384 results on '"JAV"'
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2. JAV lietuviškų organizacijų ženkleliai: laisvamaniai, tautininkai, liberalai, socialistai ir komunistai (XX a. pirmoji pusė).
- Author
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REMECAS, Eduardas
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,TWENTIETH century ,BADGES ,SOCIALISM ,COMMUNISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Uncovering the Migration of Illicit Cultural Production: a Digital Ethnography of the JAV Industry and Fan Communities in China.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaolong
- Subjects
CULTURAL production ,CULTURAL industries ,MASS media policy ,SEX industry ,MANGA (Art) - Abstract
While many studies have examined Japan's cultural industries, including manga, anime, video games, and films, few have focused on the Japanese Adult Video (JAV) industry. The limited research on pornography represents a critical omission given the widespread popularity of such content among the global youth and the imperative to comprehend the migration patterns of problematic or illicit cultural production across borders. The paper takes the example of the JAV industry in China by adopting digital ethnography to illustrate the migration of such cultural production, where a government crackdown on pornography has led to Chinese fans becoming the primary cultural actors responsible for reproducing, distributing, and consuming JAVs. The absence of producers and intermediaries in this system implies that the state has eliminated any legitimate channels for producing and distributing adult entertainment content. The circulation of pornography is prohibited in China, which results in related materials being distributed through covert and challenging-to-regulate channels, such as seeds of the Magnet URI scheme and/or BitTorrent. Consequently, a group of enthusiastic pornography fans has surfaced on various platforms to share and exchange their materials. Therefore, this study has decided to start with the fan group to investigate the JAV's journey in China. By examining the hierarchy of JAV fan communities in the Chinese online context, the study suggests that external pressure from government crackdowns on pornographic materials has led to increased solidarity and harmony among Chinese JAV fans within their communities through politeness strategies and comradeship, which further weakened the hierarchy of fan communities. Additionally, the analysis of the popularity of Aoi Sora in China as a porn actress provides insight into the intricate mechanisms of cultural production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Kam priklausė nepriklausomieji: Nepriklausomų studentų sąjūdis 1951-1954 m.
- Author
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DAPKUTĖ, Daiva
- Subjects
DIASPORA ,LITHUANIANS ,STUDENTS - Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. TcJAV3–TcWRKY26 Cascade Is a Missing Link in the Jasmonate-Activated Expression of Taxol Biosynthesis Gene DBAT in Taxus chinensis.
- Author
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Chen, Li, Wu, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yu, Haiyang, Huang, Pingliang, Wang, Yuehua, Yao, Ruifeng, and Zhang, Meng
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *JASMONATE , *PACLITAXEL , *BIOSYNTHESIS , *METABOLITES , *METABOLIC regulation - Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are the most effective inducers for the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Currently, jasmonate ZIM domain (JAZ) and its interactors, such as MYC2, constitute the main JA signal transduction cascade, and such a cascade fails to directly regulate all the taxol biosynthesis genes, especially the rate-limit gene, DBAT. Another JA signaling branch, JAV and WRKY, would probably fill the gap. Here, TcJAV3 was the closest VQ-motif-containing protein in Taxus chinensis to AtJAV1. Although TcJAV3 was overexpressed in AtJAV1 knockdown mutant, JAVRi17, the enhanced disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea caused by silencing AtJAV1 was completely recovered. The results indicated that TcJAV3 indeed transduced JA signal as AtJAV1. Subsequently, TcWRKY26 was screened out to physically interact with TcJAV3 by using a yeast two-hybrid system. Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementary imaging also confirmed that TcJAV3 and TcWRKY26 could form a protein complex in vivo. Our previous reports showed that transient TcWRKY26 overexpression could remarkably increase DBAT expression. Yeast one-hybrid and luciferase activity assays revealed that TcWRKY26 could directly bind with the wa-box of the DBAT promoter to activate downstream reporter genes. All of these results indicated that TcWRKY26 acts as a direct regulator of DBAT, and the TcJAV3–TcWRKY26 complex is actually another JA signal transduction mode that effectively regulates taxol biosynthesis in Taxus. Our results revealed that JAV–WRKY complexes directly regulated DBAT gene in response to JA stimuli, providing a novel model for JA-regulated secondary metabolism. Moreover, JAV could also transduce JA signal and function non-redundantly with JAZ during the regulation of secondary metabolisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Lietuvos skolos Jungtinėms Amerikos Valstijoms XX a. 4-ajame dešimtmetyje klausimu.
- Author
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Skirius, Juozas
- Subjects
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WORLD War I , *PUBLIC debts , *NAZI Germany, 1933-1945 , *GOVERNMENT policy , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *WORLD War II - Abstract
This article examines the issue of Lithuania’s debt to the United States during the years 1934–1940, a debt period that has not yet been thoroughly analyzed by historians. Unlike the previous period, during this time, the Lithuanian government acknowledged the debt but, like other countries, did not make any payments towards the principal or interest until the outbreak of World War II and Soviet occupation. Similarly to Nazi Germany’s refusal to pay reparations to France, Great Britain, Italy, and other countries for the consequences of World War I, these mentioned states concurrently failed to fulfill their financial obligations to the United States. The Lithuanian government pursued a policy of non-payment, taking into account the position of major debtor nations, citing Lithuania’s economic difficulties, the loss of the Klaipėda Region, and the restoration of the Vilnius Region, among other factors. The Lithuanian authorities proceeded cautiously, valuing relations with the United States and hesitating for a long time to propose a new, favorable agreement on the debt issue to the Americans. Unlike the heads of Lithuania’s foreign affairs and finance ministries, Lithuanian envoy Povilas Žadeikis advocated debt reduction and repayment. He recognized the sensitive view of the debt issue held by American society and some segments of the Lithuanian diaspora, as well as the negative perception of debt non-payment by the U.S. Congress. The envoy justified his position by emphasizing the potential need for significant future moral and material support from the United States. Ultimately, the debt was not repaid, as the outbreak of World War II and its consequences relegated the debt issue to a secondary concern for the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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7. Two Narratives about Kosovo's Political Friends: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Articles in Two Newspapers.
- Author
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Muzbeg, Esin and Tahiri, Lindita
- Subjects
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BATTLE of Kosovo, 1389 , *MASS media , *NEWS agencies , *PUBLIC broadcasting , *CRITICAL discourse analysis - Abstract
This article analyzes the portrayal of the USA and NATO as Kosovo's friends in the Kosovan media discourse. The research will use the Critical Discourse Analysis based on the model by Van Dijk to demonstrate the production and continuity of the friendship discourse in the Kosovan media. Two daily media outlets are analyzed: Koha Ditore and Epoka e Re, focusing on the strategies used to construct the image of Kosovo's friends for the countries that have supported the independence of the new state of Kosovo. The ideological framing of the friendship discourse is pointed out as the dominant topic in these two mainstream newspapers, but on the other hand, the papers emphasize two different perspectives of using the discourse of friendship, which are adjusted to the editorial policies and persuasive goals of the respective papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. „Išraiškos šokio žingsniu": Vytauto Kavolio santarietiškos veiklos metmenys.
- Author
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DAPKUTĖ, Daiva
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS leaders ,STUDENT organizations ,YOUTH societies & clubs ,LITHUANIANS ,SOCIOLOGISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Trassel vid investeringar i trubbel : En analys av jäv och förtroendeskadliga förhållanden som uppstår vid tredjepartsfinansiering i dispositiva tvistemål
- Author
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Bäckström, Mattias and Bäckström, Mattias
- Published
- 2024
10. JO:s ämbetsberättelse – särskilt två fall av domarkritik
- Author
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Ribbing, Michaela and Ribbing, Michaela
- Abstract
I ROA avsnitt ROA 2024 nr 91 tas upp att JO lämnar årligen en ämbetsberättelse till riksdagen med en redogörelse för verksamheten tillsammans med ett urval av beslut. I avsnittet görs några nedslag kring verksamheten för år 2023. Dessutom tas upp de fall i ämbetsberättelsen där Chefs-JO riktat kritik mot domare i förvaltningsdomstol. Främst fokuseras på den viktiga vägledning JO ger kring domstolens upplysningsplikt till parter när beslut om omedelbart omhändertagande upphört och att även ersättare i en kommunal nämnd omfattas av jävsgrunden om ställföreträdarjäv. Justitieombudsmännens ämbetsberättelse 2023, redogörelse 2023/24:JO1 43 § lagen (2023:499) med instruktion för Riksdagens ombudsmän och punkt 3 i dess övergångsbestämmelser JO 2023/24 s. 95 och 987 § lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga 41 § förvaltningsprocesslagen (1971:291) jämförd med 4 kap. 13 § första stycket 4 rättegångsbalken, Rättslig områdesanalys, ROA, JUNO ; 2024 nr 91
- Published
- 2024
11. Rättsutredning: strukturfondspartnerskapens konstitutionella ställning, jäv m.m.
- Author
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Wenander, Henrik and Wenander, Henrik
- Abstract
Denna rättsutredning har tillkommit på uppdrag av Utredningen om hantering av EU-medel och ingår som en bilaga i utredningens slutbetänkande SOU 2024:22 (bilaga 4). Det övergripande temat är strukturfondspartnerskapens rättsliga status, men även ett antal andra frågor med relevans för utredningens arbete berörs, såsom jäv.
- Published
- 2024
12. Lietuvos ir JAV konsulinės sutarties sudarymas 1934–1940 metais.
- Author
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Skirius, Juozas
- Subjects
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AMBASSADORS , *CONSULS , *LITHUANIANS - Abstract
In the first decade of the Republic of Lithuania, trade with the United States of America was not favorable. A temporary trade agreement was signed in 1925 without a consular section. This partially hampered the activities of Lithuanian consuls in the United States, as they were lacking some privileges. Consuls, especially Povilas Žadeikis, constantly raised the idea of the need for a consular agreement. The ambassador, Bronius K. Balutis, spoke about the need to have a permanent trade and consular agreement, but the government of Kaunas felt there was no rush. The idea of a consular agreement was strongly reinforced only after Žadeikis became the ambassador of Lithuania to Washington. The ambassador urged the government of the Republic of Lithuania to conclude and sign the agreement. However, it was not until 1940 that the text of the consular agreement was finally agreed upon, signed in Washington, and ratified by US Congress. Unfortunately, the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940 prevented the ratification of the consular agreement in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, and exchange of said documents became impossible. The agreement was forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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13. SKAITMENINĖ GEOPOLITINĖ KONKURENCIJA DIRBTINIO INTELEKTO AMŽIUJE: JUNGTINIŲ AMERIKOS VALSTIJŲ, KINIJOS IR EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS VIZIJOS.
- Author
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JAKNIŪNAITĖ, DOVILĖ and LINGEVIČIUS, JUSTINAS
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DISCURSIVE practices ,DISCOURSE analysis ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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14. „Išraiškos šokio žingsniu": Vytauto Kavolio santarietiškos veiklos metmenys.
