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Abstract Background Experiential learning through service provides opportunities to nurture and practice empathy. Of growing concern, studies showed significantly decreased empathy scores as students progress through medical school. Additionally, peer-to-peer learning provides an effective way for students to learn. Constructing Care Collaboration (CCC) is a student initiated, structured-service-learning-program that promotes the development of empathy and peer-to-peer teaching. CCC is conducted in cycles of 6 sessions. This is a mixed methods study that explores the effectiveness of CCC as a service learning platform in developing student participants’ empathy, social and cultural competencies, communication skills and peer-to-peer teaching skills, ultimately aiming to promote a culture of serving the underprivileged. Methods The study comprised of a self-administered quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interviews. Both evaluated if CCC participation developed volunteers’ social-awareness, cultural competency, communication, confidence and motivation to teach their peers. Results Quantitative data were collated from 38 completed student volunteers’ questionnaires. Volunteers generally agreed CCC improved social-awareness and cultural competency. It increased confidence of participants in approaching migrant-workers, communicating with people from different social backgrounds, and promoted a culture of peer-to-peer teaching. Thematic analysis of 17 interviews was conducted. Themes identified include: increased empathy towards migrant-workers, improved communication skills, and identifying benefits and challenges in peer-to-peer teaching. Conclusion From the quantitative and qualitative information gathered, CCC has been shown to be effective in nurturing participants’ self-reported empathy, cultural competence, communication skills and improved attitude towards peer-to-peer teaching. Given its effectiveness, CCC can be adopted as a model for structured service-learning.

Typhoon Vamco in 2020 costed the Philippines over PHP 19 billion in damages. One of the heavily affected floodplains is the Marikina River floodplain. Discharges of up to 2582 m3 s−1 along Marikina River were noted. This is the strongest flashflood incident in the area after Typhoon Ketsana in 2009. This study aims to investigate the hydraulics of flood development within the Marikina River floodplain during Typhoon Vamco using numerical modeling. The hydraulic model in HEC-RAS utilized a 1 m LIDAR DTM, calibrated discharges from a hydrologic model and water levels as upstream and downstream boundary conditions, respectively, and a rain-on-grid input. Results showed a max inundation area of ∼ 75 km2 and flood depths of up to 4 m which accounts for the damages in some municipalities and cities in Metro Manila and Rizal Province. Model validation showed the simulated peak level (11.31 m a.s.l.) to be only 1.0 % lower than the peak observed water level (11.43 m a.s.l.). Model results can be used for measures to minimize risk and damages.

The objective of the study was to quantify annual and seasonal differences in the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in situ degradability and ruminal fermentation of grazing steers’ diets. Diet samples were collected with four esophageal cannulated steers (350±3 kg BW); and four ruminally cannulated heifers (342±1.5 kg BW) were used to study the dry matter degradation and fermentation in rumen. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements split plot design. The crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were higher during the first year of trial and in the summer (p