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1. Effects of past climate variability on fire and vegetation in the cerrãdo savanna of the Huanchaca Mesetta, NE Bolivia

Author

S. Y. Maezumi, M. J. Power, F. E. Mayle, K. K. McLauchlan, and J. Iriarte

Subjects
Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Cerrãdo savannas have the greatest fire activity of all major global land-cover types and play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. During the 21st century, temperatures are projected to increase by ~ 3 °C coupled with a precipitation decrease of ~ 20%. Although these conditions could potentially intensify drought stress, it is unknown how that might alter vegetation composition and fire regimes. To assess how Neotropical savannas responded to past climate changes, a 14 500-year, high-resolution, sedimentary record from Huanchaca Mesetta, a palm swamp located in the cerrãdo savanna in northeastern Bolivia, was analyzed with phytoliths, stable isotopes, and charcoal. A non-analogue, cold-adapted vegetation community dominated the Lateglacial–early Holocene period (14 500–9000 cal yr BP, which included trees and C3 Pooideae and C4 Panicoideae grasses. The Lateglacial vegetation was fire-sensitive and fire activity during this period was low, likely responding to fuel availability and limitation. Although similar vegetation characterized the early Holocene, the warming conditions associated with the onset of the Holocene led to an initial increase in fire activity. Huanchaca Mesetta became increasingly fire-dependent during the middle Holocene with the expansion of C4 fire-adapted grasses. However, as warm, dry conditions, characterized by increased length and severity of the dry season, continued, fuel availability decreased. The establishment of the modern palm swamp vegetation occurred at 5000 cal yr BP. Edaphic factors are the first-order control on vegetation on the rocky quartzite mesetta. Where soils are sufficiently thick, climate is the second-order control of vegetation on the mesetta. The presence of the modern palm swamp is attributed to two factors: (1) increased precipitation that increased water table levels and (2) decreased frequency and duration of surazos (cold wind incursions from Patagonia) leading to increased temperature minima. Natural (soil, climate, fire) drivers rather than anthropogenic drivers control the vegetation and fire activity at Huanchaca Mesetta. Thus the cerrãdo savanna ecosystem of the Huanchaca Plateau has exhibited ecosystem resilience to major climatic changes in both temperature and precipitation since the Lateglacial period.

Published
2015
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2. Muerte cerebral: ¿es un término adecuado?

Author

J. Iriarte, J.A. Palma, E. Kufoy, and M.J. de Miguel

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Resumen: Objetivo: “Muerte cerebral” es un término generalmente aceptado para indicar la muerte. Fue introducido hace más de 40 años y, desde entonces, se considera la situación ideal para la donación de órganos. Sin embargo, existen serios problemas con respecto a la comprensión de este concepto, tanto en profesionales médicos como en la población general. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta a estudiantes universitarios de facultades médicas y no médicas para comprobar la interpretación del concepto de muerte cerebral. Resultados: Menos de un tercio de los estudiantes no médicos identificaron claramente muerte cerebral con muerte. Los datos en estudiantes de Medicina diferían a medida que los cursos eran más avanzados, pero sólo dos tercios de los alumnos de último curso de Medicina pensaban que la muerte cerebral equivalía a muerte. Resultados similares se han encontrado en universidades de otros países, siendo necesario un mayor esfuerzo en la docencia del concepto de muerte cerebral. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo muestran la confusión existente entre universitarios a la hora de interpretar el término “muerte cerebral”; aunque esta confusión no es extrapolable a la población general es probable que la confusión en la población no sea menor. Por ello, dada la importancia del tema, deberían plantearse soluciones para resolver esta confusión, bien explicando mejor el término o modificando la terminología. Abstract: Introduction: Brain death is generally accepted as a concept to indicate death. It was introduced about 40 years ago, and it was considered the ideal situation for donation of organs. Methods: During this time, however, there have been problems in the understanding of this concept both in the medical profession and in the general population. University students from medical and non-medical schools were tested for their understanding of this concept. Results: Our results show that less than one third of the non-medical students identified brain death as death. The data from the medical students changed as they progressed through their studies, but only 2/3 of the graduating medical class believed that brain death is death. Conclusion: Similar results have been seen in other universities around the world, and a renewed effort on the re-education of the concept of brain death may be worthwhile. Although we cannot extrapolate these results to the general population, the confusion is probably similar; hence an effort should be made to solve this problem. Palabras clave: Muerte cerebral, Malinterpretación, Keywords: Brain death, Misunderstanding

Published
2012
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3. Brain death: Is it an appropriate term?

Author

J. Iriarte, J.A. Palma, E. Kufoy, and M.J. de Miguel

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Introduction: Brain death is generally accepted as a concept to indicate death. It was introduced about 40 years ago, and it was considered the ideal situation for donation of organs. Material and methods: During this time, however, there have been problems in the understanding of this concept both in the medical profession and in the general population. University students from medical and non-medical schools were tested for their understanding of this concept. Results: Our results show that less than one third of the non-medical students identified brain death as death. The data from the medical students changed as they progressed through their studies, but only 2/3 of the graduating medical class believed that brain death is death. Conclusion: Similar results have been seen in other universities around the world, and a renewed effort on the re-education of the concept of brain death may be worthwhile. Although we cannot extrapolate these results to the general population, the confusion is probably similar; hence an effort should be made to solve this problem. Resumen: Objetivo: “Muerte cerebral” es un término generalmente aceptado para indicar la muerte. Fue introducido hace más de 40 años, y, desde entonces, se considera la situación ideal para la donación de órganos. Sin embargo, existen serios problemas con respecto a la comprensión de este concepto, tanto en profesionales médicos como en la población general. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta a estudiantes universitarios de facultades médicas y no médicas para comprobar la interpretación del concepto de muerte cerebral. Resultados: Menos de un tercio de los estudiantes no médicos identificaron claramente muerte cerebral con muerte. Los datos en estudiantes de Medicina diferían a medida que los cursos eran más avanzados, pero sólo dos tercios de los alumnos de último curso de Medicina pensaban que la muerte cerebral equivalía a muerte. Resultados similares se han encontrado en universidades de otros países, siendo necesario un mayor esfuerzo en la docencia del concepto de muerte cerebral. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo muestran la confusión existente entre universitarios a la hora de interpretar el término “muerte cerebral”; aunque esta confusión no es extrapolable a la población general es probable que la confusión en la población no sea menor. Por ello, dada la importancia del tema, deberían plantearse soluciones para resolver esta confusión, bien explicando mejor el término o modificando la terminología. Keywords: Brain death, Misunderstanding, Palabras clave: Muerte cerebral, Malinterpretación

Published
2012
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4. Hemobilia secundaria a colecistitis crónica Hemobilia secondary to chronic cholecystitis

Author

R. de Quinta Frutos, L. Moles Morenilla, F. Docobo Durantez, J. A. Soto Pradas, J. Iriarte Calvo, and A. Vázquez Medina

Subjects
Hemobilia, Ultrasound imaging, Cholecystitis, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

