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Plants synthesize specialized metabolites to defend themselves against pathogens. These active compounds, when isolated and identified, can be used as template for fungicide development. Based on field observations, Heteranthera reniformis (kidney leaf mudplantain) could potentially synthesize compounds with antifungal activity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the fungicidal activity of H. reniformis leaf extracts on Bipolaris oryzae development. The activities of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of H. reniformis leaves were tested on mycelial growth, sporulation, and colony morphology. Due to the highest inhibition of B. oryzae sporulation, methanol extract was chosen for concentration tests. The effect of methanol extract on B. oryzae spore length and germination was also evaluated. Methanolic extract was the most active in inhibiting B. oryzae sporulation. The morphology of the colonies is altered when the fungus grows in medium containing H. reniformis leaf extracts. Higher concentration of methanol extract stimulates mycelial growth and suppresses B. oryzae sporulation. There are reductions in length and number of germinated B. oryzae spores caused by methanol extract of H. reniformis leaves. Methanolic extract has compounds with antifungal activity and should be subjected to bioassay-guided isolation for purification and identification of these active compounds.

AIM Evaluate the therapy impact of initial staging in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by 18 F-choline PET/MRI hybrid technique. MATERIAL A prospective study which included 31 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer; Gleason > 7; mean PSA 13.6 ng/mL (range 6.3-20.6). PET/MRI studies were acquired simultaneously with hybrid equipment (SIGNA.3T, GE) following intravenous injection of 185 ± 18.5MBq of 18F-choline: - Early/prostate imaging: PET emission + multiparametric MR: DIXON-T1-T2-diffusion-gadolinium. - Late/whole-body imaging: PET emission + MR: DIXON-T1-T2-diffusion-STIR sequences. Images were visually evaluated. SUV & ADC & textures were also calculated. Treatment selection was based upon Oncology Committee consensus decision. RESULTS Procedure was well tolerated in all patients, and no artifacts were reported. MRI was superior in T staging in eight patients (25.8%) (Likert: 2-3), whereas PET increased MRI sensitivity in three patients (9.7%) (PIRADS: 3). PROSTATE LESION LOCATION Peripheral 91.4%, transitional 8.6%. SUVmax threshold: 2.95: sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 66.7%. No correlation SUV vs. ADC. Better distinction between stage T2 vs. T3 using the DiscrLin model with NG = 16 (AUC 0.7767 ± 0.3386). PET was superior to T2 in textures analysis (0.588 vs. 0.412). Seventeen patients (54.8%) were staged ≥ T3, with surgical treatment being contraindicated. Fifteen patients (48.4%) presented with extra-prostatic disease: 8/31 oligometastatic and 7/31 multiple metastasis. Therapy approach following PET/MRI was: radical treatment in 24/31 patients (77.4%), 14 radical prostatectomy and 10 MRI-guided radiotherapy; systemic treatment in 7/31 patients (22.6%). CONCLUSION 18F-choline PET/MRI had a complementary role for the T staging, with a high detection rate for NM infiltration. PET/MRI findings allowed patients to be directed either to prostatectomy or MRI-guided radiotherapy, and thus avoiding radicaltreatment in 22.6% of patients.

Aim Evaluate the therapy impact of initial staging in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by 18F-Choline PET/MRI hybrid technique. Material A prospective study which included 31 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer; Gleason >7; mean PSA 13.6 ng/mL (range 6.3–20.6) PET/MRI studies were acquired simultaneously with hybrid equipment (SIGNA.3T, GE) following intravenous injection of 185 ± 18.5 MBq of 18F-Choline: - Early/prostate imaging: PET emission + Multiparametric MR: DIXON-T1-T2-diffusion-gadolinium. - Late/whole-body imaging: PET emission + MR: DIXON-T1-T2-diffusion-STIR sequences. Images were visually evaluated. SUV & ADC & Textures were also calculated. Treatment selection was based upon Oncology Committee consensus decision. Results Procedure was well tolerated in all patients, and no artefacts were reported. MRI was superior in T staging in 8 patients (25.8%) (Likert: 2–3), whereas PET increased MRI sensitivity in 3 patients (9.7%) (PIRADS: 3). Prostate lesion location Peripheral 91.4%, transitional 8.6%. SUVmax threshold: 2.95: sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 66.7%. No correlation SUV vs ADC. Radiomics: Better distinctiion between stage T2 vs T3 using the DiscrLin model with NG = 16 (AUC 0,7767 ± 0,3386). 68 variables, more frequently PET than T2 (0.588 vs 0.412) Seventeen patients (54.8%) were staged ≥ T3, with surgical treatment being contraindicated. Fifteen patients (48.4%) presented with extra-prostatic disease: 8/31 oligometastatic and 7/31 multiple metastasis. Therapy approach following PET/MRI was: radical treatment in 24/31 patients (77.4%): 14 radical prostatectomy and 10 MRI-guided radiotherapy; systemic treatment in 7/31 patients (22.6%). Conclusion 18F-Choline PET/MRI had a complementary role for the T staging, with a high detection rate for NM infiltration. PET/MRI findings allowed patients to be directed either to prostatectomy or MRI-guided radiotherapy, and thus avoiding radical treatment in 22.6% of patients.

