Search

In hemisphere point temperature (Thp) measurement of continuous casting mold flux, the evaporation of volatiles under high temperature will have a strong impact on the results. Based on the comprehensive analysis of hemisphere point method and its influencing factors, the corresponding volatile-containing mold flux and non-volatile mold flux were selected to get Thp with different heating rates. Combined with the Thp measurement and TG-DSC results, the effect of relevant factors during measuring process were analysed and the way to characterize and evaluate the effects were suggested. Furthermore, an improved method of mold flux melting point test was put forward. The results showed that for non-volatile mold flux, the temperature hysteresis had a greater effect than heat transfer delay and fractional melting. As for the mold flux with volatile, the effect of evaporation was greater than other factors. Traditional hemisphere-point method is no longer suitable for the volatile mold flux. In order to get through this problem, improved methods were proposed. One is measuring Thp traditional way, correcting the composition at the Thp, and corresponding Thp with the corrected composition. Another is taking the initial composition, revising the hemispherical point temperature Thp, and matching the revised Thp with the initial composition.

With the in-depth research on treatment drugs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a variety of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been approved for the treatment of RA. By now methotrexate (MTX) is still the anchor drug for RA treatment. The 2019 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and 2021 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) recommendations for RA management both point out that for newly diagnosed RA patients, MTX monotherapy should be used as the first choice, which shows the importance of MTX monotherapy in DMARDs naïve RA. This paper mainly reviews the relevant researches on MTX in the treatment of RA in recent years, especially the relevant literature on the use of MTX monotherapy in initial treatment of RA. We summarize the development history, efficacy, treatment and adverse reactions of MTX to recognize the importance of MTX in the treatment of RA and the feasibility of MTX monotherapy.随着对类风湿关节炎（RA）治疗药物研究的深入，多种改善病情抗风湿药（DMARDs）被批准用于治疗RA，但甲氨蝶呤（MTX）仍是RA治疗的基础药物。2019年欧洲抗风湿病联盟（EULAR）及2021年美国风湿病学会（ACR）关于RA的治疗推荐意见均指出对于初治RA患者，MTX单药治疗仍应作为首选方案，由此可见MTX单药治疗的重要性。本文主要回顾了近年来关于MTX治疗RA的相关研究，尤其是单药方案用于RA初始治疗的相关文献，对MTX治疗RA的发展历程、疗效、治疗方式、不良反应等进行总结，更全面地认识MTX在RA治疗中的重要性及MTX单药治疗的可行性。.

为全面提升高血压患者规范化筛查及诊断与治疗水平，实现高血压临床实践标准化，提高中国高血压防控水平，国家心血管病中心、中国医师协会、中国医师协会高血压专业委员会、中华医学会心血管病学分会、海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会高血压专业委员会联合发起制定《中国高血压临床实践指南》，中国医学科学院循证评价与指南研究创新单元、兰州大学健康数据科学研究院、中华医学会杂志社指南与标准研究中心、GRADE兰州大学中心提供了方法学支持。.

Chromium carbide (Cr3C2), as a kind of transition metal carbides, has exhibited extraordinary optoelectronic properties and aroused enormous attention. However, few reports have been focused on the nonlinear properties and relevant devices. In this study, we first demonstrated a novel Cr3C2 saturable absorber (SA). Cr3C2 with an average size of 200 nm was prepared through a low temperature salt flux synthetic method. The Cr3C2-film SA exhibited high robustness and strong linear and nonlinear saturable absorption response at 1560 nm. As the Cr3C2 SA was inserted into the Er3+-doped fiber laser cavity, Q-switched pulses were generated with a central wavelength of 1560 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the optical nonlinearity of Cr3C2 as a Q-switcher for the near-infrared fiber laser. Our experimental results verified that the integrated Cr3C2-based device possessed great potential as a nonlinear optical medium for high-performance optical applications.

Exceptional points (EPs), singularities of non-Hermitian physics where complex spectral resonances degenerate, are one of the most exotic features of nonequilibrium open systems with unique properties. For instance, the emission rate of quantum emitters placed near resonators with EPs is enhanced (compared to the free-space emission rate) by a factor that scales quadratically with the resonance quality factor. Here, we verify the theory of spontaneous emission at EPs by measuring photoluminescence from photonic-crystal slabs that are embedded with a high-quantum-yield active material. While our experimental results verify the theoretically predicted enhancement, they also highlight the practical limitations on the enhancement due to material loss. Our designed structures can be used in applications that require enhanced and controlled emission, such as quantum sensing and imaging. Published version This work was partly funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Project POPEYE (Project No. ANR-17-CE24-0020) and the IDEXLYON from Universite de Lyon, Scientific Breakthrough project TORE within the Programme Investissements d Avenir (Project No. ANR-19-IDEX-0005) . It is also supported by the Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes region in the framework of PAI2020 and the Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF) annual research grant program under Project No. VINIF.2021.DA00169. Q. X. gratefully acknowledges the funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12020101003) and a Tsinghua University start-up grant.

OBJECTIVE: To study the proportion of cervical spine instability in treatment-naive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, to investigate the associated neck symptoms, and to analyze the clinical characteristics in treatment-naive RA patients and treated RA patients. METHODS: RA patients who underwent cervical spine X-ray imaging from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from August 2015 to October 2019 and had clinical records of medication administration were included. Clinical and laboratory data including cervical symptoms and X-ray imaging data of cervical spine were collected. The constituent ratio of cervical spine instability in treatment-naive RA patients was statistically analyzed. The clinical data and laboratory data were analyzed by t-test, u-test and chi square to explore the clinical characteristics of the treatment-naive RA patients with cervical instability. RESULTS: Of the 408 RA patients, 105 patients were treatment-naive. Of the 105 treatment-naive patients, 82.9% (87/105) were female, with an average age of (52±14) years, the median duration of the disease was 24 months, the shortest history was 2 weeks, and the longest history was 30 years. 28.6% (30/105) of the treatment-naive RA patients showed cervical spine instability. The prevalence of cervical instability was 13.6% in the treatment-naive RA patients with disease duration less than 24 months. Among them, there were no significant differences in neck symptoms between cervical spine instability group and none cervical spine instability group. The patients with cervical spine instability had a longer duration of disease [60 (18, 180) months vs.16 (8, 51) months], a higher proportion of peripheral joint deformity (63.3%vs.21.3%), and a lower hemoglobin [(106.90±21.61) g/L vs. (115.77±14.69) g/L]. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of cervical instability in the treatment-naive RA patients compared with treated RA patients. Among the RA patients with cervical instability, there was no statistically significant difference in the composition of each type between the patients with treatment-naive RA and patients with treated RA, except for a shorter duration of disease [120.0 (72.0, 240.0) months vs. 60.0 (27.0, 167.5) months]. CONCLUSION: 28.6% of treatment-naive RA patients showed cervical spine instability. Cervical instability was also common in RA patients with a duration less than 24 months. There was no significant correlation between cervical instability and neck symptoms. Patients with cervical spine instability had a long-term disease, a higher proportion of peripheral joint deformity and a lower hemoglobin. Controlling the condition of RA early may help to control the progression of cervical involvement in patients with RA.

