Search

Your search keyword '"J. Rodriguez-Pacheco"' showing total 16 results
Start Over Author "J. Rodriguez-Pacheco"
16 results on '"J. Rodriguez-Pacheco"'

1. Composition Variation of the 2023 May 16 Solar Energetic Particle Event Observed by SolO and PSP

Author

Z. G. Xu, C. M. S Cohen, R. A. Leske, G. D. Muro, A. C. Cummings, D. J. McComas, N. A. Schwadron, E. R. Christian, M. E. Wiedenbeck, R. L. McNutt, D. G. Mitchell, G. M. Mason, A. Kouloumvakos, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, G. C. Ho, and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco

Subjects
Solar energetic particles, Heliosphere, Solar coronal mass ejection shocks, Solar flares, Solar particle emission, Interplanetary particle acceleration, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

In this study, we employ the combined charged particle measurements from Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Energetic Particle Detector on board the Solar Orbiter (SolO) to study the composition variation of the solar energetic particle (SEP) event occurring on 2023 May 16. During the event, SolO and PSP were located at a similar radial distance of ∼0.7 au and were separated by ∼60° in longitude. The footpoints of both PSP and SolO were west of the flare region, but the former was much closer (18° versus 80°). Such a distribution of observers is ideal for studying the longitudinal dependence of the ion composition with the minimum transport effects of particles along the radial direction. We focus on H, He, O, and Fe measured by both spacecraft in sunward and antisunward directions. Their spectra are in a double power-law shape, which is fitted best by the Band function. Notably, the event was Fe rich at PSP, where the mean Fe/O ratio at energies of 0.1–10 Mev nuc ^−1 was 0.48, higher than the average Fe/O ratio in previous large SEP events. In contrast, the mean Fe/O ratio at SolO over the same energy range was considerably lower at 0.08. The Fe/O ratio between 0.5 and 10 MeV nuc ^−1 at both spacecraft is nearly constant. Although the He/H ratio shows energy dependence, decreasing with increasing energy, the He/H ratio at PSP is still about twice as high as that at SolO. Such a strong longitudinal dependence of element abundances and the Fe-rich component in the PSP data could be attributed to the direct flare contribution. Moreover, the temporal profiles indicate that differences in the Fe/O and He/H ratios between PSP and SolO persisted throughout the entire event rather than only at the start.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Extended 3He-rich Time Periods Observed by Solar Orbiter: Magnetic Connectivity and Sources

Author

A. Kouloumvakos, G. M. Mason, G. C. Ho, R. C. Allen, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, A. P. Rouillard, and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco

Subjects
Solar physics, Solar energetic particles, Solar abundances, Solar magnetic fields, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Observations of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) using the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), which is part of the Energetic Particle Detector suite on the Solar Orbiter mission, present an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the composition and evolution of SEPs in close proximity to the Sun. By analyzing data from the SIS instrument, we have compiled a catalog of extended time periods during the first five orbits of the spacecraft around the Sun, which exhibit a significant abundance of ^3 He. We have identified 33 periods lasting over one day that show a high abundance of ^3 He. For each period, we examined the SEP characteristics, the magnetic connectivity of the spacecraft, and the magnetically connected regions. Our findings show that these time periods typically span seven days and consist of multiple injections of ^3 He, and that the peak in ^3 He flux is observed two days after the time periods begin. The time periods usually start (end) when the spacecraft’s magnetic connection changes to (from) an active region (AR). In most cases, we observed a stable magnetic connection between the spacecraft and one or more ARs, with an average connection time of 4.1 ± 1.8 days.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Heavy-ion Acceleration in 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particle Events: New Insights from Solar Orbiter

Author

G. M. Mason, I. Roth, N. V. Nitta, R. Bučík, D. Lario, G. C. Ho, R. C. Allen, A. Kouloumvakos, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco

Subjects
Solar flares, Solar energetic particles, Solar particle emission, Solar abundances, Solar magnetic fields, Solar magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present Solar Orbiter energetic particle observations of two ^3 He-rich events with features more clearly observed than in prior studies. The event of 2022 November 9 observed from 0.59 au contained hundreds of ultraheavy (UH; mass >78 amu) ions whereas previous observations at 1 au have shown only an occasional count or two. The event of 2023 April 8 observed from 0.29 au fortuitously had very low ambient activity, making it possible to observe spectra from the ^3 He acceleration mechanism without contamination, revealing extremely low H and ^4 He intensities arriving simultaneously with other ions observed in typical ^3 He-rich events. Taken together with previous studies, we believe these data show that ^3 He-rich events have a single acceleration mechanism that is responsible for the unique abundance features of ^3 He, heavy ions, and UH ions. Considering the acceleration model of Roth & Temerin that heats the ions over a broad range of gyrofrequencies away from those damped by H and ^4 He, we calculate reasonable fits to the observed abundances O–Fe. A key result is that high values of, e.g., Fe/O typical of such events is not due to preferential Fe heating, but on the contrary is due mainly to the depletion of O, which at elevated temperatures has a charge-to-mass ratio in the region of the waves damped by ^4 He. The model also naturally incorporates features of high-ionization states and neutron-rich isotope enhancements that have been long-standing puzzles in observations of this type of flare.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. The 18–19 March 2022 Series of 3He-Rich Events Observed By Solar Orbiter at 0.36 Au Compared With EUV, X-Ray, and Radio Observations

Author

G. M. Mason, N. V. Nitta, R. Bucík, R. Gómez-Herrero, V. Krupar, S. Krucker, G. C. Ho, R. C. Allen, A. Kouloumvakos, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, A. Vecchio, and M. Maksimovic

Subjects
Solar Physics, Astrophysics, Astronomy
Abstract

Context. During the first close perihelion pass of Solar Orbiter, a series of impulsive 3He-rich solar particle events was observed on 18–19 March 2022 from a distance of 0.36 au. In addition to the energetic particle, radio, and X-ray data from Solar Orbiter, the events were observed in radio and/or extreme ultraviolet by STEREO-A, SDO, Wind, and Parker Solar Probe. Aims. Observations of the event series along with remote sensing of flaring and radio emission with only small timing delays due to the close distance allow the association with energetic particles to be determined with much higher accuracy than previously possible from 1 au. Methods. By comparing the onsets of type-III bursts with the arrival of electrons of tens of keV at Solar Orbiter only a few minutes later, it can be seen that, overall, each of the more intense type-III bursts was associated with an electron and ion injection. Extreme ultraviolet data show that the times of the type-III bursts coincide with emission from a small (approximately Earth-sized) loop to the west of a nearby active region. Results. The energetic particle spectra and abundances show typical properties of impulsive 3He-rich flares and, when combined with the remote sensing observations, establish that the particle-accelerating mechanism in this series of events operates near the solar surface in association with magnetic loops, and in the absence of other phenomena such as jets and small coronal mass ejections.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Quiet-time suprathermal ions in the inner heliosphere during the rising phase of solar cycle 25

Author

G. M. Mason, G. C. Ho, R. C. Allen, A. Kouloumvakos, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft made its first close perihelion passes in 2022, reaching 0.32 au on 26 March and 0.29 au on 12 October. Transient activity was relatively low, making it possible to perform measurements of the quiet-time suprathermal ion pool over multi-day periods. Aims. The inner heliosphere suprathermal ion pool is a source of seed particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks. Determining its constituents and their dependence on solar activity, location, and time is therefore critical to building physical models of particle acceleration from solar events. Methods. By selecting low-activity periods on Solar Orbiter during perihelia passes, and comparing them with a nearly identical monitoring instrument at 1 au, the observed differences in intensities can be related to factors such as distance from the Sun, transient events, and interacting solar wind streams. Results. Below ∼1 MeV/nucleon, the observed quiet-time spectra at 0.32 au for H, 4He, 3He, and Fe rise toward low energies, as observed previously during longer periods at 1 au, and they show a heavy ion composition that has markers of impulsive solar flare material, such as relatively high 3He:4He, and a high Fe/O ratio. The proton and helium abundances are much higher, consistent with a source in corotating interaction regions. Surveying all semi-quiet times during the mission, there is only a modest (∼15%) increase in the fluences in the inner heliosphere compared to 1 au, indicating small gradients in these populations between 1 and 0.3 au.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Solar Orbiter's first Venus flyby MAG observations of structures and waves associated with the induced Venusian magnetosphere

Author

M. Volwerk, T. S. Horbury, L. D. Woodham, S. D. Bale, C. Simon Wedlund, D. Schmid, R. C. Allen, V. Angelini, W. Baumjohann, L. Berger, N. J. T. Edberg, V. Evans, L. Z. Hadid, G. C. Ho, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, W. Magnes, M. Maksimovic, H. O’Brien, M. B. Steller, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, and R. F. Wimmer-Scheingruber

Subjects
Physics, biology, planets and satellites, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Venus, Astrophysics, magnetic fields, biology.organism_classification, plasmas, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, law.invention, Orbiter, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, law, Physics::Space Physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The induced magnetosphere of Venus is caused by the interaction of the solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field with the exosphere and ionosphere of Venus. Solar Orbiter entered Venus’s magnetotail far downstream, > 70 Venus radii, of the planet and exited the magnetosphere over the north pole. This offered a unique view of the system over distances that had only been flown through before by three other missions, Mariner 10, Galileo, and BepiColombo. Aims. In this study, we study the large-scale structure and activity of the induced magnetosphere as well as the high-frequency plasma waves both in the magnetosphere and in a limited region upstream of the planet where interaction with Venus’s exosphere is expected. Methods. The large-scale structure of the magnetosphere was studied with low-pass filtered data and identified events are investigated with a minimum variance analysis as well as combined with plasma data. The high-frequency plasma waves were studied with spectral analysis. Results. We find that Venus’s magnetotail is very active during the Solar Orbiter flyby. Structures such as flux ropes and reconnection sites were encountered, in addition to a strong overdraping of the magnetic field downstream of the bow shock and planet. High-frequency plasma waves (up to six times the local proton cyclotron frequency) are observed in the magnetotail, which are identified as Doppler-shifted proton cyclotron waves, whereas in the upstream solar wind, these waves appear just below the proton cyclotron frequency (as expected) but are very patchy. The bow shock is quasi-perpendicular, however, expected mirror mode activity is not found directly behind it; instead, there is strong cyclotron wave power. This is most likely caused by the relatively low plasma-β behind the bow shock. Much further downstream, magnetic hole or mirror mode structures are identified in the magnetosheath.

