Search

Background The comparative gender-specific outcome after PCI in real-world practice is limited. We investigated the gender difference in the 5-year outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A retrospective study. nationwide PCI registry. All PCI performed in Korea in year 2011 (N=48,783). Outcomes adjusted with age and propensity for clinical characteristics were compared. Primary outcome was 5-year cumulative incidence of major adverse clinical event (MACE) consisting of all-cause death, revascularization, shock, or stroke. Results In unadjusted analysis, women (N=15,710) were older (69.7±9.7 versus 62.0±11.1 year) and had higher frequency of comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes compared to men (N=33,073) (p Conclusions The apparent worse outcome in women can be explained by older age and more common comorbidities in women. After adjusting these disadvantages, women had better outcome after PCI than men. Our result suggests presence of the reversal paradox in the gender-specific outcome following PCI. Women vs men, 5 year outcome Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Objective In percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stent (DES) showed better clinical outcome compared to bare-metal stent (BMS) but mostly with different DAPT durations. This study investigated the clinical superiority of DES over BMS with regard to the medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Methods We retrospectively enrolled all Koreans PCI patients in year 2011 (n=47,291). Medication adherence to DAPT was assessed by proportion of days covered (PDC) per 6 months. Analysis adjusted with the clinical propensity for receiving DES or BMS and DAPT PDC of the first 6 month was performed. Primary outcome was the 5-year major adverse clinical event (MACE) risk consisting all-cause death, revascularization, shock, or stroke. Results Patients with DES (n=46,356) showed higher PDC (78% versus 60%, p Conclusions Good medication adherence to DAPT in the first 6 month was prerequisite for better clinical outcome in both DES and BMS. DES with poor adherence to DAPT showed worse outcome compared with BMS with good adherence. Impact of medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Recurring outbreaks linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7-contaminated lettuce and Salmonella enterica-contaminated sprouts highlight the need for improved food safety measures. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a bio-based antimicrobial extract prepared from switchgrass, a dedicated energy crop, to reduce E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium populations on Formica coupons, a model food-contact surface. Overnight cultures of ~7 log CFU/mL E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, air-dried on Formica coupons were treated with 0.625% NaClO, 70% ethanol, sterile water or different batches of switchgrass extractives (SE1, SE2, and SE3) for up to 30 min. E. coli O157:H7 was reduced by 4.43 log CFU/mL after 1 min by SE3, and to non-detectable levels after 1 min by all other treatments. Populations of S. Typhimurium LT2 (15-min drying) were reduced by 3.30 log CFU/mL with 70% ethanol, 5.38 log CFU/mL with SE1, and to non-detectable levels with 0.625% NaClO after 1 min, while S. Typhimurium ATCC 23564 (1-h drying) was non-detectable after 1 min by all treatments. Under soiled conditions, 10-min treatment with SE1 and 70% ethanol reduced both bacteria to non-detectable levels. Studies with concentrated switchgrass extractives combined with various other natural disinfectants or in hurdle approaches warrant further investigation.

concentrations with the largest plants being obtained at 200 mg L-1 N treatment in the PM+PL mix and 100 mg L-1 N treatment in the PM+VM mix. The substrate ECs in these two treatments were 0.89 and 1.41 dS m-1 indicating that the desirable range of soluble salts in soil extracts is higher in the PM+VM mix than the PM+PL mix. Results of this study suggest that fertilizer strengths need to be adjusted differently for each root substrate formulation to produce high quality seedling grafts of tomato.

Attempts to dope carbon nanotube (CNT) with impurities in order to control the electronic properties of the CNT is a natural course of action. Boron is known to improve both the structural and electronic properties. In this report, we study the field emission properties of Boron-doped double-walled CNT (DWCNT). Boron-doped DWCNT films were fabricated by catalytic decomposition of tetrahydrofuran and triisopropyl borate over a Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst at 900 oC. We measured the field emission current by varying the doping amount of Boron from 0.8 to 1.8 wt%. As the amount of doped boron in the DWCNT increases, the turn-on-field of the DWCNT decreases drastically from 6 V/μm to 2 V/μm. The current density of undoped CNT is 0.6 mA/cm2 at 9 V, but a doped-DWCNT sample with 1.8 wt% achieved the same current density only at only 3.8 V. This shows that boron doped DWCNTs are potentially useful in low voltage operative field emitting device such as large area flat panel displays.