- Author
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DAPKUTĖ, Daiva
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS leaders ,STUDENT organizations ,YOUTH societies & clubs ,LITHUANIANS ,SOCIOLOGISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Lietuvių diasporos dokumentinis paveldas: susigrąžinimo, pažinimo ir tyrimų problemos
- Author
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Dapkutė, Daiva
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Archyvai / Archives ,Kultūros paveldas / Cultural heritage ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Australija (Australia) ,General Medicine ,Vokietija (Germany) ,Kanada (Canada) ,Dokumentų tvarkymas / Documentation ,Migracija / Migration - Abstract
Nuo XIX a. pabaigos iki šių dienų emigracijoje buvo sukurta daug kultūrinių vertybių. Išsaugoti ir pažinti pavyksta tik nedidelę dalį lietuvių diasporos dokumentinio paveldo. Dalį jo neišvengiamai sunaikino laikas, o likęs išsibarstęs įvairiose archyvinėse institucijose ir privačiuose archyvuose Lietuvoje, Kanadoje, JAV, Australijoje, Vokietijoje, kituose kraštuose. Straipsnyje siekiama plačiau pristatyti lietuvių diasporos dokumentinio paveldo likimo problemas: kiek Lietuva rūpinasi šio paveldo išsaugojimu ir susigrąžinimu, su kokiomis problemomis susiduria išeivijos kolekcijas saugančios ir tvarkančios institucijos, kiek šis paveldas yra žinomas, atpažįstamas ir tyrinėjamas. Remiantis Kaune prie Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto beveik 30 metų veikiančio Lietuvių išeivijos instituto patirtimi aptariami tiek Lietuvai, tiek išeivijai aktualūs lietuvių diasporos dokumentinio paveldo likimo klausimai; analizuojamos išeivijos kultūrinio paveldo aktualumo, archyvų išsibarstymo, išsaugojimo, prieinamumo, tyrimų bei sklaidos problemos. Esminiai žodžiai: lietuvių diaspora, archyvai, paveldas, išsaugojimas, tyrimai, sklaida. During the three decades of independent Lithuania, a lot of important work was done in preserving and researching the documentary heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora. Various state institutions have expressed concern about the fate of the archival heritage of the diaspora, and the documentary heritage of the diaspora, its search, and the accumulation of information in state strategic documents, have been identified as significant barriers to the activities of state institutions for almost two decades. The work of identifying and recovering heritage important to Lithuania abroad is successfully underway, and collections of diaspora cultural heritage are returning to Lithuania from various parts of the world. During these decades, many important studies of the cultural history of the diaspora have been conducted, and a number of books and monographs have been published. Still, the history of the Lithuanian diaspora, its documentary heritage, remains a little-known and rather foreign thing to Lithuanian society. The article discusses the issues of the fate of the documentary heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora and analyzes the relevance, dispersion, preservation, accessibility, research, and dissemination of cultural heritage, which are faced by the institutions protecting the documentary heritage operating both in Lithuania and abroad. From the end of the 19th century to the present day, many cultural values were created through emigration. Only a small part of the documentary heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora has been preserved and known, part of which was inevitably destroyed by time, and the rest is kept in various institutions and private archives in Lithuania, Canada, the USA, Australia, Germany, and other countries. The heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora, which is disappearing rather rapidly in various countries, remains one of the most pressing problems to this day. As the number of representatives of the Lithuanian diaspora who created and preserved this heritage decreases, the questions of the fate of this archival heritage become more and more relevant. In Lithuania, there is still no unified information archiving system of the documentary heritage related to Lithuania located abroad: there is a lack of information on which and how many are the diaspora archives, and in which institutions they are stored. Archives that have returned to Lithuania are scattered among various cities and towns, museums, libraries, state archives, and scientific institutions, where their storage, management, and digitization work is strongly influenced by the availability of financial and human resources. Institutions protecting the historical heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora are increasingly faced with the problems of identifying and evaluating this heritage, because: a) the ranks of the actors of the cultural life of the diaspora who created, preserved and can recognize this documentary heritage are constantly thinning, and the young generation of diaspora is almost not interested in the legacy of their parents; b) in Lithuania, there is a decrease in the number of specialists working and researching the history of the diaspora. In order for the documentary heritage of the Lithuanian diaspora not to be condemned to oblivion, it is not enough just to take care of the preservation of these diaspora archives, their transportation to Lithuania, and their safe storage in archive storage facilities: it is necessary to research and get to know it so that this heritage becomes its own, important and necessary part of the historical legacy of the Lithuanian nation. Keywords: Lithuanian diaspora, archives, heritage, preservation, research, dissemination.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. ATRADIMAI: (NE)ŽINOMAS VYTAUTAS KAVOLIS: KELETAS LAIŠKŲ KOSTUI OSTRAUSKUI.
- Author
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DAPKUTĖ, DAIVA
- Subjects
NEWSPAPER sections, columns, etc. ,STUDENT unions ,STUDENT development ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,HISTORIANS - Abstract
Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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17. Historical Narrative for Constructing National Identity: The Case of the English- Language Lithuanian American Cultural Press in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century.
- Author
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Budriūnienė, Jolanta
- Subjects
- *
LITHUANIAN prints , *PUBLISHING , *DIASPORA , *NATIONALISM - Abstract
The origins of the Lithuanian press as an especially important means of communication among the members of the Lithuanian diaspora date back to the 19th century. Historical events related to Lithuania’s political situation, i.e., occupations and the establishment and consolidation of the country’s independence, played a significant role in the formation and development of the Lithuanian press in a foreign language. The first attempts to familiarize Americans with the situation of Lithuania and its people in the Russian Empire, and therefore to shape public opinion in order to contribute to the homeland’s national revival and liberation movement, took place in the early 20th century. The political events of the mid-20th century encouraged Lithuanian immigrants to rally their support for the restoration of the independence of the state. The English-language cultural press, most of which was published in the USA, constitute the majority of the second half of the 20th century Lithuanian diaspora press body. These include the publications by the publishing houses, Manyland Books and Lithuanian Library Press, and a quarterly journal, Lituanus. The initiatives by the Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, Lithuanian Encyclopedia and other publishers are also worth of mentioning. National identity based on the state, community and its members, and common values and traditions, was the unifying feature of the English-language Lithuanian cultural press. The historical narrative, as one of the most important and decisive representations of national identity, stood out in all publications. This article examines how different publishers, using genre diversity of texts and a broad spectrum of historic topics, were able to create an identity construct of the individual and the country. The article also looks into the general features of content dissemination in the USA, Western Europe and Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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18. CULTURAL PROFILE OF A BRAND: STARBUCKS CASE.
- Author
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Manolica, Adriana, Bahova, Marina, Roman, Teodora, Abrudan, Maria-Madela, and Nistor, George-Cristian
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BRANDING (Marketing) ,BRAND image ,BRAND personification ,CONSUMER preferences ,CROSS-cultural differences - Abstract
Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
19. Neapleiskime Tėvynės: Juozo Tumo-Vaižganto antiemigracinė veikla.
- Author
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DAPKUTĖ, DAIVA
- Subjects
MASS migrations ,CITIES & towns ,NINETEENTH century ,TWENTIETH century ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CATHOLIC clergy ,CATHOLIC priests - Abstract
Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
20. Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS
- Author
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Everson, Michael
- Subjects
Unicode ,writing system ,Javanese ,iso 639-3 ,jav ,san ,sun ,sas ,iso 15924 ,Java - Abstract
This is a proposal to encode the Javanese script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. The script was published in Unicode Standard version 5.2 in October 2009. Javanese script is used to write the Javanese language and other languages, including Sanskrit, Sundanese, and Sasak. In 1928 Bahasa Indonesia, which is written with Latin letters, became the national language of Indonesia; it eventually became the predominant language, eclipsing other languages and scripts.
