fiber laser is reported. The saturable absorber was made by the photodeposition technique to place single-wall carbon nanotubes onto an optical fiber end. This technique consists of light laser provided by an Er 3 + -doped fiber amplifier and single-wall carbon nanotubes suspended in an aqueous solution. Using a fiber splice tube, the optical fiber with the single-wall carbon nanotubes is placed in the Er 3 + -doped fiber laser cavity. The nonlinear absorption of the saturable absorber was characterized by P-scan technique using a high gain pulsed Er 3 + -doped fiber amplifier. The results demonstrated that is possible to obtain optical pulses generation by using the single-wall carbon nanotubes as saturable absorber. The pulses duration are from 8.5 to 18 μs with a repetition rate around of 16–19.5 kHz. The nonlinear absorption of the single-wall carbon nanotubes photodeposited onto an optical fiber end is approximately − 5.25 × 10 − 6 m / W .

We present the generation and 3D manipulation of microbubbles by thermal gradients, induced by low power nanosecond pulsed laser in non-absorbent liquids. Light absorption at photodeposited silver nanoparticles on the optical fiber tip heat up the surrounding liquid, which leads to optothermal effects. With each laser pulse a microbubble is detached from the optical fiber end, creating a microbubbles-stream. The microbubbles move away from the optical fiber end driven by non-spherical cavitation until they coalesce creating a main-bubble which is attracted towards the optical fiber end by Marangoni force. In addition, the main-bubbles are under the influence of buoyancy and gravity forces, which act upwards and downwards, respectively. The balance of these forces allows the 3D manipulation of the main-bubble. The main-bubble position can be controlled by careful control of the pulse energy. To our knowledge this is the first time that 3D manipulation of microbubbles using pulsed lasers is demonstrated.

A novel optical fiber probe has been developed to provide mechanical stability to microbubbles generated in fluids, the tip of the fiber is etched with hydrofluoric acid to pierce a truncated horn that fastens the microbubbles to the fiber tip and prevents misalignment or detachment caused by convection currents, vibrations or shocks in the liquid. Microbubbles are photo-thermally generated on the etched fiber and used as Fabry-Perot cavity sensor. Two methods were used to interrogate the probe: the first one, in the wavelength domain, is suitable for calibration in static or quasi static situations; the second one, in the time domain, can be used in dynamic environments. Experimental results in the wavelength domain show that the microbubble size rises linearly with temperature and decreases with the inverse of pressure; the average slopes are 27.1 μm/°C and 88.3 μm/bar respectively. Dynamic variations of temperature have been measured in the time domain, temperature changes down to 0.007 °C have been detected at a readout rate of 10 s-−1. Bubbles have been subjected to pressure shocks of 2.4 bar at a speed of 25 bar/s, pressure changes of 3.4 mbar have been resolved in the time domain at a readout rate of 20,000 s−1.

In this research, we present the results obtained with a simultaneous phase-shifting interferometric system. This system is implemented with recovered optical components from recycled electronic devices from computer’s DVD readers, LCD displays and commercial projectors. Such devices are beam splitters, diffraction gratings, mirrors, lenses and linear polarizers. These components were characterized by measuring their characteristics like transmittance, reflectivity and period of the gratings employed in order to verify its potential usage in dynamic interferometric measurements systems. The implementation is based on a Polarized Michelson interferometer (PMI) coupled with a 4-f system with a 2D diffraction grating. The system is capable of generate up to nine interferograms with comparable intensities and independent phase shifts that are modulated by polarization. We report the usage of four, seven, nine and two interferograms captured simultaneously and the processing of the interferograms is done by using conventional methods for extraction of the optical phase for each case, with the four-step algorithm for four steps, the symmetric algorithm of (N + 1) phase steps for 7 and 9, when using two interferograms the relative optical phase is calculated by means of the Vargas-Quiroga method. We analyze the temporal stability of the system by capturing 40 frames and showing its variation in each pixel to prove the repeatability of the proposed system. Related experimental results obtained for static and dynamic transparent samples are presented.