Resumen Introduccion Estandarizar los protocolos de adquisicion de 18F-Colina PET/TC, que permitan evitar la interferencia urinaria, evaluar el mejor tiempo del estudio de cuerpo completo y valorar si la «doble fase» permite la diferenciacion entre lesiones benignas frente a malignas. Metodo Estudio prospectivo que incluye 100 pacientes con cancer de prostata: 31 estadificacion y 69 recidiva bioquimica (32 posprostatectomia y 37 posradioterapia). Adquisicion pelvica inmediatamente tras inyeccion de 18F-Colina y estudio de cuerpo completo, 1 y 2 h p.i. Calculo de media SUVmax por territorios en todos los estudios secuenciales. Analisis de medias (χ2) y porcentaje de cambio del SUV (2/1 h; 1 h/0 min). Patron de dinamica metabolica: acumulativo frente a aclaramiento. Seguimiento tras tratamiento en todos los pacientes y de forma dirigida, cuando eticamente es posible. Resultados Cincuenta y tres focos prostaticos, en ninguna de las imagenes precoces actividad urinaria: Patron acumulativo en 42, porcentaje de aumento: 0 min/1 h: +16,7% (X2 0,94); 1/2 h: +10,0% (X2 0,83). Patron aclaramiento en 11, porcentaje de reduccion: 0 min/1 h: 21,4% (X2 0,91); 1/2 h: −7,7% (X2 0,85), correspondiendo en 7 a estadificacion y 4 a posradioterapia. Todos los focos infradiafragmaticos (n: 24) mostraron dinamica acumulativa, porcentaje de aumento: +9,1% (χ2 0,97), todas ellas visibles en el primer estudio. De los 12 focos supradiafragmaticos, 8 mostraron aclaramiento, porcentaje de reduccion: −13,0% (χ2 0,95). Los otros 4 dinamica acumulativa, porcentaje de aumento: +13,0% (χ2 0,96), siendo valorados invasivamente. Todos los focos oseos (n: 18) mostraron dinamica acumulativa, porcentaje de aumento: +17,1% (χ2 0,95), todas ellas visibles en el estudio 1 h. Conclusiones En la valoracion prostatica la mejor tecnica doble fase es 0 min/1 h. En la diferenciacion de adenopatias supradiafragmaticas es aconsejable la tecnica de doble fase: 1/2 h. Para la infiltracion infradiafragmatica y osea, ante hallazgos dudosos, las imagenes 2 h aumentan la confianza diagnostica.