- Published
- 2007
21. Baltic Archaeology, Cultural History, Ancient Lithuanian Symbolism, Old Europe, and the Archaeomythology of Marija Gimbutas
- Author
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Marler, Joan
- Subjects
Baltai / Balts ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Archeology ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region) ,Mitologija / Mythology ,Kaunas. Kauno kraštas (Kaunas region) ,Jonas Puzinas ,Marija Gimbutienė (Marija Gimbutas) - Abstract
Marija Alseikaitė-Gimbutienė (Gimbutas) (1921-1994) gimė ir užaugo Lietuvoje, gydytojų, mokslininkų, istorikų ir intelektualų šeimoje. Buvo atsidavusi lietuvių kalbos, tapatybės ir liaudies kultūros išsaugojimui. Ji studijavo archeologiją pas profesorių dr. Joną Puziną, kuris buvo pirmasis aukštuosius mokslus baigęs archeologas nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje (1918-1940). Jo sistemingi kursai Vytauto Didžiojo universitete Kaune ir Vilniaus universitete padėjo šios disciplinos mokslinį pagrindą. Marija Gimbutienė buvo atsidėjusi mokslui. Ji nuodugniai studijavo Rytų Europos archeologijos, baltų priešistorės, indoeuropiečių kalbotyros, etnologijos, istorijos, tautosakos, mitologijos ir Europos kalbų dalykus, kuriuos jai dėstė geriausi tų sričių Lietuvos mokslininkai. Ji dalyvavo etnografinėse ekspedicijose, jose rinko tautosaką ir kaimo moterų išsaugotus dainų žodžius. 1942 m. Vilniaus universitete įgijo magistro laipsnį apgynusi baigiamąjį darbą "Laidosena Lietuvoje geležies amžiuje". 1946 m. Tiubingeno universitete Vokietijoje ji įgijo archeologijos daktaro laipsnį. 1949 m. Marija Gimbutienė emigravo į Jungtines Amerikos Valstijas. Savo mokslinių tyrimų ir rašymo metais Harvardo universitete, o vėliau dirbdama Europos archeologijos profesore Kalifornijos universitete Los Andžele, Marija Gimbutienė buvo pripažinta pasaulinio lygio Rytų Europos priešistorės ir indoeuropiečių bronzos amžiaus žinove. Šiame straipsnyje pasakojama apie nuostabų Marijos Gimbutienės stambių knygų bei straipsnių rašymą ir pasiekimus moksle, kuriuos paskatino jos daugiadalykis išsilavinimas, įgytas Lietuvoje. Be to, aptariama jos dėmesys lietuvių liaudies simbolikai, kurganų hipotezės formuluotė ir kasinėjimai Pietryčių Europoje. Taip pat nagrinėjama jos skelbta Senosios Europos, kaip taikios, matrifokalinės, ne indoeuropietiškos civilizacijos, teorija, tarpdalykinė archeomitologijos formuluotė ir senovės žemės, kaip gyvybės šaltinio, garbinimo pripažinimas. Be viso to, šis straipsnis aprašo Marijos Gimbutienės sugrįžimą į Lietuvą metai prieš jos mirtį, kai jai buvo suteiktas Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto garbės daktaro vardas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Marija Gimbutas, Jonas Puzinas, baltai, Senoji Europa, archeomitologija. Marija Alseikaitė-Gimbutienė (Gimbutas) (1921-1994) was born and raised in Lithuania within a family of physicians and intellectuals devoted to the preservation of Lithuanian folk culture. She studied archaeology with Professor Jonas Puzinas who was the first scientifically trained archaeologist in independent Lithuania. Marija Gimbutas was thoroughly trained in Eastern European archaeology, Baltic prehistory, Indo-European linguistics, ethnology, history, folklore, mythology, and European languages taught by the most accomplished Lithuanian scholars in their fields. In 1942 she earned a Master՚s degree at Vilnius University for her thesis on "Burial Practices in the Lithuanian Iron Age." In 1946 she earned her doctorate in archaeology from Tübingen University in Germany before immigrating to the United States in 1949. This paper traces her prodigious production of major publications and scholarly achievements fostered by her multidisciplinary education in Lithuania. It discusses the development of her Kurgan hypothesis, her excavations in Southeastern Europe, her theory of Old Europe, her formulation of archaeomythology, and the ancient veneration of the earth as the source of life. Keywords: Marija Gimbutas, Jonas Puzinas, The Balts, Old Europe, archaeomythology.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Background to the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942: The Problem of Compromise Solutions for Lithuania (The Baltic States)
- Author
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Laurinavičius, Česlovas
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Cultural Studies ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Franklinas Delanas Ruzveltas ,Galia ,Rusija (Rossija ,Rusijos Federacija ,Rossijskaja Federacija ,Rusijos imperija ,Carinė Rusija ,Russia) ,Religious studies ,20th century ,Vinstonas Čerčilis ,Treaty ,Jungtinė Karalystė (Didžioji Britanija ,Great Britain ,United Kingdom, UK, GB) ,Valstybės veikėjai ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Statesmen ,Josifas Stalinas ,Power ,Latvija (Latvia) ,Saugumas / Safety ,Estija (Estonia) ,Sutartys ,Bendradarbiavimas / Cooperation - Abstract
1942 m. pavasarį užsienio reikalų sekretorius Anthony Edenas, ruošdamas Jungtinės Karalystės ir Sovietų Sąjungos strateginio bendradarbiavimo sutartį, kaip galimo kompromiso su Stalinu variantą parengė projektus, kuriais buvo numatyta riboto Baltijos valstybių suvereniteto galimybė. Teoriškai galima samprotauti, kad jeigu kompromisas būtų įgyvendintas, sovietai būtų gavę galimybę steigti Rytų Pabaltijyje savo karines bazes, bet Baltijos valstybės būtų išsaugojusios tam tikrą savarankiškumą – tai galėjo turėti palankesnes pasekmes tiek baltų nacijoms, tiek visam Vidurio Rytų Europos regionui. Henry'io Kissingerio nuomone, pasiekti kompromisą su Stalinu sutrukdė JAV prezidento Franklino D. Roosevelto idealizmas. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidžia Baltijos valstybių veiksnio vietą didžiosios politikos „virtuvėje“ ir leidžia teigti, kad Baltijos valstybių klausimo raidai negatyvų poveikį turėjo didžiųjų valstybių tarpusavio varžybos dėl galios ir dominavimo. In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime goal of those big states, to seek power and dominance. Keywords: Anthony Eden, Summner Welles, Adolf Berle, Atlantic Charter, security, cooperation in trust, ascendancy.
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- 2022
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23. JAV LIETUVIŲ KULTŪRINĖ SPAUDA ANGLŲ KALBA (1950-1990) LIETUVIŠKOSIOS TAPATYBĖS SKLAIDOS ASPEKTU.
- Author
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Budriūnienė, Jolanta
- Subjects
- *
LITHUANIAN language , *WORLD War II , *NINETEENTH century , *TWENTIETH century , *NATIONALISM - Abstract
The article examines the publication of the cultural press in English by the Lithuanian community in the United States (1950-1990), focusing on the analysis of the need for such a press and its intended addressee. The article is based on the analysis of the content of the mentioned publishing production, works dedicated to the history of the Lithuanian diaspora of this period. By reviewing the research of the Lithuanian press in the USA in the 2nd half of the 20th century, it has to be noticed that this field of research has not yet sufficiently exhausted, although the general research of the Lithuanian diaspora is really abundant. However, they mainly focus on the historical, sociological, literary, linguistic description of the problems of the diaspora and migration. Research on publishing of the Lithuanian diaspora in the Lithuanian language in the early period (end of the 19th century - first half of the 20th century) has been carried out and published in the scientific works of Ass. Prof. Dr. Bronius Raguotis, Prof. Dr. Remigijus Misiūnas. At the end of World War II, the tendencies of the press of other languages of Lithuanians, who chose a forced exile, in the conditions of DP (DP - displaced people) were also presented by Prof. Dr. R. Misiūnas. A detailed analysis of the Lithuanian cultural press published in the German DP camps was presented in the monograph by Prof. Dr. Dalia Kuizinienė. Meanwhile, the press of other languages of Lithuanian communities in both the United States and other foreign countries had not yet reached the attention of researchers. In the presented study, Pierre Bourdieu, a theorist of literary sociology, uses the insights of literature as an important social factor covering all elements of cultural practice and allows for a systematic interpretation of their interrelationships; the approaches of the communication strategy of the Lithuanian American cultural press in English are analyzed. The article presents the main content of the cultural press and the social and cultural environment that formed the background of its creation, as well as the efforts of the creators of the cultural press and the ideological attitudes of the intellectuals and ideological leaders of the community that determined them. The article concludes that the main addressee of this press - members of the US communities, while the main focus of the content is the representation of symbols of the Lithuanian national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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24. NUO „SUMUŠTINIO” IKI „SANTAROS”: NERIMTAI RIMTI JAV LIETUVIŲ STUDENTŲ LEIDINIAI.
- Author
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Dapkutė, Daiva
- Subjects
- *
AMERICANS , *STUDENT unions , *ARCHIVES , *STUDENT publications , *PERIODICAL publishing , *DIASPORA - Abstract
Following World War II, Lithuanian academic youth, who found themselves and continued their studies at the US universities, joined various organizations, as a result active social, cultural and societal life of students took place. The main organizations uniting Lithuanian students in the US (the Lithuanian Student Union, the Catholic Student Union Ateitis, the Academic Scout Movement, the Lithuanian student group Santara) perceiving the impact of information, took special care of their press publications that had become one of the main tools in helping to gather academic youth, to disseminate organizational / ideological ideas not only among students but also among the wider society. This article presents and analyzes one-time and continuous publications published by Lithuanian students in the US, which have not received wider attention from researchers so far. The main attention is focused on the publications published by one of the organizations - Lithuanian student group Santara (since 1957 Santara-Šviesa Federations), as well as the analysis of the publications published by other organizations - the Lithuanian Student Union, the Academic Scout Movement, the Catholic Student Union Ateitis - their repertoire, content, significance in student life. The study covers the period of the 1950s-1960s allowing the observation of the most intensive activity of Lithuanian students in the US, their active participation in the public life of the Lithuanian community and a great deal of attention to own press problems. At that time, the main Lithuanian student organizations published various publications for their members and the general public: from one-time (humorous, occasional or camp) publications, newsletters intended for members only to successful and none too successful attempts to publish their own periodicals. The Lithuanian American Student Union established in 1951 for the purpose of informing members since March 1954 began publishing Lietuvių Studentų Sąjungos JAV biuletenis (the US Newsletter of the Lithuanian Student Union), which soon became a serious student magazine, Studentų gairės (Student Guidelines), published by in a printing house, and from 1954, students launched the English-language magazine Lituanus, which became an academic magazine for foreigners, published to this day. Ideological organizations (scouts, members of Ateitis and Santara), which had student columns in the major Lithuanian press, and published various one-time or continuous publications, took a very active part in the press work. The organizations had their own newsletters: the Academic Scout Movement (ASM) published the newsletter Ad meliorem for ASM members, the Catholic Student Union Ateitis in Cleveland since 1951 published Gaudeamus, in 1957-1961, Santara published the newsletter Žvilgsniai (Glances). Newsletters of separate columns (such as New Yorko Santara - New York Santara) also appeared, although they were irregular, often only published for a short time. Various one-off publications were popular among young people: occasional, humoristic (e. g. Krambambulis, Sumuštinis - Sandwich), a gathering or a camp publications (Arielkon - To Homemade Vodka, Niekšybės paslaptis - The Secret of Villainy, Po nemigos - After Insomnia etc.). These publications were self-published in a very small circulation and distributed only among members of the organization. Many of them have not survived or if survived are kept by private archives or archival institutions. The place of publication and circulation of these publications were usually not indicated, unmarked; publishers, editors, authors of articles and illustrations are left unknown, periodicity of publications and even the number of published publications - unclear. The content of most student published publications was analogous. The publications contained a variety of information - from serious texts analyzing issues on Lithuanian identity and social activities relevant to the young generation of the diaspora, as well as brief organizational information, humour columns, photographs and friendly banter addressed to self and colleagues. Despite their quality and sometimes seemingly insignificant content, these publications become an important, often the only one source revealing to researchers the peculiarities of the little-known American youth camping, the peculiarities of student social and community life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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25. „Galima būti ir geru Amerikos piliečiu, ir geru lietuviu”. Antano Olio kalbos.
- Author
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Dapkutė, Daiva
- Abstract
The article briefly presents Antanas Olis (1898-1958), a Lithuanian public figure, politician, lawyer of the United States, with his speeches to Lithuanian Americans published in 1949 and 1958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. 1965 m. lapkričio 13 d. baltiečių jaunimo žygis į Jungtines Tautas.
