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117 results on '"J. W. Griffin"'

1. Patterns of Guillain-Barre syndrome in children: Results from a Mexican population

Author: I, Nachamkin, P, Arzarte Barbosa, P Arzate, Barbosa, Huong, Ung, H, Ung, C, Lobato, A, Gonzalez Rivera, A Gonzalez, Rivera, P, Rodriguez, A, Garcia Briseno, A Garcia, Briseno, L Maria, Cordero, L, Garcia Perea, L Garcia, Perea, J Carlos, Perez, M, Ribera, P Chico, Aldama, G Dávila, Guitérrez, L Flores, Sarnat, M Ruiz, García, J, Veitch, C, Fitzgerald, D R, Cornblath, D, Cornblath, M, Rodriguez Pinto, M Rodriguez, Pinto, J W, Griffin, H J, Willison, A K, Asbury, and G M, McKhann
Subjects: Diarrhea, Male, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Flaccid paralysis, G(M1) Ganglioside, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Internal medicine, Campylobacter Infections, medicine, Humans, Child, Mexico, Motor Neurons, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Antibody titer, Infant, medicine.disease, Child, Preschool, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Vomiting, Female, Seasons, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Polyneuropathy
Abstract: Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated flaccid paralysis frequently associated with Campylobacter infection. Of two predominant GBS subtypes, a demyelinating subtype (acute inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy [AIDP]) predominates in the United States and Europe, and axonal subtype (acute motor axonal neuropathy [AMAN]) is the predominant form in China. Previous clinical studies suggested that AMAN also occurs in Mexican children. The purpose of this study was to describe the subtypes of GBS in children from Mexico City. Methods: We prospectively studied 121 children admitted to two pediatric hospitals in Mexico City from 1996 to 2002. Clinical histories were obtained, electrophysiologic studies were performed to determine GBS subtype, and microbiologic studies were performed. Results: Of the 121 children, 46 had AMAN and 32 had AIDP. The male to female ratio was 1.3 for AMAN cases (mean age = 6.3) and 3.0 for AIDP cases (mean age = 7.0). There was a strong seasonal distribution of AMAN cases in July to September. Children with AMAN, but not AIDP, had worsening of illness during hospitalization as judged by peak severity scores. Vomiting was more likely in AIDP (28.1%) vs AMAN (6.5%) ( p = 0.012) and diarrhea was more common in AMAN (32.6%) than AIDP (12.5%) ( p = 0.06). IgG anti-GM1 antibody titers were higher in patients with AMAN vs AIDP ( p = 0.067). Anti-GD1a antibodies were equally present in both groups. Anti GQ1b titers were higher in AMAN vs AIDP ( p = 0.009). Campylobacter antibody responses were positive in 44.1% of patients with AMAN and 37.0% of patients with AIDP. Twenty patients (14 = AMAN, 6 = AIDP) had positive stool cultures for C jejuni . Two serotypes, HS:19 and HS:41, accounted for 6 of 10 Campylobacter isolates available for serotyping from these cases. Conclusions: This study confirms that acute motor axonal neuropathy is an important Guillain-Barre syndrome subtype in Mexican children, is associated with diarrhea, and occurs seasonally. GLOSSARY: AIDP = acute inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy; AMAN = acute motor axonal neuropathy; AMSAN = acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy; GBS = Guillain-Barre syndrome; HS = heat stable; INP = Instituto Nacional de Pediatria; HPL = Hospital Legaria.
Published: 2007
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2. Toxic neuropathy in patients with pre-existing neuropathy

Author: Vinay Chaudhry, Thomas O. Crawford, J. W. Griffin, E. Simmons-O’Brien, and M. Chaudhry
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Vincristine, Lung Neoplasms, Lymphoma, Paclitaxel, Dose, medicine.medical_treatment, Neural Conduction, Breast Neoplasms, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Aged, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thalidomide, Surgery, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Peripheral neuropathy, Toxicity, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The authors report significant worsening of a pre-existing neuropathy in six patients who received "non-toxic" dosages of known neurotoxic agents. Before treatment, baseline total neuropathy score (TNS) averaged 9.5 (range 0 to 19). After chemotherapy (Taxol [125 to 175 mg/m(2) x 4]; vincristine [2 to 5 mg]; cisplatin [40 mg/m(2) x 8]; and thalidomide [60 g]), the TNS averaged 22 (range 13 to 29). The authors conclude that functionally disabling toxic neuropathy can occur in patients with pre-existing neuropathy at standard doses.
Published: 2003
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3. VASCULITIC NEURPPATHIES

Author: J W, Griffin
Subjects: Vasculitis, Necrosis, Rheumatology, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Abstract: Vasculitis typically affects the 50- to 400-micron vessels of the vasa nervorum, leading to randomly distributed ischemia along the course of the nerve. This, in turn, leads to a distinctive picture, multiple mononeuropathy, as a frequent but not invariant clinical consequence of vasculitis. The diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy is usually made by biopsy histologic confirmation. The response to treatment varies among different vasculitides; vasculitis restricted to the peripheral nervous system is often especially responsive.
Published: 2001
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4. Subclinical sensory neuropathy in late-onset restless legs syndrome

Author: J. W. Griffin, Peter Hauer, Justin C. McArthur, Christopher J. Earley, Michael Polydefkis, and Richard P. Allen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Late onset, Neurological disorder, Restless Legs Syndrome, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, mental disorders, Humans, Medicine, Neurons, Afferent, Restless legs syndrome, Age of Onset, Family history, Aged, Skin, Subclinical infection, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Peripheral neuropathy, Neuropathic pain, Female, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, business
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of different forms of peripheral neuropathy in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and correlate the findings with other clinical characteristics.RLS is characterized by a desire to move the extremities, often associated with paresthesias or dysesthesias, motor restlessness, worsening of symptoms with rest with relief by activity, and worsening of symptoms in the evening or night. The association between RLS and peripheral neuropathy remains controversial. The observation that many patients with small-fiber neuropathy also complain of RLS prompted this prospective case series.Twenty-two consecutive patients with RLS were evaluated for evidence of large-fiber neuropathy (LFN) and small sensory fiber loss (SSFL).In eight of the 22 (36%) patients, neuropathy was identified. Three patients had pure LFN; two had mixed LFN and SSFL; and three had isolated SSFL. The SSFL group had a later onset of RLS (p0.009), reported pain in their feet with RLS more frequently (p0.001), and tended to have no family history of RLS (p0.078). Patients with LFN did not have similar associations with age at onset, family history status, or presence of pain.The results suggest that two forms of RLS exist: one is triggered by painful dysesthesias associated with SSFL, has later onset, and no family history; and one without involvement of SSF, with an earlier onset age, positive family history for RLS, and no pain. The authors hypothesize that patients with the SSFL subtype of RLS will preferentially respond to neuropathic pain medications.
Published: 2000
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5. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density in patients with painful sensory neuropathy

Author: Adelaine Stocks, J. W. Griffin, Justin C. McArthur, Neil R. Holland, David R. Cornblath, and Peter Hauer
Subjects: Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Neural Conduction, Physical examination, Nerve fiber, Sensory system, Statistics, Nonparametric, Nerve Fibers, medicine, Humans, In patient, Myelin Sheath, Aged, Skin, Observer Variation, Analysis of Variance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Peripheral neuropathy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuropathic pain, Neurology (clinical), business, Sensory nerve
Abstract: Article abstract-Despite prominent symptoms of neuropathic pain, patients with small-fiber sensory neuropathies have few objective abnormalities on clinical examination and routine electrodiagnostic studies. We quantified intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in sections of skin obtained by punch skin biopsy, and found it to be significantly reduced in patients with painful sensory neuropathies compared with age-matched control subjects. In addition, IENF density correlated with clinical estimates of neuropathy severity, as judged by the extent of clinically identifiable sensory abnormalities. IENF density at the calf was lower than that obtained from skin at more proximal sites, indicating the length dependency of small-fiber loss in these neuropathies.NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 708-711
Published: 1997
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6. APOE 4 is not a susceptibility gene in idiopathic or diabetic sensory neuropathy

Author: David R. Cornblath, Michael Polydefkis, Z. Zhou, J. W. Griffin, and Ahmet Hoke
Subjects: Male, Apolipoprotein E, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, Apolipoprotein E4, Susceptibility gene, behavioral disciplines and activities, Apolipoproteins E, Idiopathic Neuropathy, Diabetic Neuropathies, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, In patient, Risk factor, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Endocrinology, Sensation Disorders, Sensory neuropathy, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: The presence of an APOE epsilon4 allele may be a risk factor for neuropathy severity in diabetes. The authors assessed the frequency of APOE epsilon4 in patients presenting with sensory predominant neuropathy. APOE epsilon4 frequency among patients with early diabetic neuropathy and impaired glucose tolerance-associated neuropathy was 16 to 17%, and not different from patients with idiopathic neuropathy (17%) or published normative values (16%). APOE epsilon4 may not function as a susceptibility gene in sensory predominant neuropathy.
Published: 2005
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7. Reply

Author: J. W. Griffin, C. Y. Li, T. W. Ho, P. Xue, C. Macko, C. Y. Gao, C. Yang, M. Tian, B. Mishu, D. R. Cornblath, G. M. McKhann, and A. K. Asbury
Subjects: Neurology (clinical)
Published: 1996
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8. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. 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Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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9. Positive neuropathic sensory symptoms as endpoints in diabetic neuropathy trials

Author: S C, Apfel, A K, Asbury, V, Bril, T M, Burns, J N, Campbell, C H, Chalk, P J, Dyck, E L, Feldman, H L, Fields, I A, Grant, J W, Griffin, C J, Klein, U, Lindblom, W J, Litchy, P A, Low, M, Melanson, J R, Mendell, M D, Merren, P C, O'Brien, M, Rendell, R A, Rizza, F J, Service, P K, Thomas, D, Walk, A K, Wang, K, Wessel, A J, Windebank, D, Ziegler, and D W, Zochodne
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, Endpoint Determination, business.industry, MEDLINE, Diabetes mellitus therapy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Diabetic Neuropathies, Neurology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Sensation Disorders, Epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Medicine, Sensory symptoms, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 2001
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10. Mycophenolate mofetil: A safe and promising immunosuppressant in neuromuscular diseases

Author: Vinay Chaudhry, Daniel B. Drachman, David R. Cornblath, J. W. Griffin, and Richard O'Brien
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Average duration, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Mycophenolate, Gastroenterology, Inflammatory myopathy, Internal medicine, Myasthenia Gravis, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, Myositis, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Demyelinating neuropathy, Corticosteroid, Female, Functional status, Neurology (clinical), business, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract: The authors report the use mycophenolate mofetil (MM) in the treatment of neuromuscular diseases. Thirty-eight patients (32 with MG, three with inflammatory myopathy, and three with chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathy) were treated with MM for an average duration of 12 months. All patients tolerated MM without major side effects. Twenty-four patients improved either in their functional status or in their ability to reduce corticosteroid dose. Mean time to improvement was 5 months.
Published: 2001
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11. Chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome

Author: Ralph W. Kuncl, Vinay Chaudhry, Miriam Freimer, Jonathan D. Glass, David R. Cornblath, J. W. Griffin, and William R. Tyor
Subjects: myalgia, Weakness, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Sensation, Diagnosis, Differential, Polyneuropathies, Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Eosinophilia, Peripheral Nerves, Pathological, Myelin Sheath, Aged, Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome, Motor Neurons, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Tryptophan, Sensory loss, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Axons, Pathophysiology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Back Pain, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Polyneuropathy, Demyelinating Diseases, Research Article
Abstract: Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is a newly described syndrome associated with use of L-tryptophan. A neuropathy with features of axonal degeneration has also been described in conjunction with EMS. Demyelinating polyneuropathy is not a well recognised association of the syndrome. The two patients with EMS reported presented with profound weakness and sensory loss and were found to have clinical, electrophysiological and pathological evidence of a chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy. The concurrence of this neuropathy with EMS, as well as several other features of their illness, is suggestive of an immune mediated mechanism in the pathophysiology of EMS.
Published: 1992
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12. Axonal Transport Disorders

Author: Paul N. Hoffman, Philip C. Wong, J. W. Griffin, and Donald L. Price
Subjects: Cell type, Neuronal protein, Regeneration (biology), Vesicle, Nerve cells, Axoplasmic transport, Biology, Neuroscience, Process (anatomy), Intracellular transport
Abstract: Because neurons possess the most complex geometries of any cell type, intracellular transport systems are essential to deliver critical proteins to specific anatomical and functional sites (e.g., dendrites, axons, and synaptic terminals) where relatively few proteins are synthesized. Although increasing evidence suggests that some proteins are synthesized locally within dendrites and spines and even within axons/terminals, the principal sites of neuronal protein synthesis are the cell bodies; axons and nerve terminals, in particular, depend primarily on this source for a continued supply of certain proteins to perform normal functions. The axonal transport systems, which evolved to deliver essential materials to the most distal parts of nerve cells, participate in the delivery of proteins and prepackaged cargo to specific destinations. These systems were initially distinguished based on velocity (fast, intermediate, or slow) and direction of movement (anterograde and retrograde). The identification of anterograde and retrograde transport motors and delineation of transport vesicles and cargo are critical players in this evolving story of discovery. Because axonal transport is a critical process within nerve cells, it is not surprising that axonal transport is involved in regeneration and that impairments in transport are associated with a variety of disorders of the peripheral and central nervous systems. In this article, we describe these transport systems and discuss how axonal transport functions in regeneration and repair and how malfunctions of transport processes are implicated in both experimental models and in human disorders.
Published: 2009
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13. Neuropathic pain. Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes

Author: James N. Campbell, Troels S. Jensen, Rolf-Detlef Treede, Jonathan O. Dostrovsky, J. W. Griffin, Richard A. C. Hughes, Giorgio Cruccu, Turo Nurmikko, Per Hansson, and Jordi Serra
Subjects: Nosology, Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensory system, Neurological disorder, Disease, Somatosensory system, Severity of Illness Index, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Terminology as Topic, medicine, Humans, Pain Measurement, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Nociceptors, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, medicine.disease, Nociception, Anesthesia, Neuropathic pain, Neuralgia, Neurology (clinical), business, Algorithms
Abstract: Pain usually results from activation of nociceptive afferents by actually or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. Pain may also arise by activity generated within the nervous system without adequate stimulation of its peripheral sensory endings. For this type of pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain introduced the term neuropathic pain, defined as "pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system." While this definition has been useful in distinguishing some characteristics of neuropathic and nociceptive types of pain, it lacks defined boundaries. Since the sensitivity of the nociceptive system is modulated by its adequate activation (e.g., by central sensitization), it has been difficult to distinguish neuropathic dysfunction from physiologic neuroplasticity. We present a more precise definition developed by a group of experts from the neurologic and pain community: pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. This revised definition fits into the nosology of neurologic disorders. The reference to the somatosensory system was derived from a wide range of neuropathic pain conditions ranging from painful neuropathy to central poststroke pain. Because of the lack of a specific diagnostic tool for neuropathic pain, a grading system of definite, probable, and possible neuropathic pain is proposed. The grade possible can only be regarded as a working hypothesis, which does not exclude but does not diagnose neuropathic pain. The grades probable and definite require confirmatory evidence from a neurologic examination. This grading system is proposed for clinical and research purposes.
Published: 2008

14. Enhanced Electromagnetic Tagging for Embedded Tracking of Munitions and Ordnance During Future Remediation Efforts. Revision 2

Author: R.J. Davis, B J Sikorski, J W Griffin, R L Amdor, T.J. Barnum, B.D. Balaban, T J Peters, and Keith A Shubert
Subjects: Ammunition, Fully developed, Probability of success, Unexploded ordnance, Engineering, Database, business.industry, Radio-frequency identification, False alarm, computer.software_genre, business, Computer security, computer
Abstract: The program's objective was to investigate means of tagging ordnance items before they are fired or launched and thereby allow a more efficient means for locating unexploded ordnance (UXO) while maintaining very low false alarm rates. Five candidate munitions were selected as being representative of meeting the criteria. Physical mounting options for these five candidate munitions are documented in this report. After investigating radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, Battelle concluded that the Texas Instruments' Tiris 125-kHz magnetic field-sensitive tags offer the highest probability of success for detecting munitions buried three feet or less below the surface. Battelle concludes that using Tiris RFID tags on munitions before they are fired would pay dividends to the U.S. Government. Battelle believes that our testing at the Aberdeen Test Center in 2005 and 2006 demonstrated that properly embedded tags on UXO items can be detected to the needed depth of three feet. Fully developed above-ground interrogators could scan munition ranges at reasonable rates, with a one meter-wide swath and an estimated speed of 2 to 3 mph.
Published: 2007
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15. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the CNS of HIV-infected patients

Author: Peter A. Calabresi, Daniel S. Reich, David N. Irani, Carlos A. Pardo, J. W. Griffin, A. Nath, Peter C. Burger, Douglas A. Kerr, Justin C. McArthur, and A. Venkataramana
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, HIV Infections, Lesion, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Central Nervous System Diseases, Internal medicine, Immunopathology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Humans, Coma, medicine.diagnostic_test, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Brain biopsy, Viral Load, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Viral load, Encephalitis
Abstract: Objective: To describe challenges in diagnosis and management of patients with clinical syndromes of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) involving the CNS. Methods: The authors describe three patients with clinically distinct neurologic manifestations of IRIS with HIV infection who presented as diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Results: One patient with cryptococcal meningitis developed acute cerebellitis with mass effect and brainstem compression. Corticosteroid therapy was associated with complete resolution of the cerebellar lesion but the patient developed VZV encephalitis. Another patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developed subacute progression of focal neurologic deficits associated with contrast enhancing lesions on brain MRI. This patient had spontaneous resolution of the lesion but was left with residual deficits. One patient developed a progressive dementing syndrome and deterioration over several months resulting in coma during combination antiretroviral therapy. A brain biopsy in this latter patient showed massive infiltration of T lymphocytes predominantly of the CD8 subtype. This patient had a significant improvement with corticosteroids and change in antiretroviral regimen although she was left with residual cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome should be suspected in patients who show clinical or radiologic deterioration following initiation of antiretroviral therapy accompanied with improvement in CD4 cell count and viral load. Some patients may respond to a brief course of treatment with corticosteroids.
Published: 2006

16. The utility of skin biopsy for prediction of progression in suspected small fiber neuropathy

Author: Michael Polydefkis, Peter Hauer, Christopher H. Gibbons, Justin C. McArthur, J. W. Griffin, Istvan Bonyhay, and Anna Brown
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Nerve fiber, Nerve Fibers, Predictive Value of Tests, Medicine, Humans, Paresthesia, Small Fiber Neuropathy, Aged, Skin, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Skin biopsy, Sensation Disorders, Etiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Twenty-eight patients with sensory complaints of unknown etiology had repeated skin biopsies. Patients with large nerve fiber swellings on initial biopsy showed a decline in epidermal nerve fiber density on repeated biopsies (p < 0.05 within group; p < 0.05 vs those without swellings). Patients without nerve fiber swellings did not have changes in nerve fiber density between biopsies. Patients with large nerve fiber swellings were most likely to present clinically with paresthesias (p < 0.05).
Published: 2006

17. Prospective evaluation of somatic and autonomic small fibers in selected autonomic neuropathies

Author: J. Low, Kim K. Nickander, V. Gordon, J. W. Griffin, Julie H. McArthur, Wolfgang Singer, Phillip A. Low, and Judith M. Spies
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, Nerve fiber, Severity of Illness Index, Norepinephrine, Diabetic Neuropathies, Internal medicine, Tachycardia, Severity of illness, Autonomic reflex, medicine, Humans, Autonomic Pathways, Prospective Studies, Aged, Skin, Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Sudomotor, Peripheral neuropathy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Phenotype, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Cardiology, Axon reflex, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: There are a number of distal and generalized small-fiber neuropathies. The neuropathologic basis is poorly understood as somatic and autonomic C fibers are not usually studied in the same region of the body. Objective: To evaluate prospective somatic and autonomic C-fiber function in 11 healthy control subjects and 38 patients with different clinical patterns of neuropathy. Methods: Distal small-fiber neuropathy (DSFN), peripheral neuropathy (PN), diabetic neuropathy (DN), neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and idiopathic autonomic neuropathy (IAN) were evaluated. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density was used to evaluate distal somatic C fibers. Both quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test and skin norepinephrine content were measured for the biopsy site to assess distal autonomic C-fiber function. Postganglionic sudomotor, adrenergic, and cardiovagal functions were evaluated by autonomic reflex testing and quantified using a Composite Autonomic Severity Scale. Results: Skin norepinephrine concentration was significantly related to CASS. DN was associated with somatic and autonomic C-fiber impairment with good agreement. POTS was associated with selective distal autonomic deficit. DSFN had combined distal somatic and C-fiber impairment. IAN showed combined and selective distal and generalized autonomic C-fiber impairment. The somatic neuropathies had C-fiber impairment affecting both populations to varying degrees. Conclusion: Although a general agreement exists between the loss of somatic C fibers and autonomic deficits, selective involvement occurs for specific autonomic neuropathies.
Published: 2004

