Search

This article focuses on the characterization of auriferous deposits, identification of hitherto unknown Roman mining infrastructure remains, and the early attempts of exploitation carried out in north-west Iberia. The research has combined airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) and field prospection to explore the geomorphological signature and landscape transformation resulting from Roman mining works in two unknown sectors of the western Duero Meseta. The integration of geological and remote sensing information contributed to extend the Roman's mining domains, traditionally focused on the river headwaters of the north-west. The article explores the complex hydraulic system developed in the Jamuz and lower sector of the Eria river valleys, as well as the evidence of open-cast mining and their relationship with the Roman army. The results suggest that the highly dispersed and reduced dimensions of the mining sites correspond to a selected method of gold prospection, employed for the identification of viable exploitation sectors. Thus, the initiation of the mining works could have started in the Jamuz valley and developed systematically in this area, to subsequently spread towards the upstream sectors and nearby valleys. This research contributes to gain new insights into the extension and complexity of the mining infrastructure, indicating the importance of the gold-bearing rana deposits within the framework of Roman gold mining in north-west Spain.

Introduction Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff disorders is a technically demanding but successful procedure. Many anchor and suture alternatives are now available. The choice of the implant by the surgeon is less important than the configuration of the suture used to fix the tendon, however it is necessary to know if there are differences in the results, using each one of them. The aim of the study is to evaluate if there are differences between the knotted and non-knotted implant in terms of functional and satisfaction results. Material and methods A retrospective study was carried out on 83 patients operated between 2010 and 2014 in our center using 2 anchoring systems with and without knotting (39 versus 44 patients respectively), with single row in complete rupture of the rotator cuff. Results At the end of the follow-up, an average score was obtained on the Constant scale of 74.6 points. 98% of the patients considered the result of the surgery satisfactory. Statistically, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of functionality, satisfaction or reincorporation to activities. Discussion and conclusions The functional results of the single-row cuff suture are satisfactory, although biomechanical studies show advantages in favor of sutures that reproduce a transoseo system. It our series of patients the presence of knotting does not show per se a significant functional difference being both superimposable techniques in absolute values of functionality and patient satisfaction.

Resumen Introduccion La reparacion artroscopica de los trastornos del manguito rotador es un procedimiento tecnicamente exigente pero exitoso. En la actualidad hay disponibles muchas alternativas de anclas y suturas. La eleccion del implante por parte del cirujano es menos importante que la configuracion de la sutura usada para fijar el tendon, no obstante hay que conocer si existen diferencias en cuanto a los resultados, utilizando cada uno de ellos. El objetivo del estudio es valorar si existen diferencias entre el implante anudado y no anudado en cuanto a resultados funcionales y de satisfaccion. Material y metodos Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo en 83 pacientes intervenidos entre 2010 y 2014 en nuestro centro mediante 2 sistemas de anclaje con y sin anudado (39 frente a 44 pacientes respectivamente), con hilera simple en rotura completa de manguito rotador. Resultados Una vez finalizado el seguimiento, se consiguio una puntuacion media en la escala de Constant de 74,6. Un 98% de los pacientes, consideraron el resultado de la cirugia como satisfactorio. A nivel estadistico no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en parametros de funcionalidad, satisfaccion ni reincorporacion a actividades. Discusion y conclusiones Los resultados funcionales de la sutura de manguito mediante hilera simple son satisfactorios, aunque estudios biomecanicos muestran ventajas a favor de suturas que reproducen un sistema transoseo. En nuestra serie de pacientes la presencia de anudado no muestra per se una diferencia funcional significativa siendo ambas tecnicas superponibles en valores absolutos de funcionalidad y satisfaccion de los pacientes.

Boeing Research & Technology Europe has designed, developed and subsequently bench and flight tested, in a wide range of different operative conditions, an electric Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) powered by a hybrid energy source. The energy source features a 200 W e Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system fed by a chemical hydride hydrogen generator that produces highly pure hydrogen at the fuel cell operating pressure from the controlled hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride (NaBH 4 ), resulting in 900 Wh of energy from 1 L of chemical solution. Equipped also with high specific energy Lithium Polymer batteries, this fuel cell powered UAV is able to achieve flight durations close to 4 h. This paper summarizes the aircraft and systems design, the results of the bench and flight tests along with the main challenges faced during this development and the lessons learned for future optimization.