- Author
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Dapkutė, Daiva
- Abstract
During the Soviet occupation, Lithuanians living abroad represented Lithuania in the West, concentrating on the so-called Freedom Case of Lithuania. Efforts through various political diplomatic actions were made to constantly remind the world of the occupation of Lithuania and other Baltic countries and the aspirations for the independence of these nations. One of the largest political campaigns organized by young people of that time was "the march to the United Nations" which took place in New York in November 13th, 1965, gaining widespread public support and strengthening the bond and cooperation of the young generation of the three Baltic nations (Lithuanian-Latvian-Estonian). During this political campaign, the West was reminded of the issue of the Baltic nations, thus information reached not only US but also politicians from other countries and other members of the United Nations. The youth march continued in 1966, when a joint organisation of Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians "Baltic Appeal to the United Nations" (BATUN) was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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27. ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE DAIRY FARMING PRACTICES IN THE EU AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
- Author
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Greblikaitė, Jolita, Astrovienė, Judita, and Rakštys, Rolandas
- Subjects
Naujoji Zelandija (New Zealand) ,Žemės ūkis / Agriculture ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Sustainable agriculture ,Tvarumas ,Kinija (China) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Sustainability ,Suomija (Finland) ,Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė ,Rzeczpospolita Polska ,Kingdom of Poland ,Poland) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Nyderlandai (Netherlands) ,Dairy farms ,Pieno ūkis ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This article aims to analyse the concept of a sustainable dairy farm and review sustainable dairy farming experience in EU countries. Theoretical aspects of sustainable farming are analysed during the research; namely, the analysis of EU legal, strategic, and other documents is performed; an overview of research, EU reports, and other documents on sustainable farming is conducted as well as an analysis of international experience in assessing sustainable farming systems in the dairy farm is carried out. The most targeted countries leading the dairy industry and their experience are dealt with. Experience of the USA, New Zealand, China, and EU countries (the Netherlands, Finland, Poland) in implementing sustainability principles in dairy farms is viewed. The study revealed that the leading dairy countries pay a lot of attention to implementing sustainability principles in introducing the planned EU strategies and recommendations and being willing to operate competitively in the global market. At the same time, agriculture is aimed to be viewed as an attractive sector for work and to be adjusted to the development of common sustainability strategies of the countries. EU countries are also focusing on research, modernization, and sustainability of the dairy sector.
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- 2022
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28. Marijos Gimbutienės ryšiai su sovietų Lietuva ir jų refleksija JAV lietuvių spaudoje
- Author
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Cidzikaitė, Dalia
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Mokslininkai / Scientists ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Spauda / Press ,General Medicine ,Marija Gimbutienė (Marija Gimbutas) - Abstract
Vartant XX a. antrosios pusės JAV lietuvių spaudą susidaro įspūdis, kad Marija Gimbutienė ir jos veikla – tiek mokslinė, tiek visuomeninė – buvo atidžiai stebima ir vertinama išeivijos lietuvių. To meto JAV lietuvių spaudoje randame užfiksuotus visus svarbiausius dr. M. Gimbutienės profesinės karjeros ir akademinės veiklos įvykius: nuo straipsnių apie dalyvavimą konferencijose, išleistas knygas, paskaitas vietos lietuviams iki išsamių mokslininkės plačiašakės veiklos apžvalgų. Neliko nepastebėti ir jos apsilankymai sovietų Lietuvoje XX a. 7 dešimtmetyje ir vėliau. Būtent šios kelionės JAV lietuvių spaudoje sukėlė tikrą audrą, kurioje špagas viešai sukryžiavo Bronys Raila, „Dirvoje“ gynęs M. Gimbutienę, ir Juozas Kojelis, žurnale „Į laisvę“, dienraštyje „Draugas“ ir kitur ironiškai komentavęs ne tik mokslininkės „vaisingą bendradarbiavimą su tarybiniais etnografais“, bet ir pro didinamąjį stiklą žvelgęs į jos iniciatyva 1964 m. Kalifornijos universitete Los Andžele suorganizuotą Kristijono Donelaičio 250-ųjų gimimo metinių minėjimą, 1966–1967 m. tame pačiame universitete jos surengtą lietuvių liaudies meno parodą, nuo 7 dešimtmečio dėstomą lietuvių kalbos kursą. Pati M. Gimbutienė šioje beveik trejus metus užsitęsusioje „diskusijoje“ nedalyvavo. Reakcingesnių vietos lietuvių neretai vadinta „komuniste“, mokslininkė buvo viena pirmųjų, atvirai nedeklaravusių, bet savo veiksmais drąsiai rėmusių XX a. antrojoje pusėje liberaliosios JAV lietuvių visuomenės dalies, kuriai atstovavo 1957 m. įkurta „Santaros-Šviesos“ federacija, žurnalas „Metmenys“ ir mėnraštis „Akiračiai“, propaguotą laikyseną „veidu į Lietuvą“. Raktažodžiai: Marija Gimbutienė (Gimbutas), ryšiai su Lietuva, veidu į Lietuvą, JAV lietuvių diaspora, JAV lietuvių spauda. The American-Lithuanian press of the second half of the 20th century closely observed and discussed Marija Gimbutienė’s works and activities. It recorded almost all most important events in Dr. Gimbutienė’s professional career and academic life, from books she wrote, conferences she attended and lectures she delivered to detailed reviews of her extensive activities. Gimbutienė’s visits to Soviet Lithuania in the 1960s and beyond were also noticed. Her visits to the USSR caused a real storm in the American-Lithuanian press, where two main protagonists, Bronys Raila and Juozas Kojelis, fought on the opposite sides. Raila publicly defended Gimbutienė in newspaper “Dirva,” whereas Kojelis commented ironically on Gimbutienė’s “prolific cooperation with Soviet ethnographers” in the journal “Į laisvę” and elsewhere. The latter looked through a magnifying glass at the commemoration of the bicentenary of the death of Kristijonas Donelaitis, which Gimbutienė initiated in 1964, at the exhibition of Lithuanian folk art organized by her at the UCLA in 1966–1967, and at the Lithuanian language course she taught at the UCLA from the 1960s onwards. She herself did not take part in the “discussion,” which lasted for almost three years. Gimbutienė, often called a “communist” by the more reactive local Lithuanians, was among the first American-Lithuanians, who did not simply declare but showed her support for the program, which slogan at the time was “veidu į Lietuvą” [facing Lithuania]. Keywords: Marija Gimbutienė (Gimbutas), relations with Lithuania, “facing Lithuania,” American Lithuanian diaspora, American-Lithuanian press.
- Published
- 2022
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29. Konstruktyvizmo ištakos ankstyvojoje Jono Švedo (1927–1981) kūryboje
- Author
-
Ishii, Yusuke
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Muzika / Music ,Bela Bartókas ,Jonas Švedas ,Migracija / Migration - Abstract
2022 ir 2023 m. straipsnio autorius stažavosi Lituanistikos tyrimo centre (toliau – LTC) Čikagos priemiestyje, Lemonte, ir surinko duomenis apie lietuvių išeivijos kompozitorius, tarp kurių yra ir Jonas Švedas (1927–1981). Straipsnyje aptariamas šio kompozitoriaus kūrybinio braižo formavimosi procesas bei jame išryškėję muzikinės kalbos ypatumai, apsiribojant ankstyvuoju kūrybos laikotarpiu iki 1960-ųjų. Sugretinus iki šiol paskelbtus ir autoriaus JAV surinktus duomenis, pastebėta, kad nesutampa kūrinių sukūrimo metai. Išnagrinėjus kompozitoriaus rankraščius ir patikslinus jo kūrybos chronologiją, išryškėjo kūrinių sukūrimo metų painiavos priežastimi tapusi J. Švedui būdinga komponavimo praktika – perkomponavimas. Atsekant perkomponavimo eigą, straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti ne tik ankstyvosios J. Švedo kūrybos ypatumus – Belos Bartóko (1881–1945) įtaką ir chromatinio užpildymo (chromatic completion) techniką, bet ir originalų jo komponavimo sprendimą – liaudies dainos dekontekstualizavimą. Visa tai laikytina jo konstruktyvizmo, besiformavusio ankstyvuoju laikotarpiu, ištakomis. J. Švedo kūrybinėje strategijoje įžvelgiama ne tik analogija su B. Bartóku, bet ir šio lietuvių kompozitoriaus kaip modernisto išsiskirianti pozicija lietuvių išeivijos muzikos kontekste. Raktažodžiai: Jonas Švedas, lietuvių išeivija JAV, Bela Bartókas, perkomponavimas, chromatinis užpildymas, konstruktyvizmas. In 2022 and 2023, the author of the paper had an opportunity to conduct research at the Lithuanian Research Center in Lemont located in the suburbs of Chicago and to collect data on composers of the Lithuanian diaspora in the USA, including Jonas Švedas (1927–1981). The article discusses the process of the formation of Švedas’s composition style and the features of the musical language in the early period of his life up to 1960. After comparing the data ever published and the data collected by the author in the USA, discrepancies in the years of the creation of his works were noticed. After examining the composer’s manuscripts and reconstructing a more accurate chronology of his work, it turned out that the chronological discrepancy was due to the composer’s frequent recompositions. By tracing the process of recomposing, the article aims to reveal not only the features of Jonas Švedas’s early work, such as the influence of Bela Bartók or the technique of chromatic completion, but also the constructive decision of his composition – the decontextualization of the folk song. The manifestation of constructivism can be seen in his compositional strategy, which is significantly different from the usual adaptation of folklore used by Lithuanian composers, or the method of weaving folklore into the fabric of modern sound used by Lithuanian modernists. Keywords: Jonas Švedas, Lithuanian immigrants in the USA, Bela Bartók, recomposition, chromatic completion, constructivism.
- Published
- 2023
30. Vakarų civilizacijos raidos perspektyvos: dėl ko (ne)sutaria europiečiai ir amerikiečiai?
- Author
-
Stepukonis, Aivaras
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Ukraina (Ukraine) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Rusija (Rossija ,Rusijos Federacija ,Rossijskaja Federacija ,Rusijos imperija ,Carinė Rusija ,Russia) ,Europos Sąjunga / European Union ,Kultūra / Culture - Abstract
Vakarai, visų pirma Europos Sąjunga ir Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos, atsiliepdami į Rusijos ir Ukrainos karą (2014–), parodė nepaprastą vienybę ir sanglaudą, remdami Ukrainos, kaip suverenios demokratinės valstybės, teisę ginti savo nepriklausomybę ir teritorinį vientisumą. Vis dėlto ši civilizacinė vienybė Vakaruose gali būti trumpalaikė. Esama svaraus pagrindo kelti hipotezę, kad Europą ir Šiaurės Ameriką skaldo pamatiniai nesutarimai tiek dėl dabartinės žmonijos istorijos būklės, tiek dėl jos ateities raidos, įskaitant tarptautinius politinius mechanizmus, kuriais ta raida turėtų būti įgyvendinama. Jei ši takoskyra nebus laiku suvaldyta, Vakarų civilizacija gali skilti į dvi dalis. Ar galima išsaugoti vieningus Vakarus? Straipsnyje argumentuojama, kad įmanoma tai padaryti, išsprendus du paradoksus: vieną tektų spręsti Europos Sąjungai, o kitą – Jungtinėms Valstijoms. Raktažodžiai: Vakarų civilizacija, Europa, Amerika, vienybė, skilimas. The West, primarily the European Union and the United States of America, have shown a remarkable unity and cohesion in their response to the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–), upholding the right of Ukraine as a sovereign democratic state to defend its independence and territorial integrity. However, this civilizational unity in the West may be short-lived. There are pressing reasons for the hypothesis that Europe and North America are at structural odds concerning the current state and future course of human history, including the international political mechanisms by which that course should be implemented. If this divergence is not managed on a timely basis, it may fracture Western civilization into two. Will the West be preserved? The article argues that it may be preserved by unraveling two paradoxes: one for the European Union and one for the United States. Key words: Western civilization, Europe, America, unity, division.