The term hemobilia is used to describe the presence of blood in the biliary tract. We report a case of symptomatic hemobilia associated with chronic cholecystitis in a 57-year-old man with jaundice, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and epigastric pain. We review the etiology of this condition and highlight the role of abdominal ultrasonography in its diagnosis. In our case, abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of clots inside the gallbladder. The clinical condition was resolved by means of a cholecystectomy. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

Published
2004

5. Hemobilia secundaria a colecistitis crónica

Author

R. de Quinta Frutos, L. Moles Morenilla, F. Docobo Durantez, J. A. Soto Pradas, J. Iriarte Calvo, and A. Vázquez Medina

Subjects
hemobilia, ultrasound imaging, cholecystitis, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

The term hemobilia is used to describe the presence of blood in the biliary tract. We report a case of symptomatic hemobilia associated with chronic cholecystitis in a 57-year-old man with jaundice, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and epigastric pain. We review the etiology of this condition and highlight the role of abdominal ultrasonography in its diagnosis. In our case, abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of clots inside the gallbladder. The clinical condition was resolved by means of a cholecystectomy. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

6. The Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Associations in South America: A Case Study of Argentinean and Brazilian Cattle Raising Productive Ecosystems: A Review

Author

Mónica A. Lugo, Roberto Emanuel Ontivero, Hebe J. Iriarte, Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev, and Marcela C. Pagano

Subjects
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, agroecology, pastures, grasslands, cattle raising, Argentina, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Mycorrhizal fungus diversity is an ecosystem health indicator, and thus, the appreciation of the aboveground as well as the belowground biota, such as fungi associated with natural and managed ecosystems, is essential to provide sustainable products and suggestions to farmers. Less is known about the totally arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal endophytes useful to agroecology, which are environment friendly microbial biofertilizers to mitigate the complications of conventional farming. Specific AMF are found in most covers; grassy ecosystems are increasingly investigated through their exclusive fungal species that improve sustainable cultivation. Different grazed pastures, forages, and their diversity are important objects of study either in economic or ecological scope. Based on recent reports, the occurrence of AMF in grasslands and pastures is significant, supporting more diverse AMF than native forests. Therefore, we show current information on these topics. We conducted a Web of Science search of published articles on AMF, pastures, and grasslands and analyzed them. The results confirmed the important role of pH as the driver of AMF diversity distribution between the grassy ecosystems from Argentina and Brazil. In grasslands, the main family represented was Glomeraceae, while pastures maintain predominantly Acaulosporaceae. Brazilian grasslands and pastures presented four times the AMF richness of those from Argentina.

Published
2023
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7. Effect of Land-Use Change on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Diversity in an Argentinean Endemic Native Forest

Author

Roberto Emanuel Ontivero, Lucía V. Risio, Hebe J. Iriarte, and Mónica A. Lugo

Subjects
mycorrhiza, forest, crops, Plant ecology, QK900-989, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs, Glomeromycota) are biotrophic mutualistic symbionts of 80% of terrestrial plants. AMFs increase their hosts’ growth through their contribution to water and nutrient absorption from the soil to the plant roots. The different AMF taxa vary in their edaphic and nutritional preferences, the host species ranges and the seasonal changes in sporulation features. The increase in the world human population and the global demand for natural resources have acted as an important driving force for agricultural changes in Argentina in the last 150 years. Particularly, the Prosopis caldenia Burkart forests (or “Caldenales”) have suffered an important reduction in the last 10 years. Here, we studied AMF abundance and diversity in four land uses and their relationship with soil and vegetation characteristics. The land uses selected were native forest (Caldenales), Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees pasture, Medicago sativa L. cropfield and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) cropfield. AMF spores were extracted from soil by the traditional method and were identified by their morphological features. Cluster analysis divided the land uses into two groups; Kruskal–Wallis tests showed significant differences in AMF abundance and richness between land uses; the AMF abundance and tree richness were negatively correlated, showing less abundance of AMF spores in the plots with the highest richness of tree species. Our results suggest that land use and vegetation richness have a strong influence on the AMF community. Agricultural activities would negatively influence the AMF species diversity but would not negatively affect the spore abundance.

Published
2022
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8. EuroQol-5D-3L in Long Covid Patients After Supplementation with EchA Marine®, a Sea Urchin Eggs Extract: a double-blinded, multicentrical randomized trial.

Author

Brichetti, V., primary, Rubilar, T., additional, T, J., additional, Montecino, P., additional, Crespi-Abril, A.C., additional, Barbieri, E., additional, Núñez, M.R., additional, Vásquez, J. Iriarte, additional, Jajati, M., additional, Volonteri, C., additional, Sivori, M., additional, de Larrañaga, G., additional, and Saldarini, F., additional

Published
2023
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11. The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula

Author

Joseba Rios-Garaizar, Eneko Iriarte, Lee J. Arnold, Laura Sánchez-Romero, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Aixa San Emeterio, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Carflos Pérez-Garrido, Martina Demuro, Isidoro Campaña, Laurence Bourguignon, Alfonso Benito-Calvo, María J. Iriarte, Arantza Aranburu, Amaia Arranz-Otaegi, Diego Garate, María Silva-Gago, Christelle Lahaye, Illuminada Ortega, Rios-Garaizar, Joseba [0000-0001-8474-2156], Demuro, Martina [0000-0002-5799-4216], Silva-Gago, María [0000-0003-1383-3039], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
Paris, Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, Labeko koba, renne, Social sciences, Paleontología, Arqueología, middle, site, origin, Animals, humans, Neanderthals, grotte, Multidisciplinary, Biology and life sciences, Fossils, FOS: Social sciences, chronology, Physical sciences, Europe, Earth sciences, France, People and places, Research Article
Abstract

Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is the Chatelperronian, which extends from the Paris Basin to the Northern Iberian Peninsula between 43,760-39,220 BP. In this study we present the first open-air Chatelperronian site in the Northern Iberian Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features of its stone tool assemblage show no links with previous Middle Paleolithic technology in the region, and chronological modeling reveals a gap between the latest Middle Paleolithic and the Chatelperronian in this area. We interpret this as evidence of local Neandertal extinction and replacement by other Neandertal groups coming from southern France, illustrating how local extinction episodes could have played a role in the process of disappearance of Neandertals. Research at Aranbaltza site has been funded by Diputacion Foral de Bizkaia (2013-2020), Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza (2014-2015), Harpea Kultur Elkartea (2013-2017), Edestiaurre Arkeologi Elkartea (2018). OSL dating research conducted by M.D. and L.J.A. was partly supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship grant FT200100816. AGO was supported by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22558). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Published
2022

13. The ‘Asturian’ and its neighbours in the twentyfirst century: Recent perspectives on the Mesolithic of northern Spain

Author

Pablo Arias, Esteban Álvarez-Fernández, Miriam Cubas, Miguel Ángel Fano, María J. Iriarte-Chiapusso, Mercedes Pérez Bartolomé, and Jesús Tapia

Abstract

For one hundred years the Asturian has been the main reference point for the Mesolithic of northern Spainat both national and international levels. However, from the very beginning of research, some Basquecounterparts to the eastern Asturian shell middens were added to the list and were very soon studied by T.de Aranzadi, J. M. de Barandiaran, and E. de Eguren. This research history resulted in a dual research tradition,with a poor definition of the Cantabria Mesolithic, which acted as a firebreak between the two areas. In recentyears, a significant amount of research has been carried out in this region. Therefore, it has become possibleto compare the Mesolithic in different areas of Cantabrian Spain and to address the issue of the degree ofcontinuity. Can we speak of a northern Spanish Mesolithic; or should we rather define several discrete areas?This paper presents the results of field and laboratory investigations conducted over the last five years, andprovides an updated view on the last hunter-gatherers in this part of the Iberian Peninsula.

Published
2021

14. Giovanni Meo Zilio's philological contributions to the translation of Martín Fierro

Author

Sara J. Iriarte

Subjects
mario todesco, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, P101-410, martín fierro, crocitto cuonzo, giovanni meo zilio, PC1-5498, folco testena, lengua gauchesca, traducción al italiano, Romanic languages
Abstract

The objective of this article is to characterize Giovanni Meo Zilio's performance as a translator of Martín Fierro, focusing especially on his philological approach to the study and translation of Hernández's work —a contribution which made it possible for him to produce an Italian version that surpassed the previous three. With this aim in view, and based on Meo Zilio's studies of Hernández, firstly we reconstructed the development of his personal translation strategy. Secondly, we carried out a comparison of source and target text, which allowed us to infer the extent to which Meo Zilio's theoretical assumptions reached his translation practice. In order to counterpoint and enrich this comparative analysis, we also made use of Folco Testena's translation of Martín Fierro, which is the first rendering of the work into Italian and the most widespread to the present day. Thus, we looked into the resulting advancements of the philological approach incorporated by Meo Zilio, as well as some of the translation challenges posed by this work, which are still open to those who decide to undertake the task of attempting a translation into the Italian language.

Published
2020

15. Arrillor cave (Basque Country, northern Iberian Penisula). Chronological, palaeo-environmental and cultural notes on a long Mousterian sequence

Author

M. J. Iriarte-Chiapusso, Rachel Wood, and A. Sáenz de Buruaga

Subjects
Prehistory, Sequence (geology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cave, Christian ministry, Mousterian, Archaeology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

This research has been co-funded by different projects and institutions. In the first place, by the Prehistory Research Group at the UPVEHU (IT-622-13) and the PALEOGATE project (HAR2014-53536-P) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO).

Published
2019
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17. Walter Owen, the translator of Martin Fierro

Author

Sara J. Iriarte

Subjects
patrocinador, lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America, lcsh:French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, editor, lcsh:PQ1-3999, lcsh:F1201-3799, Traducción literaria, agencia cultural
Abstract

This article seeks to: i) deal with the translation into English of José Hernández’ Martín Fierro, undertaken by Walter Owen from a translator-as-cultural-agent-centered perspective; ii) explore into Owen’s active participation as a patron to the literary project; iii) analyze the “gaucho” representations as they appear in editorial paratexts; iv) unveil the source culture discourses interacting with new interpretations proving the production of new meanings that result from translation.

Published
2017

18. Impact of land use history on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in arid soils of Argentinean farming fields

Author

R Emanuel Ontivero, Mónica A. Lugo, Lucia Veronica Risio Allione, Valeria Bianciotto, Hebe J Iriarte, Paolo Bianco, Samuele Voyron, and Erica Lumini

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Crops, Agricultural, Avian crop, Nitrogen, Argentina, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Glomeromycota abundance, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, Fungal Diversity, Mycorrhizae, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Andean highland crops, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, soil fungal biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, Land use, business.industry, Fungi, Forestry, Biodiversity, Illumina MiSeq, Arid, Crop Production, Geography, Agriculture, Soil water, Calcium, Species richness, Arbuscular mycorrhizal, business, richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, Mycobiome
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key soil functional group, with an important potential to increase crop productivity and sustainable agriculture including food security. However, there is clear evidence that land uses, crop rotations and soil features affect the AMF diversity and their community functioning in many agroecosystems. So far, the information related to AMF biodiversity in ecosystems like the Argentinean Puna, an arid high plateau where plants experience high abiotic stresses, is still scarce. In this work, we investigated morphological and molecular AMF diversity in soils of native corn, bean and native potato Andean crops, under a familiar land use, in Chaupi Rodeo (Jujuy, Argentina), without agrochemical supplements but with different histories of crop rotation. Our results showed that AMF morphological diversity was not only high and variable among the three different crop soils but also complemented by Illumina MiSeq data. The multivariate analyses highlighted that total fungal diversity is significantly affected by the preceding crop plants and the rotation histories, more than from the present crop species, while AMF communities are significantly affected by preceding crop only in combination with the effect of nitrogen and calcium soil concentration. This knowledge will give useful information on appropriate familiar farming.

Published
2020
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19. Vitis vinifera in the Iberian Peninsula: A review

Author

R. Ocete-Rubio, M. J. Iriarte-Chiapusso, C.A. Ocete-Pérez, and Begoña Hernández-Beloqui

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, education.field_of_study, Cultivated plant taxonomy, geography.geographical_feature_category, Population, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Paleoethnobotany, Peninsula, Botany, Paleobotany, Viticulture, Genetic erosion, education, Domestication, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The origin of the Eurasian grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. and the different steps in the development of viticulture from the wild grapevine to the modern varietal situation in the Iberian Peninsula are reviewed here. The ancestors of Vitis vinifera subs. sylvestris, the only representative of the Vitis genus in natural Eurasian and North African ecosystems, appeared in the late Miocene. In the Iberian Peninsula, human action has significantly reduced the habitat of this species, whose oldest palaeobotanical remains go back to the late Pleistocene. The introduction of viticulture in Iberia is connected with the relationships between the indigenous population and the trading colonies founded by Phoenicians and Greeks. In this way, there is evidence of wine production and consumption, even as a ritual and prestige item, going back to the third millennium BP. Chloroplast genome studies carried out in wild and cultivated plants indicate that a secondary domestication process occurred in the Iberian Penin...

Published
2016
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20. Sliding resistance of rectangular vs. beveled archwires in two self-ligating brackets: a finite element study

Author

Armando J, Iriarte, Susana, Ortiz, Katerine, Cubides-Flechas, Catalina, Olaya, and Gustavo, Jaimes-Monroy

Subjects
Dental Stress Analysis, Friction, Orthodontic Brackets, Finite Element Analysis, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Wires, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Stainless Steel
Abstract

