Search

Although the harmful effects of smoking after a cancer diagnosis have been clearly demonstrated, many patients continue to smoke cigarettes during treatment and beyond. The NCCN Guidelines for Smoking Cessation emphasize the importance of smoking cessation in all patients with cancer and seek to establish evidence-based recommendations tailored to the unique needs and concerns of patients with cancer. The recommendations contained herein describe interventions for cessation of all combustible tobacco products (eg, cigarettes, cigars, hookah), including smokeless tobacco products. However, recommendations are based on studies of cigarette smoking. The NCCN Smoking Cessation Panel recommends that treatment plans for all patients with cancer who smoke include the following 3 tenets that should be done concurrently: (1) evidence-based motivational strategies and behavior therapy (counseling), which can be brief; (2) evidence-based pharmacotherapy; and (3) close follow-up with retreatment as needed. more...

Purpose: The 3-category rating of volar plate prominence in relation to the most volar edge of the distal radius (the watershed line) on lateral radiographs was reliable among a small group of surgeons and associated with the probability of flexor tendon irritation and potential rupture. Classifications are often less reliable when tested among a large group of practicing surgeons in different environments. Methods: In this survey-based experiment, an international group of 115 fracture and upper extremity surgeons viewed 1 of 4 sets of 24 lateral radiographs (96 unique lateral radiographs) of patients with distal radius fractures who underwent volar plating in the practice of a single surgeon using 2 types of plates. Surgeons were asked to rate the following metrics: (1) the grade of plate prominence according to Soong, (2) whether the plate was more prominent than the watershed line, (3) whether the plate was separate from the bone distally, and (4) whether there is more than 5° of dorsal angulation of the distal radius articular surface. Results: The interobserver agreement of the classification was “fair” (κ = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.36), and grading was more reliable among surgeons who do not supervise trainees. Volar prominence was less reliable (κ = 0.034; 95% CI = 0.013–0.055) than plate separation from bone (κ = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.42–0.59) and more than 5° of dorsal angulation (κ = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.35–0.48). Conclusions: Among a large number of international practicing surgeons, the classification of volar plate prominence in 3 categories was fair. Clinical Relevance: The diagnosis of plate prominence might develop toward criteria with moderate reliability, such as separation of the plate from the bone and residual angulation of the distal radius. more...

El objetivo del trabajo es presentar los resultados de estrategias pedagógicas que proponen repensar la evaluación como herramienta superadora a su función aceptada de acreditación, así como socializar estrategias de evaluación no tradicionales. Las mismas se ponen a prueba en las asignaturas cuatrimestrales Química General y Química, en carreras de grado de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. La propuesta radica en un análisis de actividades llevadas a cabo sobre 30 cohortes homogeneizadas (2006-2021). En cada cuatrimestre la cohorte de estudio se divide en 3 comisiones, los datos obtenidos por comisión se trabajan como poblaciones independientes. Se considera que las estrategias utilizadas dotan al estudiante de herramientas que lo preparan para enfrentar momentos que requieran aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos durante su vida profesional, construyendo las bases para la autorregulación de sus futuras decisiones. La integración de los modelos presentados en distintos momentos de la formación formal promete afianzarlos al régimen universitario y contribuir a desarrollar paulatinamente conocimientos y habilidades propios de las ciencias duras. Se destaca una mejora significativa en el rendimiento académico y en la aquiescencia de los estudiantes a su proceso de aprendizaje. Estos resultados se vinculan estrechamente a la demanda de formar profesionales multiculturales con un marcado perfil proactivo. more...

The complex rheological response of chocolates of different compositions was analyzed in depth from stationary shear flow curves and large amplitude oscillatory shear tests. The samples have a wide range of cocoa content that controls the rheological behavior characterized by a yielding response. The strain amplitude at which the chocolates changed from elastic-dominated to viscous-dominated behavior ranged from 0.2 to 0.4%. In this region, the stress response to the applied sinusoidally oscillating shear strain showed transient overshoots whose values were similar to yield stress calculated using the Casson equation in continuous flow. The nonlinear response at the steady-state was analyzed. The Q0nonlinearity parameter, obtained from Fourier Transform analysis, increases as the concentration of the solids conferring bimodality to the particle size distribution increases. In the study of intracycle nonlinearities, the analysis of the third-order Chebyshev elastic and viscous coefficients showed that the sample which contains the highest amount of solids different from cocoa exhibited the lowest strain-stiffening and the highest shear-thinning behaviors. Stress bifurcation analysis identified the beginning of the yielding transition and evidenced a nonlinear solid-like behavior before the solid-liquid transition. Analysis of Lissajous–Bowditch curves allowed the static and dynamic contributions of the yielding transition to be identified, and the full Sequence of Physical Process quantitative analysis captures the time-dependent nonlinear response of chocolates over the history of applied deformations. more...