- Published
- 2023
31. Amplitude of cello extended techniques and tendencies of its development in the twentieth–twenty-first century
- Author
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Kaminskaitė-Rudic, Gintarė
- Subjects
Sąvokos ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Muzika / Music ,Instrumentai ,Grojimas ,Meninis ugdymas / Art education - Abstract
Straipsnyje analizuojamos skirtingos 'išplėstinės technikos' sąvokos traktuotės, kurias vartoja atlikėjai-tyrėjai, kompozitoriai ir neakademinės muzikos atstovai. Pasitelkiant ir neakademinės muzikos metodinę literatūrą bei empirinę muzikantų patirtį, atskleidžiami sąvokos 'išplėstinės technikos' koncepcijų ir terminijos skirtumai, apžvelgiamos naujausios tendencijos, išryškinama takoskyra tarp violončelės atlikimo meno plėtros Europoje ir JAV. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į nesusikalbėjimo problemą, kylančią iš skirtingos sąvokos percepcijos ir skatinančią ieškoti bei įtvirtinti naujas multistilistines atlikimo meno perspektyvas. Raktažodžiai: išplėstinės technikos, sąvoka, violončelė, klasifikacija. In the twentieth century, increasing focus on the parameter of the musical timbre led to numerous experiments with sound producing techniques on different instruments. A need for a generalising concept to describe such a phenomenon started to arise. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, the term of extended techniques was established. It is used widely today despite the fact that there is no fixed definition of what techniques or approaches it includes. Instead, we see interpretational differences by various authors. We can notice different insights in research done by performers and composers. Non-academic music performers introduce their own unique approaches as well. There are differences in the vocabulary, and the distinction between academic and non-academic musical training is emphasised. Looking at the latest methodological literature, we can assume that intensive experimentation with sound producing methods is taking place in the non-academic field and a new approach to the cello is being established in various musical styles. We also notice that this process is taking place more widely in the US than in Europe where the tradition of classical music is firmly established. The article raises the question of what exactly should be classified as extended techniques and whether the new twenty-first-century multistylistic techniques can be perceived as the next step. It is concluded that different terminology, individual approaches of researchers, and differences in training between academic and non-academic music performers hinder a unified generalisation. The author suggests that the amplitude of the instrument’s possibilities is still expanding, and recently the initiative has been taken over by performers who explore different musical styles. Keywords: extended techniques, concept, cello, classification.
- Published
- 2023
32. Профессор А. А. Сокольский – русский эмигрант из Литвы, переписавший историю флоридского «Санкт Петербурга
- Author
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Marcinkevičius, Andrius
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,periodicals ,memoirs ,Anatole Sokolsky ,JAV, atsiminimai ,Lithuania ,диаспора ,diaspora ,periodika ,Atsiminimai / Memories ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,США ,Rusai / Russians ,Lietuva ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Anatolijus Sokolskis ,воспоминания, периодика ,Periodika ,Литва ,USA ,Анатолий Сокольский - Abstract
В статье рассматриваются биография и общественная деятельность русского политического бе- женца из Литвы, юриста, профессора русского языка и литературы университета Южной Флориды Анатолия Сокольского (1903–2006). Материалом для исследования служат воспоминания и статьи, опубликованные им в период жизни в США. В качестве вспомогательных источников использовались документы из Центрального государственного архива Литвы и личного архива семьи Сокольского. История, творческое и литературное наследие русских интеллигентов, бежавших из Литвы от советской власти во время Второй мировой войны (1939–1945), редко подвергаются научному анализу. Исследование публицистики Сокольского, хотя оно и не относится к профессиональному творчеству, позволяет взглянуть не только на личную судьбу и мировоззрение автора, плоды его общественной деятельности в пользу русской диаспоры, но и восполнить картину жизни рус- ских интеллигентов Литвы в межвоенный период, а также во время Второй мировой войны и эмиграции на Запад., Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Antrojo pasaulinio karo laikotarpio rusų kilmės emigranto iš Lietuvos, teisininko, Pietų Floridos universiteto rusų kalbos ir literatūros profesoriaus Anatolijaus Aleksejevičiaus Sokolskio (1903–2006) biografija ir visuomeninė veikla. Tyrimo empirinį pagrindą sudaro šios žmogaus gyvenimo JAV laikotarpiu publikuoti atsiminimai ir straipsniai. Kaip pagalbiniais šaltiniais remtasi Lietuvos centrinio valstybės archyvo ir privataus Sokolskių šeimos archyvo dokumentais. Antrojo pasaulinio karo laikotarpiu (1939–1945 m.) bėgusių iš Lietuvos nuo sovietinės valdžios rusų kilmės inteligentų istorija, kūrybinis ir literatūrinis palikimas mažai tyrinėti mokslininkų. Sokolskio publicistika, kuri nors ir yra nepriskirtina profesionaliai kūrybai, leidžia pažvelgti ne tik į autoriaus asmeninį likimą ir pasaulėžiūrą, jo visuomeninės veiklos rusų diasporos naudai rezultatus, bet ir papildyti esamas žinias apie Lietuvos rusų inteligentų gyvenimą tarpukario ir Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais bei emigracijoje Vakaruose., The article explores biography and various aspects of public activity of the Russian refugee from Lithuania, lawyer, professor of Russian language and literature at the University of South Florida Anatole Sokolsky (1993–2006). Memoirs and articles published by him in the USA were used as the basic empirical material and the documents from the Lithuanian Central State Archive and private collection of the Sokolsky family served as auxiliary sources for the research. There is a lack of studies that analyze the history of representatives of Russian intelligentsia who were forced to escape Lithuania in the period of World War II (from 1939 to 1945) because of the danger of the Soviet regime. Publications by Sokolsky do not represent an example of professional literature, but it allows us to find out more not only about personal destiny and worldview of the author, the results of his social activities in favor of the Russian diaspora, but also about the life of Russian intelligentsia in the periods of interwar, World War II and emigration to the West.
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- 2022
33. Cobertura del asesinato de líderes sociales en Colombia: análisis de contenido a la luz del Valor Agregado Periodístico.
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OSORIO MATOREL, EMY PAOLA
- Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
- Full Text
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34. Tautinių lietuvių karinių dalinių kūrimo klausimas JAV Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais.
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PEČIULIS, Marius
- Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Antanas Olis: „Aš neturėjau laimės pamatyti Lietuvos”.
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Dapkutė, Daiva
- Abstract
The article is dedicated to Antanas Olis (1898-1958), a Lithuanian American public and political figure, lawyer. It analyses the key moments of his life and activities, his influence in the political, public and cultural life of the émigré community. The article investigates the activities of Antanas Olis after Lithuania's occupation by the Soviets when he actively joined political activities and made a special contribution in organising and participating in various political campaigns which sought to bring up the issue of Lithuania among Americans. Through his ties with Americans and his work in the national Republican Party group, Olis won his way to the broader horizons of the US politics in the attempt to draw attention to the case of the freedom of Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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36. Bör HD pröva HD? – Om prövningsordningen för frågor om resning och domvilla i mål avgjorda av Högsta domstolen
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Banke, Fredrik and Banke, Fredrik
- Abstract
Ett avgörande av Högsta domstolen kan endast angripas genom extraordinära rättsmedel. När Högsta domstolen får in en ansökan om resning eller klagan över domvilla i ett mål avgjort av Högsta domstolen är det som utgångspunkt andra justitieråd i domstolen än de som avgjorde det aktuella målet som prövar huruvida grund finns för att bevilja en sådan ansökan eller klagan. Dessa justitieråd kan då ha som uppgift att bedöma huruvida kollegor i domstolen dömt uppenbart i strid mot lag eller begått grova rättegångsfel. Förevarande uppsats undersöker inledningsvis om det finns en jävsproblematik inbyggd i nuvarande prövningsordning för resningsansökningar och klagomål över domvilla i mål avgjorda av Högsta domstolen. Uppsatsen visar att nuvarande prövningsordning troligtvis inte klarar sig igenom en jävsprövning utifrån 4 kap. 13 § 10 p. rättegångsbalken (1942:749) samt artikel 6.1 i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna. På grund av möjligheten att de justitieråd som företar prövningen kan ha motstående intressen i form av, exempelvis, lojalitet till sin yrkesroll och ett intresse av att bevara respekten för Högsta domstolen och dess avgöranden finns nämligen en risk att Europadomstolen skulle anse att prövningsordningen strider mot kravet på en prövning inför en oavhängig och opartisk domstol enligt artikel 6.1. Även om så inte skulle vara fallet, argumenteras det i uppsatsen för att delikatessjäv åtminstone föreligger på grund av den svårighet som torde infinna sig att förhålla sig helt objektiv till omständigheterna i målet vid bedömningen av kollegornas handläggning av ett mål. Sedan 2017 får Högsta domstolen förordna justitieråd från Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen att tjänstgöra i Högsta domstolen, och vice versa. Detta kan exempelvis göras i syfte att eliminera den jävsproblematik som uppstår med nuvarande prövningsordning. Möjligheten används emellertid inte i detta syfte. Snarare används den nästan uteslutande för att genomföra ett slags kun, A decision by the Supreme Court can only be challenged through extraordinary remedies. When the Supreme Court receives an application for relief due to a substantive defect or a complaint on the grounds of grave procedural errors the general rule is that other justices of the Supreme Court than those who decided the case in question review whether there are grounds for granting such an application or complaint. These justices may then be faced with the task of assessing whether their colleagues in the court have delivered sentences in obvious violation of the law or committed other serious judicial procedural errors. This thesis initially investigates if there is an issue of conflict of interest built into the current review procedure for applications for relief due to substantive defects and complaints on the grounds of grave procedural errors in cases decided by the Supreme Court. The thesis shows that the current review procedure probably would not withstand a review of impartiality based on Chapter 4, Section 13, Note 10 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure and Article 6.1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Because of the possibility that the justices that are conducting the examination might have conflicting interests in the form of, for example, loyalty to their professional role and an interest in maintaining respect for the Supreme Court and it’s rulings, there is a risk that the European Court of Human Rights would consider that the review procedure is in conflict with the requirement of a trial before an independent and impartial tribunal as stated in Article 6.1. Even if that were not the case, it is argued in the thesis that a conflict of interest based on delicacy (sw. delikatessjäv) at least is at hand because of the difficulty that must appear regarding staying completely objective as to the circumstances of a case when assessing colleagues’ proceedings with a case. Since 2017, the Supreme Court has been able to appoint justices from the
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- 2022
37. Bokförings- och redovisningsrådgivning - Vilka begränsningar föreligger för en revisor i ett aktiebolag?
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Ahlbäck, Rebecka and Ahlbäck, Rebecka
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Revision är en viktig funktion i samhället och näringsliv för att försäkra den information som företag lämnar ifrån sig. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda vilka begränsningar som föreligger för en revisor i samband med hans eller hennes utövande av revisionsverksamhet. För att kunna redogöra för det har det varit av vikt att också fastställa vad som avses med revisionsverksamhet och vad revisorns roll faktiskt innebär. Det är inte ovanligt att en revisor uppträder i dubbla roller gentemot sin revisionsklient. Revisor kan dels agera som granskare och dels som rådgivare. Revisorn har i vissa fall behörighet att lämna råd till sin revisionsklient och i vissa fall även en skyldighet. Det vill säga bistå med revisionsrådgivning. Det innebär att revisorn kan komma att granska sina egna tidigare insatser, vilket i sin tur kan komma att innebära ett hot mot revisorns oberoende. Revisorns oberoende å andra sidan är av central betydelse för att säkra revisionens funktion upprätthålls., Auditing is an important function in society and businesses. It is important in order to ensure that the information which companies provide to the public is a correct rendering of the company’s economic position. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the limitations that exist for an auditor in connection with his or her exercise of auditing. In order to be able to account for this, it has been important to also determine what is meant by auditing and what the auditor's role actually means. It is not uncommon for an auditor to act in dual roles towards his client. The auditor can act as an auditor and as an advisor. In some cases, the auditor has the authority to provide advice to his or her client. That is, assist with audit advice. This means that the auditor may review his or her own previous efforts, which in turn may pose a threat to the auditor's independence. The auditor's independence, on the other hand, is of central importance in ensuring the audit's function.