Generation and 3D manipulation of microbubbles by means of temperature gradients induced by low power laser radiation is presented. Photodeposited silver nanoparticles on the distal end of two optical fibers act as thermal sources after light absorption. The temperature rises above liquid evaporation temperature generating a microbubble at the optical fibers end in non-absorbent liquids. Alternatively, switching the thermal gradients between the fibers, it is possible to generate forces in opposite directions, causing the migration of microbubbles from one fiber optic tip to another. Marangoni force induced by surface tension gradients in the bubble wall is the driving force behind the manipulation of microbubbles

The generation and manipulation of microbubbles by means of temperature gradients induced by low power laser radiation is presented. A laser beam (λ = 1064 nm) is divided into two equal parts and coupled to two multimode optical fibers. The opposite ends of each fiber are aligned and separated a distance D within an ethanol solution. Previously, silver nanoparticles were photo deposited on the optical fibers ends. Light absorption at the nanoparticles produces a thermal gradient capable of generating a microbubble at the optical fibers end in non-absorbent liquids. The theoretical and experimental studies carried out showed that by switching the thermal gradients, it is possible to generate forces in opposite directions, causing the migration of microbubbles from one fiber optic tip to another. Marangoni force induced by surface tension gradients in the bubble wall is the driving force behind the manipulation of microbubbles. We estimated a maximum Marangoni force of 400nN for a microbubble with a radius of 110 μm.

This paper reports the implementation of an optical fiber sensor to measure the refractive index in aqueous media based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have used a novel technique known as photodeposition to immobilize silver nanoparticles on the optical fiber end. This technique has a simple instrumentation, involves laser light via an optical fiber and silver nanoparticles suspended in an aqueous medium. The optical sensor was assembled using a tungsten lamp as white light, a spectrometer, and an optical fiber with silver nanoparticles. The response of this sensor is such that the LSPR peak wavelength is linearly shifted to longer wavelengths as the refractive index is increased, showing a sensitivity of 67.6 nm/RIU. Experimental results are presented.

The article Dynamic Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a Michelson configuration and a cube beam splitter system written by A. Montes Perez, G. Rodriguez-Zurita, V. H. Flores-Munoz, G. Parra-Escamilla, D. I. Serrano-Garcia, A. Martinez-Garcia, J. M. Islas-Islas, J. G. Ortega-Mendoza, L. Garcia Lechuga, and Noel-Ivan Toto-Arellano was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently Springer Link) on 10 February 2019 without open access.

In this paper, we report the experimental study of synchronous nanosecond pulse generation in an array of three coupled erbium-doped ring fiber lasers. We obtain the pulse generation by means of an amplitude modulator placed in one of the cavities and through the nonlinear energy interaction between the modulated cavity and the other cavities. Synchronous pulse generation is achieved in the array by an appropriate selection of coupling ratio between the cavities and the matching of cavity lengths, as well as the frequency modulation. We confirm synchronous generation through the phase diagrams and the spectral emission.

An optical method to obtain a colloidal solution starting from a mixture of silver nanopowder and ethanol is presented. The particles of the silver nanopowder do not exhibit a specific shape, however in the colloidal solution are spherical. This method is carry out when the mixture is irradiated with a pulsed laser at 532 nm via optical fiber. Due to a stronger absorption of the laser light by silver nanoparticles arise both photofragmentation and photomelting processes. The photomelting process starts when the laser energy is 5 mJ/cm 2 , inducing an enlargement of nanoparticles whereas the photofragmentation occurs when the laser energy is 25 mJ/cm 2 causing a reduction on their sizes (the higher energy is, the smaller nanoparticles are). Results show that it is possible to obtain a colloidal silver solution and to control the particle size by adjusting the laser energy. Experiments were performed at 5 and 25 mJ/cm 2 , and the results are presented.

In this work, a passively Q-switched erbium-doped ring laser using zinc nanoparticles as a saturable absorber is studied and experimentally demonstrated. To achieve this, a saturable absorber was developed through a selective incorporation of zinc nanoparticles onto the core of an optical fiber using a coherent light source of an infrared laser at 1550 nm, then the saturable absorber was inserted into a laser cavity. The laser has a threshold pump power of 57.7 mW at 980 nm, and a range of pulse-repetition rate from 12.3 to 43 kHz. The highest pulse energy of 2.6 nJ was obtained at a repetition rate of 43 kHz and an output wavelength of 1565.5 nm. In addition, the saturable absorber was morphologically characterized by using both scanning electron and atomic force microscopy showing a uniform distribution of nanoparticles deposited on the optical fiber core. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a Q-switched fiber laser using Zn nanoparticles as a device of saturable absorption.

A study of optically induced Zn/ZnO nanoparticles selective deposition using a coherent light source on single-mode fiber optic end is presented. In the numerical studies, Zn/ZnO spherical nanoparticles are considered dissolved in isopropyl alcohol with different diameters under the influence of a Gaussian beam with fundamental mode and linear polarization. The results of this study show that the gradient force is not sufficient to move Zn nanoparticles toward optical fiber end face, but it is sufficient to move ZnO nanoparticles of a certain diameter. In the experimental studies, Zn/ZnO nanoparticles were mixed with isopropyl alcohol and subsequently deposited on the fiber end face using an infrared laser. The results obtained by atomic force and optical microscopy show a good uniform distribution of nanostructures deposited on the core of the fiber end face.