Published
2021

8. First year of energetic particle measurements in the inner heliosphere with Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector

Author

R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, N. P. Janitzek, D. Pacheco, I. Cernuda, F. Espinosa Lara, R. Gómez-Herrero, G. M. Mason, R. C. Allen, Z. G. Xu, F. Carcaboso, A. Kollhoff, P. Kühl, J. L. Freiherr von Forstner, L. Berger, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, G. C. Ho, G. B. Andrews, V. Angelini, A. Aran, S. Boden, S. I. Böttcher, A. Carrasco, N. Dresing, S. Eldrum, R. Elftmann, V. Evans, O. Gevin, J. Hayes, B. Heber, T. S. Horbury, S. R. Kulkarni, D. Lario, W. J. Lees, O. Limousin, O. E. Malandraki, C. Martín, H. O’Brien, M. Prieto Mateo, A. Ravanbakhsh, O. Rodriguez-Polo, S. Sánchez Prieto, C. E. Schlemm, H. Seifert, J. C. Terasa, K. Tyagi, R. Vainio, A. Walsh, M. K. Yedla, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), and European Commission

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, corona [Sun], FOS: Physical sciences, particle emission [Sun], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, instruments [Space vehicles], Physics - Space Physics, Sun: activity, Sun: particle emission, 0103 physical sciences, Space vehicles: instruments, activity [Sun], Sun: heliosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, heliosphere [Sun], Sun: corona, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Interplanetary medium
Abstract

Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al., [Context] Solar Orbiter strives to unveil how the Sun controls and shapes the heliosphere and fills it with energetic particle radiation. To this end, its Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) has now been in operation, providing excellent data, for just over a year. [Aims] EPD measures suprathermal and energetic particles in the energy range from a few keV up to (near-) relativistic energies (few MeV for electrons and about 500 MeV nuc-1 for ions). We present an overview of the initial results from the first year of operations and we provide a first assessment of issues and limitations. In addition, we present areas where EPD excels and provides opportunities for significant scientific progress in understanding how our Sun shapes the heliosphere. [Methods] We used the solar particle events observed by Solar Orbiter on 21 July and between 10 and 11 December 2020 to discuss the capabilities, along with updates and open issues related to EPD on Solar Orbiter. We also give some words of caution and caveats related to the use of EPD-derived data. [Results] During this first year of operations of the Solar Orbiter mission, EPD has recorded several particle events at distances between 0.5 and 1 au from the Sun. We present dynamic and time-averaged energy spectra for ions that were measured with a combination of all four EPD sensors, namely: the SupraThermal Electron and Proton sensor (STEP), the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT), the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), and the High-Energy Telescope (HET) as well as the associated energy spectra for electrons measured with STEP and EPT. We illustrate the capabilities of the EPD suite using the 10 and 11 December 2020 solar particle event. This event showed an enrichment of heavy ions as well as 3He, for which we also present dynamic spectra measured with SIS. The high anisotropy of electrons at the onset of the event and its temporal evolution is also shown using data from these sensors. We discuss the ongoing in-flight calibration and a few open instrumental issues using data from the 21 July and the 10 and 11 December 2020 events and give guidelines and examples for the usage of the EPD data. We explain how spacecraft operations may affect EPD data and we present a list of such time periods in the appendix. A list of the most significant particle enhancements as observed by EPT during this first year is also provided., We acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades for their invaluable support on the development of the EPD suite and the ICU under grants FEDER/MCIU – Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Projects ESP2015-68266-R, ESP2017-88436-R and PID2019-104863RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. We also thank acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish MINECO-FPI-2016 predoctoral grant with FSE. We thank the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and the German Space Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., (DLR)) for their unwavering support of STEP, EPT, and HET under grants numbers 50OT0901, 50OT1202, 50OT1702, and 50OT2002; and ESA for supporting the build of SIS under contract number SOL.ASTR.CON.00004, as well as the University of Kiel and the Land Schleswig-Holstein for their support of SIS. We thank NASA headquarters and the GSFC Solar Orbiter project office for support of SIS at APL under contract NNN06AA01C. A.A. acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grant PID2019- 105510GB-C31 and through the ‘Center of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-2023’ award to the ICCUB (CEX2019-000918- M). Solar Orbiter magnetometer operations are funded by the UK Space Agency (grant ST/T001062/1). Tim Horbury is supported by STFC grant ST/S000364/1. We acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004159 (SERPENTINE).

Published
2021

9. Evidence for local particle acceleration in the first recurrent galactic cosmic ray depression observed by Solar Orbiter The ion event on 19 June 2020

Author

A. Aran, D. Pacheco, M. Laurenza, N. Wijsen, D. Lario, S. Benella, I. G. Richardson, E. Samara, J. L. Freiherr von Forstner, B. Sanahuja, L. Rodriguez, L. Balmaceda, F. Espinosa Lara, R. Gómez-Herrero, K. Steinvall, A. Vecchio, V. Krupar, S. Poedts, R. C. Allen, G. B. Andrews, V. Angelini, L. Berger, D. Berghmans, S. Boden, S. I. Böttcher, F. Carcaboso, I. Cernuda, R. De Marco, S. Eldrum, V. Evans, A. Fedorov, J. Hayes, G. C. Ho, T. S. Horbury, N. P. Janitzek, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, A. Kollhoff, P. Kühl, S. R. Kulkarni, W. J. Lees, P. Louarn, J. Magdalenic, M. Maksimovic, O. Malandraki, A. Martínez, G. M. Mason, C. Martín, H. O’Brien, C. Owen, P. Parra, M. Prieto Mateo, A. Ravanbakhsh, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, O. Rodriguez Polo, S. Sánchez Prieto, C. E. Schlemm, H. Seifert, J. C. Terasa, K. Tyagi, C. Verbeeck, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Z. G. Xu, M. K. Yedla, A. N. Zhukov, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Space Agency, German Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Acceleration of particles, heliosphere [Sun], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Solar wind, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Ion, law.invention, Particle acceleration, Orbiter, Space and Planetary Science, law, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Sun: heliosphere, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

Aran, A., et al., [Context] In mid-June 2020, the Solar Orbiter (SolO) mission reached its first perihelion at 0.51 au and started its cruise phase, with most of the in situ instruments operating continuously. [Aims] We present the in situ particle measurements of the first proton event observed after the first perihelion obtained by the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite on board SolO. The potential solar and interplanetary (IP) sources of these particles are investigated. Methods. Ion observations from ∼20 keV to ∼1 MeV are combined with available solar wind data from the Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument and magnetic field data from the magnetometer on board SolO to evaluate the energetic particle transport conditions and infer the possible acceleration mechanisms through which particles gain energy. We compare > 17-20 MeV ion count rate measurements for two solar rotations, along with the solar wind plasma data available from the Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) and RPW instruments, in order to infer the origin of the observed galactic cosmic ray (GCR) depressions. [Results] The lack of an observed electron event and of velocity dispersion at various low-energy ion channels and the observed IP structure indicate a local IP source for the low-energy particles. From the analysis of the anisotropy of particle intensities, we conclude that the low-energy ions were most likely accelerated via a local second-order Fermi process. The observed GCR decrease on 19 June, together with the 51.8-1034.0 keV nuc-1 ion enhancement, was due to a solar wind stream interaction region (SIR). The observation of a similar GCR decrease in the next solar rotation favours this interpretation and constitutes the first observation of a recurrent GCR decrease by SolO. The analysis of the recurrence times of this SIR suggests that it is the same SIR responsible for the He events previously measured in April and May. Finally, we point out that an IP structure more complex than a common SIR cannot be discarded, mainly due to the lack of solar wind temperature measurements and the lack of a higher cadence of solar wind velocity observations., EPD was built with funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (Germany), and the European Space Agency (ESA); operations are funded by FEDER/MCI/AEI Projects ESP2017-88436-R and PID2019-104863RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spain), 50OT 2002 (DLR, Germany), and NASA contract 80MSFC19F0002. The UB team acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grant PID2019-105510GB-C31 and through the “Center of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-2023” award to the ICCUB (CEX2019-000918-M). The CAU Kiel team acknowledges support by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, the German Space Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR) under grants 50OT0901, 50OT1202, 50OT1702, 50OT2002, and 50OC1702. The Solar Orbiter magnetometer was funded by the UK Space Agency (grant ST/T001062/1). M.L. and S.B. acknowledge financial support by the Italian MIUR-PRIN grant 2017APKP7T on Circumterrestrial Environment: Impact of Sun-Earth Interaction. N.W. acknowledges funding from the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO – Vlaanderen, fellowship no. 1184319N). D.L. acknowledges the support from the NASA-HGI grant NNX16AF73G and the NASA Programs NNH17ZDA001N-LWS. I.G.R. and D.L. acknowledge support from NASA program NNH19ZDA001N-LWS. E.S. was supported by a PhD grant awarded by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. V.K. acknowledges the support by NASA under grants 18-2HSWO218_2-0010 and 19-HSR-19_2-0143. S.P. is supported by the projects C14/19/089 (C1 project Internal Funds KU Leuven), G.0D07.19N (FWO-Vlaanderen), SIDEX (ESA Prodex-12), and EUHFORIA 2.0 (funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 870405). IRFU team acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency grant 20/136. F.C. acknowledges the financial support by the Spanish MINECO-FPI-2016 predoctoral grant with FSE. The JHU/APL team is supported under NASA contract NNN06AA01C and thanks NASA headquarters and the NASA/GSFC Solar Orbiter project office for their continuing support. Solar Orbiter Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) data are derived from scientific sensors which have been designed and created, and are operated under funding provided in numerous contracts from the UK Space Agency (UKSA, most recently grant ST/T001356/1), the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), the Czech contribution to the ESA PRODEX programme and NASA.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2012-2017: Device-associated module