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- 2022
38. „Uždaryti prokomunistinį radiją": Detroito lietuvių konfliktas 1941-1955 m.
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ĖMUŽIENĖ, Ina
- Abstract
Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Lietuvos fizikė – sesuo Marija Margareta Milevičiūtė.
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Puišo, Judita
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- 2023
40. Permainos Lietuvos Respublikos generaliniame konsulate Čikagoje (1970–1971)
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Asta Petraitytė-Briedienė
- Subjects
Petras Povilas Daužvardis ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Diplomatai / Diplomats ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Diplomatija / Diplomacy ,Juzefa Rauktytė-Daužvardienė - Abstract
Beveik penkiasdešimt Lietuvos generalinio konsulato Čikagoje veikimo metų buvo susiję su diplomatų dr. Petro Povilo Daužvardžio ir Juzefos Rauktytės-Daužvardienės vardais. Lietuvos diplomatinės tarnybos archyviniai dokumentai liudija, kad 1970 m., likus metams iki dr. P. P. Daužvardžio mirties, Lietuvos pasiuntinybė Vašingtone su JAV valstybės departamento žinia kėlė klausimą dėl pasiuntinybės ir generalinių konsulatų Čikagoje ir Niujorke sujungimo į vieną vienetą. Generalinio konsulo dr. P. P. Daužvardžio argumentai, kuriais jis pirmojoje vietoje statė personalo, o ne finansų klausimą, neleido sunaikinti diplomatinio posto. Likus kiek daugiau nei mėnesiui iki generalinio konsulo mirties (1971 m. rugsėjo 26 d.), Vyriausiasis Lietuvos išlaisvinimo komitetas (VLIKʼas) susirūpino, kas pakeis Lietuvos generalinio konsulato vadovą. Dėl dr. P. P. Daužvardžio argumentų ir Lietuvos diplomatinės tarnybos (LDTʼos) šefo bei generalinių konsulų Niujorke ir Toronte palaikymo Lietuvos generaline garbės konsule po vyro mirties tapo J. Rauktytė-Daužvardienė. Nearly 50 years of the history of Lithuania’s consulate general in Chicago are closely tied to the figures of the diplomats Dr. Petras Povilas Daužvardis and his wife Juzefa Rauktytė-Daužvardienė. Archival documents show that in 1970, a year before Dr. P. P. Daužvardis’s passing, the Lithuanian legation in Washington, D.C. with the knowledge of the U.S. State Department raised the issue of joining the legation and the consulates general in Chicago and New York into a single entity. The arguments offered by Consul General Dr. P. P. Daužvardis gave precedence to the question of personnel over the question of finances and helped save the diplomatic post in Chicago from being abolished. More than a month before the consul general’s death (September 26, 1971), the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania (VLIK) became concerned with the question of who would become the chief of the consulate general in Chicago. Thanks to Dr. P. P. Daužvardis’s arguments and the support given them by the head of the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service and the consuls general in New York and Toronto, it was J. Rauktytė-Daužvardienė who was named the Lithuanian honorary consul general in Chicago after her husband’s death.
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- 2021
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41. LIETUVIŲ IŠEIVIŲ LEIDYBA JUNGTINĖSE AMERIKOS VALSTIJOSE XIX A. PABAIGOJE–XX A. VIDURYJE: ADRESATO PROBLEMA
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Remigijus Misiūnas
- Subjects
leidyba ,lietuvių išeivija JAV ,knyga ,periodika ,JAV ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami kai kurie pirmosios lietuvių emigracijos bangos į JAV (XIX a. antra pusė–1914 m.) leidybos XIX a. pabaigoje–XX a. viduryje aspektai, pagrindinį dėmesį telkiant į leidinių adresato problematikos analizę. Straipsnis rengtas remiantis to meto išeivių periodikos publikacijomis, pirmosios bangos išeivijos istorijai skirtais veikalais. Daroma išvada, kad pirmosios lietuvių išeivių bangos JAV leidyba buvo orientuota ne tik į išeivijos poreikio spaudai tenkinimą, bet iš dalies ir į visos lietuvių tautos leidybinius poreikius.
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- 2016
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42. Search for Te New Lithuanian Ambassador for Washington in 1993
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Juozas Skirius
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Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Library science ,Lithuanian ,Vašingtonas ,language.human_language ,Ambasadorius ,S. Lozuraitis ,Vytautas Čekanauskas ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,M. Brazauskas ,Political science ,Lietuviai / Lithuanians ,language ,Kazys Bobelis ,Stasys Lozoraitis (jaunesnysis) ,JAV išeivijos lietuviai - Abstract
Remiantis archyviniais dokumentais ir spaudos informacija, bandoma išsiaiškinti, ar 1993 metais LDDP vyriausybė ir prezidentas Algirdas M. Brazauskas teisėtai atšaukė ambasadorių Stasį Lozoraitį (jaun.) iš Vašingtono ir perkėlė analogiškoms pareigoms į Romą. Bandoma įvertinti pasirinktą kandidatą Lietuvos garbės generalinį konsulą Los Andžele Vytautą Čekanauską laikinai vadovauti Lietuvos diplomatinei misijai Vašingtone. Nors dalis JAV lietuvių palaikė V. Čekanausko kandidatūrą, sukeltas triukšmas, kad S. Lozoraitis (jaun.) neteisėtai atšauktas iš JAV ir su juo pasielgta negarbingai, V. Čekanauskas atsisakė siūlomo posto. Tam įtakos galėjo turėti ir Lietuvos valdžios siūloma jam neaiški perspektyva, nes nebuvo aiškios kalbos apie ambasadoriaus postą. Tuo pat metu Latvijos ir Estijos vyriausybės savo ambasadoriais Vašingtone paskyrė JAV latvių ir estų atstovus. Based on archival documents and press information, an attempt is being made to find out whether in 1993 the DLPL government and President Algirdas M. Brazauskas legally recalled Ambassador Stasys Lozoraitis (Junior) from Washington and transferred him to a similar position in Rome. An attempt is made to evaluate the selected candidate for the Honorary Consul General of Lithuania in Los Angeles, Vytautas Čekanauskas, to temporarily lead the Lithuanian diplomatic mission in Washington. Although some Lithuanians in the United States supported Čekanauskas’ candidacy, there was an outcry that Lozoraitis had been illegally withdrawn from the United States and treated with disrespect; Čekanauskas refused the proposed post. This may have been influenced by the vague prospects offered to him by the Lithuanian authorities, as there was no clear talk about the post of ambassador. At the same time, the governments of Latvia and Estonia appointed Latvian and Estonian representatives in the United States as their ambassadors in Washington.
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- 2020
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43. Reconstruction of music publisher and merchant Augustas Antpusaitis' life and significance of his activity for the US-Lithuanian community
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Kučinskas, Darius
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Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Biografijos / Biographies ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Muzika / Music ,Augustas Antpusaitis ,Leidėjai ,Leidyba / Publishing ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora - Abstract
Straipsnyje pirmą kartą siekiama rekonstruoti ir apibendrinti muzikos leidėjo ir prekybininko, vargonininko ir instrumentų meistro Augusto Antpusaičio (1886–1972) gyvenimą ir veiklą. 1906 m. išvykęs į Jungtines Amerikos Valstijas ir apsistojęs Brukline Antpusaitis tapo vienu pirmųjų lietuvių muzikos prekybininkų ir leidėjų. Jo išleisti lietuviški ritinėliai pianolai yra tarp pirmųjų tokio tipo lietuviškų įrašų. Iš viso žinomi dvidešimt penki 1920–1926 m. išleisti Antpusaičio ritinėliai pianolai. Jie atspindi ne tik lietuviškos profesionaliosios muzikos formavimąsi, bet ir svarbiausius besikuriančios Lietuvos valstybės įvykius (nacionalinės valiutos įvedimą, diplomatinių santykių su JAV užmezgimą, Vilniaus krašto okupaciją). Greta leidybinės veiklos, Antpusaitis pasižymėjo ir kaip instrumentų meistras. Profesionaliai įvaldęs fortepijonų derinimą, jis taip pat gamino vargonus, fortepijonus ir ksilofonus. Mažiausiai žinoma jo kaip bažnyčios vargonininko veikla. Nors kelis dešimtmečius vargonavo Bruklino Šv. Jono lietuvių evangelikų liuteronų bažnyčioje, apie šią veiklą archyvinių dokumentų ar amžininkų liudijimų nepavyko rasti. Daroma išvada, kad Antpusaičio veikla yra reikšmingas lietuvių muzikos istorijos reiškinys, charaketringai atspindintis to meto muzikos leidėjo ir prekybininko situaciją. Antpusaičio muzikos reikmenų parduotuvė Brukline, veikusi 1919–1930 m., turėjo didelę įtaką lietuviškos muzikos sklaidai ir tautinio identiteto išsaugojimui Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose. Straipsnyje taikomi šaltiniotyros, istoriografinis ir menotyrinis tyrimų metodai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ritinėliai pianolai, lietuviška muzika, muzikos leidyba, emigracija, Amerikos lietuviai. The article aims to recover the life of Augustas Antpusaitis (1886–1972) and to evaluate his creative legacy for the first time. Antpusaitis was a music publisher, businessman, church organist, and manufacturer of musical instruments who lived and worked in Brooklyn, NY, from 1906. He ran a music shop on Grand Street, later on Broadway, in Brooklyn, from 1919 to 1929 and became the first Lithuanian to publish piano rolls. Antpusaitis published 25 piano rolls between 1920 and 1926. Lithuanian folk dances and songs as well as the music of Lithuanian composers Antanas Vanagaitis, Vincas Kudirka, Juozas Naujalis were recorded. Their music reflected the most important events of Lithuania: the establishment of diplomatic relations between Lithuania and the US (1922); the establishment of a national currency, the litas (1922); and the dramatic occupation of Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital, by Poland (1920). Though Antpusaitis ran his own label of piano rolls, it was manufactured by the Connorized company, which provided such a service for many local publishers. Later, Antpusaitis sold his ownership rights to this company, so the same Lithuanian tunes were published by Connorized and from 1926 by QRS, which bought other companies at that time. Antpusaitis’s music shop in Brooklyn was an important place for the Lithuanian community, where Lithuanians could find musical instruments as well as discover the latest cultural events and speak in their native language. After a visit of European producers of pianos and player pianos, Antpusaitis became a strong dealer for European companies in Brooklyn and could suggest a cheaper price for his customers. It helped Antpusaitis to stay in a market longer than others. But the Great Depression pushed Antpusaitis to change his life, and he decided to invest into Lithuania. He bought a part of Kataučizna Manor (Kudirkos Naumiestis) around 1926. Unfortunately, it was lost during the Soviet occupation in 1940. Then Antpusaitis bought a farm in Kerhonkson, NY, and spent the rest of his life renting summer houses for New Yorkers there. Antpusaitis served as an organist at St. John Lithuanian Evangelic Lutheran Church in Brooklyn for several decades (until 1940). Tuning and the ongoing repair of an organ were included in the duties of an organist. It became a strong motivation for Antpusaitis to start crafting portable organs himself – we know he built a few organs and pianos. One piano he made in 1940 for his daughter Ruth as a wedding present. Antpusaitis was married to Anna Pimat (Ona Pimaitytė). They had four daughters: Ruth Strimas, Ella, Esther, and Mildred. Though all of daughters were taught to play piano, none of them became musicians. Only Ruth, who studied piano with a graduate of New York University pianist George Nobiletti, gave her own piano lectures for a short time. Antpusaitis’s life represents the typical situation of the generation of Lithuanians who moved to the USA before WWI, including musicians and music businessmen. Efforts to preserve the native language and culture, to run their own business, and to feel free were possible only in the USA. In time, when Antpusaitis moved to the USA, Lithuania as a country did not exist and there were total restrictions for Lithuanians living under the Russian Empire. Though the movement for Lithuanian independence started in the last decade of nineteenth century, it was more progressive and active in the US. Antpusaitis was a small part of all these events, but his activity in music industry played an important role in Lithuanian music history. Keywords: piano rolls, Lithuanian music, music publishing, emigration, American Lithuanians.