18. The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance

Author: Charlotte J. Sumner, David R. Cornblath, Soham G. Sheth, J. W. Griffin, and Michael Polydefkis
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Neural Conduction, Nerve fiber, Sural nerve, Cell Count, Gastroenterology, Impaired glucose tolerance, Idiopathic Neuropathy, Nerve Fibers, Sural Nerve, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Diabetic Nephropathies, Aged, Cell Size, Pain Measurement, Aged, 80 and over, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Electromyography, Electrodiagnosis, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Peripheral neuropathy, Endocrinology, Neuropathic pain, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epidermis, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract: Objective: To compare the neuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) determined by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Methods: Patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause were prescribed OGTT. Duration of neuropathic symptoms, neuropathic pain, neuropathy classification, nerve conduction test results, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD) were compared between IGT and DM groups. Results: Seventy-three patients completed OGTT; 41 (56%) had abnormal results. Of these 41 patients, 26 had IGT and 15 had DM. Patients with IGT had less severe neuropathy than patients with diabetes, as measured by sural nerve amplitudes ( p = 0.056), sural nerve conduction velocities ( p = 0.03), and distal leg IENFD ( p = 0.01). Patients with IGT had predominantly small fiber neuropathy, compared to patients with DM ( p = 0.05), who had more involvement of large nerve fibers. Conclusions: The neuropathy associated with IGT is milder than the neuropathy associated with DM. Small nerve fibers are prominently affected and may be the earliest detectable sign of neuropathy in glucose dysmetabolism. OGTT is appropriate in patients with idiopathic neuropathy.
Published: 2003

19. Head drop and camptocormia

Author: T. Umapathi, Vinay Chaudhry, David R. Cornblath, Daniel B. Drachman, Ralph W. Kuncl, and J. W. Griffin
Subjects: Male, Weakness, medicine.medical_specialty, Kyphosis, Neurological disorder, Thigh, Thoracic Vertebrae, Camptocormia, Ptosis, Deformity, medicine, Humans, Diplopia, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Anatomy, Neuromuscular Diseases, medicine.disease, Surgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, Dystonia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Editorial, Cervical Vertebrae, Female, Spinal Diseases, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Head
Abstract: The spectrum of bent spine disorders Head ptosis (drop) results from weakness of the neck extensor, or increased tone of the flexor muscles. It is characterised by marked anterior curvature or angulation of the cervical spine and is associated with various neuromuscular (table 1) and extrapyramidal disorders.12–15 Camptocormia or the bent spine syndrome was first described in hysterical soldiers in 1915 by the French neurologist Souques.16 Typically there is marked anterior curvature of the thoracolumbar spine. In some patients the spine is angulated forward, the arms propped against the thigh for support. More cases, all among soldiers, were reported during the first and second world wars. These patients responded well to psychotherapy. Recently camptocormia arising as a result of weakness or abnormality in the tone of the paraspinal muscles has been described (table 2). In contrast with other skeletal disorders of the spine such as kyphosis, the deformity in head ptosis and camptocormia is not fixed and is corrected by passive extension or lying in the supine position. It is not possible to straighten the neck or back voluntarily. The evaluation of these disorders can indeed be challenging and often no definite diagnosis is made, as illustrated by four cases of head ptosis and camptocormia seen by us at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. View this table: Table 1 Neuromuscular causes for head ptosis View this table: Table 2 Causes of camptocormia An 80 year old man developed head ptosis insidiously over a period of few weeks. A week before this he had an upper respiratory tract infection and also experienced transient sharp pain over the left and then the right shoulder. He had no diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, limb weakness, or fatiguability. Examination showed severe neck extensor weakness, Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 2. Muscle strength was normal in all other cranial, proximal, and distal limb muscles. Serum …
Published: 2002

20. Skin biopsy as a tool to assess distal small fiber innervation in diabetic neuropathy

Author: Michael Polydefkis, J. W. Griffin, Peter Hauer, and J C McArthur
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biopsy, medicine.disease, Medical Laboratory Technology, Endocrinology, Nerve Fibers, Diabetic Neuropathies, Diabetes mellitus, Skin biopsy, medicine, Humans, Fiber, Skin pathology, business, Skin
Published: 2001

21. Physiologic-pathologic correlation in Guillain-Barré syndrome in children

Author: Kazim A. Sheikh, Jianguo Zhang, H. S. Wu, Tony W. Ho, Guy M. McKhann, David R. Cornblath, Arthur K. Asbury, J. W. Griffin, Z. F. Jiang, and J. L. Lu
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Motor nerve, Action Potentials, Sural nerve, Classification scheme, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Pathologic correlation, Sural Nerve, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Prospective Studies, Child, Motor Neurons, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Electrodiagnosis, Infant, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Median nerve, Surgery, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Nerve Degeneration, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Sensory nerve, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: To correlate electrophysiologic patterns with sural nerve pathology in children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).Based on electrophysiologic and pathologic observations, GBS has been divided into demyelinating and axonal subtypes. The acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) involves predominantly motor nerve fibers with a physiologic pattern suggesting axonal damage, whereas the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) involves both motor and sensory nerve fibers with a physiologic pattern suggesting demyelination. In this study, we sought to confirm these observations by correlating sural nerve pathology with electrophysiologic findings in GBS patients.Biopsies of sural nerve from 29 of 50 prospectively studied GBS patients were obtained. Nerves were examined by light and electron microscopy, and with immunocytochemistry for macrophages, lymphocytes, and complement activation products.Sural nerves from AMAN patients were normal or had only a few (0.1% to 0.7%) degenerating fibers without lymphocytic infiltration or complement activation. One patient with reduced sural sensory nerve action potential classified as acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) had many degenerating fibers (2.3%) in the sural nerve. All three AIDP patients displayed active demyelination, and in two patients, lymphocytic infiltration and complement activation products were observed on the abaxonal Schwann cell surface.Classification of Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes based on motor conduction studies correlates closely with pathologic changes seen in sural nerve. In acute motor axonal neuropathy cases, the sural nerve is almost completely spared pathologically. In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy cases, macrophage-mediated demyelination and lymphocytic infiltration are common in the biopsies of sural nerves.
Published: 2000