Author

Víctor Daniel Rosenthal, Ider Bat-Erdene, Debkishore Gupta, Souad Belkebir, Prasad Rajhans, Farid Zand, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Majeda Afeef, Vito L Tanzi, S. Muralidharan, Vaidotas Gurskis, Hail M. Al-Abdely, Amani El-Kholy, Safa A. Aziz AlKhawaja, Suha Sen, Yatin Mehta, Vineya Rai, Nguyen Viet Hung, Amani F. Sayed, Fausto Marcos Guerrero-Toapanta, Naheed Elahi, María del Rayo Morfin-Otero, Suwara Somabutr, Braulio Matias De-Carvalho, Mary Shine Magdarao, Velmira Angelova Velinova, Ana Marcela Quesada-Mora, Tanja Anguseva, Aamer Ikram, Daisy Aguilar-de-Moros, Wieslawa Duszynska, Nepomuceno Mejia, Florin George Horhat, Vladislav Belskiy, Vesna Mioljevic, Gabriela Di-Silvestre, Katarina Furova, May Osman Gamar-Elanbya, Umesh Gupta, Khalid Abidi, Lul Raka, Xiuqin Guo, Marco Tulio Luque-Torres, Kushlani Jayatilleke, Najla Ben-Jaballah, Achilleas Gikas, Harrison Ronald Sandoval-Castillo, Andrew Trotter, Sandra L. Valderrama-Beltrán, Hakan Leblebicioglu, F.O. Riera, M. López, D.M. Maurizi, J.E. Desse, I. Pérez, G.C. Silva, G.J. Chaparro, D. Golschmid, R. Cabrera, A.M. Montanini, A.C. Bianchi, J. Vimercati, M.C. Rodríguez-del-Valle, C.V. Domínguez, P.A. Saul, V. Chediack, M. Piastrelini, L.P. Cardena, L. Ramasco, M.S. Olivieri, P.F. Gallardo, P.D. Juarez, M.P. Brito, P. Botta, G. Alvarez, G. Benchetrit, M. Caridi, J.P. Stagnaro, I. Bourlot, M. García, N.V. Arregui, N.K. Saeed, S. Abdul-Aziz, S. ALSayegh, M.Z. Humood, K. Mohamed-Ali, S. Swar, T.A.S. Magray, T.B. Aguiar-Portela, T. Sugette-de-Aguiar, F.I. Serpa-Maia, L. Fernandes-Alves-de-Lima, L.A. Teixeira-Josino, M. Sampaio-Bezerra, R.C. Furtado-Maia, A. Romário-Mendes, A. Alves-De-Oliveira, A.P. Vasconcelos-Carneiro, J. Dos Anjos-Lima, K.H. Pinto-Coelho, M.L. Maciel-Canuto, M.X. Rocha-Batista, T. Moreira, N. Rodrigues-Amarilo, T.M. Lima-de-Barros, K. Arruda Guimarães, C. Batista, C. Santos, F.J. de-Lima-Silva, E. Santos-Mota, L. Karla, M.C. Ferreira-de-Souza, N. Luzia, S.S de-Oliveira, C. Takeda, D. Azevedo-Ferreira-Lima, J. Faheina, L.M. Coelho-Oliveira, S.C. do-Nascimento, V.L. Machado-Silva, null Bento-Ferreira, J. Olszewski, M.T. Tenorio, A.C. Silva-Lemos, C.A. Ramos-Feijó, D.M. Cardoso, M.A. Correa-Barbosa, G. Assunção-Ponte, D.V. da-Silva-Escudero, E.A. Servolo-Medeiros, M. Andrade-Oliveira-Reis, E.D. Kostadinov, V.J. Dicheva, M.M. Petrov, C. Guo, H. Yu, T. Liu, G. Song, C. Wang, L.M. Cañas-Giraldo, D.A. Marin-Tobar, E.M. Trujillo-Ramirez, P. Andrea-Rios, C. Álvarez-Moreno, C. Linares, P.A. González-Rubio, B.E. Ariza-Ayala, L.J. Gamba-Moreno, S.L. Gualtero-Trujill, S.J. Segura-Sarmiento, J. Rodriguez-Pena, R. Ortega, N. Olarte, Y.A. Pardo-Lopez, A. Luis Marino Otela-Baicue, A.R. Vargas-Garcia, E.G. Roncancio, K. Gomez-Nieto, M. Espinosa-Valencia, N. Barahona-Guzman, C. Avila-Acosta, W. Raigoza-Martinez, W. Villamil-Gomez, E.G. Chapeta-Parada, A.E. Mindiola-Rochel, A.H. Corchuelo-Martinez, A. Martinez, A. Lagares-Guzman, M. Rodriguez-Ferrer, D. Yepes-Gomez, G.A. Muñoz-Gutierrez, A. Arguello-Ruiz, M.A. Zuniga-Chavarria, L. Maroto-Vargas, M. Valverde-Hernández, A. Solano-Chinchilla, I. Calvo-Hernandez, O. Chavarria-Ugalde, G. Tolari, R.A. Rojas-Fermin, C.V. Diaz-Rodriguez, S. Huascar, M. Ortiz, M.M. Bovera, N. Alquinga, G. Santacruz, E. Jara, V. Delgado, E. Salgado-Yepez, F. Valencia, C. Pelaez, H.A. Gonzalez-Flores, E.E. Coello-Gordon, F. Picoita, M. Arboleda, M.F. Garcia, J. Velez, M. Valle, L. Unigarro, V. Figueroa, K. Marin, H. Caballero-Narvaez, V. Bayani, S.A. Ahmed, A.M. Alansary, A.R. Hassan, M.M. Abdel-Halim, M.A. El-Fattah, R.H. Abdelaziz-Yousef, A. Hala, K.M. Abdelhady, H. Ahmed-Fouad, H. Mounir-Agha, H.S. Hamza, Z. Salah, D.M. Abdel-Aziz, S.B. Ibrahim, A.M. Helal, A.F. AbdelMassih, A. Reham Mahmoud, B. Elawady, R.H. El-sherif, Y.A. Fattah-Radwan, T.S. Abdel-Mawla, N.M. Kamal-Elden, M. Kartsonaki, D.M. Rivera, S. Mandal, S. Mukherjee, P. Navaneet, B. Padmini, J.S. Sorabjee, A.S. Sakle, M.S. Potdar, D. Mane, H.K. Sale, M.M. Abdul-Gaffar, M. Kazi, S. Chabukswar, M. Anju, D. Gaikwad, A. Harshe, S. Blessymole, P.K. Nair, D.K. Khanna, F. Chacko, A. Rajalakshmi, A. Mubarak, M. Kharbanda, S. Kumar, P. Mathur, S. Saranya, F. Abubakar, S. Sampat, V. Raut, S.K. Biswas, R. Kelkar, J.V. Divatia, M. Chakravarthy, B.N. Gokul, R. Sukanya, L. Pushparaj, A. Thejasvini, S. Rangaswamy, N. Saini, C. Bhattacharya, S. Das, S. Sanyal, B.N. Chaudhury, C. Rodrigues, G. Khanna, A. Dwivedy, S. Binu, S. Shetty, J. Eappen, T. Valsa, A. Sriram, S.K. Todi, M. Bhattacharyya, A. Bhakta, B. Ramachandran, R. Krupanandan, P. Sahoo, N. Mohanty, S. Sahu, S. Misra, B. Ray, S. Pattnaik, H. Pillai, A.R. Warrier, L. Ranganathan, A.K. Mani, S.K. Rajagopal, B.K. Abraham, R. Venkatraman, N. Ramakrishnan, D. Devaprasad, K. Siva, D.G. Divekar, M.S. Satish Kavathekar, M.V. Suryawanshi, A. Poojary, J. Sheeba, P. Patil, S. Kukreja, K. Varma, S. Narayanan, T. Sohanlal, A. Agarwal, M. Agarwal, G. Nadimpalli, S. Bhamare, S. Thorat, O. Sarda, P. Nadimpalli, S. Nirkhiwale, G.S. Gehlot, S. Bhattacharya, N. Pandya, A.K.O. Raphel, D. Zala, S.B. Mishra, M.H. Patel, D.G.C. Aggarwal, B.Q. Jawadwal, N.K. Pawar, S.N. Kardekar, A.N. Manked, A.S. Tamboli, A. Manked, Z. Khety, T. Singhal, S. Shah, V. Kothari, R. Naik, R. Narain, S. Sengupta, A. Karmakar, S. Mishra, B.K. Pati, V. Kantroo, S. Kansal, N. Modi, R. Chawla, A. Chawla, I. Roy, M. Bej, P. Mukherjee, S. Baidya, A. Durell, S. Vadi, S. Saseedharan, P. Anant, J.P. Edwin, N. Sen, K. Sandhu, S. Sharma, V. Palaniswamy, P. Sharma, M. Selvaraj, L. Saurabh, D.P. Punia, D.K. Soni, R. Misra, R. Harsvardhan, A. Azim, C. Kambam, A. Garg, S. Ekta, M. Lakhe, C.B. Sharma, G. Singh, A. Kaur, S. Singhal, K.D. Chhabra, G. Ramakrishnan, H. Kamboj, S. Pillai, P. Rani, D. Singla, A. Sanaei, B. Maghsudi, G. Sabetian, M. Masjedi, E. Shafiee, R. Nikandish, S. Paydar, H.A. Khalili, A. Moradi, P. Sadeghi, S. Bolandparvaz, S. Mubarak, M. Makhlouf, M. Awwad, O. Ayyad, A.A. Shaweesh, M.M. Khader, A. Alghazawi, N. Hussien, M. Alruzzieh, Y.K. Mohamed, M. ALazhary, O.A. Abdul Aziz, M. Alazmi, J. Mendoza, P.A. De Vera, A.S. Rillorta, M. de Guzman, M. Girvan, M. Torres, N. Alzahrani, S. Alfaraj, U. Gopal, M.G. Manuel, R. Alshehri, L. Lessing, H. Alzoman, J. Abdrahiem, H. Adballah, J. Thankachan, H. Gomaa, T. Asad, M. AL-Alawi, N.A. Al-Abdullah, N.L. Demaisip, E. Laungayan-Cortez, A.F. Cabato, J.M. Gonzales, M.A. Al Raey, S.A. Al-Darani, M.R. Aziz, B. Al-Manea, E. Samy, M. AlDalaton, M.J. Alaliany, H.M. Alabdely, N.J. Helali, G. Sindayen, A.A. Malificio, H.B. Al-Dossari, A. Kelany, A.G. Algethami, D. Mohamed, L. Yanne, A. Tan, S. Babu, S.M. Abduljabbar, M.A. Al-Zaydani, H. Ahmed, A. Al Jarie, A.S.M. Al-Qathani, H.Y. Al-Alkami, S.J.B. Alih, R. Gasmin-Aromin, E. Balon-Ubalde, H.H. Diab, N.A. Kader, I.Y. Hassan-Assiry, E. Albeladi, S. Aboushoushah, N. Qushmaq, J. Fernandez, W.M. Hussain, R.D. Rajavel, S.Z. Bukhari, H. Rushdi, A.A. Turkistani, J.J. Mushtaq, E. Bohlega, S. Simon, E. Damlig, S.G. Elsherbini, S. Abraham, E. Kaid, A. Al-Attas, G. Hawsawi, B. Hussein, B. Esam, Y. Caminade, A.J. Santos, M.H. Abdulwahab, A.H. Aldossary, S. Al-Suliman, A.A. AlTalib, N. Albaghly, M.E. HaqlreMia, R. Altowerqi, K.M. Ghalilah, M. Alradady, A. Al-Qatri, M. Chaouali, E.L. Shyrine, J. Philipose, M. Raees, N.S. AbdulKhalik, M. Madco, C. Acostan, R. Safwat, M. Halwani, N.A.H. Abdul-Aal, A. Thomas, S.M. Abdulatif, M.A. Ali-Karrar, N. Al-Gosn, A.A. Al-Hindi, R.N. Jaha, S.N. AlQahtani, E.P. Ayugat, M.I. Al-Hussain, A. Aldossary, A.A. Al-Talib, M.E. Haqlre-Mia, S. Briones, R. Krishnan, K. Tabassum, L. Alharbi, A. Madani, M.A. Al-Gethamy, D.M. Alamri, G. Spahija, A. Gashi, A. Kurian, S.M. George, A.M. Mohamed, R.J. Ramapurath, S.T. Varghese, N.M. Abdo, M. Foda-Salama, H.H. Al-Mousa, A.A. Omar, M.F. Salama, M. Toleb, S. Khamis, S.S. Kanj, N.K. Zahreddine, Z. Kanafani, T. Kardas, R. Ahmadieh, Z. Hammoud, I. Zeid, A. Al-Souheil, H. Ayash, T. Mahfouz, T. Kondratas, D. Grinkeviciute, R. Kevalas, A. Dagys, Z. Mitrev, Z. Bogoevska-Miteva, K. Jankovska, S.T. Guroska, M. Petrovska, K. Popovska, C. Ng, Y.M. Hoon, YM.S. Hasan, M.I. Othman-Jailani, M.F. Hadi-Jamaluddin, A.A. Othman, H. Zainol, W.N. Wan-Yusoff, C.S. Gan, L.C.S. Lum, C.S. Ling, F.A. Aziz, R. Zhazali, M.R. Abud-Wahab, T.S. Cheng, I.M. Elghuwael, W.R. Wan-Mat, R. Abd-Rahman, H.R. Perez-Gomez, M. Kasten-Monges, S. Esparza-Ahumada, E. Rodriguez-Noriega, E. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Mayoral-Pardo, A. Cerero-Gudino, M.A. Altuzar-Figueroa, J. Perez-Cruz, M. Escobar-Vazquez, D.M.L. Aragon, H. Coronado-Magana, J.C. Mijangos-Mendez, F. Corona-Jimenez, G. Aguirre-Avalos, A. Lopez-Mateos, M.Y. Martinez-Marroquin, M. Montell-Garcia, A. Martinez-Martinez, E. Leon-Sanchez, G. Gomez-Flores, M. Ramirez, M.E. Gomez, M. Lozano, V.N. Mercado, I. Zamudio-Lugo, C.J. Gomez-Gonzalez, M.G. Miranda-Novales, I. Villegas-Mota, C. Reyes-Garcia, M.K. Ramirez-Morales, M. Sanchez-Rivas, M.A. Cureno-Diaz, B. Matias-Tellez, J. Gonzalez-Martinez, R. Juarez-Vargas, O. Pastor-Salinas, V.H. Gutierrez-Munoz, J.M. Conde-Mercado, G. Bruno-Carrasco, M.A. Manrique, V.A. Monroy-Colin, Z. Cruz-Rivera, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, N.L. Cruz, B.E. Hernandez-Chena, O. Guido-Ramirez, G. Arteaga-Troncoso, F.M. Guerra-Infante, M. Lopez-Hurtado, J.A. Denicia Caleco, E.E. Leyva-Medellin, A. Salamanca-Meneses, C. Cosio-Moran, R. Ruiz-Rendon, L.A. Aguilar-Angel, M. Sanchez-Vargas, R.C. Mares-Morales, L.C. Fernandez-Alvarez, B.V. Castillo-Cruz, M.R. Gonzalez-Ma, M.C. Zavala-Ramír, L. Rivera-Reyna, L.G. del-Moral-Rossete, C. Lopez-Rubio, M. Valadez-de-Alba, A. Bat-Erdene, K.H. Chuluunchimeg, O. Baatar, B. Batkhuu, Z. Ariyasuren, G. Bayasgalan, S. Baigalmaa, T.S. Uyanga, P. Suvderdene, D. Enkhtsetseg, D. Suvd-Erdene, E. Chimedtseye, G. Bilguun, M. Tuvshinbayar, M. Dorj, T. Khajidmaa, G. Batjargal, M. Naranpurev, T. Bolormaa, T. Battsetseg, Ch Batsuren, N. Batsaikhan, B. Tsolmon, A. Saranbaatar, P. Natsagnyam, O. Nyamdawa, N. Madani, R. Abouqal, A.A. Zeggwagh, K. Berechid, T.P. Dendane, A. Koirala, R. Giri, S. Sainju, S.P. Acharya, N. Paul, A. Parveen, A. Raza, S. Nizamuddin, F. Sultan, X. Imran, R. Sajjad, M. Khan, F. Sana, N. Tayyab, A. Ahmed, G. Zaman, I. Khan, F. Khurram, A. Hussain, F.T. Zahra, A. Imtiaz, N. Daud, M. Sarwar, Z. Roop, S. Yusuf, F. Hanif, X. Shumaila, J. Zeb, S.R. Ali, S. Demas, S. Ariff, A. Riaz, A.S. Hussain, A. Kanaan, R. Jeetawi, E.G. Castaño, L.L. Moreno-Castillo, E. García-Mayorca, W.E. Prudencio-Leon, A. Vivas-Pardo, M.V. Changano-Rodriguez, L.I. Castillo-Bravo, K.F. Aibar-Yaranga, V.A. Marquez-Mondalgo, J. Mueras-Quevedo, C. Meza-Borja, J.L. Flor, Y.M. Fernandez-Camacho, C. Banda-Flores, J. Pichilingue-Chagray, A. Castaneda-Sabogal, J.C. Caoili, M.C. Mariano, R.R. Maglente, S. Santos, G. de-Guzman, M.T. Mendoza, O.P. Javellana, A.N.L. Tajanlangit, A.R.D. Tapang, M.C. Sg-Buenaflor, E. Labro, R. Carma, A.M.P. Dy, J.D. Fortin, J.A. Navoa-Ng, J.L. Cesar, B.S. Bonifacio, M.J.P. Llames, H.L.B. Gata, A.S. Tamayo, H.K.E. Calupit, V.V. Catcho, L.D. Bergosa, M.T.B. Abuy, B. Barteczko-Grajek, S. Rojek, A. Szczesny, M. Domanska, G. Lipinska, J. Jaroslaw, A. Wieczoreka, A. Szczykutowicza, M. Gawor, M. Piwoda, J. Rydz-Lutrzykowska, M. Grudzinska, P. Kolat-Brodecka, K. Smiechowicz, B. Tamowicz, A. Mikstacki, A. Grams, P. Sobczynski, M. Nowicka, V. Kretov, V. Shalapuda, A. Molkov, S. Puzanov, I. Utkin, A. Tchekulaev, V. Tulupova, S. Vasiljevic, L. Nikolic, G. Ristic, J. Eremija, J. Kojovic, D. Lekic, A. Simic, S. Hlinkova, A. Lesnakova, S.K. Kadankunnel, M.M. Abdo-Ali, R. Pimathai, S. Wanitanukool, N. Supa, P. Prasan, M. Luxsuwong, Y. Khuenkaew, J. Lamngamsupha, N. Siriyakorn, V. Prasanthai, A. Apisarnthanarak, A. Borgi, A. Bouziri, H. Cabadak, G.E. Tuncer, C. Bulut, C.A. Hatipoglu, F.E. Sebnem, A.P. Demiroz, A. Kaya, G. Ersoz, N. Kuyucu, S. Karacorlu, O. Oncul, L. Gorenek, H. Erdem, D. Yildizdas, O.O. Horoz, E. Guclu, G. Kaya, O. Karabay, M. Altindis, N. Oztoprak, Y. Sahip, C. Uzun, N. Erben, G. Usluer, I. Ozgunes, M. Ozcelik, B.M. Ceyda, M. Oral, N. Unal, Y.G. Cigdem, M.K. Bayar, O. Bermede, S. Saygili, I. Yesiler, O. Memikoglu, R. Tekin, A. Oncul, A. Gunduz, D. Ozdemir, M.F. Geyik, S.Y. Erdogan, C. Aygun, A. Dilek, S. Esen, H. Turgut, H. Sungurtekin, D. Ugurcan, V. Yarar, Y. Bilir, N. Bayram, I. Devrim, H. Agin, G. Ceylan, N. Yasar, Y. Oruc, A. Ramazanoglu, O. Turhan, M. Cengiz, A.N. Yalcin, O. Dursun, P. Gunasan, S. Kaya, G. Senol, A.S. Kocagoz, H. Al-Rahma, P. Annamma, A. El-Houfi, H. Vidal, F. Perez, G. D-Empaire, Y. Ruiz, D. Hernandez, D. Aponte, E. Salinas, H.R. Vidal, N. Navarrete, R. Vargas, E. Sanchez, C. Ngo Quy, T.A. Thu, L.T.T. Nguyet, P.T. Hang, T.T.T. Hang, T.T.M. Hanh, D.P.P. Anh, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi

Subjects
Catheterization, Central Venous, Infection Control, Epidemiology, Health care-associated infection, Antibiotic resistance, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bacterial Infections, Global Health, Device-associated infection, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Catheters, Indwelling, Nosocomial infection, Catheter-Related Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Hospital infection, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Valderrama, Sandra/0000-0003-1833-1599; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Yousef, Reham H. A./0000-0003-4004-3008; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204 WOS: 000522628200013 PubMed: 31676155 Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2012 to December 2017 in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI) were applied. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled central line-associated bloodstream infection rate was higher (5.05 vs 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days); the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was also higher (14.1 vs 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days,), as well as the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.1 vs 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance, such as of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin-tazobactam (33.0% vs 18.3%), were also higher. Conclusions: Despite a significant trend toward the reduction in INICC ICUs, DA-HAI rates are still much higher compared with CDC-NHSN's ICUs representing the developed world. It is INICC's main goal to provide basic and cost-effective resources, through the INICC Surveillance Online System to tackle the burden of DA-HAIs effectively. (C) 2019 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System Funding for the design, development, maintenance, technical support, data validation, and report generation of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System, and the activities carried out at the International Nosocomial Infection Control headquarters were provided by Victor D. Rosenthal, and the Foundation to Fight against Nosocomial Infections.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