The importance and interests for saving of energy and cost in industry has grown up. Therefore, process optimization to reduce the process and energy become one of the most important things. The non-heat treated steel, post-heat-treated is no necessary, has attractive points as structural materials. However, establishment of mechanical properties is necessary to apply non-heat-treated steel to structural parts. In this study, for non-heat-treated steel and pre-heat-treated steel, we have investigated microstructure, hardness, the tensile strength, compressive strength. And the FE analysis technology to predict the hardness value of forged part is developed on micro-alloyed steel forged part.

The use of composite materials in many engineering structures has increased recently. The structures are jointed together by single or multiple bolted mechanical fastening to transfer the loads from one member to another. Applications of such joints require adequate knowledge of stress distribution in the vicinity of the boundary of pin hole. In this study, stress analysis is conducted with finite element method to study the stress distributions in the vicinities of both single-pin and multi-pin loaded holes of multi-axial warp knit fabric composite laminates. The perfect fit condition and contact with friction between the pin and hole without lateral constrain are assumed in the analysis. Effects of friction, stacking sequence, ratio of edge distance over hole diameter, ratio of width over hole diameter, number of pins, number of rows, number of column and hole patterns are evaluated. The results show they have a significant influence on joint performance.

An experimental search for WIMP using CsI(Tl) crystals(KIMS) is being prepared at the underground laboratory, Cheongpyung, Korea. Characteristics and internal background of CsI(Tl) crystal have been investigated in detail to develop highly sensitive detector for WIMP search. The background at the underground laboratory is measured and shielding design has been done with an optimization with a MC study. The result of detector development and prospect of KIMS experiment is reported.

For inverter heat pumps and multi-type heat pumps, conventional expansion devices such as capillary tubes, short tube orifices, and thermostatic expansion valves (TXVs) are being gradually replaced with electronic expansion valves (EEVs) because of the increasing focus on comfort and energy conservation. In this study, the effects of off-design refrigerant charge on the performance of a water-to-water heat pump are investigated by varying refrigerant charge amount from 20% to +20% of full charge in a steady state, cooling mode operation with expansion devices of capillary tube and EEV. The characteristics of the heat pump with an EEV are compared with those with a capillary tube. The capillary tube system is more sensitive to off-design charge as compared with the EEV system. Cooling capacity and COP of the EEV system show little dependence on refrigerant charge, while those are strongly dependent on outdoor conditions. In general, for a wide range of operating conditions the EEV system shows much higher performance as compared with the capillary tube system. The performance of the EEV system can be optimized by adjusting the EEV opening to maintain a constant superheat at all test conditions.  2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

One of difficulty of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) applying to air flow measurement is the detection and tracking of high speed fine tracer particles to the digital image. Tc capture and to track particle's images, an unique multi-illumination technique and a particle tracking algorithm are developed, and the technique has been applied to the measurement of a complex air flow around an axial flow fan with a flow velocity of about 6 m/s. In this paper, the details of procedure of the air flow measurements are presented.

Turbulent heat transfer in a two-dimensional serpentine channel with a series of right-angle turns was numerically studied. The standard k—e model was incorporated for turbulence closure. The governing equations were solved by the finite volume technique. The numerical model was validated by comparing the predicted Nusselt number distributions with the experimental data obtained by the naphthalene sublimation technique. The comparison of numerically predicted values of average Nusselt number with the experimental data was fair with a maximum error of 17.4%. Calculations were made for a wide range of geometric and flow parameters (Re = 15 000–60 000). Consideration was given to high (Pr = 7.0) and low (Pr = 0.7) Prandtl number fluids. Correlations for average Nusselt number and frictional factors were developed using the method of least squares. Heat transfer was found to be more sensitive to the Reynolds number in a high Prandtl number fluid than for a low Prandtl number fluid. The maximum values of heat transfer enhancement and friction factor were found in channels with a relatively small undulation height (1–1.5 times the channel width).