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- 2022
44. Musician Jonas Žemaitis: his life and work
- Author
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Kučinskas, Darius
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Biografijos / Biographies ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Kompozitoriai / Composers ,Muzika / Music ,Jonas Žemaitis - Abstract
Straipsnyje pirmą kartą nuodugniai rekonstruojamas ir pristatomas Jono Žemaičio (1867–1932) gyvenimas ir kūrybinė veikla. Vargonininkas, choro dirigentas, kompozitorius, leidėjas Žemaitis Lietuvos muzikinės kultūros istorijoje iki šiol yra netyrinėta ir neįvertinta asmenybė. Jo gyvenimas atspindi ir reprezentuoja tiek bendrą XIX–XX a. sandūros lietuvių tautos istoriją, tiek JAV susitelkusios pirmosios bangos gyvenimo ir veiklos ypatumus. Žemaičio muzikinė veikla vienoje seniausių lietuvių parapijų JAV – Šv. Jurgio parapija, Shenandoah, Pensilvanija – truko kelis dešimtmečius ir turėjo didelės reikšmės tiek išsaugant ir puoselėjant lietuvybę šioje valstijoje, tiek plėtojant lietuvių muzikinę veiklą visoje Amerikoje. Žemaičio kūryba buvo paklausi lietuvių tarpe, ją taip pat įrašais pianolai ir šelako plokštelėmis išleido ir platino pagrindinės JAV kompanijos – QRS, Victor, Connorized. Kurį laiką Žemaitis netgi buvo daugiausia savo muzikos JAV išleidęs lietuvis. Greta to, Žemaičio vedamas choras buvo laikomas pavyzdiniu ir plačiai žinomas visoje Pensilvanijoje. Jo organizuotos dainų šventės, inicijuota Šiaurės Amerikos lietuvių vargonininkų sąjunga (kartu su Antanu Pociumi ir Ksaveru Strumskiu) rodo jį buvus neeilinę asmenybę. Jo dainos, virtusios liaudies dainomis, taip pat rodo, kad Žemaičio kūryba turėjo žymiai didesnį poveikį Amerikos lietuviams, nei yra manoma iki šiol. [...] The life and creative activity of Jonas Žemaitis (1867–1932) are reconstructed and presented in detail for the first time. The church organist, choir conductor, composer, and publisher Žemaitis is a personality not yet researched and evaluated in the history of Lithuanian musical culture. His life reflects and represents the general history of the Lithuanians at the turn of the twentieth century as well as specific features in the life of the first-wave Lithuanian immigrants (before the First World War). Žemaitis’s musical activity in St George church in Shenandoah, PA, one of the oldest Lithuanian parishes in the USA, lasted several decades and had a visible impact on preserving Lithuanian-ness in Pennsylvania, upholding, and activating musical life of the Lithuanians in all the states. While in Shenandoah, Žemaitis stood out as a talented organiser and leader of the city’s cultural life. He formed a large church choir (60 singers) and participated not only in everyday church service but also held numerous public concerts in the city and the surrounding area. Žemaitis’s choir was recognised a leader and became the first prize winner in Lithuanian Days organised in 1926. In addition to choir conducting, Žemaitis was active in public life: for two years he was the only correspondent of the Lithuanian daily Draugas (established in 1909) in Shenandoah; in 1911, together with Xavier Stumskis and Antanas Pocius, he established the society of American-Lithuanian organists and for a short time chaired it. In parallel, Žemaitis taught new Lithuanian organists and became the first person who did it on a permanent basis. Žemaitis started to compose music when he realised that Lithuanian repertoire was insufficient. He composed about 70 songs (solo, for duets, and for a mixed choir). He printed his music at ‘Saulė’ (The Sun) printing house in Mahanoy City. A short catalogue of his music of 1926 has survived. Since Žemaitis wished to share his music wider, he started to collaborate with the most famous American companies (Connorized, Victor, QRS) to produce piano rolls and shellac discs with his music. This collaboration continued for about ten years, and for a short time Žemaitis even became the most famous Lithuanian composer in the USA. Some of his songs were published two and three times, and a total of 57 piano rolls with his music were produced (about 20% of all Lithuanian piano rolls). We can state that Lithuanian piano rolls were initiated by Žemaitis; their production stopped with his death in 1932, because no new rolls were produced after this year. Žemaitis’s songs were immensely popular. Some of them became almost like folk songs and were also sung in Lithuania (‘Vilniaus kalneliai’, ‘Gana, broliai, mums miegoti’, ‘Aš lietuvaitė’). It is known that Žemaitis composed a Mass (1921). His mass is one of the first composed by a Lithuanian composer in the USA (the first Mass was composed by Stasys Šimkus in 1917 and published in Boston in the same year). In conclusion, we can state that Žemaitis made a visible impact to the musical and cultural life of Lithuanians both in Pennsylvania across the USA.
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- 2022
45. Švč. Mergelės Marijos gimimo bažnyčia Čikagoje: komplikuota lietuviško identiteto paieškos istorija
- Author
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Petrulis, Vaidas, Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, and Sciendo
- Subjects
Chicago ,regionalizmas ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,History ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,national style ,regionalism ,Museology ,Communities ,Jonas Mulokas ,Kultūrinis identitetas / Cultural identitity ,architecture in exile ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Vytautas Kazimieras Jonynas ,Bendruomenės ,Čikaga ,Religinis menas / Religious art ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Lithuanian identity ,Architektūra / Architecture ,egzilio architektūra ,nacionalinis stilius ,lietuviškasis identitetas - Abstract
The article examines the complicated history of the search for Lithuanian identity in the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Chicago. After leaving their homeland in the aftermath of World War II, the Lithuanian community struggled to maintain its national identity under difficult conditions of emigration. The search for a Lithuanian architectural character became an important part of this political task. Based on a case study, a church near Chicago’s densely populated Marquette Park in Lithuania, the text analyzes the Lithuanian community’s debate about the cultural and political mission of Lithuanian architecture in exile, and the way to express it. Although the concept of the national style had already emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, post-war technological progress and the unfamiliar context of emigration brings additional questions to the subject. The article argues that historical reminiscences in the church are more an ethical than an aesthetic choice. This approach embodies the specific cultural expectations of the community and is, at least partially, in line with the critique of modernism from regionalist point of view., Straipsnyje tiriama komplikuota lietuviškojo identiteto paieškos istorija Švč. Mergelės Marijos Gimimo bažnyčioje Čikagoje. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo iš Lietuvos pasitraukusi lietuvių bendruomenė sudėtingomis emigracijos są- lygomis visomis išgalėmis siekė neprarasti tautinio identiteto. Lietuviškojo architektūros charakterio paieška tapo reikšminga šios plačios kultūrinės užduoties dalimi. Pasitelkus atvejo studiją, tankiai lietuvių apgyvento Market parko rajono Čikagoje bažnyčią, tekste analizuojamas lietuvių bendruomenės disputas apie kultūrinę šio objekto užduotį ir tam pasirinktą stilistinį pavidalą – baroko ir liaudies meno sintezę. Nepaisant to, kad lietuviškojo tautinio stiliaus koncepcija susiformavo dar XX amžiaus pradžioje, pokario technologinė pažanga ir emigrantams svetimas kontekstas šiam klausimui suteikė papildomą dimensiją. Straipsnyje argumentuojama, kad istorinės reminiscencijos bažnyčioje yra daugiau etinis nei estetinis pasirinkimas. Toks požiūris įkūnija specifinius kultūrinius bendruome- nės lūkesčius ir bent dalinai atitinka regionalistų išsakomą kritiką modernizmo kaip monolitinio estetinio stiliaus atžvilgiu.