Resención del libro de Canale, Fernando L. El principio cognitivo de la teología cristiana. Un estudio hermenéutico de la revelación y la inspiración de la Biblia. Trad. Margarita Biaggi de Wainz. Libertador San Martín, Argentina: Editorial Universidad Adventista del Plata, 2019. Pp. v + 451. more...

Marine species often exhibit genetic discontinuities concordant with biogeographic boundaries, frequently occurring due to changes in ocean circulation, bathymetry, coastline topography, and temperature. Here, we used 10 916 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the concordance between population genomic differentiation and coastal biogeography in the fishery-important snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) across southeastern Australia. Additionally, we investigated whether spatial scales of assessment and management of snapper align with evidence from population genomics. We detected genomic structure concordant with the region's three biogeographic provinces across snapper from 11 localities (n = 488) between the west coast of South Australia and the south coast of New South Wales. We also detected fine-scale genetic structuring relating to spatial variation in spawning and recruitment dynamics, as well as temporal stability in the genomic signal associated with two important spawning areas. The current management boundaries in the region coincided with either the genetic breaks at bioregional boundaries or with local-scale variation. Our study highlights the value of population genomic surveys in species with high dispersal potential for uncovering stock boundaries and demographic variation related to spawning and recruitment. It also illustrates the importance of marine biogeography in shaping population structure in commercial species with high dispersal potential. more...

ImportancePregnancy induces unique physiologic changes to the immune response and hormonal changes leading to plausible differences in the risk of developing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or Long COVID. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may also have long-term ramifications for exposed offspring, and it is critical to evaluate the health outcomes of exposed children. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC aims to evaluate the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various populations. RECOVER- Pregnancy was designed specifically to address long-term outcomes in maternal-child dyads.MethodsRECOVER-Pregnancy cohort is a combined prospective and retrospective cohort that proposes to enroll 2,300 individuals with a pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic and their offspring exposed and unexposed in utero, including single and multiple gestations. Enrollment will occur both in person at 27 sites through theEunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institutes of Health Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network and remotely through national recruitment by the study team at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF). Adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are eligible for enrollment in the pregnancy cohort and will follow the protocol for RECOVER-Adult including validated screening tools, laboratory analyses and symptom questionnaires followed by more in-depth phenotyping of PASC on a subset of the overall cohort. Offspring exposed and unexposed in utero to SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection will undergo screening tests for neurodevelopment and other health outcomes at 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Blood specimens will be collected at 24 months of age for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, storage and anticipated later analyses proposed by RECOVER and other investigators.DiscussionRECOVER-Pregnancy will address whether having SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy modifies the risk factors, prevalence, and phenotype of PASC. The pregnancy cohort will also establish whether there are increased risks of adverse long-term outcomes among children exposed in utero.RegistrationNCT05172024 more...