By using the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) technique tungsten thin films were deposited on amorphous quartz substrates. To achieve this, a tungsten filament was heated at 1300 °C during 30 minutes maintaining a constant pressure inside the chamber at 460 mTorr and substrate at 700 °C. Transition from tungsten oxide deposits to tungsten thin films, by varying the substrate temperature, were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction and, micro-Raman spectroscopy. The SEM micrographs reveal that the tungsten films have no more than 200 nm in thickness while XRD show evidence of the films crystallize in the a-tungsten modification. On the other hand, AFM shows that the tungsten thin films exhibit a uniform and smooth surface composed with semi-spherical shapes whose diameters are below than 50 nm. Furthermore, to the naked eye, the as-deposited tungsten films exhibit a high mirror-like appearance.

The radiation pressure forces for Au nanoparticles in the Rayleigh regime under the influence of a coherent source of infrared light from 0.7-1.5 μm of a Gaussian beam with fundamental mode corresponding to the TEM 00 mode are studied. An intensity distribution of the source in terms of the spot size and power are considered to analyze the gradient, scattering and absorption forces on a sphere located arbitrarily on a Gaussian beam. The results have shown, through an analysis stability, the optical manipulation is better suited for longer wavelengths, small particles, and a beam waist significantly reduced.

We report the experimental study of a multicavity fiber laser system conformed by an array of three erbium-doped fibers laser cavities. We have demonstrated that through the nonlinear interaction of evanescent fields among one cavity with active modulation and all the others it is possible to accomplish the mode-locking for all the laser cavities. Moreover, both temporal and spectral synchronous pulse generation between cavities is obtained with an appropriate selection of pump intensity, frequency modulation and coupling ratio.

We report the experimental study of a multicavity fiber laser system conformed by an array of three Erbiumdoped fiber laser cavities. We have demonstrated that through the nonlinear interaction of evanescent fields among one cavity with active modulation and all the others it is possible to accomplish the mode‐locking for all the laser cavities. Moreover, the synchronous pulse generation between cavities is obtained with an appropriate selection of pump intensity, frequency modulation and coupling ratio.

In this work, the simultaneous presence of saturable (SA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) in zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) photodeposited onto the core of an optical fiber was studied in the nanosecond regime with the P-scan method using a high gain pulsed erbium-doped fiber amplifier. An analysis based on Mie theory was carried out to demonstrate the influence of the absorption coefficient with the particles sizes in the proximity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The shift from TPA to SA has been observed as the irradiance is increased. It was found that for irradiances lower than 5 MW/cm², TPA is dominant, whereas for irradiances higher than 5 MW/cm², the SA becomes dominant. Furthermore, the values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient and the imaginary part of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility were calculated numerically from the transmittance measured. Such TPA makes ZnNPs a candidate for optical limiting applications, and SA makes them a candidate for applications in pulsed fiber laser systems.

An experimental and theoretical study about selective photodeposition of metallic zinc nanoparticles onto an optical fiber end is presented. It is well known that metallic nanoparticles possess a high absorption coefficient and therefore trapping and manipulation is more challenging than dielectric particles. Here, we demonstrate a novel trapping mechanism that involves laser-induced convection flow (due to heat transfer from the zinc particles) that partially compensates both absorption and scattering forces in the vicinity of the fiber end. The gradient force is too small and plays no role on the deposition process. The interplay of these forces produces selective deposition of particles whose size is directly controlled by the laser power. In addition, a novel trapping mechanism termed convective-optical trapping is demonstrated.

We report the experimental setup of a high power pulsed erbium-doped fiber amplifier. An optical signal at 1550 nm emitted by a distributed feedback laser is amplified by two identical stages in reflective configuration using one fiber Bragg grating at each one of those. We demonstrated that for pulses with a frequency of 20 kHz and temporal duration of 10, 50, 100, and 500 ns, it is possible to obtain output peak powers of 41, 22, 18, and 11 W, respectively. We applied our high power amplifier in the characterization of nonlinear optical transmission of single-wall carbon nanotubes deposited on single mode optical fibers end-face by the photodeposition technique. Our results show that the high power system is ideal for carrying out studies of nonlinear effects in optical fibers as well as nonlinear characterization of nanostructured materials deposited on optical fibers.

We report the results on the nonlinear optical response of SWCNTs photodeposited on an optical fiber using an experimental setup of a high power pulsed erbium-doped fiber amplifier.