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1. Bariatric Surgical Simulation: Evaluation in a Pilot Study of SimLife, a New Dynamic Simulated Body Model

Author

J P Faure, Cyril Breque, Gianluca Donatini, Jérôme Danion, J P Richer, and Denis Oriot

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Validation study, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Original Contributions, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Gastric bypass, Gastric Bypass, Pilot Projects, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical simulation, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Learning curve, Bariatric surgery, SimLife, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Digestive surgery, Obesity, Morbid, Laparoscopy, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Clinical Competence, business, Cadaveric spasm
Abstract

Background The demand for bariatric surgery is high and so is the need for training future bariatric surgeons. Bariatric surgery, as a technically demanding surgery, imposes a learning curve that may initially induce higher morbidity. In order to limit the clinical impact of this learning curve, a simulation preclinical training can be offered. The aim of the work was to assess the realism of a new cadaveric model for simulated bariatric surgery (sleeve and Roux in Y gastric bypass). Aim A face validation study of SimLife, a new dynamic cadaveric model of simulated body for acquiring operative skills by simulation. The objectives of this study are first of all to measure the realism of this model, the satisfaction of learners, and finally the ability of this model to facilitate a learning process. Methods SimLife technology is based on a fresh body (frozen/thawed) given to science associated to a patented technical module, which can provide pulsatile vascularization with simulated blood heated to 37 °C and ventilation. Results Twenty-four residents and chief residents from 3 French University Digestive Surgery Departments were enrolled in this study. Based on their evaluation, the overall satisfaction of the cadaveric model was rated as 8.52, realism as 8.91, anatomic correspondence as 8.64, and the model’s ability to be learning tool as 8.78. Conclusion The use of the SimLife model allows proposing a very realistic surgical simulation model to realistically train and objectively evaluate the performance of young surgeons.

Published
2020
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2. [Flap harvest training on a new ultrarealistic simulation model: In-training operator feedback about a pulsating reperfused and reventilated cadaver Simlife®]

Author

A, Julienne, G, Donatini, J P, Richer, C, Brèque, S, Mordon, J P, Faure, J, Danion, N, Bertheuil, and F M, Leclère

Subjects
Cadaver, Humans, Computer Simulation, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Surgical Flaps, Feedback
Abstract

The anatomical subject is still a key element to learn complex procedures in plastic surgery. We present here the evaluation of an in-training operator on a SIMLIFE® model, hyper realistic model consisting in human bodies donated to science equipped with pulsating recirculation and reventilation device.From February 2019 to October 2019, 8 forearm flaps with radial proximal pedicle were harvested by the learner on a SIMLIFE® model. Conditions were as close as possible to the operating room : asepsy, sterile draping, assistant and instrumentation including electrocoagulation.The procedure was decomposed in 13 distinct steps. Mean total surgery time was 90,5±11,62minutes. There was only one case of arterial pedicle lesion resulting in major blood leak. Bleeding was measured by fake blood loss from the SIMLIFE® console. Mean intraoperatoy bleeding was 171±108 milliliters. We review pros and cons of this new technology particulary suited for complex plastic and reconstructive surgery training.Using SIMLIFE® technology we have a new mean to train for complex procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery. This new technology could be applied to numerous other surgical procedures. Broader applications are still limited by cost and cadaver use legislation.

Published
2020

3. [Male to female sex reassignment surgery with a new surgical simulation device using a human perfused cadaver SIMLIFE®: New paradigm in transsexual surgery education ?]

Author

F M, Leclère, C, Brèque, J P, Faure, N, Bertheuil, A, Julienne, R, Weigert, G, Donatini, and J P, Richer

Subjects
Male, Operative Time, Vagina, Blood Loss, Surgical, Cadaver, Sex Reassignment Surgery, Humans, Female, Simulation Training, Transsexualism
Abstract

In 2015, we reported our experience with the learning curve in genital reassignment surgery and highlighted a four-step learning concept.In this article, we present our first vaginoplasty performed on a humanoid model SIMLIFE®, a human body associated with a pulsating circulation device and a ventilation device.The surgical technique included 14 steps. The total surgical time was 182minutes. There was no intraoperative complication, and there was no damage to the urethra or rectum. The intraoperative bleeding measured by the loss of operative fluid was 280mL. We discuss the advantages of this technology perfectly adapted to transsexual surgery.We demonstrated the feasibility of vaginoplasty performed on a humanoid model SIMLIFE® and highlighted improvement of the surgical skills with this model. This technology could find many other surgical applications. However, it faces cost constraints and legislation on corpses.

Published
2019

4. First Measurement of a 127 keV Neutron Field with a <formula formulatype='inline'><tex Notation='TeX'>$\mu$</tex></formula>-TPC Spectrometer

Author

M. Petit, Q. Riffard, O. Bourrion, F. Mayet, G. Bosson, J. P. Richer, D. Maire, J F Muraz, J. Médard, L. Lebreton, D. Santos, J. Billard, J. Lamblin, and O. Guillaudin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Detector, 7. Clean energy, Neutron temperature, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Primary standard, Calibration, Neutron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In order to measure the energy of neutron fields, with energy ranging from 8 keV to 1 MeV, a new primary standard is being developed at the IRSN (Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety). This project, -TPC (Micro Time Projection Chamber), carried out in collaboration with the LPSC (Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie), is based on the nuclear recoil detector principle. The instrument is presented with the associated method to measure the neutron energy. This article emphasizes the proton energy calibration procedure and energy measurements of a neutron field produced at 127 keV with the IRSN facility AMANDE.

Published
2014
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5. MIMAC : A micro-tpc matrix for directional detection of dark matter

Author

J. Billard, F. Mayet, J.L. Bouly, A. Delbart, O. Guillaudin, Ch. Fourel, F.J. Iguaz, J. P. Richer, O. Bourrion, Daniel Santos, Efrain J. Ferrer, L. Lebreton, G. Bosson, J.P. Mols, I. Giomataris, C. Golabek, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MIMAC

Subjects
Physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, 3D reconstruction, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Recoil energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, Matrix (mathematics), Low energy, WIMP, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Directional detection of non-baryonic Dark Matter is a promising search strategy for discriminating WIMP events from background ones. This strategy requires both a measurement of the recoil energy down to a few keV and 3D reconstruction of tracks down to a few mm. The MIMAC project, based on a micro-TPC matrix, filled with CF4 and CHF3 is being developed. The first results of a chamber prototype of this matrix, on low energy nuclear recoils (1 H and 19 F) obtained with mono-energetic neutron fields are presented. The discovery potential of this search strategy is illustrated by a realistic case accessible to MIMAC.

Published
2012
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6. Dedicated front-end and readout electronics developments for real time 3D directional detection of dark matter with MIMAC

Author

J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, D. Santos, O. Bourrion, J. Billard, F. Mayet, C. Grignon, and O. Guillaudin

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, General Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Front and back ends, Software, Application-specific integrated circuit, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer hardware, Communication channel, Data transmission
Abstract

A complete dedicated electronics, from front-end to back-end, was developed to instrument a MIMAC prototype. A front end ASIC able to monitor 64 strips of pixels and to provide their individual "Time Over Threshold" information has been designed. An associated acquisition electronics and a real time track reconstruction software have been developed to monitor a 512 channel prototype. This auto-triggered electronic uses embedded processing to reduce the data transfer to its useful part only, i.e. decoded coordinates of hit tracks and corresponding energy measurements. The electronic designs, acquisition software and the results obtained are presented., Proceedings of the 3rd International conference on Directional Detection of Dark Matter (CYGNUS 2011), Aussois, France, 8-10 June 2011

Published
2012
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7. Readout technologies for directional WIMP Dark Matter detection

Author

J. A. Kadyk, T. N. Thorpe, A. Buonaura, H. Nishimura, Giuliana Galati, M. T. Hedges, Gabriela Druitt, Kentaro Miuchi, Ken'ichi Kuge, Hiroyuki Sekiya, M. Garcia-Sciveres, T. Hashimoto, L. Consiglio, H. Mirallas, Toru Tanimori, M. Tanaka, P. Monacelli, S. E. Vahsen, Javier Galan, Tetsuya Mizumoto, J. P. Lopez, T. Asada, G. De Lellis, A. Takada, I. G. Irastorza, O. Guillaudin, M. Ali Guler, M. Yoshimoto, A. B. Aleksandrov, Jerome Bouvier, T. Dafni, Maria Cristina Montesi, N. J. C. Spooner, F. Mayet, Philip Lewis, F.J. Iguaz, J. Lamblin, N. Di Marco, V. Gentile, T. Papevangelou, Ryosuke Taishaku, Adele Lauria, Natalia Guerrero, H. Tomita, Q. Riffard, J. P. Richer, Valeri Tioukov, S. Komura, Cosmin Deaconu, Y. Giomataris, Joseph D. Parker, Tatsuya Sawano, Daniel P. Snowden-Ifft, I. Jaegle, S. Cebrián, D. Loomba, Jocelyn Monroe, G. Bosson, Gianfranca De Rosa, A. Umemoto, E. Zayas, Taishi Katsuragawa, H. Kubo, Ihn Sik Seong, Nicola D'Ambrosio, Tatsuhiro Naka, P. Colas, J. Billard, F. Pupilli, E. R. Lee, Y. Mizumura, Koji Nakamura, O. Bourrion, Y. Yamaguchi, James Battat, D. Santos, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. A. Garcia, Richard Eggleston, J. L. Harton, G. Luzón, M. Leyton, J. G. Garza, Atsuhiko Ochi, A. Di Crescenzo, K. Burdge, T. Descombes, A. Sugiyama, Takahiro Fusayasu, N. S. Phan, E. Baracchini, T. Ikeda, A. Takeda, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIMAC, Battat, J. B. R., Irastorza, I. G., Aleksandrov, A., Asada, T., Baracchini, E., Billard, J., Bosson, G., Bourrion, O., Bouvier, J., Buonaura, Annarita, Burdge, K., Cebrián, S., Colas, P., Consiglio, L., Dafni, T., D’Ambrosio, N., Deaconu, C., DE LELLIS, Giovanni, Descombes, T., DI CRESCENZO, Antonia, Di Marco, N., Druitt, G., Eggleston, R., Ferrer Ribas, E., Fusayasu, T., Galán, J., Galati, Giuliana, García, J. A., Garza, J. G., Gentile, V., Garcia Sciveres, M., Giomataris, Y., Guerrero, N., Guillaudin, O., Guler, A. M., Harton, J., Hashimoto, T., Hedges, M. T., Iguaz, F. J., Ikeda, T., Jaegle, I., Kadyk, J. A., Katsuragawa, T., Komura, S., Kubo, H., Kuge, K., Lamblin, J., Lauria, Adele, Lee, E. R., Lewis, P., Leyton, M., Loomba, D., Lopez, J. P., Luzón, G., Mayet, F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Mizumoto, T., Mizumura, Y., Monacelli, P., Monroe, J., Montesi, MARIA CRISTINA, Naka, T., Nakamura, K., Nishimura, H., Ochi, A., Papevangelou, T., Parker, J. D., Phan, N. S., Pupilli, F., Richer, J. P., Riffard, Q., Rosa, G., Santos, D., Sawano, T., Sekiya, H., Seong, I. S., Snowden Ifft, D. P., Spooner, N. J. C., Sugiyama, A., Taishaku, R., Takada, A., Takeda, A., Tanaka, M., Tanimori, T., Thorpe, T. N., Tioukov, V., Tomita, H., Umemoto, A., Vahsen, S. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Zayas, E., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Optics, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, High spatial resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Signature (logic), 3. Good health, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The measurement of the direction of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils is a compelling but technologically challenging strategy to provide an unambiguous signature of the detection of Galactic dark matter. Most directional detectors aim to reconstruct the dark-matter-induced nuclear recoil tracks, either in gas or solid targets. The main challenge with directional detection is the need for high spatial resolution over large volumes, which puts strong requirements on the readout technologies. In this paper we review the various detector readout technologies used by directional detectors. In particular, we summarize the challenges, advantages and drawbacks of each approach, and discuss future prospects for these technologies., Comment: 58 pages, 26 figures, accepted by Physics Reports

Published
2016
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8. Development of a µ-TPC detector as a standard instrument for low-energy neutron field characterisation

Author

D. Maire, D. Santos, O. Guillaudin, J F Muraz, F. Mayet, G. Bosson, J. P. Richer, J. Billard, L. Lebreton, Q. Riffard, O. Bourrion, J. Médard, J. Lamblin, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radiation Dosage, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Radiation Protection, Neutron detection, Scattering, Radiation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Radiometry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Ions, Neutrons, Range (particle radiation), Radiation, Time projection chamber, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, X-Rays, Detector, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Equipment Design, Neutron temperature, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Calibration, France, Gases, Electronics, Protons, Monte Carlo Method, Algorithms
Abstract

In order to measure the energy and fluence of neutron fields, in the energy range of 8 to 1 MeV, a new primary standard is being developed at the Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). This project, Micro Time Projection Chamber (µ-TPC), carried out in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Physqique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), is based on the nucleus recoil detector principle. The measurement strategy requires track reconstruction of recoiling nuclei down to a few kiloelectronvolts, which can be achieved using a micro-pattern gaseous detector. A gas mixture, mainly isobutane, is used as an n-p converter to detect neutrons within the detection volume. Then electrons, coming from the ionisation of the gas by the proton recoil, are collected by the pixelised anode (2D projection). A self-triggered electronics system is able to perform the anode readout at a 50-MHz frequency in order to give the third dimension of the track. Then, the scattering angle is deduced from this track using algorithms. The charge collection leads to the proton energy, taking into account the ionisation quenching factor. This article emphasises the neutron energy measurements of a monoenergetic neutron field produced at 127 keV. The fluence measurement is not shown in this article. The measurements are compared with Monte Carlo simulations using realistic neutron fields and simulations of the detector response. The discrepancy between experiments and simulations is 5 keV mainly due to the calibration uncertainties of 10 %.