22. Schwann cell-axon interactions in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Author: J W, Griffin and K, Sheikh
Subjects: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Humans, Schwann Cells, Axons
Abstract: The consequences of the molecular defects in myelin genes are manifest from the time of birth in most patients, as assessed either electrodiagnostically or pathologically. Reduction in nerve conduction velocity is present from the first weeks of life, but the clinical manifestations have been recognized as predominantly distal and dominated by distal muscle atrophy. The recent advances in understanding the molecular defects involved present a paradox: the molecular abnormalities are found in intrinsic Schwann cell proteins, not in distal axons. Thus, the interactions between Schwann cells and axons have been the focus of much attention. Here, we present findings on the effects of Schwann cell phenotype on the exon and how abnormalities in myelin alter the axonal cytoskeleton. The clinical importance of Schwann cell-axon interactions extends beyond Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders. The same principles may apply in the CNS, for example, in multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1999

23. Anti-GD1a antibody is associated with axonal but not demyelinating forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author: T W, Ho, H J, Willison, I, Nachamkin, C Y, Li, J, Veitch, H, Ung, G R, Wang, R C, Liu, D R, Cornblath, A K, Asbury, J W, Griffin, and G M, McKhann
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Gangliosides, Immunoglobulin G, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Humans, Child, Antibodies
Abstract: Immunopathological studies suggest that the target of immune attack is different in the subtypes of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), the attack appears directed against the axolemma and nodes of Ranvier. In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), the attack appears directed against a component of the Schwann cell. However, the nature of the antigenic targets is still not clear. We prospectively studied 138 Chinese GBS patients and found that IgG anti-GD1a antibodies were closely associated with AMAN but not AIDP. With a cutoff titer of greater than 1:100, 60% of AMAN versus 4% of AIDP patients had IgG anti-GD1a antibodies; with a cutoff titer of greater than 1:1,000, 24% of AMAN patients and none of the AIDP patients had IgG anti-GD1a antibodies. In contrast, low levels of IgG anti-GM1 antibodies (1:100) were detected in both the AMAN and the AIDP forms (57% vs 35%, NS). High titers of IgG anti-GM1 (1:1,000) were more common in the AMAN form (24% vs 8%, NS). Serological evidence of recent Campylobacter infection was detected in 81% of AMAN and 50% of AIDP patients, and anti-ganglioside antibodies were common in both Campylobacter-infected and noninfected patients. Our results suggest that IgG anti-GD1a antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMAN.
Published: 1999

24. Human autoimmune neuropathies

Author: Tony W. Ho, G. M. McKhann, and J. W. Griffin
Subjects: Nervous system, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Mechanism (biology), business.industry, General Neuroscience, Regeneration (biology), Peripheral Nerve Diseases, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Autoimmunity, Autoimmune Diseases, Immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Peripheral nervous system, medicine, Humans, business, Neuroscience
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Peripheral nerve diseases are among the most prevalent disorders of the nervous system. Because of the accessibility of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to direct physiological and pathological study, neuropathies have traditionally played a unique role in developing our understanding of basic mechanism of nervous system injury and repair. At present they are providing new insight into the mechanisms of immune injury to the nervous system. A rapidly growing catalogue of PNS disorders are now suspected to be immune-mediated, and in the best understood of these disorders, the molecular and cellular targets of immune attack are known, and the pathophysiology follows directly from the specific immune injury. This review summarizes the immunologically relevant features of the PNS, then considers selected immune-mediated neuropathies, focusing on pathogenetic mechanisms. Finally, the PNS is providing a testing ground for new immunotherapies and approaches to protection and regeneration, including the use of trophic factors. The current status of treatment and implications for future approaches is reviewed.
Published: 1998

25. Localization of the giant axonal neuropathy gene to chromosome 16q24

Author: K M, Flanigan, T O, Crawford, J W, Griffin, H H, Goebel, A, Kohlschütter, J, Ranells, P R, Camfield, and L J, Ptácek
Subjects: Consanguinity, Genotype, Genetic Linkage, Genome, Human, Homozygote, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Lod Score, Nervous System Diseases, Axons, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Pedigree
Abstract: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a degenerative disorder of the peripheral nerves that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, presenting in early childhood and progressing to death, usually by late adolescence. Diagnosis is made by peripheral nerve biopsy, in which a striking pathological finding is seen--fibers distorted by giant axonal swellings filled with densely packed bundles of neurofilaments (the primary intermediate filament in neurons), with segregation of other axoplasmic organelles. In addition to disorganized neurofilaments in nerve, disorganization of other members of the intermediate filament family of proteins is seen in other tissues; this implies that the underlying defect is one of generalized intermediate filament organization, with neurofilaments predominantly affected. We have pursued a genomewide search for regions of homozygosity of descent in 5 consanguineous families. A 5.3-cM region of homozygosity, shared in all 5 families, was found on chromosome 16q24, and linkage was established to this locus with a LOD score of 4.18 at theta = 0.00 at the most tightly linked marker, D16S3098. Determination of this locus is the first step toward characterizing the gene responsible for a fundamental property of intermediate filament organization and may shed light on other disorders (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) in which neurofilament pathology is prominent.
Published: 1998

26. Instrumentation for High Speed Analysis of Vehicle Emissions

Author: P. A. Eschbach, J. W. Griffin, and B. W. Wright
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Instrumentation (computer programming), business, Automotive engineering
Published: 1998
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27. Evidence for genetic anticipation in the oculodentodigital syndrome

Author: R E, Shapiro, J W, Griffin, and O C, Stine
Subjects: Adult, Male, Tooth Abnormalities, Syndrome, Nose, Pedigree, Trinucleotide Repeats, Face, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Eye Abnormalities, Syndactyly, Age of Onset, Nervous System Diseases
Abstract: Oculodentodigital syndrome (O.D.) is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising facial anomalies, syndactyly, microcorneae, dental enamel hypoplasia, and leukodystrophy. We describe a four generation family with O.D. in which anomalies such as syndactyly appear congenitally, whereas neurological (i.e., leukodystrophic) signs and symptoms tend to be expressed in a more severe form and/or at an earlier age of onset in successive generations of the kindred. This pattern of phenotypic expression is consistent with the phenomenon of genetic anticipation, and we suggest that O.D. may be a trinucleotide repeat disorder.
Published: 1997

28. Assessment of whole body composition with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: correlation of lean body mass with muscle function

Author: G M, Palmieri, T E, Bertorini, J W, Griffin, M, Igarashi, and J G, Karas
Subjects: Male, Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Reference Values, Child, Preschool, Body Composition, Humans, Regression Analysis, Child, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscular Dystrophies, Body Mass Index
Published: 1996

29. Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerve disease

Author: V, Chaudhry, J D, Glass, and J W, Griffin
Subjects: Macrophages, Animals, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Peripheral Nerves, Wallerian Degeneration, Myelin Sheath, Axons
Abstract: Wallerian-like degeneration can be regarded as the final shared pathway of the most prevalent diseases of the peripheral nervous system, including many degenerative, metabolic, heritable, toxic, inflammatory and ischaemic disorders. The cellular responses that take place during Wallerian degeneration, including the elaboration of neurotrophins, are increasingly recognized to set the stage for the success or failure of subsequent regeneration, and manipulations of Wallerian degeneration are being investigated as a potential means of altering the outcome of nerve regeneration.
Published: 1996

30. Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author: J W, Griffin, C Y, Li, T W, Ho, M, Tian, C Y, Gao, P, Xue, B, Mishu, D R, Cornblath, C, Macko, G M, McKhann, and A K, Asbury
Subjects: Adult, Campylobacter jejuni, Male, Acute Disease, Campylobacter Infections, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Humans, Infant, Female, Autopsy, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, Axons
Abstract: The concept of a severe motor-sensory neuropathy of acute onset caused by an immune attack on the axon ("axonal" Guillain-Barré syndrome) has been advanced primarily based on electrodiagnostic and limited pathological data, but remains controversial. At autopsy some cases demonstrate unusually severe inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. There are conflicting data about whether antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection is associated with "axonal" Guillain-Barré syndrome. We report 4 individuals from Hebei Province, China, who died 7, 7, 18, and 60 days after onset of a syndrome diagnosed clinically as Guillain-Barré syndrome. High titers of antibodies recognizing C. jejuni, consistent with recent infection, were found in the 2 patients tested. At autopsy the 3 with early disease had ongoing wallerian-like degeneration of fibers in the ventral and dorsal roots and in the peripheral nerves, with only minimal demyelination or lymphocytic infiltration. All 3 had numerous macrophages in the periaxonal space of myelinated internodes, and rare intraaxonal macrophages as well. Examination of the patient having the syndrome for 60 days confirmed the extensive loss of large fibers in the spinal roots and nerves, and the paucity of demyelination and remyelination. These observations confirm predictions that some patients with severe motor-sensory Guillain-Barré syndrome, as defined clinically, have predominantly axonal lesions of both motor and sensory fibers, even in the early stages of the disease, and that axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome can follow C. jejuni infection. The pathology supports the possibility that such cases of motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome represent the most severe end of a spectrum of immune attack directed toward epitopes on the axon.
Published: 1996

31. Unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia complex, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy

Author: W R, Tyor, S L, Wesselingh, J W, Griffin, J C, McArthur, and D E, Griffin
Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS Dementia Complex, Spinal Cord, Vacuoles, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Spinal Cord Diseases
Abstract: Neurological diseases associated with HIV infection include dementia, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy. Although in vitro studies suggest that other nervous system cell types could harbor HIV, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies have indicated that only macrophages/microglia are significantly infected in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, even HIV-infected macrophages are rare. Therefore, theories regarding the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurologic disorders have centered around the elaboration of substances that may be toxic to neurons, oligodendrocytes or myelin. These potential toxins include HIV proteins, cellular metabolites, and cytokines. In this review we present evidence that there are large numbers of macrophages/microglia present in the nervous system of patients with these diseases and that they produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The large increase in macrophage activity late in HIV infection may be due to the diminution in production by CD4-positive T cells of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 which are inhibitors of macrophage activities. We hypothesize that HIV-associated dementia complex, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy are directly or indirectly related to the increased numbers of macrophages found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve. Future therapies may be directed towards inhibition of macrophage functions.
Published: 1995

32. Ataxic neuropathies

Author: J. W. Griffin and D. R. Cornblath
Published: 1995
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33. Peripheral nerve disorders in HIV infection. Similarities and contrasts with CNS disorders

Author: J W, Griffin, S L, Wesselingh, D E, Griffin, J D, Glass, and J C, McArthur
Subjects: Microscopy, Electron, AIDS Dementia Complex, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Virulence, HIV, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, HIV Infections, Peripheral Nerves, Myelin Sheath
Published: 1994

34. Antiglycolipid antibodies and peripheral neuropathies: links to pathogenesis

Author: J W, Griffin
Subjects: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Glycolipids
Published: 1994

35. Expression of NGF-receptors during immune-mediated and lysolecithin-induced demyelination of the peripheral nervous system

Author: Bruce D. Trapp, G. Stoll, J. W. Griffin, and C. Y. Li
Subjects: Male, Wallerian degeneration, Histology, Neuritis, Nerve guidance conduit, Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor, Biology, Autoimmune Diseases, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Myelin, medicine, Animals, Receptor, Myelin Sheath, General Neuroscience, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Sciatic Nerve, Cell biology, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nerve growth factor, nervous system, Rats, Inbred Lew, Peripheral nervous system, Female, Sciatic nerve, Anatomy, Spinal Nerve Roots, Wallerian Degeneration, Neuroscience, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: Nerve growth factor receptor, expressed in Schwann cells during early development of the PNS, is rarely found in the normal mature PNS. Following nerve transection nerve growth factor receptor is re-expressed at high levels in the Schwann cells of the denervated nerve fibres. In this study we asked if demyelination caused by an immune-mediated process or by physical destruction of myelin is associated with expression of nerve growth factor receptor, and if so, what cells are positive. We examined spinal roots and sciatic nerves from rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis and sciatic nerves from rats with focal demyelination produced by local application of lysolecithin. Both in 1 micron serial cryosections and in immunostained teased nerve fibres we found that the Schwann cells that were associated with demyelinated internodes expressed nerve growth factor receptor. Immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor appeared first in a perinuclear ring, probably corresponding to the Golgi complex. In completely demyelinated internodes the postmitotic Schwann cells ensheathing the axons expressed nerve growth factor receptor on their plasmalemma. Neighbouring Schwann cells with intact myelin sheaths remained nerve growth factor receptor negative. In contrast, Schwann cells of neighbouring unmyelinated fibres expressed prominent nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity. These data further indicate that expression of nerve growth factor receptor by Schwann cells does not require axonal degeneration, but can be stimulated by some factor associated with acute demyelination.
Published: 1993

36. Eccentric muscle performance of elbow and knee muscle groups in untrained men and women

Author: J W, Griffin, R E, Tooms, R, vander Zwaag, T E, Bertorini, and M L, O'Toole
Subjects: Adult, Male, Rotation, Movement, Muscles, Physical Exertion, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Elbow, Humans, Female, Knee, Aged, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Maximal voluntary eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) capacity of knee and elbow muscle groups was investigated in healthy untrained men (N = 40) and women (N = 50), 21-67 yr of age. Purposes of the study were to describe torque-velocity and ECC-CON relationships, and to compare these relationships among muscle groups and between genders. Average torque was measured at angular velocities of 30 degrees and 120 degrees.s-1 from knee flexor (KF), knee extensor (KE), and elbow flexor (EF) muscle groups unilaterally, using an isokinetic protocol including gravity compensation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA procedures, and a significance level of 0.01 was used for all hypothesis testing. Torque-velocity relationships were similar for each muscle group and gender; i.e., ECC average torque did not change as a function of velocity and CONC torque decreased as angular velocity increased. Women generated greater ECC relative to CONC torque than men in upper and lower extremity muscle groups. Muscle groups differed in ECC relative to CONC capacity in both men and women, with ECC/CONC ratios being greater for KE and EF than KF. In all muscle groups, the magnitude of ECC-CONC differences increased as angular velocity increased. Genders differed in relative strength balance between muscle groups, with men exhibiting greater KF/KE and EF/KF torque ratios than women for both ECC and CONC actions. Results of this study contribute to the body of women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1993

37. A Fiber-Optic Spectrochemical-Emission Sensor as a Detector for Volatile Chlorinated Compounds

Author: K. B. Olsen, J. W. Griffin, B. S. Matson, T. C. Kiefer, and C. J. Flynn
Published: 1992
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38. Association of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and Crohn's colitis

Author: W D, Curtis, B M, Schuman, and J W, Griffin
Subjects: Celiac Disease, Crohn Disease, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Colitis
Published: 1992

39. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal injury: therapeutic recommendations

Author: W D Curtis and J W Griffin
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Peptic Ulcer, media_common.quotation_subject, Perforation (oil well), digestive system, Gastroenterology, Ranitidine, Internal medicine, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Medical prescription, skin and connective tissue diseases, Misoprostol, media_common, Hepatology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, digestive system diseases, Sucralfate, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Gastric Mucosa, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with gastro-duodenal erosions and ulcers. Bleeding and perforation are reported complications in NSAID users. Therapeutic recommendations for NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury are necessary because of our rapidly growing geriatric population, a steady increase in prescriptions for NSAIDs, and the widespread use of over-the-counter NSAIDs. Studies seem to indicate that there is no relationship between acute NSAID-induced mucosal injury and potential damage from chronic NSAID ingestion. Ranitidine (150 mg) b.d. effectively reduces the incidence of duodenal ulcer in NSAID users, but the same dose does not reduce the incidence of gastric ulcer. Misoprostol is effective in reducing the incidence of gastric ulcer in NSAID users, although confirmatory data on its effectiveness in preventing NSAID-induced duodenal ulcer are lacking. In addition to anti-ulcer therapy, treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers includes discontinuing the drug, reducing the dose, or switching to a less potent NSAID. Longer courses of anti-ulcer treatment may be required to achieve expected healing rates when NSAIDs are not discontinued. Results of treatment of NSAID-related ulcers with currently available anti-ulcer medications vary. Several studies have shown that 150 mg ranitidine b.d heals both gastric and duodenal NSAID-induced ulcers. Sucralfate has also been shown to heal NSAID-induced duodenal ulcers. Misoprostol treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers is not well documented, although there are placebo-controlled data that substantiate its benefit in gastric ulcer patients not taking NSAIDs.
Published: 1991

40. The neuronal cytoskeleton in disorders of the motor neuron

Author: J W, Griffin, A C, Clark, I, Parhad, D F, Watson, and P N, Hoffman
Subjects: Motor Neurons, Neurons, Nerve Fibers, Genes, Macrophages, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Models, Neurological, Nerve Degeneration, Animals, Humans, Neuromuscular Diseases, RNA, Messenger, Cytoskeleton
Published: 1991

41. Ataxic sensory neuropathy and dorsal root ganglionitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome

Author: J W, Griffin, D R, Cornblath, E, Alexander, J, Campbell, P A, Low, S, Bird, and E L, Feldman
Subjects: Adult, Male, Sjogren's Syndrome, Neuritis, Ganglia, Spinal, Humans, Ataxia, Female, Middle Aged, Spinal Cord Diseases, Aged
Abstract: Thirteen patients, 11 women and 2 men, developed sensory and autonomic neuronopathies in association with features of primary Sjögren's syndrome. In 11, Sjögren's syndrome had not been previously diagnosed at the time of neurological presentation. All had prominent loss of kinesthesia and proprioception. Pain and thermal sensibility were less severely affected. Most had evidence of autonomic insufficiency. In some this was severe, with Adie's pupils, fixed tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. The course ranged from an abrupt, devastating onset to indolent progression over years. Stabilization or functional improvement occurred in 6 patients, 2 of whom received no drug therapy. Sensory nerve conduction studies and examination of nerve biopsy specimens demonstrated a wide spectrum in the severity of loss of large myelinated fibers. The cutaneous nerves of 6 patients had perivascular mononuclear infiltrates without necrotizing arteritis. Examination of biopsy specimens of dorsal root ganglia in 3 patients revealed lymphocytic (T-cell) infiltration in the dorsal roots and ganglia, with focal clusters around neurons. In the more mildly affected ganglia, individual sensory neurons were undergoing degeneration. In the most advanced case, very few neurons remained. The possibility of Sjögren's syndrome should be considered in patients, especially women, who develop acute, subacute, or chronic sensory and autonomic neuropathies, with ataxia and kinesthetic loss.
Published: 1990

42. Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy: canine motor neuron disease

Author: L C, Cork, D L, Price, J W, Griffin, and G H, Sack
Subjects: Male, Motor Neurons, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Dogs, nervous system, Animals, Humans, Dog Diseases, Pedigree, Research Article
Abstract: Motor neuron diseases, manifest as weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles, occur in infancy, childhood, and adult life. Some forms of this disease are inherited. Motor neurons are selectively affected and exhibit cytoskeletal pathology, primarily enlargements of proximal axons by accumulations of transported neurofilaments. A motor neuron disease, hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy, has been discovered in Brittany spaniels. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic and shows striking clinical and pathological features in common with human motor neuron disease. The availability of this excellent animal model of the human condition has allowed neurobiological investigations of the dynamics of structural and chemical pathologies of vulnerable neurons.
Published: 1990

43. Interferons in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Author: Richard A. Rudick, Stephen L. Hauser, Steven Piantadosi, J. W. Griffin, and Diane Cookfair
Subjects: Relapsing remitting, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Immunology, Medicine, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published: 2003
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44. Physiologic-pathologic correlation in Guillain-Barre syndrome in children

Author: J. Berciano, T. W. Ho, and J. W. Griffin
Subjects: Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2000
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45. Epidermal nerve fiber density and sural nerve morphometry in peripheral neuropathies

Author: Peter Hauer, David R. Cornblath, David N. Herrmann, Justin C. McArthur, and J. W. Griffin
Subjects: Adult, Action Potentials, Sural nerve, Nerve fiber, Sensory system, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Nerve Fibers, Sural Nerve, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Aged, Leg, integumentary system, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Snap, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Anatomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Peripheral, Peripheral neuropathy, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Skin biopsy, Neurology (clinical), Epidermis, business
Abstract: To study intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in distal leg skin biopsies, sural nerve morphometry, electrophysiology, and clinical features in patients with peripheral neuropathies.We studied 26 patients with neuropathic complaints who had undergone clinical evaluation, nerve conduction studies, distal leg skin biopsy, and sural nerve biopsy. We quantified densities of IENF and of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the sural nerve. Associations among skin and sural nerve morphometric measures and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes were examined nonparametrically. Morphometric measures were examined with respect to diagnostic category of neuropathy.IENF density correlated with the densities of sural nerve total myelinated (r = 0.57, p = 0.0011), small myelinated (r = 0.53, p = 0.0029), and large myelinated fibers (r = 0.49, p = 0.0054). There was a trend toward an association between IENF and sural nerve unmyelinated fiber densities (r = 0.32, p = 0.054). Sural SNAP amplitude and large myelinated fiber densities were highly correlated (r = 0.87, p0.0001). IENF density and sural nerve small fiber measures were concordant in 73% of patients. Reduced IENF density was the only indicator of small fiber depletion in 23% of cases. It was usually normal in acquired demyelinating neuropathies and where clinical suspicion for neuropathy was low.Distal leg Intraepidermal nerve (IENF) density may be more sensitive than sural nerve biopsy in identifying small fiber sensory neuropathies. Assessments of IENF density and large fiber measures on biopsy and electrophysiology are both useful for characterizing sensory and sensorimotor neuropathies.
Published: 1999
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46. BALANCE AND STRENGTH RESPONSES IN ELDERLY PERSONS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHROSIS WHO HAVE AND HAVE NOT FALLEN

Author: J. W. Griffin, R. Burns, and Mary L. O'Toole
Subjects: Knee osteoarthrosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Elderly persons, business.industry, Physical therapy, Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, Balance (ability)
Published: 1999
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47. Quantitative analysis of epidermal innervation in Fabry disease

Author: Raphael Schiffmann, Norman W. Barton, Thomas O. Crawford, L.J. C. Scott, J. W. Griffin, Justin C. McArthur, Carlos A. Luciano, Tapas K. Banerjee, and A. Tournay
Subjects: Adult, Nervous system, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Vascular disease, business.industry, Renal function, Middle Aged, Thigh, medicine.disease, Fabry disease, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sural Nerve, Skin biopsy, medicine, Fabry Disease, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Cutaneous innervation, business, Free nerve ending, Skin
Abstract: Objective: To use skin biopsy specimens to quantitate the cutaneous innervation density of Fabry patients who had preserved renal function. Background: The small fiber neuropathy of Fabry disease is difficult to detect and quantitate by conventional methods. Because this neuropathy is a common characteristic of Fabry disease, quantitating changes in this parameter would be helpful in demonstrating the effectiveness of enzyme or gene replacement therapy. Methods: Patients underwent skin biopsy at the thigh and foot. Innervation density was determined by counting free nerve endings in the epidermis. These data were compared with nerve conduction studies, and in selected patients, fiber quantitation of sural nerve biopsy specimens. Results: The Fabry patients had normal results of nerve conduction studies and large fiber quantitation by sural nerve biopsy. However, the involvement of small cutaneous fibers in these patients was easily demonstrable and quantifiable by skin biopsy. All patients showed severe loss of intraepidermal innervation at the ankle, but fiber loss at the distal thigh was proportionately less severe. Conclusions: The nerve damage in Fabry patients with preserved renal function involves exclusively small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and skin biopsy is a useful in detecting and quantitating such damage. Comparison of cutaneous innervation density with quantitation of sural nerve biopsy specimens demonstrated that skin biopsy specimens were as sensitive in detecting the presence of neuropathy as were the nerve specimens. It is speculated that analysis of cutaneous innervation may provide a useful marker of the nervous system’s response to specific therapy for Fabry disease.
Published: 1999
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48. Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density

Author: J. W. Griffin, David R. Cornblath, Peter Hauer, E A Stocks, and Justin C. McArthur
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Biopsy, Unmyelinated nerve fiber, Cell Count, Nerve fiber, Stereology, Reference range, Thigh, Antibodies, Nerve Fibers, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Linear density, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Middle Aged, Axons, medicine.anatomical_structure, Epidermal Cells, Predictive value of tests, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epidermis, business
Abstract: Background The sensitivity of neuron-specific antibodies permit the identification of the small unmyelinated nerve fibers within the skin. Objectives To develop a reference range of epidermal nerve fiber density in humans, and to evaluate their diagnostic efficiency for sensory neuropathies. Methods Ninety-eight normal controls (age range, 13-82 years) were examined with both directed neurologic examinations and quantitative sensory testing. The diagnostic utility was examined in 20 patients with sensory neuropathies. Each subject had 2 punch biopsies performed at each site in the thigh and distal part of the leg (total of 392 biopsies). After formalin fixation, 50-µm-thick free-floating sections were stained with a polyclonal antibody to neuron-specific ubiquitin hydrolase, anti–protein gene product 9.5. We enumerated intraepidermal nerve fibers per millimeter to derive a "linear density." The linear density technique was validated against a stereological technique that used the fractionator to measure the total length of intraepidermal nerve fibers per 3-mm punch. Results The biopsy technique was well tolerated, with no notable complications. The linear density quantitation was rapid and had high intraobserver and interobserver reliability. We determined that the density of intraepidermal fibers in normal controls was 21.1±10.4 per millimeter (mean±SD) in the thigh (fifth percentile, 5.2 per millimeter), and was 13.8±6.7 per millimeter at the distal part of the leg (fifth percentile, 3.8 per millimeter). Significantly higher intraepidermal fiber densities were seen in the youngest group ( P =.004), and we observed no significant effect of race, sex, height, or weight. The density at the thigh was significantly correlated with that at the distal part of the leg ( P =.01) and was consistently higher by about 60%, a reflection of the normal proximal-distal gradient. The results obtained with stereology and the linear density correlated significantly ( P =.001), providing internal validation for the technique. Epidermal nerve fiber density was significantly reduced ( P =.001) in patients with sensory neuropathies. With a cutoff derived from the fifth percentile of the normative range for the distal part of the leg, the technique had a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 90%, and a diagnostic efficiency of 88%. Conclusions We have established a reference range for intraepidermal nerve fiber density in normal humans by means of a simple quantitation method based on enumeration of individual intraepidermal nerve fibers on vertical sections of punch skin biopsy specimens stained with the sensitive panaxonal marker anti–protein gene product 9.5. The utility of the density measurement was confirmed for sensory neuropathy with a diagnostic efficiency of 88%. Skin biopsies may be useful to assess the spatial distribution of involvement in peripheral nerve disease and the response to neurotrophic and other restorative therapies.
Published: 1998
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49. PEAK VS AVERAGE TORQUE OF KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLE PERFORMANCE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHROSIS

Author: R. Burns, J. L. Taylor, Mary L. O'Toole, and J. W. Griffin
Subjects: Knee osteoarthrosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Knee extensors, business.industry, Torque, Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business
Published: 1998
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50. Anti‐ganglioside antibody‐mediated neuronal cytotoxicity and its protection by intravenous immunoglobulin: implications for immune neuropathies.

Author: G. Zhang, P. H. H. Lopez, C. Y. Li, N. R. Mehta, J. W. Griffin, R. L. Schnaar, and K. A. Sheikh
Published: 2004
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