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- 2022
46. Lietuvos diplomatijos tęstinumas
- Author
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Česonis, Rimas Antanas
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,20th century ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Diplomatija / Diplomacy - Abstract
7 dešimtmetis JAV lietuviams buvo neramumų ir nesantaikos pilnas laikotarpis. JAV lietuvių bendruomenė (LB), atėjusi į vadinamąjį Lietuvos laisvinimo darbą, sulaukė ne tik nepritarimo, bet ir dviejų pagrindinių tuomet JAV egzistavusių organizacijų – Amerikos lietuvių tarybos (sutrumpintai – ALT) ir Vyriausiojo Lietuvos išlaisvinimo komiteto (arba VLIK) aktyvios opozicijos. Tuo metu dalis visuomenės, save vadinusi labai patriotiška, buvo priešiška visiems kontaktams su Lietuva ir, vadindama visus turistus iš Lietuvos ko munistų šnipais, griežtai drausdavo mūsų ribotas turistines keliones į Lietuvą, šmeiždavo jaunimą, vykstantį į Vilniaus universiteto kursus, ir įžeidinėdavo Lietuvių bendruomenės veikėjus. Vyko demonstracijos prieš menininkus iš Lietuvos per jų koncertus, viename koncerte Čikagoje buvo mesta plyta, bjauri akcija įvyko Los Andželo mieste prieš vieną tokį koncertą. Lietuvių bendruomenės krašto valdyba tokiam elgesiui ir reiškiniams griež tai nepritarė, ir įvyko vadinamasis bendruomenės skilimas
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- 2022
47. Relationships in the digital age: self-disclosure and communication in social networking sites
- Author
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Huber, Loreta, Martinaitytė, Monika, and Kauno technologijos universitetas
- Subjects
Self-disclosure ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Relationship ,Savęs pristatymas ,penetration ,Komunikacija / Communication ,Technologijos / Technologies ,Penetration ,Social networks ,Skverbtis ,Santykiai ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,relationship ,self-dis- closure ,social network sites ,Socialiniai tinklai ,computer-mediated communication - Abstract
With the development of new technologies and rise of social media, the desire to communicate and share information is seen as a primary driver of social networking sites, where the aspect of self-disclosure becomes one of the key characteristics for interpersonal attraction. The aim of the research is to examine how people communicate, self-disclose and maintain relationships on social networking sites and to find out how the use of computer-mediated communication relates to relational development and maintenance. MTurk tool and social media posts were utilized to gather information. Statistical data analysis program SPSS was employed: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and scale analysis and construction were performed. The investigation revealed significant differences between males and females self-disclosure practices on social networking site Facebook with outstanding differences depending upon the country of living, relationship status, perceived positive and negative rewards, benefits and satisfaction. The results of the study open path for future research within the framework of communication privacy management theory in line with the social penetration theory with an aim to analyse how self-disclosure inter-correlates with privacy concerns. Keywords: relationship; computer-mediated communication; social network sites; penetration; self-disclosure.
- Published
- 2022
48. US liberal press about three ultimatums to Lithuania (1938-1940)
- Author
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Greta Kėvelaittienė
- Subjects
Ultimatumas ,Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Rusija (Rossija ,Rusijos Federacija ,Rossijskaja Federacija ,Rusijos imperija ,Carinė Rusija ,Russia) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,20th century ,Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė ,Rzeczpospolita Polska ,Kingdom of Poland ,Poland) ,Spauda / Press ,Ultimatum ,Vokietija (Germany) ,Newspapers ,Tarptautiniai konfliktai. Karai / International conflicts. Wars ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti, kaip informacija apie Lietuvai įteiktus ultimatumus (1938 m. Lenkijos, 1939 m. Vokietijos ir 1940 m. Sovietų Sąjungos) atsispindėjo JAV rytinėje pakrantėje leidžiamoje liberaliosios krypties spaudoje, kokį poveikį turėjo Lietuvos oficialių informacijos šaltinių veikla formuojant JAV spaudos poziciją ultimatumų Lietuvai atžvilgiu bei kaip ir kiek JAV lietuvių spauda vertino JAV spaudos pateikiamą informaciją. Siekiama nustatyti, ką palaikė JAV spauda – buvo Lietuvos ar jų įteikėjų pusėje. Tyrimui pasirinkti keturi JAV dienraščiai: "The New York Times", "New York Herald Tribune", "The Washington Post" bei "Chicago Daily Tribune" ir du JAV lietuvių laikraščiai: „Vienybė“ ir „Dirva“. Nors JAV spaudoje buvo pateikiama tiksli informacija, dėstomi aiškūs faktai, vengta įvykius vertinti. Kaip ir JAV politikai, taip ir spauda daugiau laikėsi izoliacinės politikos Lietuvos atžvilgiu. Nors JAV lietuvių spaudoje teigiama, kad įvykiai sulaukė išskirtinai daug vietinės spaudos dėmesio, ir kai kurie straipsniai tikrai pasiekė pirmuosius puslapius, JAV dienraščiai oficialiais Lietuvos informacijos šaltiniais beveik nesinaudojo. Raktiniai žodžiai: Lenkijos ultimatumas, Vokietijos ultimatumas, Sovietų Sąjungos ultimatumas, Antrasis pasaulinis karas, JAV, spauda, laikraščiai, The New York Times, The Washington Post, New York Herald Tribune, Chicago Daily Tribune, Vienybė, Dirva. Lithuania received three ultimatums between 1938 and 1940. The first ultimatum was presented to Lithuania by Poland, which demanded the diplomatic relations to be restored; the second ultimatum was presented by Germany, demanding to return the Memel (Klaipėda) district to Germany; the third ultimatum was issued by the Soviet Union and it led to Lithuania’s occupation. The press in the United States of America played a major role in forming the public perception regarding the events in Europe, as it was one of the most influential sources of information. The article seeks to reveal how the information about the ultimatums served to Lithuania (by Poland in 1938, by Germany in 1939, and by the Soviet Union in 1940) was reflected in the US press, how it used Lithuania’s official sources, how the American press evaluated the information, and whether the US press was on the side of Lithuania or not. Four American newspapers ("The New York Times", "The New York Herald Tribune", "The Washington Post", and "The Chicago Daily Tribune") and two American Lithuanian newspapers ("Vienybė" and "Dirva") were selected for the study. The research has revealed that the American press did not use the reports of the Lithuanian news agency ELTA and only in some exceptional cases the newspaper Lietuvos aidas was cited, using the statements by Kazys Škirpa, Vladas Mironas, Stasys Lozoraitis, and Povilas Žadeikis. It is important to note that the facts that acknowledged the ultimatums or the occupation were plentiful, but individual interpretations of the events and their circumstances were few. During the period of 1938–1940, the US press used information from American news agencies such as United Press and The Associated Press; also, from the Soviet TASS news agency and Reuters news agency. Various newspapers were used in this research: Polish ("Glos Lubelski", "Wieczór Warszawski"), Soviet ("Pravda", "Izvestia"), and Swedish ("Aftonbladet"). At the time, the official USA representative was Summer Wells, Secretary of State, who did not agree with the occupation of Lithuania and made it clear in the press. Although the information provided in the US press was accurate, it avoided assessments of the events. Like the US government, the press pursued a more isolationist policy towards Lithuania. Despite the fact that the events in Lithuania received considerable attention from the American press, the country’s newspapers hardly ever used Lithuanian information sources officially. Keywords: Polish ultimatum, German ultimatum, Soviet ultimatum, World War II, USA, press, newspapers, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New York Herald Tribune, The Chicago Daily Tribune, Vienybė, Dirva.
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- 2022
49. Nuo kovos už žmogaus teises iki valstybės nepriklausomybės atkūrimo: perspektyva iš Vašingtono
- Author
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Nakas, Viktoras
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,20th century ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora - Abstract
Prieš 24 metus maža grupė pabaltijiečių kilmės amerikiečių nuvykome į vieną Niujorko valstijos kampelį dalyvauti Šatokvos (Chautauqua) konferencijoje dėl JAV ir TSRS santykių. Tai turėjo būti proga abiejų šalių piliečiams išsakyti savo nuomones. Iš sovietų pusės dalyvavo maždaug 250 asmenų – valdžios ir partijos šulai bei kiti nomenklatūrai priklausantys arba nuo jos priklausomi asmenys. Mes, Amerikos pabaltijiečiai, atvykome, kad įvairiose sesijose pateiktume klausimų apie žmogaus teisių suvaržymus
- Published
- 2022
50. Attitudes towards emigration in Vincas Kudirka’s and Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas’s journalism
- Author
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Vanagaitė, Gitana
- Subjects
Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos (United States of America ,JAV ,USA) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Ideologija. Pasaulėžiūra / Ideology. Worldviews ,Publicistika ,Lietuvių literatūra / Lithuanian literature ,Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas (Juozas Tumas) ,Vincas Kudirka ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora - Abstract
Masinė emigracija į Ameriką prasidėjo paskutiniais XIX a. dešimtmečiais. Skaičiuojama, kad iki I pasaulinio karo iš Lietuvos išvyko apie 500 tūkstančių žmonių. To meto Lietuvos inteligentai emigraciją suvokė kaip problemą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas dviejų iškiliausių XIX a. pabaigos inteligentų, turėjusių lemiamą įtaką formuojant tautinę ir pilietinę savivoką, – Vinco Kudirkos ir Juozo Tumo-Vaižganto – publicistikoje išsakytas požiūris į emigraciją, jos keliamus pavojus atskiram individui ir visai šaliai. Aptariama, kokias emigracijos temas ir problemas ryškina Kudirka ir Vaižgantas, kuo yra panašus jų santykis su emigracijos reiškiniu ir kuo skiriasi. Remiantis kognityvinės lingvistikos prielaida, kad bet kokio tipo diskursas atspindi kalbines, socialines, ideologines ir psichologines autoriaus nuostatas, straipsnyje per Kudirkos ir Vaižganto publicistikos kalbą atskleidžiamas jų mąstymo, pasaulio suvokimo savitumas. Daroma išvada, kad Kudirkos ir Vaižganto publicistikoje fiksuoti vertybiniai santykio su emigracija skirtumai yra sąlygoti skirtingo autorių pasaulėvaizdžio. Raktažodžiai: XIX a. pabaiga, emigracija, publicistika, pasaulėvaizdis, Vincas Kudirka, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. Mass emigration to the United States of America began in the last decades of the 19th century. It has been estimated that about 500 thousand people left Lithuania before WWI. Lithuanian elite of that time perceived emigration as a problem. The article examines the views on emigration and its dangers for the individual and the country, as expressed in the articles of two of the most prominent intellectuals of the late 19th century who had a decisive influence on the formation of the national and civic consciousness, Vincas Kudirka and Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. It discusses the themes and problems of emigration highlighted by Kudirka and Vaižgantas, as well as similarities and differences in their attitudes towards emigration. Using the premise of cognitive linguistics that any type of discourse reflects the linguistic, social, ideological, and psychological attitudes of the author, the article shows that the language of Kudirka’s and Vaižgantas’s journalism is inseparable from their thinking and imagination, because language, as it exists in human consciousness, reveals the specificity of reasoning and the way of understanding the world. It concludes that the opposed worldviews of Kudirka and Vaižgantas determined the differences of the value-based attitude towards emigration manifested in their articles. Keywords: late 19th century, emigration, journalism, worldview, Vincas Kudirka, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas.
- Published
- 2022
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