Background There is still controversy about which preservation solution in pancreas transplantation could be the best. The aim of this study was to analyze our initial experience with Custodiol solution (CuS) compared with Viaspan solution (VS) and Celsior solution (CS) in pancreas transplantation. Methods A retrospective study included 94 consecutive pancreatic transplants, from 2007 until 2015. We compared 3 groups, depending on preservation solution: Viaspan (n = 41), Celsior (n = 40), or Custodiol (n = 13). The primary end point was patient and pancreas survival at 1 year after pancreas transplantation. Results The recipient and donor characteristics were similar except in cold ischemia time; it was higher with Celsior. No differences were found in postoperative complications and pancreas graft function at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year (glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, creatinine). The pancreas and patient survival at 1 year was comparable (pancreas survival: VS, 80%; CS, 90%; CuS, 92%; log-rank, 0.875; and patient survival: VS, 92%; CS, 97%; CuS, 100%; log-rank, 0.9). Conclusions In our institution, the Custodiol solution in pancreas transplantation presented similar outcomes in terms of postoperative complications, pancreas graft function, and 1-year survival.

The cavitation erosion resistance of four alloys used to repair worn turbines by welding was tested in laboratory. AWS E309 alloy (3 layers) and a High-Cobalt stainless steel (2 and 3 layers) were applied by manual process (SMAW) onto ASTM A743 grade CA6NM stainless steel (commonly known as 13-4 steel) and their cavitation resistance was compared to that of conventional alloys E410NiMo (applied by SMAW) and a ER410NiMo (applied by semiautomatic process GMAW). The microstructure of the weld deposits was studied by Light Optical Microscopy (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the chemical composition was analyzed by Optical Emission (OES) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDXS). Cavitation erosion tests were performed in an ultrasonic tester according to ASTM G32 standard and the worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The best cavitation erosion resistance of all the materials tested was shown by the High-Cobalt stainless steel coating applied in 3 layers, while the AWS E309 presented the highest value of maximum erosion rate. Conventional E410NiMo and ER410NiMo alloys showed an intermediate behavior. Incubation periods were 10.9 h and 21.5 h for High-Cobalt stainless steel in 2 and 3 layers, respectively, and 1.4 h for the 13-4 steel. In High-Cobalt stainless steel samples, occurrence of austenite-to-martensite phase transformation and profuse formation of twins and slip lines at the worn surfaces were observed.

The slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of six thermal spray coatings were studied in laboratory and compared to that of an uncoated martensitic stainless steel. Nickel, chromium oxide and tungsten carbide coatings were applied by oxy fuel powder (OFP) process and chromium and tungsten carbide coatings were obtained by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process. The microstructure of the coatings was analyzed by light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings was measured in a vibratory apparatus according to ASTM G32 standard and the slurry erosion tests were carried out in a modified centrifugal pump in which the samples were conveniently placed to guarantee grazing incidence conditions, as well as in a high velocity jet erosion testing machine. The results showed that the slurry erosion resistance of the steel can be improved up to 16 times by the application of the thermally sprayed coatings. On the other hand, none of the coated specimens showed better cavitation resistance than the uncoated steel in the experiments. The main mass removal mechanisms observed in all the coatings submitted to slurry erosion were micro-cutting and micro-ploughing as well as detachment of hard particles. In cavitation erosion, OFP coatings showed brittle fracture and microcracking, and in nickel-based coatings some ductile deformation was also observed. In HVOF coatings, detachment of small particles led to coalescence of pores in WC/Co coatings while in CrC coatings the main wear mechanism was brittle fracture of particles.

The annual variation in condition of the mullet Mugil incilis Hancock has been studied in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), The largest coastal lagoon on the Colombian Caribbean, with emphasis on the influence of such environmental factors as salinity, temperature and trasparence of the waters on the condition of this species of Mugilidae. Seasonal differences observed in condition of M. incilis are evidently related to gonadal development and depend on food availability. The diet of M. incilis is based on detritus and its food supply seems to be very influenced by river discharge which also accounts for the salinity changes in the lagoon, this explains the inverse correlation (r = -0.82) found between salinity and condition of the mullets expressed as C = 0.9949 - 0.0057 S (°/oo). Annual salinity variation follows a rhythmic pattern of seasonal changes, not precisely "in situ", but in distant continental regions: the headwaters of the tributaries of the CGSM. These mullets spawn in Caribbean waters adjacent to the CGSM and their migration period (Dec-March) begins with their best physical condition, returning to their feeding areas in the CGSM 2 or 4 weeks later, until the end of the migration, with their lowest condition since these mullets apparently do not feed at all during the spawning migration. No change related to temperature variations was observed, and turbid waters were the rule in M. incilis feeding sites.