Published
2014
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10. Measurement of the electron drift velocity for directional dark matter detectors

Author

L. Lebreton, D. Maire, J. Lamblin, Daniel Santos, J. Billard, F. Mayet, Q. Riffard, F.J. Iguaz, O. Bourrion, J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, O. Guillaudin, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and MIMAC

Subjects
Physics, History, Time projection chamber, Drift velocity, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Track (disk drive), Dark matter, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Scale (descriptive set theory), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Computational physics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 0103 physical sciences, Carbon–fluorine bond, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Three-dimensional track reconstruction is a key issue for directional Dark Matter detection. It requires a precise knowledge of the electron drift velocity. Magboltz simulations are known to give a good evaluation of this parameter. However, large TPC operated underground on long time scale may be characterized by an effective electron drift velocity that may differ from the value evaluated by simulation. In situ measurement of this key parameter is hence a way to avoid bias in the 3D track reconstruction. We present a dedicated method for the measurement of the electron drift velocity with the MIMAC detector. It is tested on two gas mixtures : $\rm CF_4$ and $\rm CF_4+CHF_3$. We also show that adding $\rm CHF_3$ allows us to lower the electron drift velocity while keeping almost the same Fluorine content of the gas mixture., Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Directional Detection of Dark Matter (CYGNUS 2013), 10-12 June 2013, Toyama, Japan

Published
2014
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11. MIMAC: MIcro-tpc MAtrix of Chambers for dark matter directional detection

Author

D. Fouchez, F. Mayet, J. P. Richer, D. Maire, Ch. Fourel, G. Bosson, O. Bourrion, J. L. Bouly, O. Guillaudin, Jose Busto, J.F. Muraz, L. Lebreton, Jürgen Brunner, J. Lamblin, Q. Riffard, D. Santos, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIMAC, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (IRSN/PRP-HOM/SDE/LMDN)

Subjects
History, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Education, Optics, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computer Science Applications, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Measuring instrument, Direct coupling, business, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Directional detection of non-baryonic Dark Matter is a promising search strategy for discriminating WIMP events from neutrons, the ultimate background for dark matter direct detection. This strategy requires both a precise measurement of the energy down to a few keV and 3D reconstruction of tracks down to a few mm. The MIMAC (MIcro-tpc MAtrix of Chambers) collaboration has developed in the last years an original prototype detector based on the direct coupling of large pixelized micromegas with a special developed fast self-triggered electronics showing the feasibility of a new generation of directional detectors. The first bi-chamber prototype has been installed at Modane, underground laboratory in June 2012. The first undergournd background events, the gain stability and calibration are shown. The first spectrum of nuclear recoils showing 3D tracks coming from the radon progeny is presented., Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Directional Dark Matter Detection CYGNUS2013, held in Toyoma (Japan), June 2013

Published
2013
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12. μ-TPC: A future standard instrument for low energy neutron field characterization

Author

M. Petit, O. Bourrion, F. Mayet, L. Lebreton, O. Guillaudin, J. Billard, G. Bosson, D. Maire, J. Medard, J. P. Richer, Daniel Santos, Q. Riffard, J. F. Muraz, and J. Lamblin

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Neutron temperature, Particle detector, Neutron spectroscopy, Nuclear physics, Primary standard, Measuring instrument, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In order to measure energy of neutron fields, with energy ranging from 8 keV to 1 MeV, a new primary standard is being developed at the IRSN (Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety). This project, μ-TPC (Micro Time Projection Chamber), carried out in collaboration with the LPSC (Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie), is based on the nucleus recoil detector principle. The instrument will be presented with the associated method to measure the neutron energy. This article will emphasize the proton energy calibration procedure and energy measurements of a neutron field produced at 127 keV on the IRSN facility AMANDE. Finally the COMIMAC device, dedicated to the calibration, will be described. This original device, developed at the LPSC, is able to produce proton and electron beams with an accurate energy ranging from 1 keV to 50 keV.

Published
2013
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13. [Neurotization of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve with the pronator quadratus branch of anterior interosseous nerve by end-to-side transfer. An anatomic study]

Author

P, Collotte, M, Freslon, C, Brèque, J P, Richer, and L E, Gayet

Subjects
Anastomosis, Surgical, Cadaver, Humans, Peripheral Nerves, Nerve Transfer, Ulnar Nerve, Median Nerve, Nerve Regeneration
Abstract

Proximal or middle lesions of median or ulnar nerves are responsible for a great loss of hand motor function. Neurotization of either deep ulnar branch of ulnar nerve (DBUN) or recurrent (thenar) branch of median nerve (RBMN) with the nerve to quadratus pronator (NPQ) from the anterior interosseous nerve (AION) could reduce length of axonal growth and therefore the reinnervation lead-time of hand intrinsic muscles. We studied the anatomy of these three nerves, to help surgeon choosing his (her) technique and approach. Twenty-three cadaver forearms were dissected. End-to-side sutures were performed to mimic these neurotizations. Distances between nerve sutures and ulnar styloid process (USP) or trapeziometacarpal joint (TM) were measured. All the sutures but one RBMN could be done. On average sutures were distant from USP by 44±17mm (neurotization of DBUN), from TM by 62±15mm (neurotization of RBMN). Knowledge of average distance to perform these neurotizations should allow choosing the best reduced approach of RBMN and DBUN. Neurotizations of DBNU and RBMN with NPQ were feasible for lesions located at 6.1cm upstream USP and 7.7cm upstream TM, respectively. End-to-side sutures remain to be clinically evaluated.

Published
2013

14. Réalisation de la coloscopie chez les individus à risque élevé de cancer colorectal en raison d’antécédents familiaux : étude randomisée multicentrique d’une intervention personnalisée versus utilisation d’une plaquette-support standard. Étude COLOR2

Author

D. Tougeron, Isabelle Ingrand, G. Defossez, Michel Beauchant, J.-P. Richer, and Pierre Ingrand

Subjects
Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Objectif Le depistage par coloscopie est recommande chez les apparentes au premier degre de patients atteints de cancer colorectal (CCR) ou d’adenome avance avant 60 ans. Actuellement le taux de realisation de la coloscopie est insuffisant. Le but de cet essai randomise etait de comparer l’efficacite d’une intervention personnalisee, par une infirmiere de prevention, visant a promouvoir la realisation du depistage par coloscopie des fratries de ces patients. Methodes Les patients index ont ete recrutes par les gastroenterologues et les chirurgiens digestifs. L’intervention visait a favoriser la transmission de l’information par le patient index. L’intervention personnalisee telephonique puis par courrier aupres de la fratrie s’appuyait sur un profil individuel de freins et leviers au depistage. Elle etait accompagnee de l’envoi d’un courrier d’information pour leur medecin traitant. La realisation d’une coloscopie par la fratrie etait evaluee un an apres le diagnostic du patient index. L’analyse en intention de traiter, incluant les refus de participer, a ete ajustee sur la correlation intrafamiliale. Resultats Au total, 304 freres et soeurs (soit 125 index) ont ete inclus : 160 dans le groupe intervention et 144 dans le groupe temoin. Le taux de realisation de la coloscopie par les fratries etait de 56,3 % dans le groupe intervention et 35,4 % dans le groupe temoin (p = 0,0027). Plus de lesions ont ete detectees dans le groupe intervention (un cancer invasif et 11 adenomes avances versus 5 adenomes avances, p = 0,019). Conclusion Cette etude a montre l’efficacite d’une intervention personnalisee par une infirmiere qui vise a promouvoir la participation au depistage par coloscopie des fratries des patients atteints de CCR ou d’adenome avance avant 60 ans. Une telle intervention qui impliquait non seulement les fratries mais egalement les cas index et les medecins devrait contribuer a reduire la mortalite liee au CCR.

Published
2016
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15. Micromegas detector developments for MIMAC

Author

J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, J.P. Mols, David Calvet, J. Billard, F.J. Iguaz, F. Mayet, J. Pancin, T. Papaevangelou, O. Guillaudin, D. Santos, David Attié, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. L. Bouly, L. Lebreton, F. Druillole, Y. Giomataris, C. Grignon, Paul Colas, Ch. Fourel, C. Golabek, O. Bourrion, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), MIMAC, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Track (disk drive), Detector, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MicroMegas detector, Alpha particle, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Large size
Abstract

The aim of the MIMAC project is to detect non-baryonic Dark Matter with a directional TPC. The recent Micromegas efforts towards building a large size detector will be described, in particular the characterization measurements of a prototype detector of 10 $\times$ 10 cm$^2$ with a 2 dimensional readout plane. Track reconstruction with alpha particles will be shown., 8 pages, 7 figures Proceedings of the 3rd International conference on Directional Detection of Dark Matter (CYGNUS 2011), Aussois, France, 8-10 June 2011; corrections on author affiliations

Published
2011
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16. Characterization of monoenergetic low energy neutron fields with the µTPC detector

Author

C. Golabek, J. Billard, C. Grignon, G. Bosson, O. Bourrion, O. Guillaudin, L. Lebreton, F. Mayet, M. Petit, J.-P. Richer, D. Santos, Marianne E. Hamm, Robert W. Hamm, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Bonner sphere, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Neutron scattering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Neutron temperature, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Nuclear physics, Neutron generator, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron cross section, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron source, Neutron detection, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The AMANDE facility produces monoenergetic neutron fields from 2 keV to 20 MeV for metrological purposes. To be considered as a reference facility, fluence and energy distributions of neutron fields have to be determined by primary measurement standards. For this purpose, a micro Time Projection Chamber is being developed to be dedicated to measure neutron fields with energy ranging from 2 keV up to 1 MeV. We present simulations showing that such a detector, which allows the measurement of the ionization energy and the 3D reconstruction of the recoil nucleus, provides the determination of neutron energy and fluence of such low energy neutron fields.

Published
2011
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17. Production and measurement of neutron reference fields: the amande facility and MIMAC prototype as neutron detection system

Author

D. Santos, C. Grignon, F. Mayet, L. Lebreton, O. Guillaudin, J.-P. Richer, J. Billard, C. Golabek, O. Bourrion, G. Bosson, S. Valdenaire, M. Petit, Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MIMAC

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MicroMegas detector, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Neutron temperature, Metrology, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The AMANDE facility produces mono-energetic neutron fields from 2 keV to 20 MeV with a metrological quality (Gressier et al. ). To be considered as a standard facility, fluence and energy distributions of neutron fields have to be mastered, i.e. measured by primary detector standards. For this purpose, a new gaseous Time Projection Chamber ( μ TPC ) is being developed within the MIMAC project devoted to directional Dark Matter search (Billard et al. ). The μ TPC is dedicated to measure neutron fields from 2 keV up to 1 MeV. The measurement strategy requires track reconstruction of recoiling nuclei down to a few keV, which can be achieved with low pressure gaseous detectors. Hence the energy must be measured precisely and the track of the recoiling nucleus must be 3D reconstructed. This is achieved with a low pressure micropattern gaseous detector (a pixelized bulk micromegas) equipped with a self triggered electronics able to perform the anode sampling at a 50 MHz frequency. Methods to measure fluence and neutron energy with the TPC have been described.

Published
2011
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18. MIMAC : A micro-tpc matrix for directional detection of dark matter

Author

J.L. Bouly, J. Billard, A. Delbart, F. Mayet, I. Giomataris, Daniel Santos, J. P. Richer, C. Grignon, C. Golabek, J.P. Mols, G. Bosson, Efrain J. Ferrer, L. Lebreton, Ch. Fourel, O. Bourrion, O. Guillaudin, F.J. Iguaz, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), MIMAC, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (IRSN/PRP-HOM/SDE/LMDN)

Subjects
Physics, History, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 3D reconstruction, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Matrix (mathematics), Low energy, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Directional detection of non-baryonic Dark Matter is a promising search strategy for discriminating WIMP events from background. However, this strategy requires both a precise measurement of the energy down to a few keV and 3D reconstruction of tracks down to a few mm. To achieve this goal, the MIMAC project has been developed. It is based on a gaseous micro-TPC matrix, filled with CF4 and CHF3. The first results on low energy nuclear recoils (H, F) obtained with a low mono-energetic neutron field are presented. The discovery potential of this search strategy is discussed and illustrated by a realistic case accessible to MIMAC., 6 pages, Proc. of the fifth international symposium on large TPCs for low energy rare event detection, Paris, France, Dec. 2010. To appear in Journal of Physics

Published
2011
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19. Micromegas detector developments for Dark Matter directional detection with MIMAC

Author

Ioannis Giomataris, Paul Colas, C. Golabek, David Attié, D. Santos, J. Billard, F. Druillole, F. Mayet, J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. L. Bouly, Ch. Fourel, J.P. Mols, O. Bourrion, C. Grignon, O. Guillaudin, F.J. Iguaz, L. Lebreton, David Calvet, J. Pancin, T. Papaevangelou, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), MIMAC, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (IRSN/PRP-HOM/SDE/LMDN)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Argon, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Track (disk drive), Detector, MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Alpha particle, 3. Good health, chemistry, business
Abstract

The aim of the MIMAC project is to detect non-baryonic Dark Matter with a directional TPC using a high precision Micromegas readout plane. We will describe in detail the recent developments done with bulk Micromegas detectors as well as the characterisation measurements performed in an Argon(95%)-Isobutane(5%) mixture. Track measurements with alpha particles will be shown., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures

Published
2011
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20. Data acquisition electronics and reconstruction software for directional detection of Dark Matter with MIMAC

Author

O. Guillaudin, Daniel Santos, J. P. Richer, F. Mayet, G. Bosson, C. Grignon, J.L. Bouly, O. Bourrion, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 3D reconstruction, Real-time computing, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Software, Data acquisition, Feature (computer vision), 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Directional detection of galactic Dark Matter requires 3D reconstruction of low energy nuclear recoils tracks. A dedicated acquisition electronics with auto triggering feature and a real time track reconstruction software have been developed within the framework of the MIMAC project of detector. This auto-triggered acquisition electronic uses embedded processing to reduce data transfer to its useful part only, i.e. decoded coordinates of hit tracks and corresponding energy measurements. An acquisition software with on-line monitoring and 3D track reconstruction is also presented., 17 pages, 12 figures

Published
2010
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21. A monolithic analog multiplexer for the ALEPH electromagnetic calorimeter adapted to operation of LEP at high luminosity

Author

J.J. Veillet, J. Ardelean, R.L. Chase, and J. P. Richer

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Particle accelerator, Integrated circuit, Capacitance, Multiplexer, law.invention, Calorimeter, Capacitor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, law, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The hybrid analog multiplexer, currently in use on the ALEPH electromagnetic calorimeter experiment at LEP, is a variation of a previously described system which was designed for 4-bunch operation of LEP, corresponding to a beam crossing period of 22.5 mu s, and is not compatible with the proposed 36-bunch operation. The system described will operate with a beam crossing period only slightly longer than the trigger delay time and at counting rates greater than 10/sup 4//s per channel without sacrificing the ease of calibration of the previous system. Calibration depends on capacitance ratios and not on their absolute values. Since there are five capacitors per channel, as opposed to two in the previous system, it was considered essential to resort to MOS technology to assure accurate capacitance ratios. Monolithic technology also permits optimization of switch sizes to minimize injected charge. The integrated circuit and its performance are discussed. >

Published
1992
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22. Development of a front end ASIC for Dark Matter directional detection with MIMAC

Author

F. Mayet, J. P. Richer, D. Santos, G. Bosson, O. Guillaudin, C. Grignon, O. Bourrion, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MIMAC

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Time projection chamber, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], law.invention, Front and back ends, Data acquisition, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

A front end ASIC (BiCMOS-SiGe 0.35 \mum) has been developed within the framework of the MIMAC detector project, which aims at directional detection of non-baryonic Dark Matter. This search strategy requires 3D reconstruction of low energy (a few keV) tracks with a gaseous \muTPC. The development of this front end ASIC is a key point of the project, allowing the 3D track reconstruction. Each ASIC monitors 16 strips of pixels with charge preamplifiers and their time over threshold is provided in real time by current discriminators via two serializing LVDS links working at 320 MHz. The charge is summed over the 16 strips and provided via a shaper. These specifications have been chosen in order to build an auto triggered electronics. An acquisition board and the related software were developed in order to validate this methodology on a prototype chamber. The prototype detector presents an anode where 2 x 96 strips of pixels are monitored., 12 pages, 10 figures

Published
2009
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23. Directional detection of galactic Dark Matter

Author

A. Allaoua, P. Colas, F. Mayet, I. Giomataris, L. Lebreton, Daniel Santos, C. Grignon, J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, J. Billard, G. Bernard, Efrain J. Ferrer, O. Guillaudin, C. Koumeir, O. Bourrion, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), T. Damour, R.T. Jantzen, R. Ruffini, MIMAC, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (IRSN/PRP-HOM/SDE/LMDN), and Vernay, Emmanuelle

Subjects
Solar System, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Theory of relativity, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.ASTR.CO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Galactic Center, Galaxy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Dark matter halo, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Ionization chamber, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Energy (signal processing), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Directional detection is a promising Dark Matter search strategy. Taking advantage on the rotation of the Solar system around the galactic center through the Dark Matter halo, it allows to show a direction dependence of WIMP events that may be a powerful tool to identify genuine WIMP events as such. Directional detection strategy requires the simultaneous measurement of the energy and the 3D track of low energy recoils, which is a common challenge for all current projects of directional detectors., Comment: Proceedings of UCLA Dark Matter 2012, 10th Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe, Marina del Rey Marriott, CA, USA, February 22-24, 2012

Published
2009
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24. [The anatomical substrate of muscle contractility]

Author

P, Rigoard, S, Bauche, K, Buffenoir, J-P, Giot, J-P, Faure, M, Scepi, J-P, Richer, F, Lapierre, and M, Wager

Subjects
Myofibrils, Muscle Relaxation, Action Potentials, Animals, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

Muscle fiber action participates in a true contractile machinery associated with noncontractile components providing mechanical stability. The myofibril, the muscle fiber subentity, has an extremely consistent architecture, composed of longitudinal cylindrical units called sarcomeres, the skeletal muscle length functional unit, a highly important place in the transduction of chemical signal into mechanical contractile energy, for the most part mediated by calcium. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the other major component of muscle fiber and is dedicated to calcium storage, liberation and distribution to the fiber, under the influence of action potential propagation. This phenomenon is called excitation-contraction coupling. This paper explores muscle anatomy from its main embryologic stages of development to its histochemical specificity, including its molecular constitution, and details the main morphofunctional relations supporting muscle contraction.