The aim of this study was to use a 3-D finite element method (FEM) to compare the sliding resistance of 0.019"x0.025" stainless steel conventional archwires versus 0.019"x0.025" stainless steel beveled archwires in active (In-Ovation® Dentsply) and passive (SmartClip®, 3M) self-ligating brackets with 0.022" x 0.028" slots. A model was designed for each kind of bracket-archwire system and the following parameters were introduced in the models: friction coefficient calculated for stainless steel bracket-wire: 0.7 pm; Poisson ratio for stainless steel wire: 0.3, and elastic module: 205 GPa for bracket and 190 GPa for archwire. Static structural analysis was applied for homogeneous, linear and isotropic properties considering contacts between wire and bracket as frictional. The results indicate that the beveled archwire generates less stress than the rectangular wire in SmartClip® and In-Ovation® brackets. Comparing brackets, SmartClip® generated less stress than InOvation®. It is concluded that beveled rectangular arch wires provide the advantage of reduced sliding resistance, which is better in some clinical situations to improve orthodontic mechanics.El objetivo de este artículo fue comparar con el método tridimensional de elementos finitos (MEF) el comportamiento de la resistencia al deslizamiento expresado en esfuerzos de arcos de acero inoxidable 0.019"x0.025" convencionales y arcos de acero inoxidable con bisel de 0.019"x0.025" en brackets de autoligado slot 0.022" x 0.028" activo (InOvation® "R" Dentsply) y pasivo (SmartClip® 3M). Se diseñó un modelo de los brackets de autoligado In-Ovation® "R" Dentsply, SmartClip® 3My de los arcos de acero inoxidable convencionales y arcos de acero inoxidable con bisel, el análisis se calculó con el coeficiente de fricción para el bracket de acero inoxidable con el del arco de acero inoxidable: p 0.7. La relación de Poisson 0.3 para el arco de acero inoxidable. El módulo de elasticidad del bracket: 205 GPa y del arco: 190 GPa. La aplicación del método se realizó para un análisis estructural estático con condiciones de material homogéneas, lineales e isotrópicas y con contactos de tipo fricción entre el arco y el bracket. Se observó que el arco biselado generó menos esfuerzo que el arco rectangular en el bracket SmartClip® y en el bracket In-Ovation® "R", siendo el SmartClip® en el que se generó menor esfuerzo. Se encontró que existe una ventaja en el uso de los arcos rectangulares con bisel ya que presentan menor resistencia al deslizamiento optimizando en algunas situaciones clínicas las mecánicas ortodónticas.

Published
2019

21. El sueño y su patología

Author

F. Escobar, J. Iriarte, and E. Urrestarazu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, mental disorders, Insomnia, Medicine, General Medicine, Circadian Rhythm Disorders, medicine.symptom, business, Psychiatry, Sleep in non-human animals, Abnormal movements
Abstract

Sleep disorders are a prevalent group of diseases. In addition to the sleep-related symptoms that appear in many other diseases, proper sleep-disorders are frequent and often relevant. The International Classification of 2014, ICSD-3, distinguishes Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Parasomnias, Circadian Rhythm Disorders, abnormal movements during the sleep, respiratory disorders and a group of other disorders.

Published
2015
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22. The chronology of the earliest Upper Palaeolithic in northern Iberia: New insights from L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña

Author

M. J. Iriarte-Chiapusso, David Santamaría, Thomas Higham, M Camps, Aritza Villaluenga, Alvaro Arrizabalaga, Stewart Fallon, Rachel Wood, Julià Maroto, M. de la Rasilla, Narcís Soler, Rhys Jones, Joaquim Soler, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Espanya)

Subjects
Radiocarbon dating, Paleolithic period -- Spain, Neanderthal, Pleistocene, Bone and Bones, law.invention, Paleontology, law, biology.animal, Animals, Humans, Mosterià -- Espanya, Chatelperronien culture -- Spain, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mammals, Aurinyacià -- Espanya, Radiocarboni, Mètode del, Aurignacian culture -- Spain, biology, Radiometric Dating, Mousterian, Mousterian culture -- Spain, Before Present, Châtelperronià -- Espanya, Biological Evolution, Paleolític superior -- Espanya, Archaeology, Chronology as Topic, Spain, Anthropology, Châtelperronian, Gravetià -- Espanya, Gravettian culture -- Spain, Aurignacian, Geology, Chronology
Abstract

Since the late 1980s, northern Iberia has yielded some of the earliest radiocarbon dated Aurignacian assemblages in Western Europe, probably produced by anatomically modern humans (AMHs). This is at odds with its location furthest from the likely eastern entry point of AMHs, and has also suggested to some that the Châtelperronian resulted from cultural transfer from AMHs to Neanderthals. However, the accuracy of the early chronology has been extensively disputed, primarily because of the poor association between the dated samples and human activity. Here, we test the chronology of three sites in northern Iberia, L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña, by radiocarbon dating ultrafiltered collagen from anthropogenically modified bones. The published dates from Labeko Koba are shown to be significant underestimates due to the insufficient removal of young contaminants. The early (c.44 ka cal BP [thousands of calibrated years before present]) Aurignacian chronology at L'Arbreda cannot be reproduced, but the reason for this is difficult to ascertain. The existing chronology of La Viña is found to be approximately correct. Together, the evidence suggests that major changes in technocomplexes occurred contemporaneously between the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of northern Iberia, with the Aurignacian appearing around 42 ka cal BP, a date broadly consistent with the appearance of this industry elsewhere in Western Europe This research was funded by a NERC Standard grant (NE/D014077/1) as part of the project 'Dating of the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in western Europe using ultrafiltration AMS radiocarbon' for which we are extremely grateful. R. Wood was funded by a tied studentship to this grant. A. Villaluenga was funded by the Basque Government Ph.D. funding program. Roger Jacobi, British Museum, is thanked for discussions, invaluable advice in sample selection and bone identification. Javier Fortea, Universidad de Oviedo, is thanked for help in sample selection and interpretation of results from La Villa. Both sadly passed away during the course of this project Maite Izquierdo, Heritage Preservation, Basque Government, is thanked for help sampling bone from Labeko Koba. Excavation and research at l'Arbreda is funded by the Culture Ministry of Catalonia and the ministerial projects HAR2010-19120 (The Middle Palaeolithic of the L'Arbreda Cave) and HAR2010-22013 (Cultural, Paleoenvironmental and Chronological History of the Last Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans in the North of the Iberian Peninsula)

Published
2014
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23. A three dimensional free body analysis describing variation in the musculoskeletal configuration of the cynodont lower jaw

Author

D A, Reed, J, Iriarte-Diaz, and T G H, Diekwisch

Subjects
Mammals, Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Mandible, Biological Evolution, Phylogeny
Abstract

The evolution of the middle ear from the cynodont craniomandibular bones is one of the key mammalian innovations, and the mechanics underlying this anatomical transformation represents an intriguing paradox. Because the jaw joint of nonmammalian cynodonts was functionally coupled to the inner ear, auditory performance would favor low joint reaction forces. However, this could not be achieved at the expense of feeding performance, favoring high bite forces. The balance of these two seemingly incompatible performance criteria in the context of the morphological diversity of the cynodont lower jaw is poorly understood. Here we derive a series of equations using three dimensional free body analysis that describe the relationship between the orientation and position of the jaw elevator muscles, the position of the jaw articulation relative to the bite point, the joint reaction forces and the bite force in the lower jaw of the nonmammalian cynodont Probainognathus. These equations permit the effects of variation in each variable to be tested independently, yielding three terms that act to limit joint reaction forces without substantially impacting bite force: the reorientation of the resultant muscle force more vertically, shifting the position of the bite point medial to the jaw articulation, and elevating the jaw articulation above the level with the tooth row only when the muscles are oriented principally in the anterior direction. The predictions from our equations provide insights for functional interpretations of patterns of morphological diversity in the cynodont fossil record. They also illustrate that the musculoskeletal configuration of the cynodont lower jaw can be evolutionarily labile without negatively impacting the dual performance criteria of the auditory and feeding system.

Published
2016

24. Past and present small mammals of Isla Mocha (Chile)

Author

Bárbara Saavedra, D. Quiroz, and J. Iriarte

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Population, Octodon pacificus, Abrothrix, biology.organism_classification, Abrothrix longipilis, Animal ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, Species richness, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geoxus
Abstract

Summary We describe archaeozoological and extant small mammals from Isla Mocha, an island located in south-central Chile. Species composition was compared among past and present assemblages. Also composition, as well as individual and population parameters were compared among island habitats. Specimens from archaeological sites included Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Abrothrix sp., and Octodon pacificus, whereas Abrothrix longipilis, A. olivaceus, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, and Geoxus valdivianus were captured. Higher richness was observed in intermediate-disturbed habitat. Body size and tail length, as well as body mass did not vary among island habitats for A. longipilis or A. olivaceus. Higher abundance was associated to less perturbed habitat.

Published
2003
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25. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin B6 and PQQ-dependent Proteins

Author

Ana J. Iriarte, Herbert M. Kagan, Marino Martinez-Carrion, Ana J. Iriarte, Herbert M. Kagan, and Marino Martinez-Carrion

Subjects
Vitamin B6--Congresses, PQQ (Biochemistry)--Congresses, Enzymes--Regulation--Congresses
Abstract

Since the first international meeting on Vitamin B6 involvement in catalysis took place in 1962, there have been periodic meetings every three or four years. In 1990, scientists studying another cofactor, PQQ, which had already attracted the scientific community's interest for its possible involvement in amino acid decarboxylation and reactions involving amino groups, joined forces with those investigating pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Since then, the international PQQ/quinoproteins meetings have been held jointly. In the years following the original meeting 37 years ago in Rome, Italy, the scientific gatherings have taken place in Moscow, Russia (1966); Nagoya, Japan (1967); Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Russia (1974); Toronto, Canada (1979); Athens, Greece (1983); Turku, Finland (1987); Osaka, Japan (1990); and Capri, Italy (1996). For the first time in the history of these symposia, the international meeting was held in the United States, from October 31 through November 5, 1999, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The scientific program focus shifted significantly beyond the original emphasis on catalysis to aspects such as cellular and genetic regulation of events involving proteins that require pyridoxal phosphate or quinoproteins. The growing awareness of the involvement of these proteins in biotechnology processes and fundamental physiological events, as well as their implication in diseases, was also represented, with emphasis on the molecular basis of these events. The meeting was symposium S278, sponsored by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).

Published
2012

26. The timing and spatio−temporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance

Author

Higham, T. F. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Barroso−ruíz, C., Conard, N. J., Galván, B., Garcia−moreno, A., M−j. Iriarte−chiapusso, Jordá Pardo, J. F., J−m. Maíllo−fernández, Riel−salvatore, J., Santamaria, D., Tom Higham, Katerina Douka, Rachel Wood, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Fiona Brock, Laura Basell, Marta Camps, Alvaro Arrizabalaga, Javier Baena, Cecillio Barroso-Ruíz, Christopher Bergman, Coralie Boitard, Paolo Boscato, Miguel Caparrós, Nicholas Conard, Christelle Draily, Alain Froment, Bertila Galvan, Paolo Gambassini, Alejandro Garcia-Moreno, Stefano Grimaldi, Paul Haesaerts, Brigitte Holt, Maria-Jose Iriarte-Chiapusso, Arthur Jelinek, Jesús Jordá Pardo, José-Manuel Maíllo-Fernández, Anat Marom, Julià Maroto, Mario Menéndez, Laure Metz, Eugène Morin, Adriana Moroni, Fabio Negrino, Eleni Panagopoulou, Marco Peresani, Stéphane Pirson, Marco de la Rasilla, Julien Riel-Salvatore, Annamaria Ronchitelli, David Santamaría, Patrick Semal, Ludovic Slimak, Joaquim Soler, Narcís Soler, Aritza Villaluenga, Ron Pinhasi, Roger Jacobi, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Universidad del País Vasco, Facultad de Filología y Geografía-Historia, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Ferrand (UFR STAPS - UBP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Chercheur indépendant, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Area de Prehistoria, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ', Université de Bordeaux (UB), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Sezione di Preistoria, Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università di Siena, Via delle Cerchia, 53100 Siena, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Ferrand (UFR STAPS - UBP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Universidad de Oviedo, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

27. Using Proteomic Analysis for Studying the Skin Fibroblast Protein Profile in Systemic Sclerosis

Author

A. Iglesias-Gamarra, Libia A. Cepeda, J. Iriarte, G. Quintana, Y. Sanchez, J.E. Caminos, P. Coral-Alvarado, S. Bravo, M.F. Garces, C. Cardozo, and J. Castano

Subjects
Gene isoform, Transcriptome, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Gene expression, Proteome, Computational biology, Biology, Proteomics, Genome, Molecular biology, Function (biology)
Abstract

Increased efforts have been made during the last few decades to develop new technologies capable of identifying and quantifying the expression proteome in different cellular systems in physiological and physiopathological conditions for determining illness biomarkers, pharmaceutical targets and/or posttranslational modifications (PTM) by means of proteomic techniques. 2D gel electrophoresis, with immobilized pH gradients, associated with mass spectrometry, is one of the fundamentals steps in studying proteomics. The 2D technique can be used in studying the quantitative expression of protein profiles according to iso-electric point (Ip), molecular weight (Mr), protein solubility and the relative abundance of the above. This methodology provides a protein profile reflecting changes in protein expression levels, isoforms and PTM. Proteins can be classified into those known by their structure and function, those recognized by determined domains and about which there is some knowledge, and those whose function is still not known. Proteomics is defined as the large-scale study of proteins expressed for a specific tissue from a genome, (global proteomics) or differentially expressed proteins (differential proteomics). Determining differentially expressed proteins, or proteins suffering a change in physiological circumstances, is the clue to understanding such pathology’s cellular mechanisms. Although an expressed gene in specific tissues (as an answer to biologic alterations) could be analyzed by a mRNA expression study (transcriptomics), these results do not always coincide with the expected expression profiles since the number and activity of proteins associated with the same regulation in different stages could be modified. Genomic data integration is required, as well as transcritomics

Published
2012

28. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. 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Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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29. [Brain death: is it an appropriate term?]

Author

J, Iriarte, J A, Palma, E, Kufoy, and M J de, Miguel

Subjects
Brain Death, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Students, Medical, Education, Medical, Terminology as Topic, Humans, Education, Nursing, Students, Schools, Medical
Abstract

Brain death is generally accepted as a concept to indicate death. It was introduced about 40 years ago, and it was considered the ideal situation for donation of organs.During this time, however, there have been problems in the understanding of this concept both in the medical profession and in the general population. University students from medical and non-medical schools were tested for their understanding of this concept.Our results show that less than one third of the non-medical students identified brain death as death. The data from the medical students changed as they progressed through their studies, but only 2/3 of the graduating medical class believed that brain death is death.Similar results have been seen in other universities around the world, and a renewed effort on the re-education of the concept of brain death may be worthwhile. Although we cannot extrapolate these results to the general population, the confusion is probably similar; hence an effort should be made to solve this problem.