Hydrogen embrittlement plays an important role in environmental cracking of prestressing steel wires. The ammonium thiocyanate test (ATT) was implemented as a standard for determination of their susceptibility to environmentally assisted fracture. However, ATT reveals neither how hydrogen induced fracture (HIF) goes on in steel nor the roles of important manufacturing and service factors. To this end, the knowledge of the residual stresses and plastic strains in wires due to cold drawing, as well as the hydrogenation from harsh environments, are the keys to successful predictions of wire lives. This paper advances previous analyses of HIF in cold drawn prestressing wires via numerical modelling, firstly, of the cold drawing process to obtain the distributions of residual stresses and plastic strains, and secondly, of the stress–strain assisted hydrogen diffusion in wires towards creation the conditions for HIF nucleation. Generated results prove the relevant role of residual stress-and-strain field in hydrogen diffusion in the wires, as well as their possible consequences for HIF.

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are uncommon anomalous communications between the venous cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system. We present two cases studied at our center. We show the characteristic CT, MRI, and orbital ultrasound findings and review the relevant literature.

Salinity changes in the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta and Pajarales Complex coastal lagoon system in northern Colombia, and their relation with local rainfall, tributaries' streamflow and ENSO, are analyzed. Being markedly low (!1321 mm yr 1 ), local rainfall is assumed to be in- significant for mean salinity changes. The non-linear model proposed explains the variations in salinity and tributaries' streamflow with ENSO intensity, measured as Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) anomaly. Streamflows are directly and salinity inversely correlated with SOI. Model analysis allowed to discriminate between natural and hydraulic management situations and also how the occurrence of different environmental scenarios reflected on salinity changes. The link between global climate variability and local conditions becomes clearer and worthy to be brought into account in management and decision making processes dealing with continental as well as other marine and coastal aquatic environ- ments in the Caribbean region. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Las afecciones de la rodilla constituyen una de las principales causas de consulta medica, tanto en Atencion Primaria como en Atencion Especializada, asi como una importante limitacion funcional del paciente al trastornar la marcha. En las primeras decadas de la vida predominan la patologia condral (condromalacia y osteocondritis) y los tumores, los traumatismos en la tercera y cuarta decadas, y los procesos degenerativos, a partir de la quinta. La rodilla es una articulacion bicondilea, desde un punto de vista anatomico, y troclear desde un punto de vista mecanico. Su principal movimiento es la flexoextension. Posee dos componentes claramente diferenciados: la articulacion femorotibial y la patelofemoral. Esta disenada, sobre todo, para aportar estabilidad al cargar peso y en la movilidad y locomocion. Sin embargo, es muy inestable lateral y medialmente. La estabilidad de la rodilla viene dada por la morfologia de la articulacion, las estructuras capsulo-ligamentosas y meniscales (que proporcionan la estabilidad pasiva) y, la estructura muscular, fundamentalmente el cuadriceps, que proporciona la estabilidad activa. En este articulo se refieren sus principales metodos de exploracion y se definen los criterios diagnosticos sindromicos: sindrome femoropatelar o rotuliano, sindrome sinovial, sindrome de inestabilidad de rodilla y sindrome meniscal. Ademas, se consigna sinteticamente la patologia: yuxtaarticular o periarticular, la articular de la rodilla (de origen traumatico, inflamatorio, degenerativo, tumoral, etc.), la intrinseca y las patologias relacionadas con ella, asi como los factores agravantes. La evolucion diagnostica y terapeutica de estos procesos ha experimentado importantes avances en los ultimos anos, especialmente la cirugia artroscopica, que ha permitido un cambio radical en la terapia de las lesiones articulares y ha reducido los tiempos de recuperacion funcional de los pacientes, que se exponen (con el asesoramiento de expertos) junto a los criterios de valoracion de incapacidad permanente, en el apartado de menoscabo funcional y organico. Estos avances junto a la importancia epidemiologica de las lesiones de rodilla, sumamente frecuentes y con gran numero de secuelas, por tratarse de una articulacion compleja y de carga, han motivado su seleccion a la hora de realizar el protocolo de valoracion, cuyo objetivo es ayudar a los medicos de Atencion Primaria en la dificil tarea de resolver en su practica clinica diaria, las solicitudes de incapacidad temporal y orientar las solicitudes de incapacidad permanente en esta materia.