Surface chemistry of materials that host quantum bits such as diamond are an important avenue of exploration as quantum computation and quantum sensing platforms mature. Interfacing diamond in general, and nanoscale diamond (ND) in particular with silica is a potential route to integrate the quantum bit into a photonic device, fiber optic, cells or tissues with flexible functionalization chemistry. While silica growth on ND cores has been used successfully for quantum sensing and biolabeling, the surface mechanism to initiate growth was unknown. This report describes the surface chemistry responsible for silica bond formation on diamond and uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to probe the diamond surface chemistry and its electronic structure with increasing silica thickness. A modified Stöber (Cigler) method was used to synthesize 2–35 nm thick shells of SiO2 onto carboxylic acid rich ND cores and the diamond features and surface structure were characterized by overlapping techniques including electron microscopy. Importantly, we discovered that SiO2 growth on carboxylated NDs eliminates the presence of carboxylic acids and that basic ethanolic solutions converts the ND surface to an alcohol-rich surface prior to silica growth. The data supports a mechanism that alcohols on the ND surface generate silyl-ether (ND-O-Si-(OH)3) bonds due to rehydroxylation by ammonium hydroxide in ethanol. Additionally, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) maps produced by the transition edge sensor supports the chemical analysis provided by XAS. The suppression of the diamond electronic structure as a function of SiO2 thickness was observed, and the Auger electron escape depth was modeled using the NIST database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to support our experimental results. Researchers using high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) NDs or any alcohol-terminated material (metal oxides, oxidized silicon carbide or cubic-boron nitride) for quantum sensing applications may exploit these results to design new core-shell quantum sensors with base-catalyzed reactions and metal oxide precursors. more...

PDF file - 180K, Supplemental Figure 1: Complete deletion of Dlg1 in three independent Cre-expression systems permits development of mature, peripheral B cell subsets.

Drosophila melanogaster discs large (dlg) is an essential tumor suppressor gene (TSG) controlling epithelial cell growth and polarity of the fly imaginal discs in pupal development. A mammalian ortholog, Dlg1, is involved in embryonic urogenital morphogenesis, postsynaptic densities in neurons, and immune synapses in lymphocytes. However, a potential role for Dlg1 as a mammalian TSG is unknown. Here, we present evidence that loss of Dlg1 confers strong predisposition to the development of malignancies in a murine model of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Using mice with conditionally deleted Dlg1 alleles, we identify a novel “pre-leukemic” stage of developmentally arrested early B-lineage cells marked by preeminent c-Myc expression. Mechanistically, we show that in B-lineage progenitors Dlg1 interacts with and stabilizes the PTEN protein, regulating its half-life and steady-state abundance. The loss of Dlg1 does not affect the level of PTEN mRNAs but results in a dramatic decrease in PTEN protein, leading to excessive phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling and proliferation. Our data suggest a novel model of tumor suppression by a PDZ domain-containing polarity gene in hematopoietic cancers. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(6); 426–37. ©2013 AACR. more...

PDF file - 181K, Supplemental Figure 5: Histopathology analysis of lymph node and spleen of p53 KO, DKO, and B6/CTRL mice.

PDF file - 88K, Supplemental Table 1: Primers used for qRT-PCR.

PDF file - 61K, Supplemental Figure 4: Diminished expression of endogenous PTEN protein in BCR-Abl transformed Dlg1 deficient B cells.

PDF file - 81K

PDF file - 115K, Supplemental Figure 6: Chromosomal translocations visualized by Spectral Karyotyping (SKYTM) analysis of splenic tumors.

PDF file - 132K, Supplemental Figure 3: Dissemination of oncogenically- transformed pre-B cells in the in vivo model of retrovirally- induced BCR-ABL-positive B-ALL.

El Mundo Virtual (MV) ha ganado prominencia teórica en el ámbito educativo dada sus múltiples ventajas; sin embargo, en la práctica, su integración a procesos de Formación Inicial Docente (FID) sigue siendo poco estudiada. Esta investigación de diseño pre-experimental tiene por objetivo analizar el efecto de simulaciones de prácticas pedagógicas en un MV sobre la valoración de desempeños pedagógicos de estudiantes en FID. Participaron 140 estudiantes chilenos de programas de pedagogía en una intervención educativa que constó de seis sesiones de 90 minutos durante un período de dos meses durante la pandemia. Se administró un instrumento de autorreporte, como pre y post test, para la valoración de desempeños pedagógicos. Los hallazgos reportan un efecto positivo de las simulaciones de prácticas pedagógicas sobre el desempeño docente, como también, una mayor valoración por parte de estudiantes de cursos superiores en comparación a estudiantes de cursos inferiores. Se concluye que el MV refuerza competencias pedagógicas, disciplinares y tecnológicas de los futuros profesores, y proporciona un espacio de simulación de prácticas efectivas en un contexto seguro ante las condiciones actuales por COVID-19., The Virtual World (VW) has gained theoretical prominence in the educational field due to its multiple advantages; however, in practice, its integration into Initial Teacher Training (ITT) processes is still scarcely studied. This pre-experimental design research aims to analyze the effect of simulations of pedagogical practices in a VW on the assessment of pedagogical performance of students in ITT. 140 Chilean students from pedagogy programs participated in an educational intervention consisting of six 90-minute sessions over a period of two months during the pandemic. A self-report instrument was administered as a pre- and post-test for the assessment of pedagogical performance. Findings show a positive effect of the simulations of pedagogical practices on teaching performance, as well as a higher rate by students at higher grades compared to students at lower grades. It is concluded that the VW allows reinforcing pedagogical, disciplinary and technological competencies of future teachers, and provide a space for simulation of effective practices in a safe context under the current conditions by COVID-19. more...