Author

Víctor Daniel Rosenthal, Hail M. Al-Abdely, Amani Ali El-Kholy, Safa A Aziz AlKhawaja, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Yatin Mehta, Vineya Rai, Nguyen Viet Hung, Souha Sami Kanj, Mona Foda Salama, Estuardo Salgado-Yepez, Naheed Elahi, Rayo Morfin Otero, Anucha Apisarnthanarak, Braulio Matias De Carvalho, Bat Erdene Ider, Dale Fisher, Maria Carmen S.G. Buenaflor, Michael M. Petrov, Ana Marcela Quesada-Mora, Farid Zand, Vaidotas Gurskis, Tanja Anguseva, Aamer Ikram, Daisy Aguilar de Moros, Wieslawa Duszynska, Nepomuceno Mejia, Florin George Horhat, Vladislav Belskiy, Vesna Mioljevic, Gabriela Di Silvestre, Katarina Furova, Gloria Y. Ramos-Ortiz, May Osman Gamar Elanbya, Hindra Irawan Satari, Umesh Gupta, Tarek Dendane, Lul Raka, Humberto Guanche-Garcell, Bijie Hu, Denis Padgett, Kushlani Jayatilleke, Najla Ben Jaballah, Eleni Apostolopoulou, Walter Enrique Prudencio Leon, Alejandra Sepulveda-Chavez, Hector Miguel Telechea, Andrew Trotter, Carlos Alvarez-Moreno, Luis Kushner-Davalos, J.E. Desse, D.M. Maurizi, A.M. Montanini, G.J. Chaparro, J.P. Stagnaro, A. Romani, A.C. Bianchi, G. Álvarez, A. Palaoro, M. Bernan, R. Cabrera-Montesino, C. Domínguez, C.G. Rodríguez, C.G. Silva, E. Bogdanowicz, F.O. Riera, G. Benchetrit, I. Perez, J. Vimercati, L.S. Marcos, L. Ramasco, M. Caridi, M.C. Oyola, M.C. Rodríguez, M.L. Spadaro, M.S. Olivieri, P. Saul, P.D. Juarez, R.H. Pérez, P. Botta, D.Q. Quintana, A.M. Ríos, V. Chediack, W. Chilon, Ameena Isa Alsayegh, Fatema Hasan Yaseen, Lateefa Fardan Hani, Saleh Fakher Sowar, Tahira Anwar Magray, E.A. Medeiros, A. Alves De Oliveira, A. Romario-Mendes, C. Fernandes-Valente, C. Santos, D. Escudeiro, D. Azevedo-Ferreira Lima, D. Azevedo-Pereira, E.M. Onzi-Siliprandi, F. Serpa-Maia, F. Aguiar-Leitao, G. Assuncao-Ponte, J. Dos Anjos-Lima, J. Olszewski, K. Harten Pinto Coelho, L.F. Alves De Lima, M. Mendonca, M.L. Maciel-Canuto Amaral, M.T. Tenorio, S. Gerah, M. Andrade-Oliveira-Reis, M. Moreira, M. Ximenes-Rocha Batista, R.S. Campos-Uchoa, R. Rocha-Vasconcelos Carneiro, R. Amaral De Moraes, S.C. Do Nascimento, T. Moreira-Matos, T.M. Lima-De Barros Araujo, T. De Jesus Pinheiro-Bandeira, V.L. Machado-Silva, W.M. Santos Monteiro, E. Hristozova, E.D. Kostadinov, K. Angelova, V.A. Velinova, V.J. Dicheva, X. Guo, G. Ye, R. Li, L. Song, K. Liu, T. Liu, G. Song, C. Wang, X. Yang, H. Yu, Y. Yang, A. Martínez, A.R. Vargas-García, A. Lagares-Guzmán, A.P. González, C. Linares, C. Ávila-Acosta, D. Santofimio, D. Yepes-Gomez, D.A. Marin-Tobar, D.P. Mazo-Elorza, E.G. Chapeta-Parada, G. Camacho-Moreno, G.E. Roncancio-Vill, I.A. Valderrama-Marquez, J.E. Ruiz-Gallardo, J.O. Ospina-Martínez, J. Osorio, J.I. Marín-Uribe, J.C. López, S. Gualtero, J.R. Rojas, K. Gomez-Nieto, L.Y.M. Rincon, L. Meneses-Ovallos, L.M. Canas-Giraldo, L.D. Burgos-Florez, M. Amaral-Almeida Costa, M. Rodriguez, N. Barahona-Guzmán, O. Mancera-Paez, P.A. Rios-Arana, R. Ortega, S.L. Romero-Torres, S.M. Pulido-Leon, S. Valderrama, V.M. Moreno-Mejia, W. Raigoza-Martinez, W. Villamil-Gomez, Y.A. Pardo-Lopez, A. Argüello-Ruiz, A. Solano-Chinchilla, G.A. Muñoz-Gutierrez, I. Calvo-Hernández, L. Maroto-Vargas, M.A. Zuniga, M. Valverde-Hernandez, O. Chavarria-Ugalde, B. Herrera, C. Díaz, M.M. Bovera, C. Cevallos, C. Pelaez, E. Jara, V. Delgado, E.E. Coello-Gordon, F. Picoita, F.M. Guerrero-Toapant, F. Valencia, G. Santacruz, H. Gonzalez, L.N. Pazmino, M.F. Garcia, M. Arboleda, M. Lascano, N. Alquinga, V. Ramírez, Reham H.A. Yousef, Abd El Moniem Moustafa, A. Ahmed, A.M. Elansary, Ahmad Mahmoud Ali, Ahmed Hasanin, Antoine Abdel Messih, Arwa Ramadan, B.A. El Awady, D.M. Hassan, Doaa Abd El Aziz, Hala Hamza, Hala Mounir Agha, Islam Abdullorziz Ghazi, J. ElKholy, May Abdel Fattah, Mervat Elanany, M. Mansour, M.M.A. Haleim, R. Fouda, Rasha Hamed El-Sherif, S. Bekeit, V. Bayani, Y.S. Elkholy, Y.M. Abdelhamid, Zeinab Salah, D.M. Rivera, A. Chawla, A.N. Manked, A. Azim, A. Mubarak, A. Thakur, A.V. Dharan, A. Patil, A. Sasidharan, Anil Kumar Bilolikar, A. Anirban Karmakar, A.M. Mathew, Anuja Kulkarni, Anuradha Agarwal, Anuradha Sriram, A. Dwivedy, Arnab Dasgupta, A. Bhakta, Arul Rose Suganya, A. Poojary, Ashwin Kumar Mani, Asmita Sakle, Babu K. Abraham, Baby Padmini, B. Ramachandran, Banambar Ray, Basanta Kumar Pati, Bhaskar Narayan Chaudhury, Biraj Mohan Mishra, S. Biswas, M. Bri Saibala, Burhan Q. Jawadwala, C. Rodrigues, Chirag Modi, Chirag Patel, D.K. Khanna, Dedeepiya Devaprasad, Deepa Divekar, Deepesh G. Aggarwal, J.V. Divatia, Dolatsinh Zala, Edwin Pathrose, Fazil Abubakar, Felcy Chacko, G.S. Gehlot, Gautam Khanna, H.K. Sale, Indranil Roy, Jayant Shelgaonkar, Jehangir Sorabjee, Jincy Eappen, Justin Mathew, Jyotishka Pal, Karthikeya Varma, Kashmira Limaye Joshi, Kavita Sandhu, R. Kelkar, Lakshmi Ranganathan, L. Pushparaj, Madhav Lavate, Madhavi Latha, Madhupriya Suryawanshi, M. Bhattacharyya, Maithili Kavathekar, Manoj Kumar Agarwal, Mayur Patel, Mehul Shah, M.N. Sivakumar, Mohit Kharbanda, Mrinmoy Bej, Mrunalini Potdar, M. Chakravarthy, M. Karpagam, S.N. Myatra, N. Gita, N.P. Rao, N. Sen, N. Ramakrishnan, N. Jaggi, N. Saini, N.K. Pawar, Nikhil Modi, Nirav Pandya, Nisith Mohanty, Pooja Thakkar, Pradnya Joshi, Prafulla Kumar Sahoo, Pravin Kumar Nair, Priyadarshini Senthil Kumar, Priyanka Patil, Purnima Mukherjee, P. Mathur, Purvi Shah, R. Sukanya, Rajalakshmi Arjun, Rajesh Chawla, Ram Gopalakrishnan, Ramesh Venkataraman, S. Raut, Ravikumar Krupanandan, Reshma Tejam, Richa Misra, Ritesh Debroy, S. Saranya, Sajith Narayanan, Sanghamitra Mishra, Sanjith Saseedharan, Sankar Sengupta, S.K. Patnaik, Saswati Sinha, Seelas Blessymole, Seema Rohra, Senthilkumar Rajagopal, Shanta Mukherjee, Sharmila Sengupta, Sheeba John, Shefali Bhattacharya, null Sijo, Sinchan Bhattacharyya, S. Singh, T. Sohanlal, Sonali Vadi, S.S. Dalal, S.K. Todi, Subodh Kumar, Sudha Kansal, Sudhjan Misra, Sudipta Bhattacharyya, Suhas Nirkhiwale, Sujit Kar Purkayastha, Sujoy Mukherjee, S. Sahu, Sunil Sharma, Suresh Kumar, S. Basu, S. Shetty, S. Shah, T. Singhal, Thara Francis, Thejasvini Anand, V. Venkateshwar, Valsa Thomas, V. Kothari, null Velupandi, Vini Kantroo, Gortap Sitohang, Retno Kadarsih, Anahita Sanaei, Behzad Maghsudi, Golnar Sabetian, Mansoor Masjedi, Masoud Alebouyeh, Somayeh Jahani Sherafat, Yassir Khidir Mohamed, Abdulrahim Al Khamis, Adnan Soliman Alsaadi, Ahmed Abdoh Al-Jarie, Aisha Hassan Mutwalli, A.S.K. Rillorta, Anumol Thomas, Ashraf Kelany, Athena Manao, Dhaffer Moghram Alamri, E.B. Santiago, E.P. Cruzpero, Fahad Ahmed Sawan, Fatima Abdullah Al Qasmah, Haeel Alabdaly, Hajer Am Al-Dossary, Hala Ahmed, Hala Roshdi, Halima Yahia Al-Alkami, Hana Hanafi, Hassan Eisa Ammari, Hatem Mohd Al Hani, Ibrahim A.M. Alzaydani Asiri, Jeffrey Asidera Mendoza, Jomol Philipose, Joy Ola Selga, null Kehkashan, Khalid Mohammed Ghalilah, Leide Shyrine Redito, L. Josph, M. Al-Alawi, Manal Mansour Al-Gethamy, Marjory Madco, M.G. Manuel, M. Girvan, Mervat Aldalaton, M. De Guzman, Modhi Alkhamaly, Mohammad Masfar, Mohammed Ahmed Ali Karrar, Munayfa Musallam Al Azmi, Myrna Lim Quisai, Myrna Misador Torres, N. Al-Abdullah, Nader Ahmed Tawfic, Nashwa Elsayed, Nawal Salah Abdulkhalik, Nehad Abdulshakour Bugis, Neilia Cardinal Ariola, N. Gad, Nesreen Alghosn, Nidal Tashkandi, N. Al Zharani, P.A. De Vera, Radhika Krishnan, Raed Hassan Al Shehri, Rasha Nour Aldeen Jaha, Reny Thomas, Rhea Lynn Cresencia, R. Penuliar, R.V. Lozada, S. Al Qahtani, Sameh Twfik, Sarah Hassan Al Faraj, Sherin El-Sherbiny, Siti Jhulmina B. Alih, Solita Briones, Syed Zahid Bukhari, Tariq Saad Abdulhadi Alotaibi, Uma Gopal, Usha Nair, Wael Abdulrahman Abdulatif, Waleed Mohd Hussain, Wynndale Mae Demotica, G. Spahija, N. Baftiu, A. Gashi, Abeer A. Omar, A.M. Mohamed, F.M. Rebello, Haifaa Hassan Almousa, Naglaa Mahmoud Abdo, S.M. George, Soad Khamis, Suja Thomas, A. Ahmad Zaatari, A. Anwar Al Souheil, H. Ayash, I. Zeid, J. Tannous, N.K. Zahreddine, R. Ahmadieh, T. Mahfouz, T. Kardas, V. Tanzi, Z. Kanafani, Z. Hammoud, A. Dagys, D. Grinkeviciute, R. Kevalas, T. Kondratas, Milena Petrovska, Katja Popovska, Zan Mitrev, Zaneta Bogoevska Miteva, Katerina Jankovska, Snezana Tufekcievska Guroska, Chin Seng Gan, Ainul Auzani Othman, Aliza Mohamad Yusof, Anis Siham Zainal Abidin, Fadzlina Abdul Aziz, Foong Kit Weng, Hasimah Zainol, Kamal Bashar Abu Bakar, Lucy Chai See Lum, Marzida Mansor, Mazuin Kamarul Zaman, Mohamad Fadhil Hadi Jamaluddin, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Raha Abdul Rahman, Rhendra Hardy Mohamad Zaini, Rosliza Zhazali, Sasheela Sri La Sri Ponnampala, Soo Lin Chuah, Wan Fadzlina Wan Mohd Shukeri, Wan Nazaruddin Wan Hassan, Wan Nurbayah Wan Yusoff, Wan Rahiza Wan Mat, M.A. Cureno-Diaz, G. Aguirre-Avalos, A. Flores-Alvarado, A. Cerero-Gudino, A. Zamores-Pedroza, B. Cano-Munoz, B.E. Hernandez-Chena, C.C. Carreon-Martinez, H. Coronado-Magana, F. Corona-Jimenez, E. Rodriguez-Noriega, E. Alcala-Martinez, E. Gonzalez-Diaz, F.M. Guerra-Infante, G. Arteaga-Troncoso, G. Martinez-Falcon, G. Leon-Garnica, H.A. Delgado-Aguirre, H.R. Perez-Gomez, I.E. Sosa-Gonzalez, J.A. Galindo-Olmeda, J.J. Ayala-Gaytan, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, L. Zamorano-Flores, J.A. Lopez-Pulgarin, M.G. Miranda-Novales, M. Ramírez, M. Lopez-Hurtado, M. Lozano, M.E. Gomez, M.E. Sanchez-Castuera, M. Kasten-Monges, M. Gonzalez-Martinez, M. Sanchez-Vargas, M.C. Culebro-Burguet, M.A. Altuzar-Figueroa, J.C. Mijangos-Mendez, O.G. Ramires, O.S. Espinosa, R. De Leon-Escobedo, R. Salas-Flores, R. Ruiz-Rendon, S. Petersen-Morfin, S.A. Aguirre-Diaz, S. Esparza-Ahumada, S. Vega-Gonzalez, V. Gaona-Flores, V.A. Monroy-Colin, Z. Cruz-Rivera, A. Bat-Erdene, Batsaikhan Narankhuu, Batsuren Choijamts, Battsetseg Tuvdennyam, Byambadorj Batkhuu, K.H. Chuluunchimeg, D. Enkhtsetseg, G. Batjargal, G. Bayasgalan, M. Dorj, Naranpurev Mendsaikhan, Otgon Baatar, P. Suvderdene, S. Baigalmaa, T. Khajidmaa, Tsolmon Begzjav, null Tsuyanga, Z. Ariyasuren, A.A. Zeggwagh, K. Berechid, K. Abidi, N. Madani, R. Abouqal, Anjeela Koirala, Rashmi Giri, Samana Sainju, Subhash Prasad Acharya, Abeera Ahmed, Aun Raza, Azra Parveen, Faisal Sultan, Maria Khan, Nadeem Paul, Nargis Daud, Sana Yusuf, Summiya Nizamuddin, E. Garcia-Mayorca, E.G. Castaño, J.L. Moreno-Castillo, J.M. Ballinas-Aquino, L. Lara, M. Vargas, M.I. Rojas-Bonilla, S.J. Ramos, T. Mapp, V. De Iturrado, C.E. La Hoz Vergara, C.F. Linares-Calderon, D. Moreno, E. Ramirez, F.M. Ramírez Wong, G.M. Montenegro-Orrego, H.R. Sandoval-Castillo, J. Pichilingue-Chagray, J. Mueras-Quevedo, K.F. Aibar-Yaranga, L.I. Castillo-Bravo, L.M. Santivanez-Monge, M.J. Mayorga-Espichan, M.L.G. Rosario-Tueros, M.V. Changano-Rodriguez, N.E. Salazar-Ramirez, V.A. Marquez-Mondalgo, Anna Lyn N. Tajanlangit, Arnefelina S. Tamayo, Cristina Mari Jean P. Llames, Ever Labro, Ana P. Dy, J.D. Fortin, L.D. Bergosa, L.G. Salvio, V. Bermudez, M.C. Sg-Buenaflor, M.F. Trajano, M.T. Mendoza, O.P. Javellana, R.R. Maglente, Y. Arreza-Galapia, J.A. Navoa-Ng, A. Kubler, B. Barteczko-Grajek, B. Dragan, M. Zurawska, M. Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, M. Zielinska, G.Y. Ramos-Ortiz, A. Florin-Rogobete, C. Daliborca Vlad, D. Muntean, D. Sandesc, M. Papurica, M. Licker, Ovidiu Horea Bedreag, R. Popescu, S.D. Grecu, V. Dumitrascu, A. Molkov, D. Galishevskiy, M. Furman, A. Simic, D. Lekic, G. Ristic, J. Eremija, J. Kojovic, L. Nikolic, M. Bjelovic, A. Lesnakova, S. Hlinkova, M.O. Gamar-Elanbya, Namphon Supa, Pornpheth Prasan, Rungratchanee Pimathai, Suthinee Wanitanukool, Suwara Somabutr, N. Ben-Jaballah, A. Borgi, A. Bouziri, A. Dilek, A. Oncul, A. Kaya, Ali Pekcan Demiroz, A. Gunduz, A. Ozgultekin, Asuman Inan, A.N. Yalcin, A. Ramazanoglu, A. Engin, A. Willke, Basak Ceyda Meco, C. Aygun, C. Bulut, C. Uzun, C. Becerik, Cigdem Ataman Hatipoglu, Cigdem Yildirim Guclu, D. Ozdemir, D. Yildizdas, D. Ugurcan, E. Azak, E. Guclu, Esmeray Mutlu Yilmaz, F. Sebnem-Erdinc, F. Sirmatel, F. Ulger, Ferhat Sari, Filiz Kizilates, G. Usluer, G. Ceylan, G. Ersoz, G. Kaya, Gunay Tuncer Ertem, G. Senol, Hasan Agin, Hatice Cabadak, H. Yilmaz, Hulya Sungurtekin, Humeyra Zengin, H. Turgut, I. Ozgunes, I. Devrim, I. Erdem, Inşa Gul Ekiz Işcanlı, M. Mehmet Bakir, M.F. Geyik, M. Oral, M. Meric, M. Cengiz, M. Ozcelik, M. Altindis, M. Sunbul, N. Elaldi, N. Kuyucu, N. Unal, N. Oztoprak, N. Yasar, Nurettin Erben, Nuri Bayram, Oguz Dursun, Oguz Karabay, O. Coskun, Ozden Ozgur Horoz, Ozge Turhan, Ozlem Sarac Sandal, Recep Tekin, Saban Esen, Selvi Yener Erdogan, Serhat Unal, Sevim Karacorlu, Suha Sen, Suzan Sacar, Volkan Yarar, Yeliz Oruc, Yusuf Sahip, Zeynep Kaya, Anamma Philip, Ashraf Elhoufi, Hussain Alrahma, E. Sachez, F. Perez, G.D. Empaire, H. Vidal, L. Montes-Bravo, M.E. Guzman Siritt, N. Orozco, N. Navarrete, Y. Ruiz, Z. Duran-Gil De Anez, Dang Thi Van Trang, Dao Quang Minh, Dao Xuan Co, Dinh Pham Phuong Anh, Le Thi Anh Thu, Le Thi Diem Tuyet, Le Thi Thu Nguyet, Ngo uy Chau, Nguyen Gia Binh, Nguyen Phuc Tien, Nguyen Quoc Anh, Phan Thi Hang, Tran Thi My Hanh, Tran Thi Thuy Hang, Truong Anh Thu, Vo Thi Hong Thoa, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, and MERİÇ KOÇ, MELİHA