In the self-levitating configuration, the magnetic field created by the armature is capable of producing forces for the bearing, i.e. axial and radial forces, and torque. As it has been reported, the motor can work in two regimes. First synchronous mode, when the load angle does not exceed a certain value and second hysteresis mode, when the load angle is greater than 180°. In this type of motor, the speed is limited by the losses in the iron armature. In order to avoid these losses, ironless armatures need to be used. An obvious problem associated with such armatures is the high current density required to power the motor. In order to accomplish these high current values, we have included in the design of the armature a transformer that adapts its impedance to that of standard power sources. In this case, the iron acts as a yoke of the transformer and in the short term, it may be possible to substitute it by other magnetic materials such as ferrites enabling to operate the motor at higher frequencies. In this configuration iron has been eliminated from the magnetic circuit of the motor. The armature thus incorporates two machines working independently, a high frequency transformer and an ironless armature. Torque curves of the prototype will be reported.

The non-crystalline 13C spin–lattice relaxation times of atactic and isotactic polypropylene and those of an ethylene–1-octene copolymer of low crystallinity have been measured by classical inversion and saturation recovery methods as well as by a cp MAS-based pulse sequence. The latter is a saturation recovery-type sequence that involves cross-polarization. It samples preferentially the soft non-crystalline regions of semicrystalline polymers. The method is found to be useful in determining T1C of the amorphous regions of semicrystalline iPP at room temperature. It is found that the atactic PP molecule and the non-crystalline iPP regions have the same average segmental relaxation rate. The T1C of some of the carbons investigated was

IntroductionMadness and creativity are thought to be related from ancient ages. Nowadays, thanks to new scientific developments and researches we are able to identify common genetic and brain patterns between creativity and psychosis.ObjectivesTaking the inspiration of a psychotic patient with some shocking drawings, we want to get deep into the actual knowledge about the relation between creativity and psychosis.MethodsCase report and bibliographic review.ResultsA 19-year-old man was brought to the hospital after having been found making strange rituals in the public way. In the anamnese he showed to have experienced mystic delusions and hallucinations. He made some particularly creative drawings.We made a review which showed that this patients may have a diminished latent inhibition, which could make them experiencing usual live irrelevant stimuli as something very exciting and creative at the same time. Genome wide association studies show also that people having creative jobs and psychotic patients share some genes, which could be linked to this abnormal latent inhibition.ConclusionsLatent inhibition abnormalities could be related with psychosis and creativity. There are differences within the course of people having this oversensibility, which could be explained due to the presence of protective and risk factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Introduction22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency due to micro-deletion on the large arm of chromosome 22. Patients suffer from several anomalies, including metal illness, that such the case we present, mean a warning sign for further study.MethodsTwenty-one years-old male, with psychotic symptoms, typical of schizophrenia, behavioral disorders and mental confusion, plus epileptic episodes and psychomotor agitation. Two previous incomes with the diagnosis of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. Treated with anti-psychotics at low doses with inter-episode stability.BackgroundPrematurity, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, generalized seizures, otitis and recurrent urinary tract infections, hypernasal voice, poor academic performance, difficulty relating. Physical examination: hypernasal voice, furred tongue, dysmorphic faces, scoliosis, hipotanía, stereotypes, delusions, auditory hallucinationsd negative symptoms.ResultsWe considered the possibility of a neurodevelopmental disorder, with a multidisciplinary approach, resulting in the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and velocardiofacial syndrome, which had gone unnoticed. Mean doses of clozapine, haloperidol and topiramate were used. He accepted psychiatry and other specialties follow-up, since it requires a complex and multidisciplinary approach.ConclusionsDefinition of velocardiofacial Syndrome and lack of consensus on terminology:– syndrome 22q11.2 DS as genetic subtype of schizophrenia? Opportunity to study the pathogenesis of schizophrenia;– the importance of a comprehensive approach to early diagnosis, clinical improvement and preventing complications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

IntroductionThe pathophysiology of psychosis is not fully discovered yet. However, during the last years many different risk factors are shown to prove to have a strong influence within the development of this pathology. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of them.ObjectivesShow TBI as a psychosis development risk factor.MethodsCase report. A clinical vignette is presented followed by the results obtained in a bibliographic review.ResultsA young 19-year old immigrant man, who lives with his parents in a social exclusion situation is brought to the hospital after having been observed making estrange religious rituals within a local river. During the anamnese he declares that God is “getting in touch with him” while he shows to be changed, with suspicion about being pursued. He also reveals to have suffered a mild-severe TBI with 8 years, having right ear audition problems since then. During the hospitalization some medical test were done, such as MRI, showing the lack of the inner right ear, as well as white matter abnormalities in his right hemisphere, which could be consequence of the TBI. Those findings make us think that this pathology might have been influenced, within other factors, by the traumatic brain injury.ConclusionsThis bibliographic review shows that traumatic brain injury may increase the risk of developing psychosis up to 65% from healthy controls, with a medium gap of 3.3 years between the TBI and the appearance of psychotic pathology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The ameloblastomas are benign odontogenic tumors locally aggressive that between 15-20% are located in the upper maxillary. The maxillary ameloblastomas have worse forecast than their mandibular homologous upon presenting greater index of postsurgery relapses and a greater percentage of malignancy. Their proximity to nasal cavity, orbit and skull base suppose a risk added by the probability of extension to these structures.

The behavior of the 4f systems is strongly influenced by the crystal field interaction as is evidenced in most of their magnetic properties. A systematic analysis of these properties can thereby be used to extract general trends for the determination of this fundamental interaction through the crystal field parameters. Although for cubic systems it is sufficient the information provided by the inelastic neutron scattering method, in low symmetry systems a single experiment is not usually enough, leading to several admissible possibilities. In order to determine without ambiguity the crystal field parameters it is then necessary to consider the information drawn from different magnetic properties in a self-consistent way. To illustrate these ideas some selected examples in tetragonal REAg2 and RENi2Si2 systems will be presented and discussed.

Background: There is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis. Methods: We identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, hadCD4+ cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4+ cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting. Results: Out of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis. Conclusion: With the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Several small-scale SC rotating machines have been developed based on HTS bulk materials. Up to now, the role of the SC has been restricted to the rotor where no coil has been required. Despite the difficulty of building classical coils with ceramic materials, we have developed suitable geometries which can be built by machining melt textured YBCO pellets. In this work, we describe a multiphase armature designed to be made starting HTS ceramic pellets. The field created is designed to interact with a disc-shaped rotor producing both the torque and the forces to maintain it in working conditions. Calculations of the field in the rotor cavity generated by the armature in the working conditions are also reported.

Inelastic neutron scattering and paramagnetic susceptibility techniques have been jointly employed to study the Crystalline Electric Field (CEF) coupling in the intermetallic compound HoAg 2 , which crystallizes within the MoSi 2 -type structure. The observed inelastic scattering spectra exhibit a large number of well defined CEF transitions from 0.7 to 15 meV in excitation and de-excitation processes according to the temperature. A change in sign of the anisotropy of the paramagnetic susceptibility is observed around 75 K and nonlinear temperature dependences are measured at low temperatures for the reciprocal susceptibility. Despite the number of characteristic features to be described, fitting the results of only one of these two experiments does not lead to a unique set of CEF parameters. On the contrary cross checks between the two techniques are necessary to determine a common solution. This consistent determination reveals a weak second-order CEF contribution and suggest several consequences on the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties.

Resistivity magnetization and specific heat measurements of SmGa2 are reported. The magnetic behaviour is discussed taking into account the properties of the other rare earth Ga2 compounds, and considering the special situation of the multiplet level scheme in SmGa2. The experimental results are consistent with the existence of a long period commensurate amplitude modulate structure below TN = 21 K, which evolves towards an antiphase one at temperatures lower than T t ≊ 9 K .

Thermal expansion on CeNi0.8Pt0.2 polycrystalline samples has been studied by means of strain gauges and neutron thermodiffractometry in the 2–300 K temperature range. From the magnetic contribution, we obtain information about the Gruneisen parameter, the crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting and the Kondo character of this compound. The neutron diffraction patterns show the coexistence of two phases with the same crystallographic structure over the whole temperature range studied.

A complete overview of the magnetic properties of CeNi x Pt 1- x , (CeLa)Ni x Pt 1- x and (CeY)Ni x Pt 1- x , low symmetry systems are presented. Emphasis is made in the general agreement with the theoretical Kondo lattice model, anisotropy effects, the existence of a y-a like transition, under pressure in CeNi and resistivity anomalies.