Resumen Introduccion El exito de un proceso de entrenamiento deportivo radica en la adaptacion satisfactoria del atleta al aumento progresivo de la carga, que incluye respetar los tiempos de recuperacion. Sin embargo, cuando esto no ocurre puede aparecer el Sindrome de Sobreentrenamiento (SSE). Objetivo Establecer a traves de la revision de evidencia sistematica, los indicadores utilizados para el diagnostico del SSE en atletas de resistencia de alto rendimiento. Metodo Se realizo una busqueda sistematica de los indicadores utilizados en el diagnostico del SSE en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Science Direct, Biomed Central y Scielo. Se evaluo calidad, sesgo y heterogeneidad de cada publicacion, para un posterior analisis cualitativo o cuantitativo de acuerdo con la informacion encontrada para cada variable. Resultados Once articulos (con 7 estudios) fueron seleccionados para analisis completo. Cinco variables (lactato, creatin quinasa, cortisol, VO2 max y FC max) fueron incluidas para analisis cuantitativo. Tres de las variables presentaron heterogeneidad baja y dos heterogeneidad moderada. El lactato demostro una disminucion consistente en el grupo experimental (DM -1,86 IC 95% -2,66 a -1,07). La FC max tambien se vio disminuida en el grupo experimental (DM -4,08 IC 95% -8,41 a 0,24). Conclusiones Se encontro que la monitorizacion del lactato y de la FC maxima podrian ser indicadores cercanos al diagnostico del SSE. more...

The etiology of ulcerative colitis is poorly understood and is likely to involve perturbation of the complex interactions between the mucosal immune system and the commensal bacteria of the gut, with cytokines acting as important cross-regulators. Here we use IFN receptor-deficient mice in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute intestinal injury to study the contributions of type I and III interferons (IFN) to the initiation, progression and resolution of acute colitis. We find that mice lacking both types of IFN receptors exhibit enhanced barrier destruction, extensive loss of goblet cells and diminished proliferation of epithelial cells in the colon following DSS-induced damage. Impaired mucosal healing in double IFN receptor-deficient mice is driven by decreased amphiregulin expression, which IFN signaling can up-regulate in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment. Together, these data underscore the pleiotropic functions of IFNs and demonstrate that these critical antiviral cytokines also support epithelial regeneration following acute colonic injury. Despite being prevalent yet well studied, ulcerative colitis still has poorly characterized pathophysiology. Here the authors use mouse colitis models to find that type I and III interferon (IFN) both contribute to ameliorating the disease, with IFN signaling in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment sufficient for this protective effect. more...

We aimed to evaluate whether delivering during the early the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with increased risk of maternal death or serious morbidity from common obstetric complications compared with a historical control period.This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study with manual medical-record abstraction performed by centrally trained and certified research personnel at 17 U.S. hospitals. Individuals who gave birth on randomly selected dates in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2020 (during the pandemic) were compared. Hospital, health care system, and community risk-mitigation strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in response to the early COVID-19 pandemic are described. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal death or serious morbidity from common obstetric complications, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (eclampsia, end organ dysfunction, or need for acute antihypertensive therapy), postpartum hemorrhage (operative intervention or receipt of 4 or more units blood products), and infections other than SARS-CoV-2 (sepsis, pelvic abscess, prolonged intravenous antibiotics, bacteremia, deep surgical site infection). The major secondary outcome was cesarean birth.Overall, 12,133 patients giving birth during and 9,709 before the pandemic were included. Hospital, health care system, and community SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies were employed at all sites for a portion of 2020, with a peak in modifications from March to June 2020. Of patients delivering during the pandemic, 3% had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during pregnancy through 42 days postpartum. Giving birth during the pandemic was not associated with a change in the frequency of the primary composite outcome (9.3% vs 8.9%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.02, 95% CI 0.93-1.11) or cesarean birth (32.4% vs 31.3%, aRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). No maternal deaths were observed.Despite substantial hospital, health care, and community modifications, giving birth during the early COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with higher rates of serious maternal morbidity from common obstetric complications.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04519502. more...