Aim To standardize acquisition protocols for 18F-Choline PET/CT to prevent from urine interference, to determine the best time point for the whole-body study, and to assess whether “dual point” acquisition allows for differentiating malignant vs. benign lesions. Methods One hundred consecutive patients with prostate cancer were prospectively studied. Immediately after 18F-Choline injection, a pelvis study was acquired, and a whole-body was subsequently obtained 1 and 2 h p.i. Mean SUVmax was obtained in regions and for every sequential imaging. Mean analysis (χ2) and SUV percentage change (2/1 h; 1 h/0 min) were obtained. Metabolic pattern dynamics were assessed: accumulative vs. clearance. Patient follow-up after therapy and directed classification whenever ethically possible were performed. Results Fifty-three prostate foci, without disturbing urinary activity was ever found on early images. Accumulative pattern in 42, with percentage increase was: 0 min/1 h: +16.7% (χ2 0.94); 1/2 h: +10.0% (χ2 0.83). Clearance pattern in 11, with percentage decrease: 0 min/1 h: −21.4% (χ2 0.91): −7.7% (χ2 0.85), corresponding in 7 to initial staging and in 4 post-radiotherapy biochemical recurrence. Every infradiaphragmatic uptake (n: 24) showed accumulative pattern, with percentage increase of +9.1% (χ2 0.97), all of them depicted on early imaging. As for 12 supradiaphragmatic uptake, 8 of them showed clearance pattern with percentage decrease: −13.0% (χ2 0.95). Accumulative pattern showed in 4 of them with percentage increase +13.0% (χ2 0.96), thus being assessed as invasive/malignant. Every bone uptake (n: 18) showed accumulative pattern, with percentage increase: +17.1% (χ2 0.95), all of them depicted on 1 h imaging. Conclusions As for prostate assessment is concerned, dual point at 0 min/1 h proved to be the best procedure. As for supradiaphragmatic lymph-nodes detection, dual point with 1/2 h performed best. As for infradiaphragmatic and bone involvement, as well as for inconclusive findings, the 2 h imaging increased our diagnostic confidence.

Objective To assess the detection rate of 18F-Choline PET/MRI and subsequent changes in therapy approach for patients with prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy and with rising levels of PSA Methods Prospective study with our first 36 patients with prostatectomy for prostate cancer and rising levels of PSA, who were referred for an 18F-Choline PET/MRI study. A dual-phase study was acquired after intravenous administration of 185 ± 10% MBq of 18F-Choline: (1) early imaging (immediately after tracer administration) of prostate area (emission PET/Multiparametric MRI). (2) Whole-body imaging 1 h after tracer injection (emission PET/MRI: T1, T2, STIR, diffusion). The therapy approach for patients was decided upon the Oncology Committee consensus based on 18F-Choline PET/MRI findings. Results Twenty out of 36 patients (55.6%) were positive for the 18F-Choline PET/MRI study: 8 (22.2%) within the prostatectomy bed, 7 (19.4%) with infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, 4 (11.1%) with local recurrence and infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, and 1 (2.8%) with bone metastasis. Sixteen out of the 36 patients (44.4%) were negative for the 18F-Choline PET/MRI study. 18F-Choline PET/MRI findings had an impact on the therapy approach to follow: 15 patients (41.6%) showed oligometastatic disease which was treated by imaging-guided radiotherapy, 5 (13.9%) with multiple metastatic disease were treated by androgen deprivation therapy, 16 (44.4%) negative were under active surveillance. Conclusion Hybrid 18F-Choline PET/MRI procedure showed a high detection rate for recurrence in prostate cancer patients treated with prostatectomy and rising PSA levels

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la tasa de deteccion de la PET/RM con 18F-colina y los cambios en el manejo terapeutico de los pacientes con cancer de prostata tratados con prostatectomia que presentan elevacion del PSA Metodo Estudio prospectivo de los 36 primeros pacientes con cancer de prostata tratados con prostatectomia, con elevacion de PSA Tras la administracion de 185±10% MBq de 18F-colina se ha adquirido un estudio en dos fases: 1) precoz prostatica (inmediatamente tras la administracion del trazador): emision PET/RM multiparametrica. 2) Estudio una hora postinyeccion de cuerpo completo: emision PET/RM: T1, T2, STIR, difusion. El comite oncologico ha decidido la estrategia terapeutica de los pacientes segun los hallazgos de la PET/RM con 18F-colina. Resultados De los 36 pacientes, 20 (55,6%) han mostrado positividad del estudio PET/RM con 18F-colina: en 8 (22,2%) lecho de prostatectomia, en 7 (19,4%) adenopatias infradiafragmaticas, en 4 (11,1%) recidiva local y adenopatias infradiafragmaticas, en 1 (2,8%) una metastasis osea. De los 36 pacientes, en 16 (44,4%) el estudio PET/RM con 18F-colina ha sido negativo. Los hallazgos de la PET/RM con 18F-colina han condicionado la estrategia terapeutica: en 15 pacientes (41,6%) enfermedad oligometastasica tratada con radioterapia guiada por la imagen, en 5 (13,9%) enfermedad multimetastasica tratada con privacion androgenica, en 16 (44,4%) negativo en vigilancia activa. Conclusion La tecnica hibrida PET/RM con 18F-colina ha demostrado una elevada tasa de deteccion de la recidiva en los pacientes tratados con prostatectomia que presentan PSA

With the evolving nature of the business world, it has become a modern necessity to have a diverse workforce. As such, human resources professionals and managers must be prepared for the redesign of their organizations to be more inclusive throughout their formal hierarchies. Although the overall attitudes have become generally more feminist, the unfortunate reality is that women continue to face internal and external barriers which act as a ceiling to their career development and advancement. Rather than viewing the paucity of women in management positions as a problem because of public disdain towards gender disparities within the workplace, this paper emphasizes that organizations should view this as an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage, given that having more women in leadership positions is correlated to improved organizational performance. The main argument of this research is that gender diversity can lead to better outcomes for an organization; in addition to this, research demonstrates that the inclusion of more women within management positions may also encourage a transformational leadership style, which could potentially lead to sustainable growth for a company. Throughout this paper, using the methodology of reviewing recently published literature, this paper demonstrates the fact that the glass ceiling is detrimental to the economic development of both women and the companies as institutional barriers seem to persistently block them from equitable advancement opportunities. Using published data and expert analysis, we provide suggestions and recommendations for the creation of an inclusive work environment where all employees can have fair and transparent progress based on their goals and qualifications. The “glass ceiling” literature has empirically demonstrated that managers can reduce the negative gender-based stereotypes by empowering more qualified women to take on leadership responsibilities. At the meantime, professionals can serve as advocates in their local governments to create and change laws that are unfair and unjust. All local leaders, managers and employees must promote the benefits of diversity to build and encourage inclusion in the workplace. Furthermore, all organizations can improve their inclusion training so their employees can keep an open mind regarding diversity. With the application of the recommended skills and suggestions, coupled along with public awareness and advocacy for equity in hiring and promotion decisions, the “glass ceiling” can certainly be eliminated in all organizational settings. Keywords: glass ceiling, discrimination, wage gap, inclusion, gender equality, mentoring, and career development.

Background: The resistance of weeds to herbicides is a problem that has been increasingly studied because of its great importance in agriculture and rapid growth of this phenomenon worldwide. The quick detection of resistant plants is extremely important for resistance management. Weed resistance to herbicides can be detected through field, greenhouse and laboratory tests. A fast way of detecting resistance is using tissue culture method, where is possible to use resistant plant clones and obtain results faster than whole-plant method in greenhouse. Objective: The aims of the research were to detect the resistance of blackjack to herbicides inhibitors of the acetolactate synthase (ALS), addition in vitro cultivation; determine the herbicide concentration of imazethapyr to 95% control of the susceptible plant population; evaluate explants growth; and, determine the herbicide concentration added to the culture medium where is possible to distinguish a resistant from a susceptible plant. Methods: Experiments were carried out in greenhouse and tissue culture laboratory. Screening was performed to select resistant and susceptible biotypes, tests for specie establishment and dose response curves in vitro were made. Results: The herbicide concentration added to the culture medium that provided 95% susceptible biotype control and efficiently differentiated susceptible biotype from resistant one was 0.6μM of imazethapyr. Conclusions: This method helps recommendations of weed management and provides a quick decision to alternative control of this specie, thus avoiding major damage to the crops.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de la 18 F-FDG PET/TC en la identificacion de focos de enfermedad activa y el seguimiento terapeutico en un grupo de pacientes pediatricos con histiocitosis de celulas de Langerhans (HCL). Metodo Entre 2007-2013 se efectuaron 13 estudios 18 F-FDG PET/TC de seguimiento en 7 pacientes diagnosticados de HCL (4 ninas, 3 varones; 1-12 anos). Se analizaron los hallazgos PET y se correlacionaron con los de la TC y la RM, asi como el seguimiento evolutivo con estas tecnicas. Resultados La PET fue negativa en 4 pacientes (todos diagnosticados de lesiones oseas y afectacion hipofisaria en un caso). La TC mostro persistencia de lesiones, de caracter residual, en todos los pacientes, y la RM de hipofisis mostro su normalizacion. La PET permanecio negativa a los 10, 14, 25 y 28 meses, sin detectar nuevas lesiones mediante TC ni RM. La PET fue positiva en 3 pacientes (uno con adenopatias cervicales y 2 con lesiones oseas y afectacion hipofisaria en uno de ellos, no identificada por la PET). Los hallazgos de la TC fueron adenopatia cervical patologica (n = 1) y lesiones oseas (n = 2), y de la RM, lesion hipofisaria (n = 1). En el paciente con adenopatia cervical la anatomia patologica mostro afectacion por HCL. En los otros 2 pacientes, la PET permanecio positiva, con aumento de la captacion osea de 18 F-FDG a los 17 y 19 meses. Conclusion En este estudio preliminar, la 18 F-FDG PET constituye una tecnica de imagen util, junto con otras pruebas diagnosticas, para identificar lesiones activas y monitorizar la respuesta terapeutica en pacientes pediatricos con HCL.

Purpose We evaluated the impact of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in identifying sites of active disease and assessing therapeutic follow up in a group of paediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Method During 2007–2013, 13 18 F-FDG PET/CT studies were performed for follow-up in 7 patients with a diagnosis of LCH (4 female, 3 male; 1–12 years-old). PET findings were analyzed and correlated with CT and MRI. Findings were also followed-up by these techniques. Results PET was negative in 4 patients (all diagnosed with bone lesions and one with additional pituitary involvement). CT findings showed residual morphological bone lesions in all patients, and an hypophysis MRI study showed no abnormal signal. PET remained negative at 10, 14, 25 and 28 months, and no new lesions on CT and MRI were detected. PET was positive in 3 patients (one with cervical lymphadenopathy and 2 with bone lesions, one also with pituitary involvement not identified by PET). CT findings showed pathological cervical lymphadenopathy ( n = 1), bone lesions ( n = 2) and also a pituitary MRI lesion ( n = 1). In a patient with cervical lymphadenopathy histology demonstrated LCH involvement. In the other 2 patients, PET remained positive with an increase of 18 F-FDG bone uptake at 17 and 19 months. Conclusion In our preliminar study, 18 F-FDG PET is a useful imaging procedure, along with other diagnostic tools, for identifying active lesions.

Resumen Objetivo Valorar la contribucion de la PET con 11C-metionina en la diferenciacion precoz entre recurrencia tumoral y radionecrosis en pacientes tratados de gliomas de alto grado. Metodo Treinta pacientes tratados de glioma (grado iii / iv ) con cirugia/radioterapia/quimioterapia (5-18 meses) con RM indeterminada. A todos se les realizo estudio de PET con 11C-metionina ( El manejo de los pacientes se decidio en el comite de neurooncologia: seguimiento clinico-imagen, tratamiento de segunda linea o cirugia. Resultados Veintitres estudios de PET con 11C-metionina fueron visualmente positivos. La morfologia fue: 15 focales, 4 difusos y 4 anulares. Tres de los focales fueron resecados (AP+). En 16 se realizo terapia de segunda linea (11 respuesta, 5 progresion). En los 4 de morfologia anular se decidio seguimiento, con progresion en 2 (verdaderos positivos) y libres de enfermedad en 2 (6 y 7 meses despues) (falsos positivos). Siete estudios de PET con 11C-metionina fueron visualmente negativos, todos ellos libres de enfermedad (3-12 meses). La relacion SUV lesion/fondo en la recurrencia tumoral fue de 2,79 ± 1,35 mientras que en la radionecrosis fue de 1,53 ± 0,39 (p Con umbral de corte SUV lesion/fondo de 2,35 se obtuvo una sensibilidad y especificidad del 90,5 y 100%. Conclusion La valoracion de la PET con 11C-metionina, con analisis visual, cuantitativo y corregistro PET/RM muestra un papel complementario en los pacientes con RM no concluyente, permitiendo una diferenciacion precoz entre recurrencia tumoral y radionecrosis, que ayuda a la individualizacion de la terapia.

Objective To evaluate the contribution of 11 C-Methionine PET in the early differentiation between tumor recurrence and radionecrosis in patients treated for a high grade glioma. Method The study included 30 patients with glioma (III/IV grade) treated with surgery/radiotherapy/chemotherapy (5–8 months) and with an indeterminate MRI. All patients underwent a 11 C-Methione PET (within 15 days of MRI) and studies were visually analyzed (intensity and morphology of uptake), quantified (SUV max/SUV mean background), and coregistered to MRI (3D-Flair). Patient management was decided by the neuro-oncology committee to clinical and imaging follow-up, second-line treatment, or surgery. Results There were 23 11 C-Methionine PET studies visually positive. Morphology of uptake was focal in 15, diffuse in 4, and ring-shaped in 4. Three out of the focal uptake cases underwent resection (Histopathology +). Sixteen underwent second-line therapy (11 responded; 5 progressed). The 4 cases with ring-shaped uptake were followed-up, and progression was found in 2 (true-positive), and disease-free in 2 (follow-up of 6 and 7 months, respectively) (false-positive). Seven out of 11 C-Methionine PET studies were visually negative, and all of them were disease-free (follow-up of 3–12 months). SUV lesion/background was 2.79 ± 1.35 in tumor recurrence, and 1.53 ± 0.39 in radionecrosis ( P Taking into account a SUV lesion/background threshold of 2.35, the sensitivity and specificity values were 90.5% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion Visual analysis, quantitative and PET/MRI coregistration of 11 C-Methionine PET showed their complementary role in patients with indeterminate MRI results, thus allowing early differentiation between tumor recurrence and radionecrosis, and helping in the individual therapy approach.

The commercialization of ryegrass seeds with the presence of resistant biotypes is a serious issue that increses the dispersion of resistance to new areas without this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a quick test to detect susceptible and resistant seeds to the glyphosate herbicide in order to identify contaminated seed lots with glyphosate resistance. Three experiments were carried out, one in greenhouse and the other two in the seed laboratory. First, the resistance factor (RF) was determined by a dose-response curve experiment in biotypes suspected to be resistant and susceptible to glyphosate. Then, the germination test was conducted with the selected biotypes under increasing glyphosate rates (0, 3.5, 6.9, 13.9, 27.8, 55.5, 111, 222, 445, 890, and 1,780 mg a.e. L-1), as the second experiment. The third experiment was made to verify the methodological efficiency of the germination test with glyphosate to identify different contamination ratios (0, 4, 12, 36, and 100%) of the resistant biotype in the seed lot. The different levels of susceptibility of the biotypes to glyphosate were confirmed by the RF of 154.7 based on C50. Germination of the susceptible biotype was inhibited more than 99% by the rate of 127 mg a.e. L-1, while the resistant biotype was a little affected. The germination test with 127 mg a.e. L-1 of glyphosate showed contaminations of 2, 5, 19, 39, and 86% in lots with 0, 4, 12, 36, and 100% of contaminated seeds, respectively. This methodology can detect glyphosate susceptible and resistant seeds and identify contaminated seed lots with resistant glyphosate biotypes. RESUMO: A comercialização de sementes de azevém com a presença de biótipos resistentes promove a dispersão da resistência para áreas isentas do problema. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver teste rápido para diferenciação de sementes suscetíveis e resistentes ao herbicida glifosato, visando identificar lotes contaminados com sementes de biótipos resistentes. Foram realizados três experimentos, sendo um em casa de vegetação e dois em laboratório. No primeiro, determinou-se o fator de resistência (FR) em experimento de curva dose-resposta em biótipos com suspeita de serem resistente e suscetível. No segundo, realizou-se teste de germinação dos biótipos, sob doses crescentes de glifosato (0; 3,5; 6,9; 13,9; 27,8; 55,5; 111; 222; 445; 890; e 1.780 mg e.a. L-1. No terceiro, avaliou-se a eficiência da metodologia do teste de germinação com glifosato para identificação de diferentes proporções de contaminação (0, 4, 12, 36 e 100%) do biótipo resistente no lote de sementes. A suspeita dos biótipos foi comprovada em razão dos diferentes níveis de suscetibilidade ao herbicida glifosato, sendo o FR de 154,7 com base na C50. A dose de 127 mg e.a. L-1 inibiu em mais de 99% a germinação do biótipo suscetível, enquanto o biótipo resistente foi pouco afetado. A partir do teste de germinação, identificou-se contaminação de 2, 5, 19, 39 e 86% em lotes com a presença de 0, 4, 12, 36 e 100% de sementes contaminadas, respectivamente, quando expostas à dose de 127 mg e.a. L-1. A metodologia testada possibilitou diferenciar sementes suscetíveis e resistentes ao herbicida glifosato e identificar lotes de sementes contaminadas com biótipos resistentes.

Objective To assess the prognostic value of the therapeutic response by 11C-choline PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence in which 11C-choline PET/CT indicated radio-guided radiotherapy.

Objective To assess the prognostic value of the therapeutic response by 11 C-choline PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence in which 11 C-choline PET/CT indicated radio-guided radiotherapy. Methods The study included 37 patients initially treated with prostatectomy, who were treated due to biochemical recurrence. 11 C-choline PE/CT detected infra-diaphragmatic lymph-node involvement. All were selected for intensity modulated radiation therapy, escalating the dose according to the PET findings. One year after treatment patients underwent PSA and 11 C-choline PET/CT categorizing response (complete/partial/progression). Clinical/biochemical/image monitoring was performed until appearance of second relapse or 36 months in disease-free patients. Results 11 C-choline PET/CT could detect lymph nodes in all 37 patients. They were 18 (48.6%) of more than a centimeter in size and 19 (51.3%) with no pathological CT morphology: 9 (24.3%) with positive lymph nodes of around one centimeter and 10 (27.0%) only less than a centimeter in size. The response by 11 C-choline PET/CT was categorized one year after radiotherapy: 16 patients (43.2%) complete response; 15 (40.5%) partial response, and 6 (16.2%) progression. The response was concordant between the PSA result and 11 C-choline PET/CT in 32 patients (86.5%), and discordant in five (13.5%). New recurrence was detected in 12 patients (80%) with partial response, and 5 (31.2%) with complete response. The mean time to recurrence was 9 months after partial response, and 18 months after complete response (significant difference, p Conclusion 11 C-choline PET/CT allows the selection of patients with recurrent prostate cancer candidates for radiotherapy and to plan the technique. The evaluation of therapeutic response by 11 C-choline PET/CT has prognostic significance.

Resumen Objetivo Valorar si la edad del paciente puede influir en la captacion miocardica de 18F-FDG. Metodo Se han revisado retrospectivamente los 18F-FDG PET-TC de 50 pacientes pediatricos y 50 adultos con linfoma. Los pacientes realizaron ayuno de 8-12 h sin administracion de dieta grasa ni heparina antes de la prueba. Se calculo el SUVmax corazon y la relacion SUVmax corazon/higado. Resultados En los ninos, la media del SUVmax corazon fue de 2,0, y del SUVmax corazon/higado, de 1,7, y en los adultos, de 6,4 y 3,0, respectivamente. En los 16 ninos con linfoma inicial la media del SUVmax corazon fue de 1,5, y el SUVmax corazon/higado, de 1,2. En los 34 ninos seleccionados para valorar el tratamiento los valores fueron de 2,3 y 1,9, respectivamente. En los 20 adultos para estadificacion la media del SUVmax corazon fue de 5,1, y del SUVmax corazon/higado, de 2,7. Los 30 adultos de respuesta terapeutica tuvieron una media de 6,9 y 3,3, respectivamente. La t de Student mostro diferencias significativas entre SUVmax corazon (p Conclusiones La captacion miocardica de 18F-FDG es menor en los ninos, facilitando el estudio del corazon en la poblacion pediatrica. En la preparacion de los ninos el ayuno podria ser suficiente para valorar enfermedad cardiaca, no siendo necesaria una dieta grasa y/o heparina.

Adequate assessment of pressure ulcers involvement in patients with neurological diseases has crucial therapeutic implications, especially as for the early detection of fistula to inner structures and osteomyelitis (OM) are concerned. Two case reports are presented, with patients with a similar ischiatic ulcer, in whom an 18F-FDG PET/CT study allowed a precise assessment of infectious complications in inner tissues, thus supporting the implementation of 18F-FDG PET/CT as a first-line technique in their management.

The precise assessment of pressure ulcer extension in patients with neurological diseases has crucial therapeutic implications, especially in the early detection of fistula to interior structures and osteomyelitis. Two case reports are presented on patients with a similar ischial ulcer, in whom an 18F-FDG PET/CT study enabled a precise assessment of infectious complications in underlying tissues. These cases support the implementation of 18F-FDG PET/CT as a first-line technique in their management.