We study N-anyon of the α-statistics in a uniform magnetic field, to investigate certain properties of the ground state of a fractional statistics. Using the improved bosonic end-perturbation theory, we obtain the first order perturbative energy shift of the ground state energy. It is realized that there exists a second order perturbative energy with Landau levels.

We have installed and applied the developed nonintrusive type physiological data monitoring methods in already existing normal apartment style house. Physiological data are collected from beds, toilet seat and sensors installed throughout rooms. Collected data are transmitted by wireless communication to the home server, which collects, processes and finally transmits data to central server. Home server communicate with central server through installed high-speed Internet line. By the monitoring windows, doctors and caring staffs can access collected data on central server.

We have studied the response of Tl-doped and Na-doped CsI crystals to nuclear recoils and $\gamma$'s below 10 keV. The response of CsI crystals to nuclear recoil was studied with mono-energetic neutrons produced by the $^3$H(p,n)$^3$He reaction. This was compared to the response to Compton electrons scattered by 662 keV $\gamma$-ray. Pulse shape discrimination between the response to these $\gamma$'s and nuclear recoils was studied, and quality factors were estimated. The quenching factors for nuclear recoils were derived for both CsI(Na) and CsI(Tl) crystals., Comment: 21pages, 14figures, submitted to NIMA

patients according to findings on white light endoscopy. Targeted biopsies were taken and assigned a histological grade using the Harpaz score (0 = normal or inactive chronic colitis, 1 = mildly active chronic colitis, 2 = moderately active chronic colitis, 3 = severe chronic active colitis). The pathologist was blinded to the endoscopy findings. Mucosal pattern on iSCAN was graded as 1 = normal, 2 = mosaic pattern, 3 = roundish rosette, 4 = tubular-gyrus, 5 = nodular roundish rosette. The vascular pattern was graded as 1 = normal, 2 = drop-out vessels, 3 = spiral isolated vessels, 4 = crowded tortuous vessels, 5 = honeycomb irregular crowded vessels. iSCAN appearance was correlated with endoscopic Mayo subscore (0 3) and histologic Harpaz score by using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: There was a high degree of correlation between the I-SCAN scores and histological grading and the Mayo endoscopy subscore. I-SCAN mucosal pattern was significantly correlated with Harpaz score (rs = 0.759; p < 0.00001). Similarly, iSCAN vascular pattern was significantly correlated with Harpaz score (rs = 0.520; p = 0.0002). The overall iSCAN score was also significantly correlated with Harpaz score (rs = 0.6702; p < 0.00001). Finally, endoscopic Mayo subscore was also significantly correlated with overall iSCAN score (rs = 0.802; p < 0.00001). However in patients with a Mayo subscore of 0 (9 patients), seven patients had abnormal vascular pattern and 6 patients had abnormal mucosal pattern and 3 patients had abnormal histology according to Harpaz score. Conclusions: A high degree of correlation was demonstrated between iSCAN mucosal and vascular pattern scores and the Mayo subscore and Harpaz grading. However, patients with endoscopic Mayo subscore 0 demonstrated high proportion of abnormal vascular pattern and mucosal pattern on iSCAN colonoscopy. The significance of this needs to be further explored.

Chemical vapor deposited tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) films have been a promising dielectric material for a storage capacitor in high-density DRAM with three-dimensional cell architecture, due to its higher dielectric constant than that of conventional SiO2 or Si3N4/SiO2 films. The effective dielectric constant of Ta2O5 films is influenced by the thickness of interfacial lower-dielectric Si02 layer which could be a native oxide or a thermally grown oxide during deposition and annealing. In general, the capacitor with the thinner SiO2 layer has the larger effective dielectric constant. In this work, the capacitor structure films prepared with or without RTN treatment, which was performed to inhibit the growth of SiO2, were studied by various TEM techniques.Two samples were prepared to compare the characteristics of the Ta2O5 films fabricated with or without RTN treatment Ta2O5 films were deposited on a phosphorus-doped polysilicon on a p-type silicon substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD).