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In this extension to Scribbling Towards Utopia, I concentrate on two authors who make their own utopian strivings key features of their work: William Morris, the English socialist, and John Dewey, the American philosopher and liberal educator. I also borrow ideas from Jasmine Ulmer's Writing Slow Ontology to suggest that our utopian hopes will, if ever, only be attained slowly and not quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cercospora leaf spot is one of the dangerous foliar fungi that affects the jasmine plant and causes significant yield loss. No cultivars or germplasm accessions show resistance to this fungus or the infection due to which the usage of fungicides remains the primary means of disease management, though it is hazardous to the environment. Polyploidization is one of the most important breeding techniques in jasmine, since the newly-acquired polyploids may have higher resilience or tolerance towards the illnesses, due to altered metabolite synthesis. By administering colchicine, a polyploidizing chemical, to Jasminum sambac cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli, 17 putative polyploids were obtained for this study. Among the samples considered, two putative polyploids (ensuing from the wild parent after treatment with 0.25 percent colchicine) did not show any Cercospora leaf spot symptoms, while the control attained the highest mean (63.65) per cent disease index. Non-targeted metabolite profiling assay of these lines inferred that several antifungal chemicals, including 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-ethanol, α-butyl-α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) and Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) were found only in the two recently-evolved mutants of J. sambac whereas it was not present in the wild parent. The molecular docking results further confirmed that Dasycarpidan-1-methanol and acetate (ester) get successfully attached to the fungi's 7EUS and 7EUT proteins. These proteins play a crucial role in manufacturing cercosporin, a photoactivated toxin that uses the Reactive Oxygen Species in host cells and damage the cell components such as membranes, proteins and lipids. Thus, the current research work immensely contributed to the creation of a natural, environment-friendly strategy for generating and defining the novel Cercospora leaf spot-resistant jasmine lines that may be useful for the farmers in the flower industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, research has confirmed that jasmine tea may help improve the depressive symptoms that are associated with psychiatric disorders. Our team previously found that jasmine tea improved the depressive-like behavior that is induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We hypothesized that the metabolic disorder component of depression may be related to the gut microbiota, which may be reflected in the metabolome in plasma. The influence of jasmine tea on gut microbiota composition and the association with depressive-related indexes were explored. Furthermore, the metabolites in plasma that are related to the gut microbiota were identified. SD rats were treated with control or CUMS and administrated jasmine tea for 8 weeks. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota in feces samples, and untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites in plasma. The results found that jasmine tea significantly ameliorated the depressive behavior induced by CUMS, significantly improved the neurotransmitter concentration (BDNF and 5-HT), and decreased the pro-inflammation levels (TNF-α and NF-κB). The intervention of jasmine tea also alleviated the dysbiosis caused by CUMS; increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus; and decreased Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio in the CUMS-treated rats. Furthermore, the serum metabolites of the CUMS-treated rats were reversed after the jasmine tea intervention, i.e., 22 were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated, which may have a close relationship with glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways, glycine serine and threonine metabolism pathways, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. Finally, there were 30 genera of gut microbiota related to the depressive-related indexes, and 30 metabolites in the plasma had a strong predictive ability for depressive behavior. Potentially, our research implies that the intervention of jasmine tea can ameliorate the depression induced by CUMS via controlling the gut flora and the host's metabolism, which is an innovative approach for the prevention and management of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the changes in the aroma of jasmine tea during storage. Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)–gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE)-GC-MS were combined to detect all volatile compounds. GC-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV), and p-value were employed to analyze and identify the key aroma compounds in six jasmine tea samples stored for different durations. Nine key aroma compounds were discovered, namely (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, methyl anthranilate, methyl salicylate, trans-β-ionone, linalool, geraniol, (Z)-4-heptenal, benzoic acid methyl ester, and benzoic acid ethyl ester. The importance of these compounds was confirmed through the aroma addition experiment. Correlation analysis showed that (Z)-4-heptenal might be the main reason for the increase in the stale aroma of jasmine tea. Through sensory evaluation and specific experimental analysis, it can be concluded that jasmine tea had the best aroma after 3 years of storage, and too long a storage time may cause the overall aroma of the tea to weaken and produce an undesirable odor. The findings can provide a reference for the change in aroma during the storage of jasmine tea and provide the best storage time (3 years) in terms of jasmine tea aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Jasminum grandiflorum L. essential oil produced for the first time at industrial level by steam distillation. Volatile and chiral compositions were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. In total 130 volatile compounds were identified, which constituted more than 98% of the oils. The results revealed significant differences in terms of volatile compounds between jasmine essential oil and the absolute. Sensorial evaluation revealed the essential oil had a youthful and dynamic character with a bright, floral scent, while the absolute had a more mature and sensual scent that was richer. Antimicrobial activity of both products against eighteen human pathogens and cosmetic contaminants was evaluated. The results showed that essential oil exhibited greater antimicrobial activity, inhibiting 8 out of 17 microbial strains within the MIC range ≤800 µg/mL, compared to 2 out of 17 in the case of the absolute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion This study focused on the development of a new‐to‐world ingredient harnessing the natural potential of fresh Jasminum grandiflorum flowers to self‐ferment by its phytobiome revealing flower content. Analytical investigations were conducted to highlight specific phytocompounds generated during the natural fermentation of flowers in comparison to a conventional extraction. The synergy with another extraction technology maximized the generation of biocompounds for an interesting efficacy.Jasmine extract was elaborated by combining two patented technologies: the phytofermentology™, inspired by plant–microorganisms interaction and designed to develop ingredients obtained by natural fermentation of the vegetal using its own phytobiota; and the PSR™ technology allowing the extraction of bioactive phytocompounds such as small RNAs from plants.Analytical investigations of Jasmine extract highlighted uniqueness and richness of the phytocompound profiles, such as organics acids and phenolic compounds, markers of fermentation only obtained after phytofermentology in comparison to conventional extraction. Jasmine extract has the particularity to contain jasmintides, flower small peptides belonging to the family of cysteine‐rich peptides (CRPs). Antioxidant and global anti‐ageing properties were investigated in cell‐free assays demonstrating interesting results: about 20% scavenging of free radicals from 0.5% of Jasmine extract and protection from DNA damage of 26% in comparison to a stressed control.Phytofermentology™ technology combined with PSR™ technology, meant to be respectful of the environment, allowed to development of biofunctionals very close to nature with a unique analytical signature as Jasmine extract, using the potential of fresh flowers phytobiota to self‐ferment. The efficacy of the ingredient on global antioxidation and anti‐ageing via hyaluronidase/tyrosinase inhibitions was highlighted by cell‐free evaluation assays. Further and complementary studies should be conducted to confirm the bioefficacy of this ingredient with in vitro / ex vivo assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of jasmine rice flour, glutinous rice flour, and potato flour on the physical, sensory properties and consumer acceptance of biscuits. The biscuits were made using varying ratios of jasmine rice flour: glutinous rice flour: potato flour. The mixture design was used for 10 treatments. Increasing the ratio of glutinous rice flour while keeping the ratio of jasmine rice flour constant increased the biscuit hardness, crispness, lightness (L*), appearance, aroma, flavor, and overall acceptance by >70%. However, it tended to decrease the biscuits' redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). The higher acceptance score of appearance and color was found in the ratios of 66.7:16.7:16.7 and 50:50:0. The higher acceptance score of hardness and crispiness was found in the ratios of 16.7:66.7:16.7 and 50:50:0. The ratios of 16.7:6.7:16.7, 16.7:16.7:66.7, 50:50:0 and 33.3:33.3:33.3 received high overall acceptance scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for INfrared Exploration (JASMINE) is a planned M-class science space mission by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. JASMINE has two main science goals. One is Galactic archaeology with a Galactic Center survey, which aims to reveal the Milky Way's central core structure and formation history from Gaia-level (∼25 |${\mu} $| as) astrometry in the near-infrared (NIR) H w band (1.0–1.6  |${\mu} $| m). The other is an exoplanet survey, which aims to discover transiting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone from NIR time-series photometry of M dwarfs when the Galactic Center is not accessible. We introduce the mission, review many science objectives, and present the instrument concept. JASMINE will be the first dedicated NIR astrometry space mission and provide precise astrometric information on the stars in the Galactic Center, taking advantage of the significantly lower extinction in the NIR. The precise astrometry is obtained by taking many short-exposure images. Hence, the JASMINE Galactic Center survey data will be valuable for studies of exoplanet transits, asteroseismology, variable stars, and microlensing studies, including discovery of (intermediate-mass) black holes. We highlight a swath of such potential science, and also describe synergies with other missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasminum subtriplinerve, a Southeast Asia medicinal plant, is traditionally used in Vietnam for its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antioxidant activity. This study investigates the potential of J. subtriplinerve extracts from the leaf and stem, green fruit, and ripe fruit (obtained from different biological cultivation locations) to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and scavenge DPPH radicals. Results reveal significant variations in IC50 values among different plant parts and cultivation locations. The results show that the leaf and stem extracts demonstrated the most potent inhibition of NO production, with the lowest IC50 value observed in Dong Giang (72.46 μg/mL). Conversely, the green and ripe fruit extracts showed weak inhibitory effects, with IC50 values exceeding 90 μg/mL in most cases. Furthermore, analysis of scavenging activity against free radicals using DPPH assay showed similar trends, with the leaf and stem extract exhibiting more potent inhibitory activities than fruit extracts. SC50 values for LS extracts ranged from 36.83 to 50.95 μg/mL. In contrast, GF and RF extracts exhibited weak antioxidant activity, SC50 values exceeding 60 μg/mL, and, in some cases, negligible biological activity (>100 μg/mL). These findings underscore the importance of considering both the plant part and the cultivation location when evaluating the efficacy of J. subtriplinerve extracts in modulating NO production and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf blight spot disease, caused by bacteria and fungi, poses a threat to plant health, leading to leaf discoloration and diminished agricultural yield. In response, we present a MobileNetV3 based classifier designed for the Jasmine plant, leveraging lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to accurately identify disease stages. The model integrates depth wise convolution layers and max pool layers for enhanced feature extraction, focusing on crucial low level features indicative of the disease. Through preprocessing techniques, including data augmentation with Conditional GAN and Particle Swarm Optimization for feature selection, the classifier achieves robust performance. Evaluation on curated datasets demonstrates an outstanding 97% training accuracy, highlighting its efficacy. Real world testing with diverse conditions, such as extreme camera angles and varied lighting, attests to the model's resilience, yielding test accuracies between 94% and 96%. The dataset's tailored design for CNN based classification ensures result reliability. Importantly, the model's lightweight classification, marked by fast computation time and reduced size, positions it as an efficient solution for real time applications. This comprehensive approach underscores the proposed classifier's significance in addressing leaf blight spot disease challenges in commercial crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Jasmine (Jasminum), renowned for its ornamental value and captivating fragrance, has given rise to numerous species and accessions. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the evolutionary relationships among various Jasminum species. Results In the present study, we sequenced seven distinct Jasminum species, resulting in the assembly of twelve high-quality complete chloroplast (cp) genomes. Our findings revealed that the size of the 12 cp genomes ranged from 159 to 165 kb and encoded 134–135 genes, including 86–88 protein-coding genes, 38–40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. J. nudiflorum exhibited a larger genome size compared to other species, mainly attributed to the elevated number of forward repeats (FRs). Despite the typically conservative nature of chloroplasts, variations in the presence or absence of accD have been observed within J. sambac. The calculation of nucleotide diversity (Pi) values for 19 cp genomes indicated that potential mutation hotspots were more likely to be located in LSC regions than in other regions, particularly in genes ycf2, rbcL, atpE, ndhK, and ndhC (Pi > 0.2). Ka/Ks values revealed strong selection pressure on the genes rps2, atpA, rpoA, rpoC1, and rpl33 when comparing J. sambac with the three most closely related species (J. auriculatum, J. multiflorum, and J. dichotomum). Additionally, SNP identification, along with the results of Structure, PCA, and phylogenetic tree analyses, divided the Jasminum cp genomes into six groups. Notably, J. polyanthum showed gene flow signals from both the G5 group (J. nudiflorum) and the G3 group (J. tortuosum and J. fluminense). Phylogenetic tree analysis reflected that most species from the same genus clustered together with robust support in Oleaceae, strongly supporting the monophyletic nature of cp genomes within the genus Jasminum. Conclusion Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the genomic composition, variation, and phylogenetic relationships among various Jasminum species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Jasminum.

Background: Jasmine (Jasminum), renowned for its ornamental value and captivating fragrance, has given rise to numerous species and accessions. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the evolutionary relationships among various Jasminum species. Results: In the present study, we sequenced seven distinct Jasminum species, resulting in the assembly of twelve high-quality complete chloroplast (cp) genomes. Our findings revealed that the size of the 12 cp genomes ranged from 159 to 165 kb and encoded 134–135 genes, including 86–88 protein-coding genes, 38–40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. J. nudiflorum exhibited a larger genome size compared to other species, mainly attributed to the elevated number of forward repeats (FRs). Despite the typically conservative nature of chloroplasts, variations in the presence or absence of accD have been observed within J. sambac. The calculation of nucleotide diversity (Pi) values for 19 cp genomes indicated that potential mutation hotspots were more likely to be located in LSC regions than in other regions, particularly in genes ycf2, rbcL, atpE, ndhK, and ndhC (Pi > 0.2). Ka/Ks values revealed strong selection pressure on the genes rps2, atpA, rpoA, rpoC1, and rpl33 when comparing J. sambac with the three most closely related species (J. auriculatum, J. multiflorum, and J. dichotomum). Additionally, SNP identification, along with the results of Structure, PCA, and phylogenetic tree analyses, divided the Jasminum cp genomes into six groups. Notably, J. polyanthum showed gene flow signals from both the G5 group (J. nudiflorum) and the G3 group (J. tortuosum and J. fluminense). Phylogenetic tree analysis reflected that most species from the same genus clustered together with robust support in Oleaceae, strongly supporting the monophyletic nature of cp genomes within the genus Jasminum. Conclusion: Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the genomic composition, variation, and phylogenetic relationships among various Jasminum species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Jasminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of salt-affected soils can be alleviated by organic amendments, but their nitrogen (N) mineralization pattern, crucial to providing proper N synchronization with crop demand, can differently be influenced by salinity and sodicity. An incubation study was carried out objectively to investigate the mineralization and kinetic release of N in three organic wastes (OWs) – rice husk (RH), rice straw (RS), burnt rice husk (BRH) in saline-sodic (SS) and sodic (Sod) soils. The OWs were mixed into the soils and inorganic N was measured under aerobic condition (field capacity) for 28 days followed by waterlogged condition until day-112. The mineral N mineralized from all OWs was, on average, <20% of N input released into the mineral N pool with RS mineralized the highest. Mineralization occurred less in SS than in Sod soil. Nitrogen mineralization peaked at 28 days with net immobilization observed after 21-day of waterlogged condition. The mineralization rate and mineralizable N pool of these OWs had a better fit to two-pool than first-order model, showing the highest quantities in respective RS, RH and BRH and fast N pools constant rate greater in SS than in Sod soils. Net N mineralization differed among OWs, soils and incubation times. The N mineralization pattern of OWs was a function of both N sources and soil salinity. The pool and rate of mineralizable N were predicted from the initial material's total N. The findings can lead to proper N management for jasmine rice in salt-affected soils using inorganic wastes to partially supply N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with Jasminum sambac (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific Shodhan vidhi method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution's potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains translations of article abstracts in Spanish and Chinese. The first abstract discusses three Marxist lessons for the history and philosophy of science in the 21st century, emphasizing the relationship between practice and theory in knowledge production, the connection between social relations, technologies, and scientific abstractions, and the role of modern science in capitalist modes of production. The second abstract explores the political economy of digital technology, highlighting how the rapid development and widespread use of digital machinery have transformed labor cooperation and been used as tools of exploitation and domination. The third abstract focuses on China's poverty alleviation policies, emphasizing the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in poverty reduction efforts and the need for the integration of vulnerable populations into socioeconomic reproduction. The final abstract examines the reproductive role of working-class soldiers in capitalist society, highlighting their contribution to the reproduction of capitalist social relations and the challenges of resolving the contradictions between the state and the working class. [Extracted from the article]

Mosquito-borne diseases represent a growing health challenge over time. Numerous potential phytochemicals are target-specific, biodegradable, and eco-friendly. The larvicidal activity of essential oils, a jasmine blend consisting of Jasmine oil and Azores jasmine (AJ) (Jasminum sambac and Jasminum azoricum) and peppermint (PP) Mentha arvensis and their nanoformulations against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens, was evaluated after subjecting to different concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm). Two forms of phase-different nanodelivery systems of layered double hydroxide LDH and oil/water nanoemulsions were formulated. The synthesized nanoemulsions showed particle sizes of 199 and 333 nm for AJ-NE and PP-NE, with a polydispersity index of 0.249 and 0.198, respectively. Chemical and physiochemical analysis of TEM, SEM, XRD, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, and drug release measurements were done to confirm the synthesis and loading efficiencies of essential oils' active ingredients. At high concentrations of AJ and PP nanoemulsions (2000 ppm), O/W nanoemulsions showed higher larval mortality than both LDH conjugates and crude oils. The mortality rate reached 100% for 2nd and 4th instar larvae. The relative toxicities revealed that PP nanoemulsion (MA-NE) was the most effective larvicide, followed by AJ nanoemulsion (AJ-NE). There was a significant increase in defensive enzymes, phenoloxidase, and α and β-esterase enzymes in the treated groups. After treatment of L4 with AJ, AJ-NE, PP, and PP-NE, the levels of phenoloxidase were 545.67, 731.00, 700.00, and 799.67 u/mg, respectively, compared with control 669.67 u/mg. The activity levels of α-esterase were 9.71, 10.32, 8.91, and 10.55 mg α-naphthol/min/mg protein, respectively. It could be concluded that the AJ-NE and PP-NE nanoformulations have promising larvicidal activity and could act as safe and effective alternatives to chemical insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Bighorn Visions: The Photography of Jessamine Spear Johnson" discusses the work of photographer Jessamine Spear Johnson and compares it to other photographers of her time. The article highlights Johnson's personal and intimate perspective, as well as her experimentation with different photographic techniques. The author also mentions the historical context in which Johnson's work was created, including the rise of the personal automobile and the Great Depression. Overall, the article praises Johnson's photography and suggests that her work deserves more attention. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a note from the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Integrative & Comparative Biology, expressing gratitude to the reviewers who contributed their valuable reviews during the publication year of 2023. The note lists the names of the reviewers, acknowledging their contributions to the journal. The purpose of this note is to recognize and appreciate the efforts of the reviewers in maintaining the quality and integrity of the journal's publications. [Extracted from the article]

Jasmine [Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.], a tropical and subtropical plant emits a sweet, heady fragrance during flower opening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In the present study, integrated Illumina sequencing, Pacbio sequencing, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) scaffolding was used to generate a 495.60 Mb genome assembly of J. sambac var. unifoliatum cultivar ‘Fuzhou Single-petal’ (JSU-FSP), with contig N50 of 16.88 Mb; 96.23% of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes. The genome harbors 30 989 protein-coding genes, and 49.47% of the assembled sequences are repetitive sequences. The analysis of duplication modes showed that 51% of genes were duplicated through dispersed duplication, and expanded gene families are mainly involved in photosynthesis, which may be responsible for the light-loving characteristic specific to jasmine. Transcriptome analysis revealed that at least 35 structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes (VTs), volatile phenylpropanoid/benzenoids (VPBs), fatty acid-derived volatiles (FADVs), and indole were highly expressed in the flower-opening stage, both preharvest and postharvest, and are proposed to be important in endowing flower aroma. Additionally, at least 28 heat shock protein (HSP) and 11 β-glucosidase (BGLU) genes may be involved in the formation of floral fragrance. These findings provide insights into the formation of the floral fragrance of jasmine and will promote germplasm utilization for breeding improved jasmine varieties.

Rising awareness about the ecological burden of agricultural by-products and their potential industrial and medicinal applications spurred the research of waste valorization. Egypt is a chief producer of jasmine oils. However, jasmine-dense foliage is an agricultural waste that merits exploitation. Herein, Jasminum grandiflorum leaves were profiled using UPLC-MS, revealing a promising phytochemical composition rich in secoiridoids. A good safety profile was confirmed in vitro on cancerous and normal cell lines and in vivo (LD50>4000mg/kg). The radioprotective effect of 3500 mg/kg jasmine leaves extract against irradiation-induced lung injury was demonstrated. Biochemical analysis indicated that jasmine extract decreased malondialdehyde level and enhanced the endogenous antioxidants GSH-Px, SOD and CAT levels. Jasmine alleviated the inflammatory response by downregulating the expression of COX-2 and iNOS and reducing the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and PGE2. Jasmine leaves offer interesting application prospects that add economic and industrial value to agricultural waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Aiton) is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics. However, the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown. In this study, using PacBio, Illumina, 10Xx Genomics and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing technologies, a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for J. sambac was obtained, exploiting a double-petal phenotype cultivar 'Shuangbanmoli' (JSSB). The results showed that the final assembled genome of JSSB is 580.33 Mb in size (contig N50 = 1.05 Mb; scaffold N50 = 45.07 Mb) with a total of 39 618 predicted protein-coding genes. Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) event at 91.68 million years ago (Mya). It was estimated that J. sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya. On the basis of a combination of genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, a range of floral scent volatiles and genes were identified involved in the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of its fragrance biosynthesis in jasmine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as curial regulators of diverse biological processes in plants. Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) is a world-renowned ornamental plant for its attractive and exceptional flower fragrance. However, to date, no systematic screening of lncRNAs and their regulatory roles in the production of the floral fragrance of jasmine flowers has been reported. In this study, we identified a total of 31,079 novel lncRNAs based on an analysis of strand-specific RNA-Seq data from J. sambac flowers at different stages. The lncRNAs identified in jasmine flowers exhibited distinct characteristics compared with protein-coding genes (PCGs), including lower expression levels, shorter transcript lengths, and fewer exons. Certain jasmine lncRNAs possess detectable sequence conservation with other species. Expression analysis identified 2752 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE_lncRNAs) and 8002 DE_PCGs in flowers at the full-blooming stage. DE_lncRNAs could potentially cis- and trans-regulate PCGs, among which DE_lincRNAs and their targets showed significant opposite expression patterns. The flowers at the full-blooming stage are specifically enriched with abundant phenylpropanoids and terpenoids potentially contributed by DE_lncRNA cis-regulated PCGs. Notably, we found that many cis-regulated DE_lncRNAs may be involved in terpenoid and phenylpropanoid/benzenoid biosynthesis pathways, which potentially contribute to the production of jasmine floral scents. Our study reports numerous jasmine lncRNAs and identifies floral-scent-biosynthesis-related lncRNAs, which highlights their potential functions in regulating the floral scent formation of jasmine and lays the foundations for future molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common yellow jasmine (Chrysojasminum fruticans , Oleaceae) is a distylous shrub occurring in the wild in south-western Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Little is known about the genetics of its populations and such information would be necessary to investigate its spread and mating strategies. Here, the organization of its genetic diversity was investigated among and between 13 populations from southern France, including a 35-year-old experimental plot ('CEFE', CNRS Montpellier). Markers (microsatellites and indels) were developed to screen polymorphisms in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes. Low linkage disequilibrium was observed between chloroplast and mitochondrial haplotypes probably resulting from paternal leaks in their inheritance as reported in other species of tribe Jasmineae. Yet, analyses of 36 progenies issued from parents with distinct chloroplast and/or mitochondrial DNA haplotypes only revealed a maternal contribution. Natural populations of C. fruticans are moderately to highly differentiated at the regional scale with a strong isolation-by-distance pattern detected on nuclear data, indicating limited gene flow. An isolated site ('Moulis'), located on the marginal distribution area, was remarkably genetically depauperate and highly differentiated from other populations. Further studies on the variation of mating strategies in C. fruticans should consider populations with contrasting patterns of genetic diversity. The artificial 'CEFE' population also offers opportunities for experiments in a closed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasmine, a recently domesticated shrub, is renowned for its use as a key ingredient in floral tea and its captivating fragrance, showcasing significant ornamental and economic value. When cultivated to subtropical zone, a significant abiotic stress adaptability occurs among different jasmine varieties, leading to huge flower production changes and plantlet survival. The bZIP transcription factors (TFs) are reported to play indispensable roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we performed a genome-level comparison of bZIPs using three-type jasmine genomes. Based on their physicochemical properties, conserved motif analysis and phylogenetic analysis, about 63 bZIP genes were identified and clustered in jasmine genomes, noting a difference of one member compared to the other two types of jasmines. The HTbZIP genes were categorized into 12 subfamilies compared with A. thaliana. In cis-acting element analysis, all genes contained light-responsive elements. The abscisic acid response element (ABRE) was the most abundant in HTbZIP62 promoter, followed by HTbZIP33. Tissue-specific genes of the bZIPs may play a crucial role in regulating the development of jasmine organs and tissues, with HTbZIP36 showing the most significant expressions in roots. Combined with complicated protein interactions, HTbZIP62 and HTbZIP33 might play a crucial role in the ABA signaling pathway and stress tolerance. Combined with RT-qPCR analysis, SJbZIP37/57/62 were more sensitive to ABA response genes compared with other bZIPs in DJ amd HT genomes. Our findings provide a useful resource for further research on the regulation of key genes to improve abiotic stress tolerance in jasmine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2022-23 to analyse the effect of pruning and growth regulators on 'off season' flower production in Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton. Three pruning treatments were imposed, viz., during the second fortnight of August (P1), October (P2) and December (control). Growth regulator treatment included GA3 at 100 (G1), 150 (G2), and 200 ppm (G3); Cycocel at 500 (G4), 750 (G5), and 1000 ppm (G6) along with double distilled water (Control, G7); there were sprayed at 15 days after pruning. The 21 treatments comprising of pruning schedule and growth regulators was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRCBD) with three replications. Among different vegetative characteristics, P3G3 (December pruning + GA3 at 200 ppm) had recorded maximum plant height and plant spread in E-W and N-S directions at 30, 60 and 90 days after pruning, respectively. Number of primary branches per plant showed no significant difference among the treatments. Higher number of secondary branches per plant was recorded in P3G6 (December pruning + Cycocel at 1000 ppm). Flower characteristics viz., days taken for bud initiation (35.00 days), first flowering (47.00 days) and 50 per cent flowering (71.00 days) were minimum in December pruning along with foliar application of Cycocel at 1000 ppm (P3G6) and significantly different from others. Total duration of flowering (250 days) was maximum in plants pruned during October month with application of Cycocel at 1000 ppm (P2G6) with significantly increased in off season flower yield (December to February) per plant (0.141 kg) and per ha (0.628 t). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of bacterial cellulose (BC) in industrial processes increases the demand for this valuable biomaterial. Accordingly, research mainly focuses on investigating novel substrates for BC production with low cost and high productivity. In this respect, the optimization and physicochemical characterization of BC membranes by using Jasminum sambac and Camellia sinensis as low-cost substrates with Komagataeibacter intermedius strain were examined. BC production increased with these plants under optimized conditions: 20 g/100 mL J. sambac, 8% glucose, 10% inoculum and 30 g/100 mL C. sinensis, 8% fructose, 20% inoculum at pH = 6.0 for 7 days statically with yields of 12.16 and 14.58 g/L, respectively. In comparison with BC obtained from HS (5.59 g/L), the BC yield increased 2.17 and 2.61 times by using J. sambac and C. sinensis, respectively. Additionally, 40.71 and 37.87% of the total phenolics (31.49 and 43.67 mg/g), 14.17 and 48.4% of the total proteins (13.4 and 33 mg/g) and 73.57 and 79.85% of the reducing sugars (1.4 and 2.78 g/L) in J. sambac and C. sinensis, respectively were used. J. sambac and C. sinensis plant wastes can be used at least two and nine more times in BC production with a volumetric yield of 1.91 and 7.19 g/L, respectively. BC obtained from C. sinensis plant-based medium had the thinnest fibril size (0.10 − 0.07 μm), exhibited high water holding capacity (106.44%) when compared with BC obtained from HS (98%) and J. sambac plant-based medium (95.85%). Additionally, whereas the cost of BC obtained from HS broth was found to be 1.003 Euro/per g, the cost of BC significantly decreased by 0.27 and 0.39 Euro/g with J. sambac and C. sinensis plant-based media, respectively. BC membranes showed a nanoporous structure and depended on cellulose type 1. The results suggested J. sambac and C. sinensis plants as novel cost-effective substrates for BC production with enhanced volumetric yield, high water holding capacity and excellent physicochemical properties to be used in industrial applications and biotechnological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jasminum elongatum (JE), an ethnic Chinese medicine, is widely used in the Lingnan region of China, because of its analgesic and antidiarrheal action, as well as its anti-inflammatory effects in gastrointestinal diseases. However, whether JE could against ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This research aims to reveal JE in treating UC and clarify the underlying mechanism. We used the 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice (C57BL/6J) to evaluate the therapeutic effects of JE. Metabolomics of serum and network pharmacology were combined to draw target-metabolite pathways. Apart from that, the targets of associated pathways were confirmed, and the mechanism of action was made clear, using immunohistochemistry. The pharmacodynamic results, including disease activity index (DAI), histological evaluation, and inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues, demonstrated that JE significantly relieved the physiological and pathological symptoms of UC. Network pharmacology analysis indicated 25 core targets, such as TNF, IL-6, PTGS2 and RELA, and four key pathways, including the NF-κB signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, which were the key connections between JE and UC. Metabolomics analysis identified 45 endogenous differential metabolites and 9 metabolic pathways by enrichment, with the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway being the main metabolism pathway, consistent with the prediction of network pharmacology. IκB, p65 and COX-2 were identified as key targets and this study demonstrated for the first time that JE reverses 2.5% DSS-induced UC in mice via the IκB/p65/COX-2/arachidonic acid pathway. This study reveals the complex mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of JE on UC and provides a new approach to identifying the underlying mechanisms of the pharmacological action of Chinese natural medicines such as JE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription regulators that play essential roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. Jasmine (Jasminum sambac), renowned for its aromatic nature and fragrant blossoms, possesses a significant abundance of volatile terpene compounds. However, the role of the WRKY family in terpene synthesis in jasmine remains undetermined. In this study, 72 WRKY family genes of J. sambac were identified with their conserved WRKY domains and were categorized into three main groups based on their structural and phylogenetic characteristics. The extensive segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the WRKY gene family. Expression profiles derived from the transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the majority of JsWRKY genes were significantly upregulated in fully bloomed flowers compared to buds. Furthermore, multiple correlation analyses revealed that the expression patterns of JsWRKYs (JsWRKY27/33/45/51/55/57) were correlated with both distinct terpene compounds (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes). Notably, the majority of jasmine terpene synthase (JsTPS) genes related to terpene synthesis and containing W-box elements exhibited a significant correlation with JsWRKYs, particularly with JsWRKY51, displaying a strong positive correlation. A subcellular localization analysis showed that JsWRKY51 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, transgenic tobacco leaves and jasmine calli experiments demonstrated that overexpression of JsWRKY51 was a key factor in enhancing the accumulation of β-ocimene, which is an important aromatic terpene component. Collectively, our findings suggest the roles of JsWRKY51 and other JsWRKYs in regulating the synthesis of aromatic compounds in J. sambac, providing a foundation for the potential utilization of JsWRKYs to facilitate the breeding of fragrant plant varieties with an improved aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and marketing of horticultural crops is affected by the feeding of thrips on plant tissues. Thrips commonly feed upon the gladiolus and different vegetative and floral parts of gladioli are attacked by them. Application of chemical insecticides provides effective control of insect pest in short period of time. The present investigation was carried out on Jasminum sambac against flower thrips for efficacy of insecticides. To conduct this experiment, six insecticides viz., imidacloprid 20Sl, Spinosad 240SC, Spintoram 120SC, Chlophenapyre, Imidacloprid+fipronil and abamectin were applied. Thrips population was observed on jasmine flower before application of insecticides and thrips mortality data was noted after 24, 72 and 168 hours of insecticides spray. The maximum mortality of thrips was recorded in Imidacloprid+fipronil (68.45%) and Spinosad (65.45%) after 24 hours of insecticides spray. The lowest mortality of thrips was counted in abamectin and imidacloprid. Population of thrips was reduced after 72 and 168 hours as compared to 24 hours after insecticides spray. It is concluded from the findings of investigation that the insecticide (Imidacloprid+fipronil) was found effective against the population of thrips after 24, 72 and 168 hours in years, 2021 and 2022, respectively when compared to other insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jasmine tea is loved by most people who drink flower tea owing to its unique aroma, and it is known as the top of flower teas. In our study, the quantitative evaluation of the quality of jasmine tea and detection of aroma components were carried out. First, the flavor quality of 92 kinds of jasmine tea was evaluated using multiple sub‐factor quality evaluation methods. According to the evaluation results, jasmine tea was divided into three types: "fresh and lovely" (FL), "heavy and thick" (HT), and "fresh and heavy" (FH). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to detect the aroma components of the three types of jasmine tea samples. α‐Farnesene, cis‐3‐hexenyl benzoate, acid phenylmethyl ester, linalool, methyl anthranilate, and indole were the main substances that constituted the basic aroma quality characteristics of jasmine tea. Compared to the FL type, the HT and FH types were weaker in the diversification of the characteristic aroma and accumulation of green, herb, sweet, and roast aroma substances. Green and herb aromas play crucial roles in the fresh and persistent qualities of the three types of jasmine tea, which are the key quality factors research focus of jasmine tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses two art exhibitions in Bucharest: "The Picasso Effect" at the Museum of Recent Art and "The Universe of Salvador Dalí" at ARCUB. "The Picasso Effect" commemorates the 50th anniversary of Picasso's passing and features 46 of his works alongside pieces by contemporary Romanian artists. The exhibition explores the connections and influences between Picasso and Romanian art. "The Universe of Salvador Dalí" showcases 170 works by Dalí, including sculptures, furniture, and other art forms. The exhibition incorporates technological elements to create a surreal experience for visitors. Both exhibitions aim to pay tribute to these legendary artists and enrich the cultural scene in Bucharest. [Extracted from the article]