Published
2010

30. [Brain oscillations: pathophysiological and potentially therapeutic role in some neurological and psychiatric diseases]

Author

J, Artieda, M, Alegre, M, Valencia, E, Urrestarazu, M, Pérez Alcázar, M J, Nicolás, J López, Azcárate, and J, Iriarte

Subjects
Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Action Potentials, Brain, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Nerve Net
Abstract

The terms "oscillations" or "oscillatory activity" are frequently used not only to define the rhythmic fluctuations of the postsynaptic potentials of a neuronal group (local field potentials) or a cortical region (EEG, MEG), but also to indicate the rhythmic discharge pattern of action potentials from a neuron or a small group of neurons. Oscillatory activity makes possible the synchronization of different neuronal groups from nearby or distant cortical regions that participate in the same motor, sensory or cognitive task. The presence of oscillatory activity is usually associated to the existence of synchronization, but both phenomena are not necessarily always equivalent. Abnormalities of oscillatory activities or synchronization within or between different brain structures have been described in several neurological and psychiatric diseases; these abnormalities might play a relevant pathophysiological role in Parkinson's disease (and other movement disorders), schizophrenia or epilepsy. This review discusses all these aspects, with emphasis on their potential role both as a basic mechanism in brain function and as a pathophysiological substrate for some of the symptoms and signs observed in several diseases.

Published
2010

31. [Video-electroencephalography: a necessity]

Author

J, Iriarte, E, Urrestarazu, M, Alegre, B, Martín, J, Arcocha, C, Viteri, and J, Artieda

Subjects
Epilepsy, Video Recording, Humans, Electroencephalography
Abstract

The video-EEG is a common diagnostic tool nowadays. The technical achievements of the last decade have brought a simplification of the equipment required to obtain good quality recordings, with little more than a computer and a video camera being necessary. However, the medical and technical staff must be well trained to execute and interpret the study. It is very useful in the diagnosis of paroxysmal events, for the classification and characterization of epileptic seizures and to quantify epileptiform discharges. Due to the importance of a correct diagnosis to avoid mistreating many neurological patients, this tool should be accessible to clinicians. In spite of the advances of recent years, 20-30% of patients diagnosed with epilepsy are not really epileptic, a fact that it is excessive and unacceptable.

Published
2010

33. Oscilaciones cerebrales: papel fisiopatológico y terapéutico en algunas enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas

Author

Miguel Valencia, Julio Artieda, M. Pérez-Alcázar, J. López Azcárate, M.J. Nicolás, E. Urrestarazu, J. Iriarte, and Manuel Alegre

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Se usa el termino �oscilacion o actividad oscilatoria� para referirse a las fluctuaciones ritmicas de los potenciales postsinapticos de un grupo neuronal (potenciales de campo local) o de una region cortical (EEG, electrocorticografia) y tambien al patron de descarga ritmico de los potenciales de accion de una neurona o un grupo neuronal. La actividad oscilatoria posibilita la sincronizacion entre grupos neuronales de la misma area cortical o de distintas areas distantes entre si que intervienen en una accion motora, tarea cognitiva o perceptiva. Con frecuencia es motivo de confusion asociar la presencia de actividad oscilatoria con fenomenos de sincronizacion, ya que ambos fenomenos aunque relacionados no son equivalentes. En patologias neurologicas o psiquiatricas tan distintas como la enfermedad de Parkinson u otros movimientos anormales, la epilepsia o la esquizofrenia se han descrito como anomalias de la actividad oscilatoria de distintas estructuras cerebrales o de su sincronizacion que podrian jugar un papel relevante en la fisiopatologia de las enfermedades. En esta revision se discuten estos aspectos haciendo hincapie en su importancia por ser un mecanismo basico del funcionamiento cerebral y un nuevo mecanismo fisiopatologico de la sintomatologia de algunas enfermedades cerebrales.

Published
2009
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34. [Polysomnography in the neurology patient]

Author

J, Iriarte and E, Urrestarazu

Subjects
Cerebrovascular Disorders, Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, Mental Disorders, Polysomnography, Headache, Humans, Dementia, Neuromuscular Diseases, Nervous System Diseases, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract

The polysomnography is a standardized diagnostic tool in neurology. It is used to study sleep structure and can diagnose many sleep disorders. Since this test is not always adequately available as it is a complex test that requires a qualified team and staff, its most necessary and urgent indications should be stressed in order to thus avoid the waiting lists. In this paper we review the primary indications of the nocturnal sleep studies in the different groups of neurological disorders. We review the bibliography, selecting the papers that help to specify when the polysomnographic study would be indicated and those situations in which it may be indispensable or urgent.

Published
2008

35. [Classification of sleep disorders]

Author

J, Gállego Pérez-Larraya, J B, Toledo, E, Urrestarazu, and J, Iriarte

Subjects
Sleep Wake Disorders, Parasomnias, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Circadian Rhythm, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
Abstract

Sleep disorders are frequent processes, both as a symptom associated with other diseases and as independent disorders. However, only in the last 4 decades has Sleep medicine gained its position among the medical specialties. In fact, it was only in these years that significant advances were obtained in the study of the etiology and treatment of these disorders. Similarly, the different classifications have been evolving over the years. First, they were based upon the clinical symptom; later on, more emphasis was given to the diseases. Finally, in 2005, the new classification was once again based on the symptoms. More than 90 disorders are listed in this latest classification, and an attempt is made to include the symptoms and the diseases of sleep, as well as those in which sleep disorders are fundamental. It is essential to have a clear idea of this complete classification of sleep disorders in order to deal with these patients appropriately.

Published
2007

36. Study of microvessel density and the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF and the receptors Flt-1 and FLK-1 in benign, premalignant and malignant prostate tissues

Author

J, Pallares, F, Rojo, J, Iriarte, J, Morote, L I, Armadans, and I, de Torres

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1, Microcirculation, Prostatic Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, Angiogenic Proteins, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that stimulates endothelial cell growth and enhances vascular permeability. VEGF exerts its action by binding to the specific cell surface receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) and fetal liver kinase 1 (FLK/KDR). In tumor angiogenesis, Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates endothelial cells to produce Basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), which further enhances angiogenic activity. Very little information on the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and the receptors Flt-1 and FLK/KDR is available. Herein, we evaluate the expression of these angiogenic factors and receptors in normal prostate, high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic cancer (CaP).58 selected surgical specimens exhibiting areas of normal prostate, HGPIN, and CaP were evaluated for microvessel density, and for VEGF, bFGF, Flt-1 and FLK/KDR protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with pathological data.There was a statistically significant increase in the microvessel density and in the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF and the receptors FLK/KDR and Flt-1, in the premalignant and malignant tissues in comparison with normal prostatic glands. Microvessel density also correlated with higher Gleason grade, pathological stage and the expression of the receptors FLK/KDR and Flt-1.The "initiation switch" of angiogenesis was observed to be an early event consistent with the recruitment of new vasculature into high grade PIN lesions and it increased in the progression of prostatic cancer.

Published
2006

37. [Mathematical analyses in the study of electroencephalographic signals]

Author

E, Urrestarazu and J, Iriarte

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, Epilepsy, Humans, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Mathematics
Abstract

The principal mathematical techniques applied to the EEG are reviewed.After the introduction of digital EEG, new mathematical tools have been developed for the EEG analysis. Nowadays there are several techniques that analyse the EEG signal in different ways, getting a better understanding of the EEG: development of new montages; artifact removal; analysis in time domain, phase coherence and synchrony; source analysis; epileptic seizures detection and prediction; superposition of electrical activity and other neuroimaging techniques. Although they have demonstrated their efficacy, the comparison between them is not always easy.The development of mathematical tools for EEG analysis has improved the knowledge of the electric cerebral activity in normal and pathological conditions. They study many different aspects of the EEG signal. Their continuous development will produce an increase the knowledge of the normal and pathological cerebral functions.

Published
2005

38. [Independent Components Analysis (ICA) in the study of electroencephalographic signals]

Author

E, Urrestarazu and J, Iriarte

Subjects
Epilepsy, Humans, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Algorithms
Abstract

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a mathematical tool able to separate complex signals in statistically independent components. It solves the blind source separation problem (BSS). The EEG satisfies most of the assumptions of ICA, so it may be an adequate signal for ICA for its use. In this paper we review the method and the applications of ICA in EEG. The studied applications are: a) artifacts removal; b) source estimation of spikes; c) analysis of seizures. Several studies have demonstrated that ICA is useful to remove artifacts from contaminated EEG records without distorting cerebral activity. It is able to decompose epileptic discharges and seizures in independent spatio-temporal components. In combination with techniques of source localisation, as dipole modelling, ICA improves the localization of the epileptic focus. Finally, we discuss the future role of ICA in the study of epileptic patients.

Published
2005

39. [Severe renal traumatism with conservative treatment]

Author

A, de Pablo Cárdenas, M A, Pinós Paul, J I, Jiménez Aristu, J, Iriarte Aristu, L, Garrón Aoiz, and J A, Millán Serrano

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rupture, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Abdominal Injuries, Kidney, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Wounds, Nonpenetrating
Published
2005

41. [Ictal asystolia in the differential diagnosis of dizziness]

Author

J, Iriarte, E, Urrestarazu, M, Alegre, J, Artieda, and C, Viteri

Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential, Epilepsy, Humans, Electroencephalography, Female, Middle Aged, Dizziness, Heart Arrest
Abstract

Frequently, epileptic seizures are accompanied by changes in the heart rate. They are usually transient and irrelevant for the patient's symptoms and the patient recorders his usually baseline rhythm in second or a few minutes. In this report we present a case of a patient diagnosed previously of epilepsy who presented episodes of dizziness and presyncope. During the video-EEG study we recorded one of these spells. The diagnosis of this spell was a focal seizure associated with asystole: the seizure was almost asymptomatic, and only when the asystole developed (40 seconds after the EEG ictal changes) the patient complained about dizziness. Recovery was fast, but treatment with pacemaker must be considered.

Published
2005

42. Sleep and mood disorders in epilepsy

Author

E. Urrestarazu Bolumburu, J. Iriarte Franco, S. Cieza Ortiz, M. Pereira, and L. Zuccolo

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Population, Excessive daytime sleepiness, General Medicine, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, Mood disorders, Anesthesia, medicine, Anxiety, Ictal, medicine.symptom, Psychology, education, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract

Introduction Epilepsy has a prevalence of 1% in general population, sleep disorders are common complications. Determine the frequency of sleep disorders (SD) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with epilepsy and to identify the factors that are related to those described. Materials and methods The factors analyzed included age, sex, type of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy disease, nocturnal seizures, frequency of seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG) interictal pathological, altered brain MRI, antiepileptic drug (AED) used; sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and mood disorders. Results 58 patients were evaluated by interview and questionnaires on sleep quality (Pittsburgh scale), the degree of EDS (Epworth scale) and anxiety-depression (hospital depression and anxiety (HAD). The rest of the data were obtained from medical history. SD among patients with epilepsy studied had a prevalence of 55%. Significant differences were found between patients with sleep disorders versus (vs) patients with normal sleep in the following variables: frequency of difficulty (1 attacks/month: 8 (25%) vs 1 (4%): p 0.03), EDS (Epworth scale) 8 (25%) vs 1 (4%): p 0.03), presence of anxiety (HAD scale) 11 (22%) vs 3 (6%): p 0.001; presence of depression (HAD scale) 1 (4%) vs 10 (20%): p 0003. No significant differences between epileptic patients with and without sleep disorders when analyzing the rest of the variables. Conclusion Sleep disorders are common among patients with epilepsy and are associated with a higher frequency of daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression. It was shown that epileptic patients with sleep disorders showed a significant difference in seizure frequency of 1 time/month. However, this difference was not observed with a lower seizure frequency, possibly due to insufficient sample size. This would also explain the lack of association of other variables such as temporal lobe epilepsy, interictal EEG, AED disease and sleep disorders. While it is known the deleterious effect of epilepsy on sleep architecture, it is important to consider mood disorders predisposing factors of such alterations. Acknowledgements Laura Zuccolo.

Published
2013
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43. Relevance of hypoxia in sleep disordered breathing: distinct clinical, sleep, and autonomic features in obstructive sleep apnea with and without hypoxia

Author

S. Cieza Ortiz, J. Iriarte Franco, J. Palma Carazo, E. Urrestarazu Bolumburu, M. Alegre Esteban, and J. Artieda González-Granda

Subjects
Sleep Stages, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Sleep apnea, General Medicine, Polysomnography, Hypoxia (medical), Baroreflex, medicine.disease, Hypoxemia, Obstructive sleep apnea, Anesthesia, medicine, Heart rate variability, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Introduction Some patients with obstructive sleep apnea do not exhibit hypoxemia. However, there is a lack of studies characterizing this subgroup of patients. We aimed to analyze the clinical, sleep, and autonomic features of a group of patients with obstructive sleep apnea without hypoxia (OSAwh). Materials and methods Twenty-eight patients with OSAwh, 32 patients with OSA with hypoxia, and 22 control subjects were studied. Patient groups were matched in matched in age and gender. Clinical and sleep features were analyzed. Besides, time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) measures (mean R–R interval, SDNN, LF oscillations, HF oscillations, and the LF/HF ratio) were calculated across all sleep stages during a one- night polysomnography. Results We found that OSAwh patients had a lower body mass index, a lower waist circumference, and a higher frequency of previous naso-pharyngeal surgery when compared to OSA with hypoxia patients. In terms of heart rate variability, OSA had increased LF oscillations (i.e., baroreflex function) during N1-N2 and REM sleep when compared to OSAwh and controls. OSA and OSAwh had decreased HF oscillations (i.e., vagal inputs) during N1-N2, N3 and REM sleep when compared to controls. The LF/HF ratio was increased during N1-N2 and REM sleep, only in patients with OSA. Conclusion In conclusion, patients with OSAwh exhibit distinctive clinical, sleep, and autonomic features when compared to obstructive sleep apnea with hypoxia. These differences must be taken into account in future studies when analyzing therapeutic approaches for sleep apnea patients. Acknowledgements Clinica Universidad de Navarra.