Published
2008

25. [Imaging in the diagnosis and the staging of gallbladder tumors]

Author

R, Vialle, S, Velasco, S, Milin, V, Bricot, J-P, Richer, P-M, Levillain, and J-P, Tasu

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Gallbladder Neoplasms, Neoplasm Staging
Abstract

Most of gallbladder tumors are benign. Adenoma, cholesterol polyps, or adenomyomatosis are most frequently typical on ultrasonographic images. All symptomatic lesions must be considered as indications for surgery. It may be difficult to identify precancerous or malignant lesion. Polyps over 1cm are indication for preventive cholecystectomy. In case of suspicious polyp or suspicious wall thickening, endoscopic ultrasonography can be helpful to evaluate local tumoral spread and eliminate differential diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is often late, when surgical resection can't be curative. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations are then useful for local and metastatic staging.

Published
2007

26. Performance of the ALEPH detector at LEP

Author

D Buskulic, D Casper, I De Bonis, D Decamp, P Ghez, C Goy, J.-P Lees, M.-N Minard, P Odier, B Pietrzyk, F Ariztizabal, M Chmeissani, J.M Crespo, I Efthymiopoulos, E Fernandez, M Fernandez-Bosman, V Gaitan, Ll Garrido, M Martinez, T Mattison, S Orteu, A Pacheco, C Padilla, F Palla, A Pascual, J.A Perlas, F Sanchez, F Teubert, F Chiumarulo, A Clemente, D Creanza, M de Palma, A Farilla, R Ferorelli, G Iaselli, G Maggi, N Marinelli, A Mastrogiacomo, S Natali, V Negro, S Nuzzo, M Papagni, C Pinto, A Ranieri, G Raso, F Romano, F Ruggieri, G Selvaggi, L Silvestris, P Tempesta, G Zito, Y Chai, D Huang, X Huang, J Lin, T Wang, Y Xie, D Xu, R Xu, J Zhang, L Zhang, W Zhao, H Albrecht, A Ball, R Benetta, F Bird, E Blucher, G Bonvicini, J Boudreau, T Charity, P Comas, P Coyle, H Drevermann, A Engelhardt, M Ferro-Luzzi, L Foà, R.W Forty, M Frank, G Ganis, C Gay, M Girone, C Grab, R Grabit, J Griffith, R Grub, R Hagelberg, J Harvey, B Ivesdal, R Jacobsen, P Jarron, B Jost, M Kasemann, G Kellner, J Knobloch, A Lacourt, P Lazeyras, I Lehraus, B Lofstedt, T Lohse, D Lütze, M Maggi, A Marchioro, C Markou, E.B Martin, P Mato, J.-M Maugain, J May, H Meinhard, V Mertens, A Minten, A Miotto, R Miquel, P Palazzi, J.R Pater, P Perrodo, R Pintus, L Pregernig, M Price, J.-F Pusztaszeri, F Ranjard, J Richstein, W Richter, L Rolandi, H Rotscheidt, W von Ruden, M Saich, J.-C Santiard, P Schilly, D Schlatter, M Schmelling, G Stefanini, H Taureg, W Tejessy, I.R Tomalin, R Veenhof, A Venturi, H Verweij, H Wachsmuth, H Wahl, S Wheeler, W Wiedenmann, T Wildish, W Witzeling, J Wotschack, Z Ajaltouni, M Bardadin-Otwinowska, A Barres, C Boyer, M Brossard, R Chadelas, F Daudon, A Falvard, P Gay, C Guicheney, P Henrard, J Jousset, B Michel, J-C Montret, D Pallin, P Perret, F Podlyski, J Proriol, F Saadi, H Bertelsen, T Fearnley, F Hansen, J.B Hansen, J.D Hansen, J.R Hansen, P.H Hansen, S.D Johnson, A Lindahl, B Madsen, R Møllerud, B.S Nilsson, G Petersen, A Kyriakis, E Simopoulou, I Siotis, A Vayaki, K Zachariadou, M Bercher, U Berthon, A Blondel, G Bonneaud, J.C Brient, P Bourdon, A Busata, M Cerutti, J Doublet, G Fouque, C Lemoine, P Matricon, M Maubras, R Morano, J.-Y Parey, L Passalacqua, P Poilleux, A Rougé, C Roy, M Rumpf, R Tanaka, A Valassi, M Verderi, H Videau, C Violet, D.J Candlin, A.J Main, M.I Parsons, E Veitch, E Focardi, G Parrini, E Scarlini, M Corden, M Delfino, C Georgiopoulos, D.E Jaffe, D Levinthal, M Anelli, A Antonelli, A Balla, G Bencivenni, G Bologna, R Bonini, F Bossi, P Campana, G Capon, M Carletti, F Cerutti, V Chiarella, G Corradi, B Dulach, G Felici, P Laurelli, G Mannocchi, F Murtas, G.P Murtas, M Pepe-Altarelli, P Picchi, S Salomone, M Santoni, P Colrain, I ten Have, I.G Knowles, J.G Lynch, W Maitland, W.T Morton, C Raine, P Reeves, J.M Scarr, K Smith, M.G Smith, A.S Thompson, S Thorn, R.M Turnbull, U Becker, B Brandl, O Braun, R Geiges, C Geweniger, P Hanke, V Hepp, W Heyde, E.E Kluge, J Krause, Y Maumary, M Panter, A Putzer, B Rensch, M Schmidt, K Schmitt, A Stahl, H Stenzel, K Tittel, M Wunsch, G.J Barber, R Beuselinck, D.M Binnie, W Cameron, M Cattaneo, D.J Colling, P.J Dorna, D.N Gentry, J.F Hassard, N Konstantinidis, D.G Miller, L Moneta, A Moutoussi, J Nash, D.G Payne, D.R Price, G San Martin, J.K Sedgbeer, A.G Wright, P Girtler, D Kuhn, G Rudolph, R Vogl, C.K Bowdery, T.J Brodbeck, A.J Finch, F Foster, G Hughes, D Jackson, N.R Keemer, M Nuttall, A Patel, T Sloan, S.W Snow, E.P Whelan, L.A.T Bauerdick, A Galla, A.M Greene, K Kleinknecht, J Raab, B Renk, H.-G Sander, H Schmidt, S.M Walther, R Wanke, B Wolf, A.M Bencheikh, C Benchouk, M Billaut, A Bonissent, D Calvet, J Carr, C Diaconu, F Etienne, Y Gally, D Nicod, P Payre, L Roos, D Rousseau, P Schwemling, M Talby, I Abt, K Ackermann, S Adlung, R Assmann, C Bauer, H Becker, W Blum, D Brown, P Cattaneo, B Dehning, H Dietl, F Dydak, H Fischer, A.W Halley, D Hauff, P Holl, K Jakobs, W Kothhuber, H Kroha, J Lauber, G Lütjens, G Lutz, W Männer, H.-G Moser, R Richter, J Schröder, A.S Schwarz, R Settles, H Seywerd, H Stieg, U Stiegler, U Stierlin, R.St Denis, L Strüder, G Waltermann, P Weissbach, G Wolf, J.-N Albert, R Alemany, C Arnault, R Bernier, J Boucrot, O Callot, R Chase, A Cordier, M Davier, M Dialinas, A Ducorps, L Duflot, J.-F Grivaz, Ph Heusse, P Janot, Ph Jean, D.W Kim, F Le Diberder, J Lefrançois, A.-M Lutz, G Musolino, H.J Park, J.-P Richer, M.-H Schune, J.-J Veillet, I Videau, D Abbaneo, C Avanzini, G Bagliesi, G Batignani, A Bechini, F Bosi, U Bottigli, C Bozzi, C Bradaschia, G Calderini, M Carpinelli, C Cerri, M.A Ciocci, V Ciulli, R Dell'Orso, R Fantechi, I Ferrante, F Fidecaro, F Forti, A Giassi, M.A Giorgi, A Gregorio, F Ligabue, R Lorenzini, A Lusiani, P.S Marrocchesi, A Messineo, G Pagani, G Pierazzini, A Profeti, G Rizzo, G Sanguinetti, P Spagnolo, J Steinberger, R Tenchini, G Tonelli, G Triggiani, C Vannini, P.G Verdini, J Walsh, A.P Betteridge, Y Gao, M.G Green, B.J Green, D.L Johnson, P.V March, T Medcalf, Ll.M Mir, I.S Quazi, J.A Strong, V Bertin, J Bizzell, D.R Botterill, R.W Clifft, T.R Edgecock, S Haywood, M Edwards, P.R Norton, J.C Thompson, A.W Tucker, D Bederede, R Bernard, E Beuville, B Bloch-Devaux, P Colas, H Desportes, H Duarte, S Emery, L Gosset, J Heitzmann, M Jacquemet, A Joudon, W Kozanecki, E Lançon, M.C Lemaire, E Locci, J.C Lottin, P Micolon, J Pascual, P Perez, J Rander, J.-F Renardy, A Rosowsky, A Roussarie, J.-P Schuller, J Schwindling, D Si Mohand, B Vallage, R.P Johnson, A.M Litke, G Taylor, J Wear, A Beddall, C.N Booth, S Cartwright, F Combley, I Dawson, A Koksal, C Rankin, L.F Thompson, A Böhrer, S Brandt, G Cowan, E Feigl, G Gillessen, C Grupen, G Lutters, J Minguet-Rodriguez, F Rivera, P Saraiva, U Schäfer, L Smolik, L Bosisio, R Della Marina, G Giannini, B Gobbo, L Pitis, F Ragusa, J Rothberg, S Wasserbaech, L Bellantoni, A Caldwell, D Cinabro, J.S Conway, D.F Cowen, Z Feng, D.P.S Ferguson, Y.S Gao, J Grahl, J.L Harton, O.J Hayes, H Hu, J Izen, R.C Jared, D Muller, J.M Nachtman, Y.B Pan, Y Saadi, M Schmitt, I Scott, V Sharma, D Strom, M Takashima, J.D Turk, A.M Walsh, F.V Weber, E Wicklund, Sau Lan Wu, X Wu, J.M Yamartino, M Zheng, G Zobernig, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), ALEPH, Buskulic, D, Casper, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Lees, J. -P, Minard, M. -N, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Ariztizabal, F, Chmeissani, M, Crespo, J. M, Efthymiopoulos, I, Fernandez, E, Fernandez-Bosman, M, Gaitan, V, Garrido, Ll, Martinez, M, Mattison, T, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Padilla, C, Palla, F, Pascual, A, Perlas, J. A, Sanchez, F, Teubert, F, Chiumarulo, F, Clemente, A, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Farilla, A, Ferorelli, R, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Marinelli, N, Mastrogiacomo, A, Natali, S, Negro, V, Nuzzo, S, Papagni, M, Pinto, C, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Chai, Y, Huang, D, Huang, X, Lin, J, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, D, Xu, R, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Albrecht, H, Ball, A, Benetta, R, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, G, Boudreau, J, Charity, T, Comas, P, Coyle, P, Drevermann, H, Engelhardt, A, Ferro-Luzzi, M, Foà, L, Forty, R. W, Frank, M, Ganis, G, Gay, C, Girone, M, Grab, C, Grabit, R, Griffith, J, Grub, R, Hagelberg, R, Harvey, J, Ivesdal, B, Jacobsen, R, Jarron, P, Jost, B, Kasemann, M, Kellner, G, Knobloch, J, Lacourt, A, Lazeyras, P, Lehraus, I, Lofstedt, B, Lohse, T, Lütze, D, Maggi, M, Marchioro, A, Markou, C, Martin, E. B, Mato, P, Maugain, J. -M, May, J, Meinhard, H, Mertens, V, Minten, A, Miotto, A, Miquel, R, Palazzi, P, Pater, J. R, Perrodo, P, Pintus, R, Pregernig, L, Price, M, Pusztaszeri, J. -F, Ranjard, F, Richstein, J, Richter, W, Rolandi, L, Rotscheidt, H, von Ruden, W, Saich, M, Santiard, J. -C, Schilly, P, Schlatter, D, Schmelling, M, Stefanini, G, Taureg, H, Tejessy, W, Tomalin, I. R, Veenhof, R, Venturi, A, Verweij, H, Wachsmuth, H, Wahl, H, Wheeler, S, Wiedenmann, W, Wildish, T, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Ajaltouni, Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska, M, Barres, A, Boyer, C, Brossard, M, Chadelas, R, Daudon, F, Falvard, A, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Montret, J-C, Pallin, D, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Proriol, J, Saadi, F, Bertelsen, H, Fearnley, T, Hansen, F, Hansen, J. B, Hansen, J. D, Hansen, J. R, Hansen, P. H, Johnson, S. D, Lindahl, A, Madsen, B, Møllerud, R, Nilsson, B. S, Petersen, G, Kyriakis, A, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Bercher, M, Berthon, U, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J. C, Bourdon, P, Busata, A, Cerutti, M, Doublet, J, Fouque, G, Lemoine, C, Matricon, P, Maubras, M, Morano, R, Parey, J. -Y, Passalacqua, L, Poilleux, P, Rougé, A, Roy, C, Rumpf, M, Tanaka, R, Valassi, A, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Violet, C, Candlin, D. J, Main, A. J, Parsons, M. I, Veitch, E, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Scarlini, E, Corden, M, Delfino, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Jaffe, D. E, Levinthal, D, Anelli, M, Antonelli, A, Balla, A, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bonini, R, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Carletti, M, Cerutti, F, Chiarella, V, Corradi, G, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, F, Murtas, G. P, Pepe-Altarelli, M, Picchi, P, Salomone, S, Santoni, M, Colrain, P, ten Have, I, Knowles, I. G, Lynch, J. G, Maitland, W, Morton, W. T, Raine, C, Reeves, P, Scarr, J. M, Smith, K, Smith, M. G, Thompson, A. S, Thorn, S, Turnbull, R. M, Becker, U, Brandl, B, Braun, O, Geiges, R, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hepp, V, Heyde, W, Kluge, E. E, Krause, J, Maumary, Y, Panter, M, Putzer, A, Rensch, B, Schmidt, M, Schmitt, K, Stahl, A, Stenzel, H, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Barber, G. J, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, D. M, Cameron, W, Cattaneo, M, Colling, D. J, Dorna, P. J, Gentry, D. N, Hassard, J. F, Konstantinidis, N, Miller, D. G, Moneta, L, Moutoussi, A, Nash, J, Payne, D. G, Price, D. R, San Martin, G, Sedgbeer, J. K, Wright, A. G, Girtler, P, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Vogl, R, Bowdery, C. K, Brodbeck, T. J, Finch, A. J, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Jackson, D, Keemer, N. R, Nuttall, M, Patel, A, Sloan, T, Snow, S. W, Whelan, E. P, Bauerdick, L. A. T, Galla, A, Greene, A. M, Kleinknecht, K, Raab, J, Renk, B, Sander, H. -G, Schmidt, H, Walther, S. M, Wanke, R, Wolf, B, Bencheikh, A. M, Benchouk, C, Billaut, M, Bonissent, A, Calvet, D, Carr, J, Diaconu, C, Etienne, F, Gally, Y, Nicod, D, Payre, P, Roos, L, Rousseau, D, Schwemling, P, Talby, M, Abt, I, Ackermann, K, Adlung, S, Assmann, R, Bauer, C, Becker, H, Blum, W, Brown, D, Cattaneo, P, Dehning, B, Dietl, H, Dydak, F, Fischer, H, Halley, A. W, Hauff, D, Holl, P, Jakobs, K, Kothhuber, W, Kroha, H, Lauber, J, Lütjens, G, Lutz, G, Männer, W, Moser, H. -G, Richter, R, Schröder, J, Schwarz, A. S, Settles, R, Seywerd, H, Stieg, H, Stiegler, U, Stierlin, U, Denis, R. St, Strüder, L, Waltermann, G, Weissbach, P, Wolf, G, Albert, J. -N, Alemany, R, Arnault, C, Bernier, R, Boucrot, J, Callot, O, Chase, R, Cordier, A, Davier, M, Dialinas, M, Ducorps, A, Duflot, L, Grivaz, J. -F, Heusse, Ph, Janot, P, Jean, Ph, Kim, D. W, Le