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Imipenem, Antibiotic resistance, Epidemiology, health care facilities, manpower, and services, Ceftazidime, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Bloodstream infection, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Urinary tract infection, Incidence, Health Policy, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Middle Aged, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Amikacin, Child, Preschool, Limited resources countries, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Health care-associated infection, 030106 microbiology, Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Developing countries, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, Hospital infection, Aged, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Device use, Nosocomial infection control, medicine.disease, Emergency medicine, Central line-associated bloodstream infections, business
Abstract

Hasan, M. Shahnaz/0000-0002-7493-7416; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Altindis, Mustafa/0000-0003-0411-9669; Masjedi, Mansoor/0000-0001-6175-9289; Popescu, Roxana/0000-0002-9387-1141; Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata A/0000-0002-1148-7817; Meco, Basak Ceyda/0000-0003-2951-9634; Kumar, Perikala Vijayananda/0000-0001-8315-7000; Zand, Farid/0000-0003-3489-3372; Maghsoudi, Behzad/0000-0002-1279-8799; KAMARUL ZAMAN, MAZUIN/0000-0002-7920-6399; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Horoz, Ozden Ozgur/0000-0001-7590-650X; Medeiros, Eduardo A/0000-0002-6205-259X; Sabetian, Golnar/0000-0001-8764-2150; UNAL, SERHAT/0000-0003-1184-4711; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Delia, Muntean/0000-0001-9100-4530; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat/0000-0002-7243-7354; Leblebicioglu, Hakan/0000-0002-6033-8543; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204; Yousef, Reham H. A./0000-0003-4004-3008; Delgado Aguirre, Hector Alberto/0000-0001-5448-7975; El Kholy, Amani/0000-0002-0645-7664; Rodriguez Ferrer, Marena Luz/0000-0002-8053-8454; Sanaei Dashti, Anahita/0000-0002-2827-3575; KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685; Barahona G., Nayide/0000-0003-3559-6900; Stagnaro, Juan Pablo/0000-0003-3836-9957; Alexandru Florin, Rogobete/0000-0003-1286-4431; KAYA, ZEYNEP/0000-0002-8468-2103; Dragan, Barbara/0000-0003-3108-4211; alvarez Moreno, carlos Arturo/0000-0001-5419-4494; Gonzalez Martinez, Marisela del Rocio/0000-0003-1474-736X; Jayatilleke, Kushlani/0000-0002-3931-6630; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Duszynska, Wieslawa/0000-0002-5880-4904; Ngo, Quy Chau/0000-0002-6787-2757; Elmanakhly, Arwa/0000-0001-8557-0536; yildizdas, dincer/0000-0003-0739-5108; Kanj, Souha/0000-0001-6413-3396; Gupta, Umesh/0000-0001-7717-1404 WOS: 000392626300014 PubMed: 27742143 Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DAHAI), we collected prospective data from861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central lineassociated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheterassociated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically. (C) 2016 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VDR; Foundation to Fight against Nosocomial Infections The funding for design, development, maintenance, technical support, data validation, and report generation of the Surveillance Online System, and the activities carried out at International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium headquarters, were provided by VDR and the Foundation to Fight against Nosocomial Infections.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Multispacecraft Observations of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2022 February 15–16

Author

L. Y. Khoo, B. Sánchez-Cano, C. O. Lee, L. Rodríguez-García, A. Kouloumvakos, E. Palmerio, F. Carcaboso, D. Lario, N. Dresing, C. M. S. Cohen, D. J. McComas, B. J. Lynch, F. Fraschetti, I. C. Jebaraj, J. G. Mitchell, T. Nieves-Chinchilla, V. Krupar, D. Pacheco, J. Giacalone, H.-U. Auster, J. Benkhoff, X. Bonnin, E. R. Christian, B. Ehresmann, A. Fedeli, D. Fischer, D. Heyner, M. Holmström, R. A. Leske, M. Maksimovic, J. Z. D. Mieth, P. Oleynik, M. Pinto, I. Richter, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, N. A. Schwadron, D. Schmid, D. Telloni, A. Vecchio, and M. E. Wiedenbeck

Subjects
Solar energetic particles, Heliosphere, Solar coronal mass ejections, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides an overview of interesting observations made by multiple spacecraft during this event. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and BepiColombo were close to each other at 0.34–0.37 au (a radial separation of ∼0.03 au) as they were impacted by the flank of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). At about 100° in the retrograde direction and 1.5 au away from the Sun, the radiation detector on board the Curiosity surface rover observed the largest ground-level enhancement on Mars since surface measurements began. At intermediate distances (0.7–1.0 au), the presence of stream interaction regions (SIRs) during the SEP arrival time provides additional complexities regarding the analysis of the distinct contributions of CME-driven versus SIR-driven events in observations by spacecraft such as Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A, and by near-Earth spacecraft like ACE, SOHO, and WIND. The proximity of PSP and BepiColombo also enables us to directly compare their measurements and perform cross-calibration for the energetic particle instruments on board the two spacecraft. Our analysis indicates that energetic proton measurements from BepiColombo and PSP are in reasonable agreement with each other to within a factor of ∼1.35. Finally, this study introduces the various ongoing efforts that will collectively improve our understanding of this impactful, widespread SEP event.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. 3He and Fe Spectral Properties in 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particle Events

Author

G. M. Mason, A. Kouloumvakos, G. C. Ho, R. C. Allen, R. Gómez-Herrero, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, and J. Rodríguez-Pacheco

Subjects
Solar flares, Solar energetic particles, Solar particle emission, Solar abundances, Solar magnetic fields, Solar magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We have surveyed ^3 He-rich events on the Solar Orbiter mission from 2020 April to 2024 April, selecting isolated injections whose rollover ^3 He spectral shape is presumed to represent the initial acceleration state, unprocessed by subsequent activity such as coronal mass ejections or jets. A main goal has been to find relationships between the spectra of ^3 He and heavy ions C–Fe, in order to explore a common acceleration mechanism in spite of the fact that these events show ^3 He enrichments of up to ∼10 ^4 , while the heavy-ion enrichment is rarely larger than ∼10. Selecting 34 ^3 He injections, we find that heavy ions are always present, and arrive at the same time as the ^3 He signaling a common origin. Concentrating on Fe since it is a minor ion but with higher abundance than many others, we find its spectral shape and intensity is similar to ^3 He. In ∼two-thirds of the cases, if the ^3 He spectrum is shifted to lower energy by a factor 3.0 ± 1.3, it nearly coincides with the Fe spectrum, illustrating their close connection. Several plasma wave turbulence models have calculated spectra that also show the ion rollovers around 1 MeV nucleon ^−1 . The unique mass-to-charge ratio of ^3 He allows it to interact more efficiently with the turbulence, thereby gaining several times more energy per nucleon than the other heavy ions. In the spectral rollover region this can lead to the observed enormous enhancements of ^3 He. The acceleration appears to be associated with magnetic reconnection in emerging flux regions on the Sun.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. A Rapid Sequence of Solar Energetic Particle Events Associated with a Series of Extreme-ultraviolet Jets: Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, and Near-Earth Spacecraft Observations

Author

D. Lario, L. A. Balmaceda, R. Gómez-Herrero, G. M. Mason, V. Krupar, C. Mac Cormack, A. Kouloumvakos, I. Cernuda, H. Collier, I. G. Richardson, P. Kumar, S. Krucker, F. Carcaboso, N. Wijsen, R. D. Strauss, N. Dresing, A. Warmuth, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, L. Rodríguez-García, I. C. Jebaraj, G. C. Ho, R. Buĉík, D. Pacheco, F. Espinosa Lara, A. Hutchinson, T. S. Horbury, L. Rodríguez, N. P. Janitzek, A. N. Zhukov, A. Aran, and N. V. Nitta

Subjects
Solar energetic particles, Solar coronal waves, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

A series of solar energetic electron (SEE) events was observed from 2022 November 9 to November 15 by Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, and near-Earth spacecraft. At least 32 SEE intensity enhancements at energies >10 keV were clearly distinguishable in Solar Orbiter particle data, with 13 of them occurring on November 11. Several of these events were accompanied by ≲10 MeV proton and ≲2 MeV nucleon ^−1 heavy-ion intensity enhancements. By combining remote-sensing and in situ data from the three viewpoints (Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A were ∼20° and ∼15° east of Earth, respectively), we determine that the origin of this rapid succession of events was a series of brightenings and jetlike eruptions detected in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations from the vicinity of two active regions. We find a close association between these EUV phenomena, the occurrence of hard X-ray flares, type III radio bursts, and the release of SEEs. For the most intense events, usually associated with extended EUV jets, the distance between the site of these solar eruptions and the estimated magnetic connectivity regions of each spacecraft with the Sun did not prevent the arrival of electrons at the three locations. The capability of jets to drive coronal fronts does not necessarily imply the observation of an SEE event. Two peculiar SEE events on November 9 and 14, observed only at electron energies ≲50 keV but rich in ≲1 MeV nucleon ^−1 heavy ions, originated from slow-rising confined EUV emissions, for which the process resulting in energetic particle release to interplanetary space is unclear.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Interplanetary Ion Flux Dropouts Across Multiple 3He-Rich Events

Author

G. C. Ho, G. M. Mason, R. C. Allen, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, and R. Gómez-Herrero

Subjects
energetic particle, 3He-rich events, Solar Orbiter mission, particle acceleration, active region, Sun, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Solar Orbiter, a joint ESA/NASA mission, is studying the Sun and inner heliosphere in greater detail than ever before. Launched in February 2020, Solar Orbiter has already completed its first three orbits, reaching perihelia of 0.5 au from the Sun in June 2020, February and August 2021. During the first 2 years in orbit, Solar Orbiter observed multiple 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events inside 1 au. Even though these events were small, their spectral forms, 3He content, and association with energetic electrons and type III bursts convincingly identifies them as 3He-rich SEP events with properties similar to those previously observed at 1 au, and promising new insights as Solar Orbiter moves much closer to the Sun in 2022. In May 2021, we observed six 3He-rich SEP events in close succession within 48 h when Solar Orbiter was at 0.95 au. These events were likely released from the same active region at the Sun, and the particles arrived at Solar Orbiter in two batches with various abundances and intensities, showing strong anisotropies throughout. Multiple ion flux dropouts were also observed with these six 3He-rich SEP events. The fact that we observed so many ion injections in such a short period of time indicates the 3He enrichment and acceleration mechanism can produce SEP from the same region very efficiently and with varying enrichment levels and intensities. In addition, we report for the first-time dropout features that spanned multiple ion events simultaneously. This implies the field line random walk that we observe at 1 au still maintains magnetic connections to a small region back at the Sun up to the entire duration of these events (∼48 h).

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results