Appressoria are specialized structures formed by certain phytopathogenic fungi during the early stages of the infection process. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the formation, types, and functions of appressoria. Besides being formed primarily by fungal pathogens, many studies have reported their occurrence in other life modes such as endophytes, epiphytes, and saprobes. In this study, we observed the formation of appressoria in fungal genera that have been found associated with leaf spots and, interestingly, by a saprobic species. We used morphological descriptions and illustrations, molecular phylogeny, coalescent-based Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, inter- and intra-species genetic distances based on their respective DNA markers, and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition Analysis (GCPSR) to establish a new species (Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini), a Ciliochorella sp., and a new host record (Coniella malaysiana). The Ciliochorella sp. is reported as a saprobe, while Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini and Coniella malaysiana were found to be associated with leaf spots of Jasminum species. All three taxa produce appressoria, and this is the first study that reports the formation of appressoria by a Ciliochorella sp. and a Pseudoplagiostoma sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Addition of two wild jasmines (Jasminum caudatum and J. grandiflorum) to Sikkim Himalaya, India" discusses the discovery of two wild jasmine species in the Sikkim Himalaya region of India. The authors conducted field studies and collected specimens of the plants for taxonomical analysis. The first species, Jasminum caudatum, is a scrambling shrub with trifoliate leaves and undulate leaf margins. The second species, Jasminum grandiflorum, is a sprawling shrub with large, opposite, odd-pinnate leaves. Both species were found to be previously unrecorded in the state of Sikkim. The article provides detailed descriptions of the plants' characteristics, habitat, and distribution. [Extracted from the article]

The night‐flowering Jasmine, Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis also known as Parijat, is a perennial woody shrub belonging to the family of Oleaceae. It is popular for its fragrant flowers that bloom in the night and is a potent source of secondary metabolites. However, knowledge about its genome and the expression of genes regulating flowering or secondary metabolite accumulation is lacking. In this study, we generated whole genome sequencing data to assemble the first de novo assembly of Parijat and use it for comparative genomics and demographic history reconstruction. The temporal dynamics of effective population size (Ne) experienced a positive influence of colder climates suggesting the switch to night flowering may have provided an evolutionary advantage. We employed multi‐tissue transcriptome sequencing of floral stages/parts to obtain insights into the transcriptional regulation of nocturnal flower development and the production of volatiles/metabolites. Tissue‐specific transcripts for mature flowers revealed key players in circadian regulation and flower development, including the auxin pathway and cell wall modifying genes. Furthermore, we identified tissue‐specific transcripts responsible for producing numerous secondary metabolites, mainly terpenoids and carotenoids. The diversity and specificity of Terpene Synthase (TPS) and CCDs (Carotenoid Cleavage Deoxygenases) mediate the bio‐synthesis of specialised metabolites in Parijat. Our study establishes Parijat as a novel non‐model species to understand the molecular mechanisms of nocturnal blooming and secondary metabolite production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high solubilization capacity with the aid of polymeric micelles (PM) is still a major challenge. To address this shortcoming, novel poly(jasmine lactone) (PJL)-based PM were developed and compared with Soluplus® and poly(lactide) copolymer. The presence of "ene" groups on PJL's backbone offers a unique opportunity to insert functional groups. We introduced -COOH and phenyl groups onto the PJL copolymer and observed a ∼334-fold increment in aqueous solubility of clotrimazole with -COOH-terminated PJL copolymer compared to Soluplus. We thus successfully demonstrated that the presence of appropriate free functional groups on the polymer chain can facilitate the solubilization potential of PM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thai jasmine rice holds immense economic significance both domestically and as a major export, making it a vital contributor to the Thai economy. Traditional and modern agricultural practices, centered around rice cultivation, play a pivotal role in the culture and economy of the Northeast region. However, concerns have arisen regarding rice production efficiency in recent times due to capital and labor availability challenges. Motivated by these concerns, this study employs a copula-based stochastic frontier modeling (copula-SFM) framework to investigate production efficiency empirically. The research is based on a sample of 397 farmers in the Northeast of Thailand. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is utilized to select the most appropriate model. The results indicate that the Gaussian copula-SFM outperforms other copula models. Notably, the study identifies total area, capital, and labor as critical factors significantly contributing to the positive impact on jasmine rice production. Furthermore, the research ranks provinces based on average technical efficiency (TE) scores, revealing Khon Kaen Province, Yasothon Province, and Roi Et Province as the top-performing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]