Diberder, F, Lefrançois, J, Lutz, A. -M, Musolino, G, Park, H. J, Richer, J. -P, Schune, M. -H, Veillet, J. -J, Videau, I, Abbaneo, D, Avanzini, C, Bagliesi, G, Batignani, G, Bechini, A, Bosi, F, Bottigli, U, Bozzi, C, Bradaschia, C, Calderini, G, Carpinelli, M, Cerri, C, Ciocci, M. A, Ciulli, V, Dell'Orso, R, Fantechi, R, Ferrante, I, Fidecaro, F, Forti, F, Giassi, A, Giorgi, M. A, Gregorio, A, Ligabue, F, Lorenzini, R, Lusiani, A, Marrocchesi, P. S, Messineo, A, Pagani, G, Pierazzini, G, Profeti, A, Rizzo, G, Sanguinetti, G, Spagnolo, P, Steinberger, J, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Triggiani, G, Vannini, C, Verdini, P. G, Walsh, J, Betteridge, A. P, Gao, Y, Green, M. G, Green, B. J, Johnson, D. L, March, P. V, Medcalf, T, Mir, Ll. M, Quazi, I. S, Strong, J. A, Bertin, V, Bizzell, J, Botterill, D. R, Clifft, R. W, Edgecock, T. R, Haywood, S, Edwards, M, Norton, P. R, Thompson, J. C, Tucker, A. W, Bederede, D, Bernard, R, Beuville, E, Bloch-Devaux, B, Colas, P, Desportes, H, Duarte, H, Emery, S, Gosset, L, Heitzmann, J, Jacquemet, M, Joudon, A, Kozanecki, W, Lançon, E, Lemaire, M. C, Locci, E, Lottin, J. C, Micolon, P, Pascual, J, Perez, P, Rander, J, Renardy, J. -F, Rosowsky, A, Roussarie, A, Schuller, J. -P, Schwindling, J, Si Mohand, D, Vallage, B, Johnson, R. P, Litke, A. M, Taylor, G, Wear, J, Beddall, A, Booth, C. N, Cartwright, S, Combley, F, Dawson, I, Koksal, A, Rankin, C, Thompson, L. F, Böhrer, A, Brandt, S, Cowan, G, Feigl, E, Gillessen, G, Grupen, C, Lutters, G, Minguet-Rodriguez, J, Rivera, F, Saraiva, P, Schäfer, U, Smolik, L, Bosisio, L, Della Marina, R, Giannini, G, Gobbo, B, Pitis, L, Ragusa, F, Rothberg, J, Wasserbaech, S, Bellantoni, L, Caldwell, A, Cinabro, D, Conway, J. S, Cowen, D. F, Feng, Z, Ferguson, D. P. S, Gao, Y. S, Grahl, J, Harton, J. L, Hayes, O. J, Hu, H, Izen, J, Jared, R. C, Muller, D, Nachtman, J. M, Pan, Y. B, Saadi, Y, Schmitt, M, Scott, I, Sharma, V, Strom, D, Takashima, M, Turk, J. D, Walsh, A. M, Weber, F. V, Wicklund, E, Wu, Sau Lan, Wu, X, Yamartino, J. M, Zheng, M, Zobernig, G, D., Buskulic, D., Casper, I., De Boni, D., Decamp, P., Ghez, C., Goy, J. P., Lee, M. N., Minard, P., Odier, B., Pietrzyk, F., Ariztizabal, M., Chmeissani, J. M., Crespo, I., Efthymiopoulo, E., Fernandez, M., Fernandez Bosman, V., Gaitan, Ll, Garrido, M., Martinez, T., Mattison, S., Orteu, A., Pacheco, C., Padilla, F., Palla, A., Pascual, J. A., Perla, F., Sanchez, F., Teubert, F., Chiumarulo, A., Clemente, D., Creanza, M., de Palma, A., Farilla, R., Ferorelli, G., Iaselli, G., Maggi, N., Marinelli, A., Mastrogiacomo, S., Natali, V., Negro, S., Nuzzo, M., Papagni, C., Pinto, A., Ranieri, G., Raso, F., Romano, F., Ruggieri, G., Selvaggi, L., Silvestri, P., Tempesta, G., Zito, Y., Chai, D., Huang, X., Huang, J., Lin, T., Wang, Y., Xie, D., Xu, R., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhao, H., Albrecht, A., Ball, R., Benetta, F., Bird, E., Blucher, G., Bonvicini, J., Boudreau, T., Charity, P., Coma, P., Coyle, H., Drevermann, A., Engelhardt, M., Ferro Luzzi, L., Foà, R. W., Forty, M., Frank, G., Gani, C., Gay, M., Girone, C., Grab, R., Grabit, J., Griffith, R., Grub, R., Hagelberg, J., Harvey, B., Ivesdal, R., Jacobsen, P., Jarron, B., Jost, M., Kasemann, G., Kellner, J., Knobloch, A., Lacourt, P., Lazeyra, I., Lehrau, B., Lofstedt, T., Lohse, D., Lütze, M., Maggi, A., Marchioro, C., Markou, E. B., Martin, P., Mato, J. M., Maugain, J., May, H., Meinhard, V., Merten, A., Minten, A., Miotto, R., Miquel, P., Palazzi, J. R., Pater, P., Perrodo, R., Pintu, L., Pregernig, M., Price, J. F., Pusztaszeri, F., Ranjard, J., Richstein, W., Richter, L., Rolandi, H., Rotscheidt, W., von Ruden, M., Saich, J. C., Santiard, P., Schilly, D., Schlatter, M., Schmelling, G., Stefanini, H., Taureg, W., Tejessy, I. R., Tomalin, R., Veenhof, A., Venturi, H., Verweij, H., Wachsmuth, H., Wahl, S., Wheeler, W., Wiedenmann, T., Wildish, W., Witzeling, J., Wotschack, Z., Ajaltouni, M., Bardadin Otwinowska, A., Barre, C., Boyer, M., Brossard, R., Chadela, F., Daudon, A., Falvard, P., Gay, C., Guicheney, P., Henrard, J., Jousset, B., Michel, J. C., Montret, D., Pallin, P., Perret, F., Podlyski, J., Proriol, F., Saadi, H., Bertelsen, T., Fearnley, F., Hansen, J. B., Hansen, J. D., Hansen, J. R., Hansen, P. H., Hansen, S. D., Johnson, A., Lindahl, B., Madsen, R., Møllerud, B. S., Nilsson, G., Petersen, A., Kyriaki, E., Simopoulou, I., Sioti, A., Vayaki, K., Zachariadou, M., Bercher, U., Berthon, A., Blondel, G., Bonneaud, J. C., Brient, P., Bourdon, A., Busata, M., Cerutti, J., Doublet, G., Fouque, C., Lemoine, P., Matricon, M., Maubra, R., Morano, J. Y., Parey, L., Passalacqua, P., Poilleux, A., Rougé, C., Roy, M., Rumpf, R., Tanaka, A., Valassi, M., Verderi, H., Videau, C., Violet, D. J., Candlin, A. J., Main, M. I., Parson, E., Veitch, E., Focardi, G., Parrini, E., Scarlini, M., Corden, M., Delfino, C., Georgiopoulo, D. E., Jaffe, D., Levinthal, M., Anelli, A., Antonelli, A., Balla, G., Bencivenni, G., Bologna, R., Bonini, F., Bossi, P., Campana, G., Capon, M., Carletti, F., Cerutti, V., Chiarella, G., Corradi, B., Dulach, G., Felici, P., Laurelli, G., Mannocchi, F., Murta, G. P., Murta, M., Pepe Altarelli, P., Picchi, S., Salomone, M., Santoni, P., Colrain, I., ten Have, I. G., Knowle, J. G., Lynch, W., Maitland, W. T., Morton, C., Raine, P., Reeve, J. M., Scarr, K., Smith, M. G., Smith, A. S., Thompson, S., Thorn, R. M., Turnbull, U., Becker, B., Brandl, O., Braun, R., Geige, C., Geweniger, P., Hanke, V., Hepp, W., Heyde, E. E., Kluge, J., Krause, Y., Maumary, M., Panter, A., Putzer, B., Rensch, M., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, A., Stahl, H., Stenzel, K., Tittel, M., Wunsch, G. J., Barber, R., Beuselinck, D. M., Binnie, W., Cameron, M., Cattaneo, D. J., Colling, P. J., Dorna, D. N., Gentry, J. F., Hassard, N., Konstantinidi, D. G., Miller, L., Moneta, A., Moutoussi, J., Nash, D. G., Payne, D. R., Price, G., San Martin, J. K., Sedgbeer, A. G., Wright, P., Girtler, D., Kuhn, G., Rudolph, R., Vogl, C. K., Bowdery, T. J., Brodbeck, A. J., Finch, F., Foster, G., Hughe, D., Jackson, N. R., Keemer, M., Nuttall, A., Patel, T., Sloan, S. W., Snow, E. P., Whelan, L. A. T., Bauerdick, A., Galla, A. M., Greene, K., Kleinknecht, J., Raab, B., Renk, H. G., Sander, H., Schmidt, S. M., Walther, R., Wanke, B., Wolf, A. M., Bencheikh, C., Benchouk, M., Billaut, A., Bonissent, D., Calvet, J., Carr, C., Diaconu, F., Etienne, Y., Gally, D., Nicod, P., Payre, L., Roo, D., Rousseau, P., Schwemling, M., Talby, I., Abt, K., Ackermann, S., Adlung, R., Assmann, C., Bauer, H., Becker, W., Blum, D., Brown, P., Cattaneo, B., Dehning, H., Dietl, F., Dydak, H., Fischer, A. W., Halley, D., Hauff, P., Holl, K., Jakob, W., Kothhuber, H., Kroha, J., Lauber, G., Lütjen, G., Lutz, W., Männer, H. G., Moser, R., Richter, J., Schröder, A. S., Schwarz, R., Settle, H., Seywerd, H., Stieg, U., Stiegler, U., Stierlin, R., St Deni, L., Strüder, G., Waltermann, P., Weissbach, G., Wolf, J. N., Albert, R., Alemany, C., Arnault, R., Bernier, J., Boucrot, O., Callot, R., Chase, A., Cordier, M., Davier, M., Dialina, A., Ducorp, L., Duflot, J. F., Grivaz, Ph, Heusse, P., Janot, Ph, Jean, D. W., Kim, F., Le Diberder, J., Lefrançoi, A. M., Lutz, G., Musolino, H. J., Park, J. P., Richer, M. H., Schune, J. J., Veillet, I., Videau, D., Abbaneo, C., Avanzini, G., Bagliesi, G., Batignani, A., Bechini, F., Bosi, U., Bottigli, C., Bozzi, C., Bradaschia, G., Calderini, M., Carpinelli, C., Cerri, M. A., Ciocci, V., Ciulli, R., Dell'Orso, R., Fantechi, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, F., Forti, A., Giassi, M. A., Giorgi, Gregorio, Anna, F., Ligabue, R., Lorenzini, A., Lusiani, P. S., Marrocchesi, A., Messineo, G., Pagani, G., Pierazzini, A., Profeti, G., Rizzo, G., Sanguinetti, P., Spagnolo, J., Steinberger, R., Tenchini, G., Tonelli, G., Triggiani, C., Vannini, P. G., Verdini, J., Walsh, A. P., Betteridge, Y., Gao, M. G., Green, B. J., Green, D. L., Johnson, P. V., March, T., Medcalf, Mir, L. l. M., I. S., Quazi, J. A., Strong, V., Bertin, J., Bizzell, D. R., Botterill, R. W., Clifft, T. R., Edgecock, S., Haywood, M., Edward, P. R., Norton, J. C., Thompson, A. W., Tucker, D., Bederede, R., Bernard, E., Beuville, B., Bloch Devaux, P., Cola, H., Desporte, H., Duarte, S., Emery, L., Gosset, J., Heitzmann, M., Jacquemet, A., Joudon, W., Kozanecki, E., Lançon, M. C., Lemaire, E., Locci, J. C., Lottin, P., Micolon, J., Pascual, P., Perez, J., Rander, J. F., Renardy, A., Rosowsky, A., Roussarie, J. P., Schuller, J., Schwindling, D., Si Mohand, B., Vallage, R. P., Johnson, A. M., Litke, G., Taylor, J., Wear, A., Beddall, C. N., Booth, S., Cartwright, F., Combley, I., Dawson, A., Koksal, C., Rankin, L. F., Thompson, A., Böhrer, S., Brandt, G., Cowan, E., Feigl, G., Gillessen, C., Grupen, G., Lutter, J., Minguet Rodriguez, F., Rivera, P., Saraiva, U., Schäfer, L., Smolik, Bosisio, Luciano, R., Della Marina, Giannini, Gianrossano, B., Gobbo, L., Piti, F., Ragusa, J., Rothberg, S., Wasserbaech, L., Bellantoni, A., Caldwell, D., Cinabro, J. S., Conway, D. F., Cowen, Z., Feng, D. P. S., Ferguson, Y. S., Gao, J., Grahl, J. L., Harton, O. J., Haye, H., Hu, J., Izen, R. C., Jared, D., Muller, J. M., Nachtman, Y. B., Pan, Y., Saadi, M., Schmitt, I., Scott, V., Sharma, D., Strom, M., Takashima, J. D., Turk, A. M., Walsh, F. V., Weber, E., Wicklund, Sau Lan, Wu, X., Wu, J. M., Yamartino, M., Zheng, G., Zobernig, Debonis, I, Lees, J, Minard, M, Crespo, J, Fernandezbosman, M, Garrido, L, Perlas, J, Depalma, M, Ferroluzzi, M, Foa, L, Forty, R, Lutze, D, Martin, E, Maugain, J, Pater, J, Pusztaszeri, J, Santiard, J, Tomalin, I, Bardadinotwinowska, M, Montret, J, Hansen, J, Hansen, P, Johnson, S, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Brient, J, Parey, J, Rouge, A, Candlin, D, Main, A, Parsons, M, Jaffe, D, Murtas, G, Pepealtarelli, M, Tenhave, I, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Scarr, J, Smith, M, Thompson, A, Turnbull, R, Kluge, E, Barber, G, Binnie, D, Colling, D, Dorna, P, Gentry, D, Hassard, J, Miller, D, Payne, D, Price, D, Sanmartin, G, Sedgbeer, J, Wright, A, Bowdery, C, Brodbeck, T, Finch, A, Keemer, N, Snow, S, Whelan, E, Bauerdick, L, Greene, A, Sander, H, Walther, S, Bencheikh, A, Halley, A, Lutjens, G, Manner, W, Moser, H, Schroder, J, Schwarz, A, Denis, R, Struder, L, Albert, J, Grivaz, J, Heusse, P, Jean, P, Kim, D, Lediberder, F, Lefrancois, J, Lutz, A, Park, H, Richer, J, Schune, M, Veillet, J, Ciocci, M, Dellorso, R, Giorgi, M, Marrocchesi, P, Verdini, P, Betteridge, A, Green, M, Green, B, Johnson, D, March, P, Mir, L, Quazi, I, Strong, J, Botterill, D, Clifft, R, Edgecock, T, Norton, P, Thompson, J, Tucker, A, Blochdevaux, B, Lancon, E, Lemaire, M, Lottin, J, Renardy, J, Schuller, J, Mohand, D, Johnson, R, Litke, A, Booth, C, Thompson, L, Bohrer, A, Minguetrodriguez, J, Schafer, U, Dellamarina, R, Conway, J, Cowen, D, Ferguson, D, Harton, J, Hayes, O, Jared, R, Nachtman, J, Pan, Y, Turk, J, Walsh, A, Weber, F, Wu, S, Yamartino, J, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Aleph, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, ALEPH Experiment, LEP, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Collider, ALEPH experiment, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Missing energy, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ALEPH detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The performance of the ALEPH detector at the LEP e+e-collider is reviewed. The accuracy of the tracking detectors to measure the impact parameter and momentum of charged tracks is specified. Calorimeters are used to measure photons and neutral hadrons, and the accuracy obtained in energy and angle is given. An essential property of the detector is its ability to identify particles; the performance in identification of electrons, muons, neutrinos (from missing energy), charged hadrons, π0's and V0's is described. © 1995.