Published
2013
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44. Hemobilia secondary to chronic cholecystitis

Author

J. A. Soto Pradas, F. Docobo Durántez, A. Vázquez Medina, R. de Quinta Frutos, L. Moles Morenilla, J. Iriarte Calvo, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Cirugía

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic cholecystitis, Hemobilia, medicine.medical_treatment, Epigastric pain, Cholecystitis, medicine, Humans, Cholecystectomy, Ultrasonography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gallbladder, Gastroenterology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Jaundice, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biliary tract, Abdominal ultrasonography, Chronic Disease, Etiology, medicine.symptom, business, Ultrasound imaging
Abstract

The term hemobilia is used to describe the presence of blood in the biliary tract. We report a case of symptomatic hemobilia associated with chronic cholecystitis in a 57-year-old man with jaundice, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and epigastric pain. We review the etiology of this condition and highlight the role of abdominal ultrasonography in its diagnosis. In our case, abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of clots inside the gallbladder. The clinical condition was resolved by means of a cholecystectomy. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

Published
2004
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45. El síndrome de apneas obstructivas del sueño en la obesidad: un conspirador en la sombra

Author

Javier Salvador, J. Iriarte, C. Silva, J. Gómez Ambrosi, A. Díez Caballero, and G. Frühbeck

Subjects
Riesgo cardiovascular, Polisomnografía, stomatognathic system, Obesidad, Apnea de sueño, Presión aérea positiva continua, nervous system diseases, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

El síndrome de apneas obstructivas del sueño (SAOS) se produce como consecuencia de una disminución en el calibre de la vía respiratoria superior que da lugar a una obstrucción con la consiguiente detención del flujo aéreo. Habitualmente se asocia a desaturaciones de oxígeno y fragmentación de la arquitectura del sueño con deterioro de funciones superiores. Además de otros factores como la edad, sexo, menopausia, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, la obesidad constituye un elemento de riesgo de desarrollo de SAOS multiplicando por 10 la probabilidad de su aparición. En casos de obesidad mórbida puede alcanzar una prevalencia del 80% en varones y 50% en mujeres. La distribución central de la grasa es el parámetro que mejor predice la existencia de SAOS en pacientes obesos. Esto hace que el tratamiento de la obesidad sea la primera medida terapéutica del SAOS. Se ha descrito que el SAOS induce activación simpática, resistencia insulínica, estimulación del sistema renina-angiotensina, promoción de estrés oxidativo, disfunción endotelial, aumento de agregabilidad plaquetar, disminución de fibrinolisis y cardioneuropatía. Por ello el SAOS se asocia con hiupertensión arterial y con un riesgo cardiovascular aumentado. El mejor procedimiento diagnóstico para establecer su existencia es el estudio polisomnográfico. El tratamiento de la obesidad resulta en una marcada mejoría del SAOS. Pérdidas de peso del 10% se acompañan de reducciones del índice de apneas del 26%. Entre tanto, es eficaz la aplicación de un sistema de presión positiva que reduce el índice de apneas y mejora los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el deterioro cognitivo.

Published
2004

47. [Postictal paralysis during video-EEG monitoring studies]

Author

E, Urrestarazu, J, Iriarte, M, Alegre, D, Lazaro, E, Schlumberger, J, Artieda, and C, Viteri

Subjects
Adult, Video Recording, Humans, Paralysis, Electroencephalography, Female, Child
Abstract

To know the frequency of Todd s paralysis during the video EEG monitoring studies, to investigate in its pathophysiology, and to confirm its value to localise the epileptic focus.We reviewed 114 monitoring studies, in 102 patients.Sixty patients had epileptic seizures. An obvious paresis was noted in four seizures of two patients (3 and 1, respectively). Both patients had frontal epilepsy. During the paralysis, in the first patient the EEG showed ictal discharges on the contralateral centrotemporal area. In the second patient, the EEG demonstrated slow waves in the contralateral frontal region. The ictal onset was contralateral to the paresis in all cases. No patient with pseudoseizures had paralysis.Postconvulsive paralysis are not frequent in video EEG monitoring studies. However, if present it points out to a contralateral seizure onset. In our series it happened in patients with frontal seizures. The EEG may help to clarify if it correspond to a true postictal phenomenon or to a ictal paralysis.

Published
2002

48. [Lamotrigine in the adult-onset epilepsy: efficacy and long-term safety]

Author

M, Alegre, J, Iriarte, E, Schlumberger, E, Urrestarazu, D, Lázaro, and C, Viteri

Subjects
Adult, Epilepsy, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, Triazines, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Lamotrigine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

LTG is a new antiepileptic drug that is nowadays very often used in epileptic patients.To determine efficacy and safety of Lamotrigine (LTG) in the first five years after its marketing in patients at a third level university hospital, as well as its impact on the management of classic antiepileptic drugs (AED).We reviewed retrospectively our Epilepsy Unit Database. One hundred patients were treated with LTG in a 5-year period. Efficacy was evaluated comparing seizure frequency in a 6-month period before and after LTG. The type of epilepsy, side effects, blood levels and concomitant treatments were considered in the analysis.LTG was effective in all groups of epileptic patients studied. Eighteen percent of patients became seizure-free. Seventeen percent of patients improved more than 50%. Fifty-seven percent of patients remained treated with LTG after four years of follow-up. Side effects were mild, but frequent; only four patients discontinued LTG because of adverse effects. Serum levels were usually high, but showed no relation with clinical efficacy. The mean number of AED taken per patient increased.LTG is a safe an effective drug in epilepsy. It has a clear impact in the management of the epileptic patients.

Published
2002

50. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in the cynomolgus macaque monkey. Equivalence with human BAEPs and proposal of a new nomenclature

Author

M, Alegre, I G, Gurtubay, J, Iriarte, E, Ciordia, M, Manrique, and J, Artieda

Subjects
Macaca fascicularis, Acoustic Stimulation, Species Specificity, Terminology as Topic, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Animals, Humans, Macaca
Abstract

Several groups have studied brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in non-human primates. However, the nomenclature of the waves elicited and their correspondence with human waves I-V differ among authors. BAEPs were recorded from six anaesthetised young cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), using different sound stimuli parameters. A constant pattern of four main waveforms was present in all the animals with stimulus intensities over 60 dB SPL, although up to four smaller waveforms were observed in some of the individuals. Latency values increased with decreasing stimulus intensities and with increasing repetition rates. These results were similar to the BAEPs observed in other species of macaques. Although an approximate equivalence between human and monkey BAEPs is possible, some discrepancies suggest that there may be generators which contribute to different waves in both species. This is the reason for our proposal of a new nomenclature for BAEP waveforms in monkeys, following a descriptive order with Arabic numerals preceded by the letter M.

Published
2000

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