Background To determine the diagnostic accuracy of major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) using the novel Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) scoring system in a large-scale multicentre study. Methods SGUS was conducted for 246 pSS patients, 140 control subjects with conditions other than SS and 27 healthy control subjects. The echostructure features from the parotid and submandibular glands on both sides were graded using the novel OMERACT scoring system. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to describe the diagnostic accuracy of the scoring system for pSS. The associations between the SGUS and disease characteristics were analysed to evaluate the clinical value of SGUS for pSS. Results The US scores in the pSS group were significantly higher than those in the non-pSS group (p < 0.001). The level of diagnostic accuracy was comparable with the scores of all four glands (AUC=0.908) when only the parotid and submandibular glands on either side were scored (AUC=0.910, 0.904, respectively). The optimal cut-off value for the left (right) parotid gland and the left (right) submandibular gland was 4, with maximal sensitivity (75.6% and 77.2%, respectively) and specificity (91.6% and 92.2%, respectively). The pSS patients with positive SGUS results presented a longer disease duration, parotid enlargement, dental loss and higher levels of serological markers, such as anti-SSA, anti-SSB, positive RF, IgG and γ-globulin%. Conclusions SGUS with the OMERACT scoring system yields high sensitivity and specificity, demonstrating high diagnostic feasibility for pSS. The SGUS may have implications for deciding disease severity and treatment efficacy.

This study is devoted to establish the relationship between high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and hardness from crystallography and provide reference for improving the hardenability of high stren...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the population distribution of cervical spine instability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to analyze the clinical characteristics in RA patients with cervical spine instability. METHODS: A total of 439 RA patients who had completed cervical spine X-ray examination from Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital and Peking University Third Hospital from August 2015 to March 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data, laboratory data and cervical radiographic data were collected and analyzed by t-test, rank sum test and Chi-square test to clarify the clinical characteristics in the RA patients with cervical spine instability. RESULTS: Of the 439 RA patients, 80.9% (355/439) were female, with an average age of (52.9±13.9) years, a median duration of the disease was 60 months, the shortest history was 2 weeks, and the longest history was up to 46 years. 29.6% (130/439) of the RA patients showed cervical spine instability. Among them, 20 RA patients were complicated with two different types of cervical instability, the atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) accounted for 24.6% (108/439), the vertical subluxation (VS) accounted for 7.3% (32/439) and the subluxial subluxations (SAS) accounted for 2.3% (10/439). The patients with cervical spine instability had a longer duration of disease [120 (36, 240) months vs. 48 (12, 120) months], a higher proportion of peripheral joint deformity (56.9% vs. 29.9%), and a higher visual analog scale (VAS) measuring general health score (4.89±2.49 vs. 3.93±2.38), a lower hemoglobin [(111.31±19.44) g/L vs. (115.56±16.60) g/L] and a higher positive rate of anti-cyclic citrullina-ted peptide (CCP) antibody (90.8% vs. 76.6%). There were no significant differences in gender, age, number of swollen joints, number of tenderness joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor level, 28-joint disease activity score, positive rate of anti keratin antibody, duration of glucocorticoid use and duration of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs use between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In the study, 29.6% of the RA patients showed cervical spine instability. RA patients with cervical spine instability had a long-term disease, a higher proportion of peripheral joint deformity, a higher VAS measuring general health score, a lower hemoglobin and a higher positive rate of anti-CCP antibody.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical and laboratory characteristics of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory data of 428 RA cases from Department of of Rheumatology and Immunology Peking University Third Hospital from Jan 2013 to Dec 2018 were collected and used to analyse characters between ANA positive group and ANA negative group. T test was used for the quantitative data in accordance with normal distribution. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the quantitative data of non normal distribution. The qualitative data were analyzed by chi square test. But while 1≤theoretical frequency < 5, chi square test of corrected four grid table was used. And Fisher exact probability method was used when theoretical frequency < 1. RESULTS: The number of ANA positive group was 231 (54%). The female rate was obviously higher in ANA positive group (82.7% vs. 63.5%, χ(2)=20.355, P < 0.01). The rate of metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs) involvement was lower in ANA positive group (22.1%) than in ANA negative group (33.0) (χ(2)=6.414, P < 0.05). The incidence of secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) was much higher in ANA positive group(19.5% vs. 4.1%, χ(2)=23.300, P < 0.01). The positivity of rheumatoid factor (RF), as well as the positivity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide(CCP) antibody was much higher in ANA positive group (77.1% vs. 53.8%, χ(2)=25.743, P < 0.01, 74.9% vs. 59.4%, χ(2)=11.694, P < 0.01, respectively). The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of ANA positive group were higher [(15.1±5.1) g/L vs. (13.8±5.3) g/L, t=2.359, P < 0.05, 1.25 (0.92) g/L vs. 1.05 (0.65) g/L, Z=-3.449, P < 0.01, respectively]. But the levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (PLT) was lower in ANA positive group[(109.64±17.98) vs. (114.47±18.48) g/L, t=-2.734, P < 0.01; (266.4×10(9)±104.6×10(9)) vs. (295.9×10(9)±100.1×10(9)) /L, t=-2.970, P < 0.01, respectively]. CONCLUSION: The incidence of sSS was obviously higher in ANA positive group than in ANA negative group. Serum IgG of ANA positive group was higher, but Hb and PLT were lower.

在溃疡性结肠炎的诊治过程中，由于肠黏膜屏障功能损伤、疾病本身可导致患者营养状况下降，以及激素、免疫抑制剂或生物制剂的广泛应用，机会性感染风险明显升高。本文报道了1例溃疡性结肠炎合并李斯特菌感染及脑膜脑炎的诊治经过。.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a subtype of breast cancer lacking of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human EGF-like receptor 2 (HER2). MiR-193 always acted as an oncogene and promoted toxic aldehyde accumulation and tyrosine hydroxylase dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to explore the function of miR-193 in triple-negative breast cancer.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the mRNA level of miR-193 expression in 50 cases of TNBC tissues and para-cancerous specimens. Also, the relation between miR-193 level and the overall survival of TNBC patient was analyzed. MiR-193 mimic and miR-193 inhibitor oligos, as well as the corresponding negative control, were synthesized from RiboBio (Guangzhou, China).MiR-193 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines than the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal cell lines. Upregulation of miR-193 predicted poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Overexpression of miR-193 promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while that was suppressed by the knockdown of miR-193. MiR-193 binds to the 3'-UTR of an inhibitor of growth family member 5 (ING5) mRNA to mediate the expression of ING5 in TNBC cells. The knockdown of miR-193 inhibited cell invasion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the knockdown of miR-193 suppressed cell proliferation through the ING5/phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signal pathway.MiR-193 enhanced cell invasion-mediated EMT and improved cell proliferation through the ING5/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. The newly identified miR-193/ING5/PI3K/AKT axis provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To described the clinical and laboratory features and outcome of 67 macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). METHODS: A total of 67 MAS patients from three centers from January 2007 to December 2017 were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory features, and response to therapy were analyzed. Predictive factors for remission and survival were explored. RESULTS: We identified a mean age of(36.1±16.3) years at diagnosis of MAS and a median connective tissue disease (CTD) duration of 8 months prior to MAS development. Among 67 MAS patients identified, underlying diseases included adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) in 56.7% and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 30.0%. Fever and splenomegaly were found in 100.0% and 82.1% of the patients, respectively. Ferritinemia and elevation of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor was seen in 100.0% and 93.2% of the patients. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, D-dimer, ferritin and C reactive protein were significantly higher in MAS associated with the AOSD patients than in MAS associated with the SLE patients. A significant decrease of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found in MAS associated with AOSD, as compared with MAS associated with SLE. The most commonly used therapy was corticosteroids, which were initially administered in 100.0% of the patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered in 91.0%, cyclosporine A in 64.2%, and etoposide in 46.3% of the patients, respectively. The induction therapy yielded a complete remission (CR) at the end of week 8 in 47.8% of the MAS patients. The overall mortality rate at the end of week 16 was 22.4%. The median serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were significantly lower in the patients who achieved complete remission at the end of week 8 than in those who did not, and splenomegaly was significantly less frequent (71.9% vs.91.4%, P=0.037). Both the mean age at diagnosis of MAS and the mean age at diagnosis of underlying CTD of the deceased patients were elder than those of the survived population (P=0.014 and P=0.017, respectively). The platelet count was significantly less in the deceased population as compared with the living population (P=0.018). No addition of cyclosporine A (P=0.004) was identified as risk factors associated with death in Logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: MAS secondary to connective tissue disease is most common with AOSD and SLE. In terms of laboratory findings, there were considerable differences between the patients with underlying SLE and those with AOSD. Advanced age and low platelet counts are significant predictive factors for death, while treatment with cyclosporine may reduce the risk.

Objective To explore the application value of interleukin-33 （IL-33） in wound age estimation in forensic practice by observing the sequential changes of IL-33 after skin wound. Methods Skin wound models were generated on the back of mice with a round file of 5 mm in diameter. Skin samples of the same size were taken from the same parts of mice in control group and injury group 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d and 10 d after skin wound. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining method was applied to observe the morphological changes in the recovering process after skin wound. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry staining and double immunofluorescence staining methods were applied to detect the expression changes of IL-33 in the skin wound samples. Results The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of IL-33 protein decreased slightly at 3 h after skin wound, increased gradually at 6 h after skin wound, and reached the peak value at 3 d, then decreased gradually. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that faint positive expression of IL-33 was observed in epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and dermal resident cells of the control group skin. The positive cell rate of IL-33 increased at 3 h after skin wound and reached the peak value at 3 d, then decreased gradually. The results of double immunofluorescence staining showed that the majority of IL-33 positive cells from 1 d to 3 d after wound were macrophages, while the majority of IL-33 positive cells from 5 d to 7 d after wound were myofibroblasts. In addition, the results of HE staining showed that the wound healing process of the skin wound model was consistent with the pathological development law of inflammation. Conclusion IL-33 could become a reference index for wound age estimation of skin wound in forensic practice.IL-33在小鼠皮肤创伤后损伤时间推断中的作用.目的 通过观察白细胞介素-33（interleukin-33，IL-33）在皮肤创伤后的时序性变化规律，探讨IL-33在法医学实践中用于损伤时间推断的应用价值。 方法 利用直径为5 mm的圆形锉刀在小鼠背部建造皮肤损伤模型，于伤后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、10 d取损伤处组织，对照组在与创伤组小鼠相同部位取同等大小的皮肤样本。采用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin，HE）染色法观察皮肤创伤后愈合过程中的形态学变化，通过Western印迹法、免疫组织化学染色和双重免疫荧光染色法检测皮肤创伤样本IL-33的表达变化。 结果 Western印迹法结果显示，伤后3 h，IL-33蛋白表达稍有下降，6 h后IL-33蛋白表达逐渐增加，于伤后3 d达峰值，随后逐渐减少。免疫组织化学染色结果显示，在对照组皮肤的表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺及真皮中固有细胞有少量IL-33阳性表达，伤后3 h，IL-33阳性细胞率开始增加，伤后3 d达到峰值，随后逐渐减少。双重免疫荧光染色结果显示，伤后1~3 d，IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为巨噬细胞，伤后5~7 d，IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为肌成纤维细胞。HE染色结果显示该皮肤损伤模型创口愈合过程符合炎症的病理学发展规律。 结论 IL-33有望成为法医学推断皮肤损伤时间的参考指标。.法医病理学；白细胞介素-33；伤口愈合；皮肤；损伤时间推断；小鼠.

Objective To discuss the application value of CT scanning technology in cause of death determination of medical dispute cases. Methods From July 2017 to December 2018, postmortem CT imaging data of 12 medical dispute cases were collected. CT imaging diagnosis results and anatomy findings as well as differences between antemortem and postmortem CT diagnosis were compared. The advantages and disadvantages of CT routine tests of the cadavers in terms of the diagnosis of disease and damage were analyzed. Results The comparison between CT imaging diagnosis and anatomical findings showed that CT scans had advantages in the diagnosis of disease and damage with large differences in density changes, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, calcification, fracture and hemorrhage, etc. The comparison of CT diagnosis in antemortem and postmortem examination showed that the cadavers of medical dispute cases were well preserved and that postmortem CT scan was meaningful for the diagnosis of antemortem diseases. Conclusion Virtual anatomy technology has a relatively high application value in postmortem examination of medical dispute cases. It can provide effective information for the appraisers before the autopsy and can also provide a reference for cause of death analysis when the anatomy cannot be performed.虚拟解剖技术在医疗纠纷尸体检验中的应用.目的 探讨CT扫描技术在医疗纠纷死亡原因鉴定中的应用价值。 方法 在2017年7月至2018年12月间，对12例医疗纠纷案例行全身CT检验，比较CT影像诊断与解剖所见及生前与死后CT诊断的差异性，分析尸体的CT常规检验在病变与损伤的诊断方面的优势与劣势。 结果 CT影像诊断与解剖所见比较显示，在密度改变差异大的病变和损伤的诊断方面CT检验存在优势，如肺不张、肺炎、钙化、骨折、出血等；生前与死后CT诊断的比较显示医疗纠纷案件的尸体保存都较为良好，死后CT扫描检验对生前疾病诊断具有意义。 结论 虚拟解剖技术在医疗纠纷尸体检验中有较高的应用价值，可在尸体解剖前为鉴定人提供有效信息，也可在无法进行解剖的情况下为死亡原因分析提供参考依据。.法医病理学；虚拟解剖；体层摄影术，螺旋计算机；尸体解剖；死亡原因；医疗纠纷.

The aim of this study was to explore the role of microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of Wilm's tumor (WT), and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism.The expression levels of miR-155-5p in 37 pairs of WT clinical samples, as well as WT cell line (G401), were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the effects of miR-155-5p on cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis. Target gene prediction software was applied to screen the potential downstream target gene of miR-155-5p. QRT-PCR, Western blot (WB) and luciferase reporter gene assay proved that cAMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) was the target gene of miR-155-5p. Besides, rescue experiment was conducted to further explore the effect of CREB1 on WT cells.The expression levels of miR-155-5p in WT tissues and cells were both significantly down-regulated. Importantly, miR-155-5p was found to be involved in the malignant behavior of WT cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry assay demonstrated that miR-155-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation, caused stagnation of cells in G0/G1 phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. CREB1 was verified as a functional target gene of miR-155-5p, which was negatively regulated by miR-155-5p. Rescue experiments indicated that restoring the expression of CREB1 could interfere with the effects of miR-155-5p on WT cells.MiR-155-5p could regulate the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of WT cells. These effects were achieved by regulating the expression of CREB1. Furthermore, our study might provide a new theoretical basis for the basic research of WT.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion is one of the common complications in women of childbearing age during pregnancy. The immune factor accounts for a large proportion of many causes. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is the most common type of acquired thrombophilia disease. Autoimmune diseases that cause thrombosis and obstetric complications under the action of antibodies are also the most common type of immune-related recurrent abortion. At present, there is no unified opinion on the treatment of this disease, especially the treatment of immunoglobulins and other drugs like glucocorticoid. Here we reviewed the progress of diagnosis and treatment of antiphospholipid antibody-related recurrent abortions and retrospectively analyzed and summarized the drug regimens and pregnancy outcomes of this disease with pregnancy patients in our hospital. A total of 75 patients were included. According to their clinical manifestations and laboratory results, these patients were basically divided into two categories: classical antiphospholipid syndrome and non-classical antiphospholipid syndrome. The latter was further divided into serum-negative antiphospholipid syndrome and antiphospholipid antibody-related recurrent abortion patients based on their clinical manifestations and antiphospholipid antibody results. The patients were divided into four categories: aspirin + hydroxychloroquine, aspirin + low molecular weight heparin, aspirin + low molecular weight heparin + hydroxychloroquine, aspirin + hydroxychloroquine + low molecular weight heparin + low dose glucocorticoids. Among them, aspirin + hydroxychloroquine + low molecular weight heparin + low dose glucocorticoid treatment regimen was most commonly used. Most of the patients who received the above different treatment regimens achieved full-term infants, and a small number of patients had adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature delivery, placental abruption, eclampsia, and fetal malformation. And adverse pregnancy outcomes also occurred in this group. It might be related to the severity of the disease and the potential adverse effects of maternal fetal. However, further statistical analysis is needed for the risk factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of this part of patients.

We investigated the evolution process of equilibrium lattice parameter (ELP), magnetic properties and electronic structure from nonmagnetic semiconductive CoFeTiAl to ferrimagnetic CoFeFeAl in theory and experiment. The theoretical results show that CoFe 1+x Ti 1−x Al compounds have a diluted magnetism with a 100% spin-polarized ratio at the Fermi level when X is less than 30%. When X is in the range of 30%–60%, CoFe 1+x Ti 1−x Al compounds have also a high spin-polarized ratio. The ELP and magnetization have a gradual and linear change with the increasing Fe level in the ranges of X = 0–50% and 70%–100%. An unexpected sharp jump in ELP and magnetization occurs near the composition point of X = 65%, which was attributed to band Jahn-Teller effect. In experiment, CoFe 1+x Ti 1−x Al (X = 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) compounds with Heusler structure were successfully synthesized. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical results when X is less than 30% or higher than 70%. The sharp jump in ELP and magnetization are experimentally observed near the composition point of 65%. The deviation of the experimental magnetization from theoretical results in the range of 50%–70% is attributed to the theoretical underestimation to ELP. We predict that by the same mechanism of the band Jahn-Teller effect, the sharp change in the magnetization and lattice parameter should also be possible to occur with the changing temperature for a certain composition of CoFe 1+X Ti 1−X Al compounds. A new type of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys based on a martensitic transformation with an invariant crystallographic symmetry is proposed.

Aiming at the trajectory planning and compliance of the one-legged hop of a quadruped robot, a method for designing the optimal trajectory of the bouncing by minimizing the jerk index is proposed, and active compliance control is used to reduce the impact of the end of the foot and improve the compliance of the one-legged. First, design a one-legged bounce strategy. The bounce is divided into three phases: take-off phase, vacant phase, and buffer phase, and trajectory optimization is performed for each phase. Secondly, a compliance control method is designed. During the bouncing process, the impact of the foot end is large, which will affect the stability of the robot and even destroy the mechanical structure of the leg. The joint level adopts force-position mixed control, and the one-legged level adopts impedance control to eliminate the impact of ground impact on one-legged. Finally, a one-legged model of a quadruped robot was established in the Vortex multi-body dynamics system. Simulation experiments have proved the feasibility of trajectory optimization and compliance control.

During the launch tests of a Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), the front metal seal covers on unlaunched tubes had plastic deformation and felled to the ground. More seriously, the rocket exhausted jet directly caused damage to some of the unlaunched rockets projectiles. As the rocket exhausted jet impinged on the cover, high temperature and high pressure jet caused plastic deformation of the covers. So the temperature and pressure of exhausted jet acting on the surface of the cover were measured. Then pressure data were used to estimate the strain of front cover on adjacent launch tube caused only by pressure. And temperature data were used for thermal stress analysis of the cover. Furthermore, the triaxial strain curves of the cover were obtained during a flight test in which a 252-mm diameter rocket projectile was launched from the MLRS. The results demonstrated that plastic deformation of the covers is mainly due to the thermal deformation caused by the high temperature, which provided guidance for optimal design of front seal covers. No plastic deformation was found in the modified covers during subsequent launch tests of the MLRS.

To investigate the expression changes of annexin A1 （ANXA1） during the process of skin incision healing, and to explore its expression and function during skin injury repair.The skin injury model of mice was prepared, and skin tissues of the controls and the injured group at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injuries were taken. The morphological changes of the wound were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, and the expression of ANXA1 was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blotting.HE staining showed normal healing of skin wounds. IHC results revealed that ANXA1 was expressed in the epidermis, hair follicle, sebaceous gland and vascular endothelium. In the injured group, the expression of ANXA1 was enhanced in epidermis and skin appendages around the wound 6-12 h after injury, and ANXA1 was also highly expressed in neutrophils and a small number of mononuclear cells. ANXA1 was mainly positively expressed in monocytes, neovascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and small amount of fibroblasts at 1-3 d, 5-10 d, and 14 d after injury, respectively. Western blotting showed that, compared with the controls, the expression of ANXA1 was significantly increased at 6 h after injury, peaked at 1 d, and then decreased gradually in the injured group.ANXA1 may be involved in the regulation of skin damage repair, with time-dependent expression during skin wound healing, and thus is expected to be a biological marker for inferring the wound formation time.通过检测皮肤切创愈合过程中膜联蛋白A1（annexin A1，ANXA1）的表达变化，探讨其在皮肤损伤修复过程中的表达变化规律及作用。.制作小鼠皮肤损伤模型，分别取对照组和损伤后6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、10 d、14 d的损伤处皮肤组织，应用苏木素-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin，HE）染色观察创口形态学变化，应用免疫组织化学技术及蛋白质印迹法检测ANXA1的表达。.HE染色显示皮肤创口正常愈合。免疫组织化学结果显示：对照组ANXA1表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮；实验组伤后6~12 h在创口周边区表皮及皮肤附件中ANXA1表达增强，在中性粒细胞和少量单核细胞中呈高表达；伤后1~3 d ANXA1阳性表达以单核细胞为主；伤后5~10 d，ANXA1阳性表达以新生血管内皮及成纤维细胞为主；伤后14 d仍有少量成纤维细胞表达ANXA1。蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示，伤后6 h与对照组相比，ANXA1表达明显升高，在1 d时达到峰值，之后逐渐下降。.ANXA1可能参与了皮肤损伤修复的调控，在愈合过程中呈一定的时序性变化，有望成为推断创口形成时间的生物学指标。.法医病理学；创伤和损伤；皮肤；膜联蛋白A1；损伤时间推断；小鼠.

Objective To study the time-dependent expression and distribution of acetylcholinesterase （AChE） during skin incised wound healing in mice, and discuss its effect in wound healing as well as the feasibility of using it as a reference index for wound age estimation. Methods A total of 45 C57BL/KsJ mice were randomly divided into one control group and eight incised groups. The skin incised wound model was established in the incised groups with samples of skin wounds taken at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d post-injury respectively, while the uninjured skin tissue was extracted in the control group. Expression and distribution of AChE in skin samples were detected by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemistry results indicated that AChE was mainly detected in infiltrating polymorphonuclear cells （PMNs） 6 to 12 h post-injury. A large number of AChE-positive mononuclear cells （MNCs） were observed 1 to 3 d post-injury. The AChE-positive cells were mainly fibroblastic cells （FBCs） 5 to 14 d post-injury. The ratio of the AChE-positive cells increased initially 6 h post-injury, and reached the peak at 1 d post-injury. Double immunofluorescent staining showed that the majority of AChE-positive MNCs and FBCs expressed macrophage marker and myofibroblast marker, respectively. Western blotting results showed that the relative expression level of AChE in the incised group was higher than that in the control group averagely, reached the peak at 1 d post-injury, then reached a second peak at 7 d post-injury. Conclusion The expression of AChE is found in PMNs, macrophages and myofibroblast during skin wound healing, which indicates it might be involved in the adjustment of inflammatory response and fibrotic repair after injury. Moreover, combined use of various methods for the detection of the expression of AChE would provide reference for skin wound age estimation.AChE在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中的时序性表达及分布.目的 检测乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE）在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中的时序性表达及分布特征，探讨其在创口愈合中的作用及其作为创口形成时间推断参考指标的可行性。 方法 45只C57BL/KsJ小鼠被随机分为1个对照组和8个切创组。切创组建立皮肤切创模型，分别于伤后6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、10 d、14 d提取皮肤创口样本；对照组提取未切创的皮肤组织。应用免疫组织化学染色、双重免疫荧光染色及Western印迹法检测皮肤样本中AChE的表达与分布。 结果 免疫组织化学染色结果显示，伤后6~12 h，AChE主要表达于浸润的多形核白细胞；伤后1~3 d，大量浸润的单个核细胞呈现AChE阳性染色；伤后5~14 d，AChE阳性细胞以成纤维样细胞为主。AChE的阳性细胞率于伤后6 h开始增多，伤后1 d达到峰值。双重免疫荧光染色结果显示，AChE阳性的单个核细胞和成纤维样细胞主要为巨噬细胞和肌成纤维细胞。Western印迹法检测结果显示，各切创组AChE表达的相对表达水平均高于对照组，于伤后1 d达到峰值，此后下降，于伤后7 d达到第2个峰值。 结论 皮肤创口愈合期间AChE时序性表达于多形核白细胞、巨噬细胞和肌成纤维细胞，提示其可能参与创口愈合的炎症反应和纤维性修复的调节。联合使用多种方法检测AChE的表达，可以为创口形成时间的推断提供参考依据。.法医病理学；乙酰胆碱酯酶；伤口愈合；免疫组织化学染色；免疫荧光技术；印迹法，蛋白质；损伤时间推断；小鼠.

Figurative cave paintings from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi date to at least 35,000 years ago (ka) and hand-stencil art from the same region has a minimum date of 40 ka

Tenderness is one of the most appreciated characteristics of meat quality. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of different energy diets on collagen deposition and meat tenderness. Twelve one-half Dorper × one-half small thin-tailed sheep crossed ram lambs (20 ± 0.5 kg of BW) were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups in a completely randomized design. Animals were offered identical diets at 100 or 65% of ad libitum intake. Lambs were euthanized when BW in the ad libitum group reached 35 kg, and the semitendinosus (ST) muscle were sampled. The results showed that Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was significantly increased when lambs were fed an energy-restricted diet ( 0.05). Expression of α () was greater in the feed restriction group ( 0.05). In addition, 1, 2, 9, and 13 (, , , and ) did not change with the feed restriction, whereas both 1 and 2 ( and ) were increased. Feed restriction did not alter TGF-β and SMAD protein contents, but phosphor-p38 protein content was elevated. In summary, feed restriction enhanced collagen accumulation in ST muscle, which may negatively affect the lamb tenderness, and was associated with the upregulated p38 signaling pathway.

Cardiac cachexia is a form of serious illness that results with terminal stage of heart failure. It is associated with unreasonable weight loss and muscle loss with poor prognosis. Cardiac stem cells play a major role in repairing, damaged cardiac tissue and they are regulated by different mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the role of MLL3 in regulating cardiac stem cells following cardiac cachexia.To effectively study the cardiac cachexia, we established a Dahl rat model that produces symptoms similar to cachexia. Using histology, we analyzed the acute and chronic stage of cardiac cachexia. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of MLL3 and Oct-4.The rat develops an acute form of cachexia after 2 months of fed with high-salt (8% NaCl) diet, which is characterized by inflammation and tissue damage that are observed through the histological sectioning. The chronic cardiac cachexia developed after 5 months of high-salt diet and histologically it shows tissue loss. At the molecular level the stem cell marker, Oct-4, shows elevated expression at acute stage, but down regulated latter in the chronic stage of cardiac cachexia. Also, MLL3 shows a similar pattern of upregulated expression in acute stage of cachexia, but significantly down regulated in the chronic stage of cachexia that implies their role in regulating the cardiac stem cell and their proliferation.Our results show that the cardiac stem cells in association with MLL3 support in maintaining homeostatic after initial pathological stages of cachexia but not in the chronic stage of cachexia.

Hypoxia is a prominent microenvironment feature in a range of disorders including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infection and obesity. Hypoxia promotes biological functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Dysregulated protein citrullination in RA drives the production of antibodies to citrullinated proteins, a highly specific biomarker of RA. However, the mechanisms promoting citrullination in RA are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether pathophysiological hypoxia as found in the rheumatoid synovium modulates the citrullination in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS). Here, we found that peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and citrullinated proteins were increased in HFLS after exposure to hypoxia. Moreover, knocking down HIF1α by HIF1α siRNA ameliorated the expression of PAD2 and citrullinated proteins. Collectively, this study provides a new mechanism involved in generating citrullinated proteins: hypoxia promotes citrullination and PAD production in HFLS. Concurrently, we also proposed a novel hypoxia involved mechanism in RA pathogenesis. This study deepens our understanding of the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of RA and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for RA.

It has been found that serum CXCL16 concentration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are significantly higher than those in osteoarthritis (OA) and normal subjects, and are positively correlated with disease activity and bone erosion. However, how is CXCL16 involved in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear. To evaluate the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to explore the role of CXCL16 in the proliferation of RA-FLS.FLS were isolated from knee synovial tissues obtained from 8 patients of RA, 7 osteoarthritis (OA) and 3 normal controls. The diagnosis of RA was in line with the 1987 American Rheumatology Association (ACR) RA classification criteria, osteoarthritis met the 1996 ACR revised knee osteoarthritis classification criteria. Control synovium were obtained from trauma caused knee joint injury in healthy individuals who required surgery. Human knee FLS were cultured by tissue explants adherent method.FLS between passages 3 and 5 were used in the experiment. Expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 were performed in Western blot analysis. FLS proliferation following stimulation with TNF-α and different concentrations of CXCL16 was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Expression of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in RA-FLS stimulated by CXCL16 was quantified by Western blot. Different concentrations of recombinant human CXCL16 were added to the culture medium of RA-FLS. After 48 h culture, supernantants were collected, and TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL and MMP3 in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) operated following the kit instructions.Expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of OA and controls (P0.05), but no significant difference was found between OA-FLS and control FLS. Proliferation of RA-FLS was markedly up-regulated after stimulation of CXCL16 (P0.05). In the case of the CXCL16 stimulated OA-FLS and control FLS, the FLS proliferation remained basically unchanged. Expression of phosphorylated AKT in RA-FLS increased remarkably in condition of CXCL16 (50,100, 200 μg/L) stimulation. The levels of IL-6 and RANKL in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were obviously increased under CXCL16 (200 μ g/L) stimulation, while TNF-α and MMP-3 levels in the culture supernatants remained unchanged after CXCL16 (200 μg/L) stimulation.This study shows that the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor was highly elevated in RA-FLS. Recombinant CXCL16 promoted RA-FLS proliferation and activation in vitro. All these indicate that CXCL16 play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, anti-CXCL16 treatment may help to relieve inflammation and bone damage of RA patients. However, due to the limitations of this study, the role of CXCL16 and its receptors in RA-FLS remains to be elucidated by further research.

Background and aims To investigate the mortality and the causes of death in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We collected the clinical data of all 950 SLE patients in Rheumatology department of Peking University First Hospital from May 2007 to January 2016.The primary causes of death were identified, the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and years of life lost (YLL) were calculated based on the National Bureau of Statistics of China for the general population, and the survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The mean age of all 950 patients (849 females and 101 males) was 37.9±14.8 years old, the median disease duration at recruitment was 2.7 (0.5–7.0) years, and the median follow-up duration was 4.7 (2.2–8.4) years. Among 881 patients who were successfully traced, 45 patients died. Infection (31.1%) was the leading cause of death followed by lupus nephritis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cerebrovascular disease (Table 1). The overall age and sex adjusted SMR was 3.3 (95%CI 2.3–4.3), and the age adjusted SMR of women and men were 5.1 (3.6–6.7) and 1.3 (0.0–2.6) respectively. The YLL for women and men were 18.1 and 15.0 years respectively (Table 2). The overall survival at 1, 5 and 10 years were 98.2%, 95.3% and 93.7% respectively. The survival of patients with PAH, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anaemia were significantly worse than those without these complications (Figures 1, 2 and 3). Conclusions Mortality of SLE patients in China is substantial, especially in female, and infection is the leading death cause. Patients with PAH, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anaemia had worse prognosis.

The therapeutic potential of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has attracted more and more attention, because of it can suppress the various inflammatory effects of T cells. Galectin-1 is highly expressed in UC-MSCs, as the first lectin mediating the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs. Our study will investigate the effects of galectin-1 in regulation of UC-MSCs on rheumatoid arthritis T cells.Lentivirus transfected shRNA technique was used to knock down the expression of galectin-1 in UC-MSCs to construct UC-MSCs(Gal-1In vitro, UC-MSCs were capable of inhibiting PHA induced proliferation of CD4UC-MSCs can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of CD4

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovium inflammation, cartilage destruction, bone erosion and the presence of autoantibodies. Hypoxia is a prominent micro-environmental feature in a range of disorders including RA. A combination of increased oxygen consumptionby inflamed resident cells and infiltrating immune cells along with a disrupted blood supply due to vascular dysfunction contribute to tissue hypoxia in RA. Hypoxia in turn regulates a number of key signaling pathways that help adaptation. The primary signaling pathway activated by hypoxia is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. It has been shown that HIFs are highly expressed in the synovium of RA. HIFs mediate the pathogenesis of RA through inducing inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cartilage destruction, and inhibiting the apoptosis of synovial cells and inflammatory cells. HIF expressed in RA can be regulated in both oxygen-dependent and independent fashions, like inflammatory cytokines, leading to the aggravation of this disease. Considering the vital role of HIF in the pathogenesis of RA, we reviewed the new advances about hypoxia and RA. In this review, we firstly discussed the hypoxia-inducible factor and its regulation, and then, the pathologic role of hypoxia in RA, mainly elucidating the role of hypoxia in synovitis and cartilage destruction and immune cells. Finally, we provided evidence about the potential therapeutic target for treating RA.

To detect the anti-citrullinated glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) 70-88 peptide antibody (anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody), anti-citrullinated GPI 435-453 peptide antibody (anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody), anti-GPI 70-88 peptide antibody (anti-GPI(70-88) antibody) and anti-GPI 435-453 peptide antibody(anti-GPI(435-453) antibody) in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and examine the diagnostic values of the anti-C-GPI peptide antibodies in RA.The anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody, anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody, anti-GPI(70-88) antibody and anti-GPI(435-453) antibody were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 191 RA patients, 129 other rheumatic diseases and 74 healthy controls. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients with RA were collected, and the values of anti-C-GPI peptide antibodies in the diagnosis of RA and the relationships of anti-C-GPI peptide antibodies with the clinical and laboratory parameters analyzed.(1) The mean titers of the anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody and the anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody in the RA patients (respectively, 68.71 ± 4.20 and 51.78 ± 3.13) were significantly higher than those with other rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals (P0.05). However, the mean titers of the anti-GPI(70-88) antibody and anti-GPI(435-453) antibody in the RA patients were similar to those with other rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals. (2) The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody for RA were 41.88% and 84.50% respectively; and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody for RA were 46.05% and 86.05% respectively. The sensitivity of combined detection of the two anti-C-GPI peptide antibodies was 50.79%, and the specificity was 81.40%. (3) The positive rates of the anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody and the anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody were 35% and 45% respectively in those patients with negative anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, anti-keratin antibody, and rheumatoid factor. (4) There was no significant difference in clinical and laboratory indicators between the anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody or anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody positive group and negative group.The anti-C-GPI(70-88) antibody and anti-C-GPI(435-453) antibody can be detected in the serum of RA patients, and C-GPI may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. There is a certain diagnostic significance for the sera-negative RA.

Due to its special climate and geological reasons, Tianjin Binhai area has formed a large area of saline-alkali land. It is of great significance to explore the distribution of salt ions in crops under drip irrigation conditions. In this paper, maize was used as the research object, and different irrigation amount treatment was set up to study the distribution of Na+ and K+ in corn under drip irrigation conditions, and the transport selectivity of corn to Na+ and K+ was analyzed. The results show that the Na+ absorbed by corn is mainly distributed in roots and K+ is mainly distributed in stems and leaves; the transport selectivity coefficient decreases with the increase of irrigation amount, and the increase of Na+/K+ value is the improvement of salt tolerance of corn when irrigation amount is small. Corn can inhibit the transport of Na+ to the ground by enhancing the transport of K+ and reduce the damage to corn.

Effects of heat treatment on microstrucutures of a Re-containing single crystal superalloy have been investigated. The results showed that (γ+γ′) eutectic in as-cast alloy is practically dissolved with solution heat treatment, and the degree of segregation is distinctly decreased. The size, morphology and distribution of γ′ phase are mightily affected by the first-stage ageing treatment temperature. When the first-stage ageing treatment temperature lower than 1160°C, the shape of the γ′ phase is cubic. But the γ′ phase shape is transformed to sphericity when the temperature higher than 1180°C. The γ phase channel width is significantly increased, and the fine γ′ phase precipitated in the γ phase matrix channel.

Nanocomposites of Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL)-coated nano-TiO2 (C–TiO2) are prepared by melt-blending technique. The influence of high loading C–TiO2 on the microstructure, mechanical, thermal and dynamic rheological properties of pure PBS and its nanocomposites are studied. Scanning Electron Microscope results demonstrate that the surface modification and content of TiO2 are main factors to affect the microstructure of composites. Mechanical tests show that adding C–TiO2 into PBS matrix is an effective way to improve the impact strength of the PBS. Impact property and tensile property are sensitive to different microstructure, the former is distance between particles and the latter is the aggregation of particles. Dynamic rheological tests show that the incorporation of C–TiO2 particles into PBS can improve the elastic properties of PBS nanocomposites and restrict the mobility of PBS chains. Differential scanning calorimeter indicates the addition of C–TiO2 can increase the crystallization rate but do not influence the main PBS crystals. Depending on the state of composites, the C–TiO2 restricts or improves the mobility of PBS molecules.

As a new hypnotic, zopiclone is widely used in clinical treatment. There are many methods for determination of zopiclone, including spectrophotometry, chromatography and chromatography mass spectrum, etc. Present paper reviews different kinds of biological samples associated with zopiclone, extraction and purification methods, and determination and analysis methods, which aims to provide references for the relevant research and practice.

To explore whether the ABL(Δexon7) and ABL(35INS) spliceosome contributed to TKIs resistance.Screening ABL(Δexon7) and ABL(35INS) in 74 normal people and 76 CML patients (53 patients in remission and 23 patients with TKIs resistance) by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with cloning sequencing.A novel spliceosome ABL(Δexon7+ 35INS) (ABL(Δexon7) and ABL(3)5INS existed at the same time) was identified and the mutation was detected in 8 (10.8%) of 74 normal people, 4 (7.5%) of 53 remission patients and 2 (8.7%) of 23 resistant patients. While 47 (63.5%) cases expressed ABL(Δexon7) and 8 (10.8% ) cases expressed ABL(35INS) in 74 healthy people, 30 (56.6%) cases expressed ABL(Δexon7) and 5 (9.4% ) cases expressed ABL(35INS) in 53 remission patients, 12 (52.2%) cases expressed ABL(Δexon7) and 3(13.0%) cases expressed ABL(35INS) in 23 resistant patients. Three kinds of spliceosome in all groups had no statistical difference.ABL(Δexon7+ 35INS), ABL(Δexon7) and ABL(35INS) may be not uncommon in ABL gene and were unrelated to resistance in CML with TKIs treatment. ABL(35INS) were often accompanying with exon 7 deletion.

Objectives: To determine whether prolonged intensive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment (PRINT) leads to high remission and low relapse rates in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\ud \ud Methods: In this multicenter, randomized and parallel treatment trial, 346 patients with active RA (disease activity score (28 joints) [DAS28] (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) > 5.1) were enrolled from 9 centers. In phase 1, patients received intensive treatment with methotrexate, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine, up to 36 weeks, until remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6) or a low disease activity (2.6 < DAS28 ≤ 3.2) was achieved. In phase 2, patients achieving remission or low disease activity were followed up with randomization to 1 of 2 step-down protocols: leflunomide plus hydroxychloroquine combination or leflunomide monotherapy. The primary endpoints were good European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response (DAS28 (ESR) < 3.2 and a decrease of DAS28 by at least 1.2) during the intensive treatment and the disease state retention rate during step-down maintenance treatment. Predictors of a good EULAR response in the intensive treatment period and disease flare in the maintenance period were sought.\ud \ud Results: A good EULAR response was achieved in 18.7%, 36.9%, and 54.1% of patients at 12, 24, and 36 weeks, respectively. By 36 weeks, 75.4% of patients achieved good and moderate EULAR responses. Compared with those achieving low disease activity and a high health assessment questionnaire (HAQ > 0.5), patients achieving remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6) and low HAQ (≤ 0.5) had a significantly higher retention rate when tapering the DMARDs treatment (P = 0.046 and P = 0.01, respectively). There was no advantage on tapering to combination rather than monotherapy.\ud \ud Conclusions: Remission was achieved in a proportion of patients with RA receiving prolonged intensive DMARD therapy. Low disease activity at the start of disease taper leads to less subsequent flares. Leflunomide is a good maintenance treatment as single treatment.