Published
1995

27. A photo-detector for UHECR observation from space

Author

O. Bourrion, Valerio Gracco, F. Cadoux, A. Thea, Mario Sannino, P. Musico, E. Plagnol, D. H. Koang, S. Cuneo, P. Nedelec, Alessandro Petrolini, Marco Pallavicini, F. Pratolongo, P. Gorodetzky, D. Dzahini, E. Lagorio, Flavio Fontanelli, M. Ameri, J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EUSO, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High-energy astro-particle physics, Photodetector, Elementary particle, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Photon detectors, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Space exploration, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High-energy physics, 0103 physical sciences, photon detectors, multi-anode photo-multipliers, housing, sensor array, high-energy physics, high-energy astro-particle physics, ultra high-energy cosmic radiation, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Sensor array, Physics, Ultra high-energy cosmic radiation, COSMIC cancer database, Multi-anode photo-multipliers, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 85.60, 29.40, 96.40, 13.85, Massless particle, Housing
Abstract

International audience; It is most likely that the next generation of experiments for the study of the Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Radiation (UHECR), that is cosmic particles reaching the Earth with energies in excess of 10$^{19}$ eV, will consist of space-based experiments. The observation from space of the Extensive Atmospheric Showers (EAS) produced by UHECR is a big challenge, because the faint signal must be extracted from a large background by an experimental apparatus operating in space. The requirements for the photo-detector for such a kind of space missions will be briefly discussed and the solutions adopted for the design of the photo-detector of the EUSO experiment will be presented.

Published
2005
Full Text
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29. BiCMOS amplifier–discriminator integrated circuit for gas-filled detector readout

Author

K. Torki, T. Le Caër, D. Dzahini, J.-P. Richer, C. Hervé, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Transimpedance amplifier, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Discriminator, Synchrotron radiation, Integrated circuit, BiCMOS, Synchrotron radiation instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Amplifier, Preamplifier, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector, Electrical engineering, Gas-filled detector, BiCMOS integrated circuit, PACS 85, business
Abstract

The paper presents a 16-channel amplifier-discriminator designed in BiCMOS technology. It will be used for the binary parallel readout of gas-filled detectors being designed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The circuit (named AMS211) has been manufactured. The measured transimpedance gain (400 KΩ), bandwidth (25 MHz) and noise (1570 e−+95 e−/pF ENC) well match the simulated results. The discriminator thresholds are individually controlled by built-in Digital to Analogue Converter. The experience gained with a first prototype of readout electronics indicates that the AMS211 should meet our requirements.

Published
2005
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30. [Crohn's disease with anoperineal lesions: use of MRI]

Author

E, Loridan, F, Machet, M, Happi-Nono, C, Silvain, and J-P, Richer

Subjects
Adult, Rectal Diseases, Crohn Disease, Vaginal Diseases, Humans, Female, Fissure in Ano, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Abscess
Abstract

The authors report a case of perineal Crohn disease with three anal fissures. Because of a persistant fever without any clinical aspect of abscess they practiced MRI examination that discovered an abscess of the recto-vaginal wall. The patient was operated under general anaesthesia. This clinical case shows the interest of radiologic exams, particularly pelvic MRI for the precise lesional diagnosis of anoperineal lesions of Crohn's disease, that is still complex and difficult to treat.

Published
2004

31. [Torsion of the spleen in children]

Author

J N, McHeik, J P, Richer, and G, Levard

Subjects
Male, Necrosis, Torsion Abnormality, Vomiting, Splenectomy, Humans, Child, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Spleen, Abdominal Pain, Splenic Diseases
Abstract

The wandering spleen is caused by congenital absence of fixating ligaments or abnormally long ligaments. It is an uncommon clinical entity, which rarely affects children. The clinical presentation of wandering spleen is variable, but the most dangerous complication is splenic torsion. A 7 year-old boy presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. The abdominal ultrasound scan discovered spleen ischemia. Volvulus of the spleen was evoked. Laparotomy was carried out and the patient underwent splenectomy. In this case the anatomical means of spleen fixity were absent. Because wandering spleen is uncommon in the paediatric population, a heightened awareness of the condition is required for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. The treatment of choice is splenopexy, while if splenic necrosis is present, splenectomy is required.

Published
2004

32. [Laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair]

Author

J-P, Faure, D, Essique, H, Gibelin, E, Loridan, M, Carretier, and J-P, Richer

Subjects
Humans, Hernia, Inguinal, Laparoscopy, Video-Assisted Surgery, Peritoneum, Surgical Mesh, Digestive System Surgical Procedures
Abstract

The authors describe a technique of totally preperitoneal videoscopic inguinal hernia repair. This method allows, by cleavages, to obtain a preperitoneal space where can be individualised anatomical structures of the inguinofemoral area: pubis, pectineal ligament of Cooper, epigastric vessels. After squelettisation of the elements of the cord by release of the hernial bag, installation of a not fixed prosthesis largely covers the hernial rings.

Published
2003

33. Status report on front end electronics for the EUSO photon detector

Author

D.H. Koang, J. P. Richer, D. Dzahini, G. Bosson, P. Musico, M. Pallavicini, J. Pouxe, F. Pratolongo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and bibliotheque, LPSC

Subjects
Digital electronics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Memory buffer register, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Serial communication, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Integrated circuit, Chip, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Front and back ends, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

In this paper we'll give a status report on the design of the front end electronic system which will be used for the EUSO photon detector. For space, mass and power consumption constraints the system will be implemented developing an ASIC chip using a deep submicron technology. Two complementary approaches will be described: a digital one (DFEE) and an analog one (AFEE). The DFEE is able to count the single photoelectrons coming form the detector, store the numbers in a memory buffer and read them out after a trigger using a serial communication line. The AFEE integrate the anode signals, store them in an analog memory and serially send all the values to a single output after a trigger for digitalization (external to the chip). Since the approaches are complementary the idea is to put both of them in the final front end chip. An overview of the system is given together to the actual status of the design. Results from simulations are shown: the system is feasible and we think to implement some devices this year to extensively test the proposed solutions.

Published
2002

34. [Operable lung cancer and synchronous adrenal masses: role of laparoscopic adrenalectomy combined with pulmonary resection]

Author

X, Breton, P, Corbi, J P, Faure, C, Jayle, J P, Richer, J C, Meurice, J M, Tourani, and J L, Kraimps

Subjects
Adult, Male, Lung Neoplasms, Biopsy, Needle, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adrenalectomy, Middle Aged, Survival Analysis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Treatment Outcome, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Laparoscopy, Aged
Abstract

Assessment of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the management of operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with solitary and synchronous adrenal mass.In a retrospective study, we reviewed 3 patients with operable NSCLC proved by pulmonary biopsy and an isolated synchronous adrenal mass shown by abdominal CT scan. We first performed a laparoscopic adrenalectomy followed by pulmonary resection.All patients had a laparoscopic adrenalectomy without any conversion or treatment-related death. Hospitalization stay ranged from 5 to 6 days. A left pneumonectomy has been performed immediately after this first hospitalization in 2 cases and after a first cycle of chemotherapy in the third case. Pathologic examination showed a NSCLC adrenal metastasis in 2 cases and an adrenocortical adenoma in the last case. During the follow-up 2 patients died of other distant metastasis and a mediastinal lymph node recurrence has been diagnosed in the third patient, actually treated by a second line chemotherapy.Despite those bad results that concern patients T3 M+ in 2 cases, laparoscopic adrenalectomy seems to be very interesting in selected cases. Considering that pulmonary resection can be done after, it represents a mean of diagnosis at least better than fine needle aspiration biopsy. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy might also be considered in the resection of a synchronous and isolated metastasis as a way to improve survival.

Published
2002

35. [Surgical management of pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma]

Author

J J, Tuech, J P, Faure, P, Pessaux, J P, Richer, N, Regenet, M, Carretier, and J P, Arnaud

Subjects
Male, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Pancreatectomy, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Kidney Neoplasms, Aged, Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Retrospective Studies
Published
2002

36. Renoprotective effects of trimetazidine against ischemia-reperfusion injury and cold storage preservation: a preliminary study

Author

H, Baumert, J M, Goujon, J P, Richer, L, Lacoste, J P, Tillement, M, Eugene, M, Carretier, and T, Hauet

Subjects
Adenosine, Swine, Allopurinol, Graft Survival, Hypertonic Solutions, Organ Preservation Solutions, Trimetazidine, Organ Preservation, In Vitro Techniques, Kidney, Glutathione, Kidney Transplantation, Cold Temperature, Cryoprotective Agents, Raffinose, Reperfusion Injury, Animals, Insulin
Abstract

Initial ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with organ retrieval, storage, and transplantation adversely affects early graft function and influences the development of chronic graft dysfunction. We have recently shown that the protective agent trimetazidine (TMZ) added to preservation solutions: Euro-collins (EC) and University of Wisconsin (UW) was efficient to protect kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury in an isolated perfused kidney model. We extended these observations to investigate the role of this drug in the development and progression of organ dysfunction in the autotransplant pig kidney model.Five experimental groups were studied. After 48-hr cold preservation, autotransplantation and immediate controlateral nephrectomy was then performed in group EC (EC+placebo (n=8), EC+TMZ (n=8), UW+placebo (n=7), and (UW+TMZ) (n=7) and compared with control group (uninephrectomized, n=4) during 14 days. Blood and urine samples were collected for the measurement of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14. Histological analysis was performed after reperfusion and at day 14.Survivals were 100% in group B and D versus 42% in group A and 57% in group C. Urine production occurred earlier after autotransplantation from TMZ preserved kidneys than in placebo preserved groups. Peak creat and blood urea nitrogen was significantly greater in groups B and D than in groups A and C. TMZ was also efficient both to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury and to decrease cellular infiltration.These results support the beneficial effect of TMZ against ischemia-reperfusion injury and its early effects on grafts in the form of delayed graft function and decreased graft survival. In addition, TMZ reduces inflammatory cellular infiltration in the renal parenchyma.

Published
1999

37. ATLAS DETECTOR AND PHYSICS PERFORMANCE TECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT

Author

John Baines, T. Yang, J. Dodd, J-M. Noppe, S. Meuser, T. Embry, Ludovico Pontecorvo, V. V. Lapin, Alexander Cheplakov, S. P. Baranov, S. R. Hou, S. Errede, Valerio Vercesi, D. J. Schotanus, M. Keil, J. Stastny, H. Wellenstein, V.V. Gilevsky, W. J. Murray, I. A. Pless, Pavol Strizenec, J. Salt, V. A. Korotkov, Peter Jenni, M. Tadel, F. Tang, E. Sayouty, F. Rossel, J. M. Butterworth, W. Burris, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, Ph. Demierre, Polina Kuzhir, Y. Jacquier, D. Hayes, A. Krivchitch, S. W. O'Neale, H. Ten Kate, F. Waldner, Petr Sicho, F. M. Newcomer, G. Chiefari, Jianqiao Ye, G. Lehmann, M. A. Dobbs, Yu.A. Khokhlov, Francesco Spanò, L. Holm, K. J. Anderson, H. Drevermann, Ph Martin, D.J. Martin, A. Atag, S. M. Fisher, H. van der Bij, Odette Benary, Mihai Caprini, C. Brouwer, M. Holder, M. Franklin, F. E. Taylor, P.R. Turner, Sam Daniel Mullin, G. Sette, V.A. Onuchin, J. Sorokina, Joleen Pater, Hiroshi Sakamoto, V.I. Sirotenko, Simon George, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, D. Glenzinsky, A. Astvatsaturov, Takahiko Kondo, L. S. Peak, A. G. Clark, Yu. Merzlyakov, F. Crijns, B. Canton, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, K. Jon-And, M. Vassiliou, D. Bocian, F. Haug, Sp. Dedoussis, J. J. Thaler, Rupert Leitner, M. Tyndel, Osamu Sasaki, V. Filimonov, P. Stassi, D. Kuhn, M. Spitalieri, F. Zuffranieri, J. Hrivnac, John Hart, Yu.I. Salomatin, A. Lebedev, G. Blanchot, David Francis, Marcello Fanti, A.G. Shamov, Stefan Koperny, Susanne Kersten, Theodora Papadopoulou, B. Kaan, G. Reinmuth, Kaushik De, B. Yang, L. Tuura, R. Hashemi-Nezhad, J. Pouxe, Th. Baer, A. Kerr, Uwe Bratzler, O. Martin, Patrick Fassnacht, J. M. Lopez, D. Calvet, G. Martin-Chassard, Vincent Hedberg, D. Sopromadze, Sylvain Fichet, A. Ferrer, Serge Smirnov, T. Lari, C. Zeitnitz, B. Dulny, M.V. Kuzmin, T. Kohriki, Vasiliki A Mitsou, P. M. Watkins, Elemer Nagy, M. Wunsch, R. J. Cashmore, Fridolin Dittus, V.V. Bryzgalov, D. Axen, Stephane Jezequel, Tomas Davidek, Edward Diehl, D. Breton, Shlomo Dado, B. Nicquevert, Bengt Lund-Jensen, L. Gustafsson, A. N. Sissakian, B. G. Pope, Daniel Lellouch, Laurent Vacavant, K. Hashemi, R. Beccherle, A.M. Lee, J. Fent, H. Schuijlenburg, A. Onofre, J. M. Crespo, M. Cambiaghi, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, V. V. Tokmenin, Andreas Petridis, M. Cailles, Anna Zuzana Dubnickova, Vitaliano Chiarella, H. A. Neal, Y. Iwata, K. Zitek, A. Perus, D. Bintinger, H.J. Rzayev, J. Ludvig, M. L. Ferrer, Henry Lubatti, Alexi Gongadze, Giovanni Darbo, P. N. Ratoff, J. F. Martin, D. Fasssouliotis, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, J. Vanko, A. Maio, Cheng Chen, Sylvain Tisserant, Sk Noor Alam, S. Rizek, S. Cologna, Yu. Gouz, A. V. Akimov, A. Artamonov, Jolanta Olszowska, D. Manjavidze, Andrej Filipcic, B. Rolker, Georges Azuelos, Alberto Aloisio, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, A. Greenall, H. Groenstege, C. Mayri, V. M. Malyshev, Helmut Vincke, Barry King, F. Alessandria, B. Thooris, J. Drees, I. O. Skillicorn, Z. Metreveli, Veljko Radeka, Thomas Trefzger, T. Liu, P. Rosinsky, H. Wahlen, J. Proudfoot, V. Snyatkov, D.G. Ebling, J. Ludwig, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, R. Arsenescu, A. Tchountonov, I. Tsoukerman, Javier Lozano, Ian Hinchliffe, A. Di Ciaccio, C. Hebrard, Evgeny Starchenko, K. Runge, T. Dubbs, B. Athar, A. Airapetian, W. Heubers, Z. Khorguashvili, A. Chekhtman, K. Mahboubi, J. Silva, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. Kucera, G. Hughes, Bianca Osculati, V. Grabsky, R. Yoshida, J.L. Beney, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Ryuichi Takashima, M. Jirina, M. Mencik, W. Ockenfels, F. Gianotti, N. D. Topilin, N. A. McCubbin, V. Soergel, K. Pretzl, B. Zhang, Martin Hoeferkamp, Alexander Borissov, Evangelos Gazis, S.C. Timm, I.E. Chirikov-Zorin, Petr Tas, S. H. Oh, S. Leven, Alan Poppleton, J. Weichert, R. Tirler, S. A. Robins, Yoshio Arai, Claude Guyot, I. Stekl, F. Kong, Bertrand Laforge, K. H. Becks, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, A. Liolios, E. Marschalkowski, John H. L. Hansen, P. Schwemling, S. Kullander, V. Kovtun, Marina Cobal, Oleg Fedin, O. Boyle, Elizabeth H. Simmons, Calin Alexa, Driss Goujdami, V. Koshtoev, James Shank, F. Dydak, Oscar Blanch, Barbara Liberti, Z. Tomiak, D. Prokofiev, Jianming Qian, A. Moreton, E. Vigeolas, B. Repetti, Georg Zobernig, A. Koutchenkov, C. Weber, S. Jarp, Yoji Hasegawa, M. Seman, G. Lutz, T. Haelen, J. C. Hill, Irinel Caprini, M. Hass, L. Micu, B. Scuri, D. Striegel, Martine Bosman, E. Hazen, F. Combley, A. Breskin, Margherita Primavera, T. Emura, B. Gallet, Francesco Ragusa, P. Malecki, G. D. Kekelidze, A. Amadon, H. Simmler, Paul Hanke, P. de Girolamo, A. Nichols, M. Chardalas, Samuel Silverstein, C. N. Booth, G. D. Alexeev, Flera Rizatdinova, Stefano Veneziano, B. Lorstad, Ketevi Assamagan, B. Dinkespiler, M Mandl, L. Zanello, Sally Seidel, G. D. Hallewell, R. Davisson, C. Conta, Yuehong Xie, Klaus Hamacher, M. Hess, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, M. Maneira, S. Zeldovich, A. Manabe, A. Konstantinov, T. Grigalashvili, E. Rulikowska-Zarebska, Oliver Keith Baker, F. Chollet-LeFlour, J-F. Grivaz, S. D. Kolya, D. Makowiecki, Luc Poggioli, Christine Kourkoumelis, R. Hamatsu, I. A. Gaponenko, G. Crone, G. Ridolfi, M. Ziolkowski, H. Korsmo, Livio Mapelli, N. Hill, J. Kotcher, A. Pozzo, R. W. L. Jones, A. Rudge, V. Senchishin, Laura Perini, V. Zaitsev, Victor Maleev, Armen Vartapetian, G. Passardi, G. Kieft, Karl Jakobs, O. Celik, A. Astbury, J. R. Carter, J. Hobbs, Yoshiji Yasu, F. Ballester, N. Cartiglia, A. Andreazza, Yoram Rozen, O. Bystrom, Mauro Iodice, Tord Ekelof, S. V. Mouraviev, Dirk Zerwas, D. H. Saxon, P. P. Allport, Nigel Hessey, F. Luehring, J. Ban, S. Basiladze, R. Stanek, Daniel Froidevaux, J. W. Chapman, Vadim Gratchev, H. L. Li, Frank Paige, V. Zhuravlev, V. V. Glagolev, T. Mouthuy, Bruno Mansoulie, N. K. Watson, H. Meinhard, S-O. Holmgren, P. J. Hendriks, P. Morettini, Remi Lafaye, Maria Smizanska, F. Broggi, Maia Mosidze, W. Kozanecki, G. Mace, S. Patricelli, T. O. Niinikoski, M. Kollegov, R. Carrasco, A. Bogush, Michal Suk, T. W. Pritchard, S. Patritchev, R. Zitoun, Marcella Capua, I. Shein, J. V. Dawson, Sanchita Bhadra, L. Azhgirei, D. Akerman, S. Kruchinin, J. Boniface, S. Wheeler, A. Masserot, C. H. Wang, S. V. Kopikov, Mikhail Kirsanov, J.B. Romance, P. Kyberd, S. P. Ahlen, P. Le Du, Alessandro Paoloni, C. Arnault, Speranza Falciano, G.A. Blair, R. Suglia, P. Gorbunov, Fernando Barreiro, P. Puzo, Giosuè Costa, J. Prast, M. Chalifour, D. V. Dedovich, M. Pepe-Altarelli, Jeffrey D Steinberg, Joaquin Santander, R. A. McLaren, Ole Røhne, L.E. Kirsh, Claus Goessling, D. Newman-Coburn, Edward May, C. Haber, Junichi Kanzaki, Joao Seixas, Leonardo Merola, G. Vegni, D. Zontar, G. A. Chelkov, R. Richter, H. O. Danielsson, N. Yamdagni, J. Blocki, H. Boterenbrood, Glen A. Evans, S.P. Konovalov, S. W. Snow, W. Bonivento, Enrique J. Fernández, G. Mirabelli, R. S. Orr, Alexander Lincoln Read, K. Bos, T. J. Sloan, Luiz Caloba, M. Stavrianakou, I.S. Satsunkevich, Ralf P. Richter, Sten Hellman, J. T. Fraser, Mogens Dam, N. A. Smith, Paola Sala, Lei Zhang, J. Snow, Jan Jakubek, C. Chollet, R. Salukvadze, M.L. Levitsky, Michael Rijssenbeek, T. Stockmanns, V. G. Zaets, M. Nikolenko, B. Renk, J. Zhao, M.J. Varanda, B. M. Hawes, B. Pineiro, N. Juravlev, A. DiMattia, D. G. Charlton, F. Constantin, R. Cranfield, J.A. Dijkema, V. Dodonov, D. C. Bailey, A. Semenov, A. De Angelis, C. Rabier, J. Koehler, Andrea Negri, V.N. Mikhailin, Dugan O'Neil, G.F. Moorhead, L. Chikovani, F. Marzano, K. Merle, P. Creti, S. González de la Hoz, T-Y. Chen, Jordan Martins, J.J. Mares, I. P. Duerdoth, M Morrissey, A. G. Frodesen, J. R. Bensinger, Yu. Sedykh, Yu. Tsyupa, B. Van Eijk, H. Takeda, Jozef Ferencei, G. C. Barrand, B. A. Khomenko, C.W. Fabjan, E. Anderssen, N. Graf, M. Dobson, Gokhan Unel, R. Othegraven, B. Merkel, Richard Brenner, L. Gabunia, V. Pancheluga, Igor Gavrilenko, Pavel P. Povinec, V. Anosov, W. J. Robertson, D. Levin, Roberto Cardarelli, V.S. Panin, F. Daudon, G. Comes, A. Scheltckov, Val O'Shea, I. Mandjavidze, M. Fortner, Q. Ouyang, J. G. Loken, G.-J. Pols, C. Lesmond, T. Medcalf, Dario Barberis, Horst Oberlack, M. Huet, G. P. Benincasa, A. Filippas, C. A. Heusch, C.K. Jung, P. S. Marrocchesi, Alessandra Ciocio, K. Sliwa, J. T. Linnemann, S. Klimenko, Peter Schmid, J. Stanicek, Arnaud Ferrari, K. Tittel, D. Fasching, M. Blaquiere, Konrad Kleinknecht, R. Maenner, J-J. Veillet, D. Shabalin, S.E. Willis, B.T. Payne, A. Fernandez, Petre Dita, Yu.F. Lomakin, A. Ulvi Yilmazer, M. Aderholz, Shaun Roe, Z. Hajduk, Simonetta Gentile, A. Geiser, A. Soroko, M. Zdrazil, Q. Zhang, Yasushi Nagasaka, K-H. Noffz, K. Wyllie, Tara Shears, Vladimir Sulin, Edisher Tskhadadze, P. Roy, A.J. Flavell, D. Kouba, S. Dagan, P. B. Renton, K. Ryabchenko, E. Spiriti, K. Honscheid, G. Zuk, M. Simic, P. Gerlach, F. Molinie, Patrick Slattery, P. de Saintignon, Christoph Schwick, R. Spiwoks, J. Callahan, P. F. Klok, M. H. Shaevitz, A. H. Mahmood, I. Stumer, V. Klasen, G. De Zorzi, Paul Keener, M. Strauss, N. Zhang, Raymond Brock, F. Schaefer, Doug Gingrich, V. M. Kotov, K. Fuchs, K.H. Geib, R.L. English, Victor Kukhtin, S. Podkladkin, M. Valdata-Nappi, T. Hoare, U. Pfeiffer, H. Schick, Jie Chen, M. J. Kobel, Manuel Lozano, R. Marchesini, E. Pod, Christopher Bee, E.R.S. Candlin, Giovanna Ambrosini, K. W. Glitza, T. A. Hodges, O. Pukhov, Ph. Schune, William Trischuk, Christophe Clement, Yury Tikhonov, Rachid Mazini, V. Sosnovtzev, P. Perrodo, N.I. Bozko, Christoph Posch, D. Cacaut, R. de Asmundis, Reiner Hauser, I. Falleau, T. Buran, L. Bjorset, Y. Eisenberg, T. J. McMahon, M. J. Losty, J. Rothberg, R. Langstaff, Stavros Maltezos, W. Flegel, C. Geweniger, Irakli Minashvili, A. Staude, P. Breugnon, N. Dumont-Dayot, Dan Pantea, V. Cook, B. Kisielewski, Marjorie Shapiro, J.M. Yamartino, S. L. Wu, V. Konstantinov, Isabelle Wingerter-Seez, T. Kawamoto, P R Poffenberger, Gene E. Alexander, T. H. Burnett, H. Saidi, J. Treis, Wim Lavrijsen, D. J. Candlin, Guido Gagliardi, G. Midttun, K. Homma, A. Y. Savine, Roberto Ferrari, L. Tremblet, M. J. Goodrick, J. M. Foster, Y. Watase, I. R. Boyko, A. Kulemzin, F. S. Merritt, Els Koffeman, I. Lochak, V.A. Senko, N. Khovansky, O. Kurtulus, D. Schweiger, P. Farthouat, L. Tkachev, Carmen Maidantchik, V. Flyagin, R. Santonico, E. Auge, Pascal Pralavorio, A-C. Schaffer, J. Schwindling, A. Lagatta, Lamberto Luminari, D. Bloess, Didier Imbault, A. Miagkov, Johann Collot, P. Skubic, M. J. Pearce, M. Campbell, A. Charalambous, Fedor Prokoshin, G. Sauvage, A. A. Minaenko, E. Perrin, R.J. Staley, M. Kulseth, Bt Huffman, K. Efstathiou, C. Raine, V. Flaminio, S. Semenov, M. Gold, C. Bourdarios, D. Schamberger, J. David, D. Wells, T. Ohsugi, P. H. Hansen, A. Vanyashin, R. C. W. Henderson, Andrei Kiryunin, Stanislav Nemecek, H. Hakopian, V. Tchmil, Enrique Sanchis, Riccardo Paoletti, J. Gara, E. E. Kluge, P. Sutcliffe, J. Soulhat, D. Lissauer, M. Stedron, Nicola Labanca, Portuguesa U., Figueira da Foz Nova U., Lisboa, Vasile Mihai Ghete, K. Nurdan, Jemal Khubua, Parker, G. Gogiberidze, R. Heeley, Franz E. Bauer, B. Di Girolamo, M. J. Shochet, Alexandre Rozanov, T. Kobayashi, R. Pose, Claudio Santoni, A. Napier, A. Le Van Suu, M. G. D. Gilchriese, J. A. Strong, G. Gorfine, Pavel Shatalov, B. Ye, W. Tribanek, Hasko Stenzel, A. Nozdrin, P. Sinervo, S. Gadomski, Joey Huston, E. Usenko, Denis Salihagic, L. Hinz, Kevin M. Smith, W. Witzeling, Gerald Oakham, N. Meric, C. Billat, Olga Botner, P. Starovoytov, L. S. Vertogradov, Erez Etzion, B. J. Saunders, Krzysztof Korcyl, Amnon Harel, O. Milgrome, F. Rohrbach, J. C. Vermeulen, J. Sondericker, R. Lefèvre, J.C. Hewlett, M. Kollefrath, A. Radu, Juan Antonio Garcia Pascual, I. R. Kenyon, J. A. Wilson, G. Pauletta, V. Tocut, X. Riccadonna, R. G. Wagner, David Robinson, A. Kojine, M. O'Neil, D. Kiesilewska, Milos Lokajicek, Alexander Solodkov, F. Astesan, H. Danielson, M.J. Murtagh, M. Sosebee, F. Marullo, C. Bacci, Miguel Ullan, K. H. Ackermann, A. N. Karyukhin, J.M. Rey, A. Mitra, E. Mazzoni, G. Scherberger, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, W. Bertoli, T. W. Jones, Peter Chochula, E. Pace, T. Conka, Norbert Wermes, Shlomit Tarem, G. Tarle, Hong Ma, S. Norton, Z. Krumstein, S. Almehed, R. J. Teuscher, D. England, A. Leger, Marcel Vreeswijk, Adriaan Koenig, Carmen García, L.S. Osborne, D. Laugier, Edmond L. Berger, J. L. Schlereth, N. Palaio, Edda Gschwendtner, P. Lichard, A. Lanza, V. Rehmann, Stanislav Pospisil, E. Acerbi, Michael Schernau, S. J. M. Peeters, Z.D. Thome, R. Garabik, A. White, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Steven Goldfarb, C. Fukunaga, E. Blucher, R. Chadelas, H. Singpiel, Mariusz Sapinski, M. J. Price, C. J. Oram, L. Wampler, B. Lundberg, M. Olcese, Karlheinz Meier, M. Kopytine, G. Meddeler, D. R. Botterill, B. Chiladze, C. Meessen, Jiri Dolejsi, A.V. Selikov, V. O. Tikhomirov, M. Aleppo, C. Biscarat, I. Turk, V. M. Romanov, Leonid Kurchaninov, A. Olshevski, S. Rescia, V. Teterin, J. D. Dowell, Pawel Grybos, Gunter Quast, A. Macpherson, A. M. Segar, Gilbert Poulard, H. Niggli, P. M. Mockett, A. B. Lazarev, Fares Djama, Hiderou Yoshida, Jean-Francois Laporte, John Scott Whitaker, R. J. Apsimon, K. K. Gan, F. Cevenini, J. Thadome, J. Kubasta, K. Kornmesser, L. P. Says, P. Carlson, A. Berejnoi, Namig Javadov, Tamar Djobava, L. Martin, Serkant Ali Cetin, V. Iamburenko, K. A. Johns, Britt Anderson, M. C. Edwards, D. Karmanov, J.M. Pentney, A. Mailov, C. Arnaud, P.W. Dunne, G. Schuler, Hisaya Kurashige, G. Belot, R. W. Stephens, C. Berriaud, J. Lesueur, C. Olivier, M. J. Oreglia, G. Volpini, B. Beaugiraud, Dmitri Melikhov, R. P. Middleton, Clara Troncon, Alessandro Cardini, W.J. Willis, N. Dressnandt, L. Blanquart, H. van der Graaf, J. P. Schuller, J.M. Ma, Carlos Moreno Martinez, Emmanuel Monnier, M. Dosil, Xin Wu, A. R. Weidberg, A. A. Grillo, João Carvalho, E. Borissov, E. G. Zverev, M. Belov, Y. Morita, Cesare Bini, J. A. Parsons, C. Hauviller, E.U. Ladygin, L. Popov, M. Asai, N. Massol, Masaharu Nomachi, Y. Tanaka, M. Imori, D. P. Stoker, Y. A. Gornushkin, P. Werneke, H. Sanders, M. Sinor, J.R. Hubbard, Are Strandlie, Uli Schaefer, Alison Holmes, D. Fortin, M.Yu. Bogoliubsky, Craig Buttar, A. P. Vorobiev, S. Negroni, G. N. Taylor, R. J. Sobie, D. Greenfield, Pierre Jarron, Dominique Pallin, James Pinfold, Michele Livan, R. E. Blair, P. Kubinec, J. Armitage, Halina Bilokon, R.W. Hatley, E. Delagnes, S. Cheng, M. Kostrikov, T.-M. Chou, F. Butin, B. Tanoren, D. A. Forbush, Fernando Marroquim, R. Engelmann, Marco Schioppa, F. Cerutti, Z. Sun, Gerard Montarou, W. J. Metzger, V. Tchepournov, Graham Thompson, G. Tzanakos, Anton Jusko, H. O. Ogren, D. Errede, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, N.A. Russakovich, F. Kaioumov, H. Carling, C. Linder, M. Dameri, E. Spencer, Ryszard Stroynowski, A. Duchesneau, Jan Godlewski, E. Fede, Andrei Snesarev, J. Klereborn, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, A. Moszczynski, B. Aubert, M. Ryabinin, B. Dulach, David Howell, P-Y. Duval, J. D. Hansen, Sanda Dita, H. Wu, T. P. A. Åkesson, Ladislav Andricek, A. Joshi, C. Gruhn, Francesca Campabadal, Th. Lagouri, Elliott Cheu, V. Goryatchev, M. Virchaux, M. Boosten, A. Kazymov, P. Amaral, N. Hoimyr, F. R. Wappler, Fabian Huegging, A. M. Zaitsev, O. Cloue, E. Neuheimer, G. Chlachidze, R. W. Clifft, Ilias Efthymiopoulos, John Huth, Y. Fu, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. Borgeaud, S. Moccia, V.J.O. Perera, Claude Leroy, V. Kallinikov, V. V. Ammosov, A. Fedorov, Igor Potrap, A. Dael, L. E. Price, R Chytracek, Masahiro Ikeno, Alan Litke, M. Mazzanti, A. A. Carter, M. Engstrom, Vadim Kostyukhin, M. Luptak, J.G. Lynch, Aldo Saavedra, F. Andre, M. Blagov, V. Jemanov, Francesco Lacava, Philip Phillips, E. K. Johansson, U. Egede Anderson, R. Bonino, J.L. Chevalley, Jing Li, M. Fedotov, E. Casarejos, G.F. Xu, S. Kakurin, Pavlos Ioannou, D. Buira-Clarke, A. Manz, A. Pacheco, D.M. Hughes, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Richard H. Milburn, H. H. Williams, Stephen Haywood, I. Ivaniouchenkov, Yu. Merekov, H. Dietl, Alexei Maslennikov, Paul O'Connor, F. Parodi, T. Sasaki, M. Ackers, J. P. Dauvergne, C. Bohm, José Paulo Santos, Steinar Stapnes, F. Bertinelli, Valery Schegelsky, R. J. Thompson, Ilya Korolkov, Tim Jones, E. Spiridenkov, Giuseppe Mornacchi, E.J. Buis, M. G. Alviggi, P. Holik, C. N. P. Gee, S. Dubnicka, S. L. Lloyd, Stephen Maxfield, Bin Zhou, S. J. De Jong, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, Claudia Gemme, M. Speransky, H. Fujii, P. Staaf, Vladimir Vinogradov, F.P. Juster, JG Sanchez, F. Cataneo, A. Feshenko, M. Turala, A. Putzer, Z. Oussoubov, V. Boldea, R. Dankers, Ivan Sykora, Armin Michael Nairz, M. Ljablin, Tadeusz Kowalski, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, W.K. McFarlane, P. Rewiersma, K. Borer, S. Kolos, R. Lay, Aleandro Nisati, An. Zalite, G. Battistoni, P. Imbert, Marek Idzik, O. Gachelin, G. Perrot, G. Polesello, G. L. Usai, J.P. Taguet, D. Rousseau, T. Fahlund, J. Budagov, A. Pazin, Michel Lefebvre, H. Landesman, Igor Alexandrov, Th.A.M. Wijnen, I. M. Gregor, V. Paolone, H. Guldenmann, Juan Fuster, F. Henry-Couannier, A. Reichold, Helio Takai, M. Webel, H. van Hille, J. Riabov, P. Girtler, Sonia González, S. Loken, Dimos Sampsonidis, H. Kristiansen, D. J. Munday, A. Webster, L. Drage, Jozef Masarik, Oliver Kortner, M. Rey-Campagnolle, M. Crouau, J-P. Coulon, A. Gomes, R. Caloi, Marco Fraternali, V. A. Gapienko, J.K. Mayer, V. G. Bondarenko, J. Kaplon, M. Schaller, Dirk Meier, M. E. Sevior, R. E. Hall, C. Del Papa, B. Szeless, F. Lugiez, M. Ibbotson, Y. B. Pan, B. Sellden, K. Kipiani, R. Kowalewski, H. Brettel, Giovanni Maccarrone, Vaclav Vrba, H. Kagan, A.Yu. Dushkin, Paula Eerola, F. Lemeilleur, G. Parrour, J. Petersen, A. R. Gillman, C. Caso, F. Desages, R. Kluit, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, J. Ernwein, Petra Riedler, Francois Touchard, Y. Usov, R. K. Mommsen, A. Placci, C. Hackett, P. Birney, A. T. Watson, A.S. Vovenko, Domizia Orestano, L. Zhichao, A. Marshal, Zdenek Dolezal, T.P. Shah, R. Lednicky, R. Marshall, D. J. White, C. Onions, L. Bugge, Abdeslam Hoummada, B. Gastineau, G. G. Hanson, S. Tatsis, B. McCarthy, L. Topchishvili, J. Damet, G.G.G. Massaro, Y. Pabot, B. Schoefer, R. A. Richards, B. Yu, J. Grunhaus, C. De La Taille, G. Bachy, A. Dos Anjos, G.J. Tappern, L. Xue, Elizabeth Gallas, A. B. Fenyuk, Halina Abramowicz, Cristian Stanescu, D. Attree, Ovsat Abdinov, Marko Mikuz, G. F. Susinno, N. Lupu, B. Alikov, T. J. Brodbeck, Claudio Luci, M. Mur, A. Soldatov, S. Los, R. Boyd, M. L. Andrieux, J. Freestone, Hans Peter Beck, W.W. Armstrong, A. Akhoundov, M. A. Shupe, P.G. Bright-Thomas, V. Shigaev, D. Hauff, M. Qi, R. Gomes, F. Machefert, A. V. Pleskach, Ch. Guicheney, A. Gazizov, G.G. Stairs, V.D. Khovansky, A. Khelashvili, R. Van Berg, C. Daum, E. Vernay, T. Del Prete, John Rutherfoord, Massimo Caccia, P. R. Norton, V. Kozlov, Maria Curatolo, V. Khomoutnikov, S. Tokar, P. D. Grannis, V. Zmouchhko, Ehud Duchovni, Vladimir Peshekhonov, P. Coe, José Bernabéu, M. Roney, A. Seiden, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A. Nadtochy, M. Deile, B.F. Wadsworth, O. Kuznetsov, Paolo Musico, Helmut Wolters, S. Lauxtermann, C. Weaverdyck, Peter Schacht, Y. Zolnierowski, V. Kalinichenko, J. Soukup, R. Gurin, Filippo Ceradini, Manolis Dris, B. Vuandel, S. Chouridou, M. Treichel, S. Berglund, Nicolas Ellis, M. Napolitano, Jorge Gomes, Michael Haney, A. T. Doyle, L. Labarga, N. Giokaris, S. J. Hillier, F. Hakl, Satoshi Tanaka, Andrei Micu, António Amorim, C. Rondot, J. Teiger, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, V.V. Tikhonov, D. Burckhart, A. Chilingarov, Irene Vichou, B. A. Dolgoshein, Leanne P. Guy, M. Vanickova, L.J. Carroll, W. Sippach, G. J. Bobbink, M. S. Dixit, Francisco Camarena, V. Medvedev, Yann Coadou, G. Ciapetti, G. Yarygin, Laurent Serin, John Hill, Alain Bellerive, L. Nodulman, A. Le Coreller, Igor Soloviev, Venetios Polychronakos, Gregor Kramberger, J. Pinhao, J. M. Maugain, Gary Drake, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Susumu Terada, Andreas Kugel, P.A. Fischer, M.V. Castillo, K. Amako, Y. Ermoline, J. Bohm, L. Miralles, R. Cherkaoui, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, B.J. Green, François Fleuret, A. B. Wicklund, Hubert Kroha, P. Karst, Asunción Moreno, M. I. Gostkin, E. Chesi, G. J. Feldman, S. Protopopescu, N. Seguin-Moreau, C. Girard, X. Meng, Chiara Roda, J. Bystricky, M. Leltchouk, S. Lami, J. Thion, B. Hallgren, A. Shikanyan, D.C. Rahm, Dominique Durand, S.N. Tovey, K. Soustruznik, S. Kashigin, S. Golubykh, E. Ros, A.B. Erasov, Fr Pastore, A. Batrakov, Kevin Einsweiler, O. Dorholt, I.L. Pisarev, Yu M. Sviridov, L. Koepke, N. Kundu, P. Weilhammer, A. Khasanov, V. Paschhoff, H. M. Braun, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, J.C. Pena, S. Pier, T.R. McMahon, F. Vales, Dorothee Schaile, R. Ball, J. N. Jackson, Per Werner, R. Irsigler, Genady Gavrilov, R.L. Wastie, D.E. Baynham, I.J. Scott, W. Kittel, Y. Zamora, V. Kravtsov, I. Valin, S. Jagielski, Allan Hallgren, R. J. Homer, Antonio Baroncelli, Ulrich Landgraf, Yu.V. Gilitsky, A. Shalyugin, G. W. Brandenburg, Aston Komar, F. Podlyski, L. Shaver, J-C. Clemens, J-P. Richer, B. Sopko, A. I. Kononov, Stefan Valkar, H. Cunitz, Y. Kulchitsky, P. Perrin, Lorne Levinson, Phillip Gutierrez, I. Wilhelm, J. Knobloch, E. Fokitis, B. Esposito, Anna Kaczmarska, M. H. Lehto, Dusan Bruncko, M. Postranecky, Mark Hatch, V.G Ivochkin, V. Rumyantsev, A. J. Lankford, J. Wuestenfeld, D.V. Camin, G. Renzoni, V. Golikov, T. Kuhl, A. Cavallari, Eugene P. Gross, R. Barratt, Z. Quian, O. Palamara, J.B. Lane, S. Malyukov, A. Hacinliyan, Serban Constantinescu, Adele Rimoldi, Richard Nickerson, S. Kotov, D. Tompkins, R. Fakhroutdinov, C. Lasseur, Georgios Stavropoulos, A. Akhmedov, Y. Velikzhanin, G. A. Smith, Marcin Wladyslaw Wolter, B. Madeyski, S. Schael, Edoardo Gorini, Houlden, B. Martin, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, P. Paschalias, A. Ostankov, D. Martin, C. Petridou, C. Bouzakis, M. Rouger, M. Nozaki, Ian Dawson, J. Soderqvist, M.I. Levchuk, Juan Bautista Roldán, Ulf Mjörnmark, C. Havet, B. Stugu, Mikhail Ignatenko, Carlos Lacasta, H. Higon, W.D. Lu, Baturitsky, Francis Anghinolfi, Monika Wielers, C. F. Feng, W. Blum, Elzbieta Richter-Was, D. R. Rust, Martin Aleksa, F.T. Khalilzade, Josue J. Lopez, G. Rudolph, N. Bingefors, U. Karshon, Tiefu Zhao, B. Kocper, J. Siegrist, I. Savin, M. J. Costa, C. Yanagisawa, H. F. Hoffmann, Luis Hervas, J. Schaapman, O. Le Dortz, H. Weerts, Francois Vazeille, J. McDonald, A. Gordeev, Saverio D'Auria, O. Solovianov, E. Arik, C. Couyoumtzelis, Alexey Dudarev, E. C. Katsoufis, P. Modesto, Pierre Petroff, C. Bromberg, S. Zimin, Silvia Resconi, A. Liparteliani, R. Chechik, Michael L. Barnett, Valery I. Telnov, R. D. Kass, C. H. Daly, C. Grigson, L. Santi, I. Lehraus, J. Colas, Marzio Nessi, Hiroto Kambara, S. Vorozhtsov, R. Ayad, X.Q. Yu, R. Davis, W. L. Ebenstein, F. Fares, D. Nicod, Ralph Bock, Andrey Ostapchuk, Y. V. Grishkevich, V. Batarin, G. Eigen, Yu.M. Antipov, B. Sundal, P. Gauzzi, Emilio Petrolo, J. Belorgey, F. K. Loebinger, P.S.L. Booth, S. N. Shilov, Z. Trka, F.L. Linde, Gideon Bella, S. Backovic, Peter Sherwood, D. Mercer, Eduard Kladiva, A. Farilla, Y. Unno, Tohru Takeshita, Alexander Mann, O. Gildemeister, Vicente González, S. P. Denisov, S. Behrends, A. Henriques, M. Y. Kazarinov, F. Grancagnolo, D. Sauvage, M. Abolins, Göran Jarlskog, S. Ruehl, D. Myers, G. Kantardjian, Sergey Chekulaev, F. Bergsma, O. Cakir, A. Fallou, B. Epp, Ph. Cros, Joseph A. Paradiso, F. Giancomini, Igor Mandić, P. Jovanovic, D. Hill, M. Zamani, D.E. Dorfan, A. Kandasamy, B. Dick, E. Eisenhandler, T. Kurca, S. Petrera, S. Alforque, Davide Costanzo, M. Nagamatsu, J.D. Richardson, V. Tcherniatine, E. Kuper, W. Iwanski, J. Ota, K. Jelen, J. A. Bogaerts, Jason Lea Oliver, G. Aielli, G. Tong, V. Epchtein, L. La Rotonda, M. Yakimenko, Mauro Citterio, Emmerich Kneringer, Nikolay Nikitin, Michel Gouanère, Mihai Niculescu, W. E. Cleland, Donatella Cavalli, P. Evtukhovich, P. Haridas, Rudiger Voss, F. Etienne, G. Lenzen, P. E. L. Clarke, Peter Loch, D. Dzahini, G.L. Bashindjagian, Mario David, N. Felt, E. L. Barberio, R. Fedorchuk, W. Mohr, T. Schmid, V. Vuillemin, Didier Lacour, P. Grenier, D. La Marra, L. Mandelli, A.N. Larichev, T. K. Ohska, G. Mikenberg, C. Schumacher, M. J. Woudstra, S. Kiourkos, H. G. Moser, V.V. Sytnik, S. Vanini, Fred Wickens, Shawn McKee, J. Del Peso, P A. Delpierre, R.W. Dobinson, R. von Boehn-Bucholz, J. Sodomka, N. Sasao, F. Hartjes, R. Berthier, P.A. Cooke, H. Chakir, M. Merkin, J. Spelt, P. Stavina, V. Maximov, R.R. Mekhdiyev, M. Sessler, Jörgen Sjölin, P. Ponsot, E. Badescu, L. Vassilieva, J. Ulrichs, A. Pilling, D.V. Amelin, J. Wotschack, R. Nacasch, G. H. Trilling, D. Stephani, Richard C. Jared, Howard Gordon, F. Hogbe-Nlend, P. Pailler, Werner Riegler, R.A. Madsen, Jinan, I.G. Knowles, S. Sultansoy, Craig Blocker, D. Cauz, Ronald E. Miller, Gregor Herten, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Delebecque, A. Mirea, Chiara Meroni, M. P. J. Landon, Jose Flix, A. Joudon, Stefan Simion, Peter Kluit, J. E. Pilcher, Matteo Cavalli-Sforza, Alevtina Shmeleva, A. Klovning, Yona Oren, Daniel Fournier, Vladimir Cindro, H. Tischhauser, R. P. Thun, M. Moynot, Gibson, R. Wunstorf, Viktor Kramarenko, E. Gornicki, V. J. Guarino, J-Y. Hostachy, Helmuth Spieler, J. Bremer, J. Rabel, Paolo Bagnaia, A.M. Moiseev, Raimund Ströhmer, V. Simak, and A. T. Goshaw

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Atlas (topology), Atlas detector, Bibliography, Drell–Yan process, Technicolor, Supersymmetry, Particle detector, Technical design
Published
1999
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38. [Renal cancer and late pancreatic metastases. Apropos of 3 cases and review of the literature]

Author

J P, Faure, J P, Richer, J, Irani, D, Bon, T, Dugue, and M, Carretier

Subjects
Time Factors, Angiography, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Middle Aged, Nephrectomy, Kidney Neoplasms, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Pancreatectomy, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell, Aged, Ultrasonography
Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumour which can always give rise to metastases, usually situated in the lungs, bone and liver. In contrast, pancreatic metastases are exceptional and can occur late. The authors report three cases of metachronous pancreatic metastases, 1, 4 and 10 years after nephrectomy. The procedures performed consisted of Whipple procedure, tumour excision and total duodenopancreatectomy. Although rare when isolated to the pancreas, these metastases can justify even audacious pancreatic resection.

Published
1998

39. In situ measurement of the electron drift velocity for upcoming directional Dark Matter detectors

Author

Daniel Santos, Q. Riffard, J. P. Richer, G. Bosson, L. Lebreton, D. Maire, J. Billard, O. Guillaudin, J. Lamblin, O. Bourrion, F.J. Iguaz, F. Mayet, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Drift velocity, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Track (disk drive), Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Scale (descriptive set theory), MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Computational physics, Sampling (signal processing), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Axion, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Three-dimensional track reconstruction is a key issue for directional Dark Matter detection and it requires a precise knowledge of the electron drift velocity. Magboltz simulations are known to give a good evaluation of this parameter. However, large TPC operated underground on long time scale may be characterized by an effective electron drift velocity that may differ from the value evaluated by simulation. In situ measurement of this key parameter is hence needed as it is a way to avoid bias in the 3D track reconstruction. We present a dedicated method for the measurement of the electron drift velocity with the MIMAC detector. It is tested on two gas mixtures: CF4 and CF4 + CHF3. The latter has been chosen for the MIMAC detector as we expect that adding CHF3 to pure CF4 will lower the electron drift velocity. This is a key point for directional Dark Matter as the track sampling along the drift field will be improved while keeping almost the same Fluorine content of the gas mixture. We show that the drift velocity at 50 mbar is reduced by a factor of about 5 when adding 30% of CHF3., 19 pages, 14 figures. Minor corrections, matches published version in JINST

Published
2014
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40. [Technique for protecting the liver graft less tolerant than the small bowel to heat-induced ischemia in experimental liver + small bowel transplantation in swine]

Author

J P, Richer, J P, Faure, T, Dugue, F, Journe, D, Bon, N, Maillot, D, Mothes, J, Barbier, and M, Carretier

Subjects
Swine, Research, Intestine, Small, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Liver Transplantation
Abstract

Multivisceral and orthotopic liver/small bowel transplantations have been performed to treat patients with intestinal failure associated with liver failure induced by parenteral nutrition. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the experimental liver-small bowel harvesting and transplantation technique that achieves the best compromise between liver and intestine ischemia times in pigs. Initial portal revascularization of the liver which reduces the hepatic warm ischemia time after cold ischemia preparation of the graft immersed in lactated ringer's solution at 4 degrees C, reduce the risk of primary non function of the graft.

Published
1997

41. <u>MIMAC</u>: A micro-tpc matrix for dark matter directional detection

Author

F.J. Iguaz, J. Billard, Q. Riffard, I. Giomataris, J. P. Richer, O. Guillaudin, D. Santos, Efrain J. Ferrer, G. Bosson, Ch. Fourel, F. Mayet, O. Bourrion, J. Lamblin, J. L. Bouly, D. Maire, J.F. Muraz, L. Lebreton, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), MIMAC, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (IRSN/PRP-HOM/SDE/LMDN)

Subjects
History, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Cosmology, Particle identification, Education, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computer Science Applications, Dark matter halo, Halo, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The dark matter directional detection opens a new field in cosmology bringing the possibility to build a map of nuclear recoils that would be able to explore the galactic dark matter halo giving access to a particle characterization of such matter and the shape of the halo. The MIMAC (MIcro-tpc MAtrix of Chambers) collaboration has developed in the last years an original prototype detector based on the direct coupling of large pixelized micromegas with a devoted fast self-triggered electronics showing the feasibility of a new generation of directional detectors. The discovery potential of this search strategy is discussed and illustrated. In June 2012, the first bi-chamber prototype has been installed at Modane Underground Laboratory (LSM) and the first underground background events, the gain stability and calibration are shown., Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Large TPCs for low energy rare event detection, Paris, December 2012

Published
2013
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43. [Human ontogeny of the left colon. Fetal stage]

Author

J P, Richer and M, Sakka

Subjects
Male, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Colon, Humans, Female, Gestational Age
Abstract

Foetal evolution of bowel is the result of unequal growth of its segments and abdominal constraint of pressure. Caecum and appendix on the cranial and right side of intestine torsion differentiate colic anlage. Left colon observations in 20 foetus reveal a dorsal peritoneal fusion between 12 and 17 weeks: Progressive growth of left colon and meso, without dorsal fixation, beyond left kidney and subrenal gland. First mesocolon fixation at the left kidney. A tunnel persist between this fusion and the primitive mesocolon root. Radial advance of peritoneal fusion up to sigmoid mesocolon, with disappearance of the tunnel. Peritoneal fusion confirmed by histology.

Published
1994

44. [Arterial risks in celiosurgery]

Author

J P, Richer, L, Bainier, D, Margerit, M, Morin, M, Carretier, P, Kamina, and J, Barbier

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Radiography, Abdominal, Adolescent, Umbilicus, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Laparoscopy, Aorta, Abdominal, Vascular Diseases, Child, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Aged
Abstract

It is important to recognize exceptional vascular events in celiosurgery because of their gravity. Most occur during pneumoperitoneal manoeuvres using a Palmer needle and rarely at the insertion of the first trocar. We performed a tomodensitometric study in 200 subjects free of abdominal pathology in order to determine the distance from the umbilicus to the aortic bifurcation, their projection over the spine and the superficial relations of the large vessels to the cutaneous umbilical cover. Generally, the projections of the umbilicus, and also the aortic bifurcation, lie over L4. The distance between the skin and the large retroperitoneal vesses is generally equal to one-third of the antero-posterior abdominal diameter. In thin subjects with a flat abdomen however, this distance may be smaller, even less than 3 cm. These findings emphasize the importance of "safety" manoeuvres during celiosurgery, especially during the learning period.

Published
1994

45. [Volvulus of the superior mesenteric area and congenital variation of the colonic fixation. Human Ontogenesis and Physiopathology. Apropos of a case in an adolescent]

Author

J P, Richer, M, Sakka, G, Levard, E, Lefort, M, Carretier, and J, Barbier

Subjects
Male, Radiography, Colonic Diseases, Adolescent, Colon, Duodenum, Humans, Pancreatic Diseases, Mesentery, Duodenal Diseases, Pancreas, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract

Volvulus of the superior mesenteric territory involving the left and transverse colon is rare. Congenital variations of intestinal fixation have been implicated. We report a case observed in an adolescent which illustrates this hypothesis. There was a fixation of pancreatosplenic region and the left colic angle. The duodenopancreas and the right, transverse and left colon were mobile. Human ontogenesis of the colon could provide a pathophysiologic explanation. During foetal development, the intestine results from unequal growth of the different segments which undergo pressure from the different intra-abdominal contents. The fixation of the different parts of the intestine are independent from each other. Specific circumstances are required for variations in congenital fixation of the colon to led to late events responsible for mechanical volvulus.

Published
1994

46. [Follow-up of elderly patients previously treated for uncomplicated acute lithiasic cholecystitis]

Author

D, Margerit, J L, Kraimps, J P, Richer, M, Carretier, and J, Barbier

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Gallstones, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic, Cholelithiasis, Recurrence, Acute Disease, Cholecystitis, Humans, Cholecystectomy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Surgery is usually indicated in elderly patients with acute lithiasic cholecystitis although single antibiotics are often used for patients over 75 with complex medical histories and major visceral lesions. In our series of 45 patients, no new biliary pathology was seen in 26 (57.8%) after a mean follow-up of 40 months. In 15 patients, acute cholecystitis recurred and in 4 a stone found in the common bile duct. No deaths were associated with biliary pathology. While antibiotics appear to have an immediate beneficial effect, medium and long term results are mediocre. Percutaneous cholecystectomie however would be a satisfactory technique for external drainage even though mortality related to other pathologies is high.

Published
1994

47. Data acquisition electronics and reconstruction software for real time 3D track reconstruction within the MIMAC project

Author

D. Santos, F. Mayet, J. P. Richer, O. Bourrion, C. Grignon, G. Bosson, J. L. Bouly, O. Guillaudin, J. Billard, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MIMAC

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Track (disk drive), 3D reconstruction, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Software, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematical Physics, Energy (signal processing), Data transmission
Abstract

Directional detection of non-baryonic Dark Matter requires 3D reconstruction of low energy nuclear recoils tracks. A gaseous micro-TPC matrix, filled with either 3He, CF4 or C4H10 has been developed within the MIMAC project. A dedicated acquisition electronics and a real time track reconstruction software have been developed to monitor a 512 channel prototype. This autotriggered electronic uses embedded processing to reduce the data transfer to its useful part only, i.e. decoded coordinates of hit tracks and corresponding energy measurements. An acquisition software with on-line monitoring and 3D track reconstruction is also presented., Comment: Proceedings of TWEPP-11, Vienna, Austria, 26-30 September 2011

Published
2011
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49. [Appendix in a left crural herniated position: apropos of a case. Explanation by human ontogenesis]

Author

M, Scepi, J P, Richer, and J, Muller

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Radiography, Colon, Appendectomy, Cecal Diseases, Humans, Enema, Female, Appendix, Barium Sulfate, Hernia, Femoral, Aged
Abstract

The authors report about one case of left crural strangulation containing the appendix. The right flexure of the colon is fixed in its usual infrahepatic position. The ascending colon, on the other hand, floats, and the cecum is in a left iliac position. An ontogenic explanation is proposed, on the basis of recent anatomical work, and compared with traditional hypotheses about the evolution of the gastrointestinal tract in relation to the development of the peritoneum.

Published
1993

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