In multiply matched case-control studies, a number of cases and controls may be included in each matched set. However, when per-participant costs between cases and controls differ, investigators should be aware of how the numbers of cases and controls per matched set affect the overall total study cost. Traditional statistical approaches to designing case-control studies do not account for study costs. Given an effect size, the power to detect differences is typically a function of the numbers of cases and controls within each matched set. Therefore, the same level of statistical power will be achieved based on various combinations of the numbers of cases and controls. Typical matched case-control studies match a case to a number of controls by levels of 1 or more known factors. Several authors have shown that for study designs with 1 case per matched set, the optimal number of controls within each matched set that minimizes the total study cost is the square root of the ratio of the cost of a case to the cost of a control. Herein, we extend this result to the setting of a multiply matched case-control study design, when 1 or more cases are matched to controls within each matched set. A Shiny web application implementation of the proposed methods is presented. more...

Vegetable by-products represent a valuable source of compounds with biological activity that could be used in food and cosmetics industries. The objective of this work is the valorization through the lipophilic nutraceuticals characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of Jalapeno pepper industrial by-product oil, and the remainder flour from oil extraction. Jalapeno pepper by-products and whole fruit from two regions: Chihuahua and Sinaloa States from Mexico were obtained from a local industry. From the whole fruit it was prepared a simulated raw by-product, in order to use it to evaluate the effect of industrial scalding process on the by-product. The Jalapeno pepper by-product contain around 22% of oil with important lipophilic nutraceuticals, the oil has a greenness color, and remains attractive concentrations of essential fatty acids, more than 70% of linoleic acid; β-carotene up to 1.85 mg/100 g of oil; α-tocopherol (46.12 mg/100 g of oil) up to four times more than red pepper seeds (C. annuum). Moreover, two and a half and five times more capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively, were detected in the oil fraction, than the reported before in no polar extract from whole fruit of C. frutescens. The scalding process reduces the β-carotene, capsaicinoids, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the oil fraction, but despite of this, Jalapeno pepper by-product oil and remainder flour contain bioactive compounds at similar concentrations to previously reports in other peppers. The Jalapeno pepper by-products derived by the food industry have the potential to be used for the recovery of an oil with nutraceutical potential. more...

A continuación, se muestra crecimiento del uso de energía solar fotovoltaica en Tegucigalpa, Honduras con respecto a la generación de energía eléctrica en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa comprendida entre el año 2012 a mayo de 2019. A través de la recolección de información obtenida con las empresas instaladoras de proyectos fotovoltaicos y comercios que tienen instalados dichos proyectos, haciendo uso de espacios muertos en los techos y azoteas de sus edificios para la incorporación de paneles fotovoltaicos. Finalmente analizando una serie de gráficos que comprenden potencia instalada, número de proyectos, evolución del precio de kW instalado, como claro ejemplo del funcionamiento de estas plantas en la generación de energía eléctrica. more...

Proverbs 30.1b represents a well-known textual conundrum that is regularly resolved by re-dividing and re-pointing the consonantal text of MT. The typical emendation to the initial ‘words of Agur’ results in a text that has this figure lament his weariness. Adopting in part this common emendation while also taking a cue from an older suggestion by Charles C. Torrey, this article contends that an Aramaic Vorlage to the initial three verses of Prov. 30 lies behind the current MT. The proposal explains better than most other suggestions how the corrupted MT of Prov. 30.1b emerged. Unlike most commentators who accept the common emendation to the line but who do not discuss much Agur’s weariness, the proposal also explains why Agur experiences fatigue by considering several key biblical and Second Temple intertexts to Prov. 30.1-4. more...