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The research aims to design an educational program using a mobile application and identify its impact on the skill and digital levels of the javelin throwing race for struggling female students. The experimental approach was used for two groups, one experimental and the other a control group, using two measurements (pre-post) for each of them due to its suitability to the nature of this research. The research was applied to A sample of struggling female students for the second group. The number of the sample reached (48 female students) and they were divided into two groups, one experimental and numbering (24 female students) and the other a control group and numbering (24 female students). The program was implemented using the mobile application for a period of (6) weeks with (3) units Weekly, and the most important results of the research resulted in that the program with the mobile application contributed to improving the digital level of struggling female students with improvement rates of (56.1%), and also had a positive impact on improving some of the physical abilities related to skill performance such as (agility, coordination, muscular ability, speed). The most important recommendations are to conduct similar studies in order to determine the effectiveness of using the mobile application on different samples and other track and field competitions, and to pay attention to introducing new strategies in teaching in general and in teaching track and field competitions in particular [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to determine the movement factors that cause differences in throwing records in javelin throwers who had similar running velocities. The movements of 81 female javelin throwers who participated in competitions were recorded using two cameras, and the coordinate values were obtained using the three-dimensional motion analysis technique. The preparatory phase was defined as the period from the last rear foot contact (RFC) to the fore foot contact (FFC), whereas the throwing phase was defined as the period from the FFC to javelin release. Among them, 14 athletes with approach velocity of 4.0-4.3 m/s at FFC were divided into a high (57.59 ± 3.60 m) and a low group (35.14 ± 8.23 m) for throwing records, and the kinematic data were compared. The high group had a significantly higher release velocity, showed larger maximum external rotation of the shoulder joint, and larger right shoulder velocity than the low group. Immediately during the throwing phase, the high group had a larger horizontal rotation of the upper trunk towards the throwing direction than the low group. Furthermore, the high group was characterized by greater height and segment length than the low group. These results indicate that the high group achieves larger terminal velocities owing to the faster rotation of the larger body. Thus, the results clearly show that high-performance athletes transfer greater kinetic energy to the javelin throw with a more rational throwing motion, even if they have a similar approach velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport Sciences / Magallat ulum Al-Riyadat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates evidence of sporting values in the trajectory of the Brazilian athlete Willy Seewald, who participated in the 1924 Olympic games in Paris. The documental corpus analyzed consisted of interviews, newspapers, magazines, documents and other material, such as medals and diplomas from the Seewald family's personal collection. The interpretation of the material shows that Willy Seewald played several sports but excelled in Brazilian and South American competitions in javelin throwing. The athlete's participation in the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, France, was surrounded by several difficulties that he was able to surmount due to his cultural background and his relationship with the community. Evidence was found that, throughout his sporting career, the athlete incorporated values consistent with the Olympic values and was referred to as a 'moral giant'. Although he died in 1929, he is still remembered in the Brazilian sporting scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is based on the insufficiencies presented by the student athletes of the category 13-14 years of the EIDE "Captain Orestes Acosta" in the specialty of throwing the javelin, in the effectiveness of mastery of the technique of crossed steps and rhythm of the career, which limits the competitive results of these, the objective of the work is needed in the design of a methodology that promotes the improvement of the teaching-learning process of the cross-step technique and the pace of the race to favor the coordination of these in the throwing of the javelin. The results of the research are specified in the didactic improvement of the contents of the teaching program of the throwing of the javelin for this category, from the proposal of methodological didactic procedures to be used by the coaches, as well as the enrichment of the content of the technique Crossed steps and rhythm of the race, based on the incorporation of novel exercises, meaning the logic, rhythm relationship and coordination of movements in the execution of this technique. Analytical-synthetic, inductive deductive, functional structural systemic methods, document analysis, observation, mathematical statistics, percentage calculation procedure, inferential statistics and hypothesis testing are applied. As well as the T-Student test was applied to assess the significant difference between the diagnoses made, in addition to the student surveys and interviews with the sports coaches.

The international media coverage of athletes with physical disabilities (AWD) shows diverse quantitative and qualitative shortcomings. This study explores what effects a specific visual framing in a print article about disability sports has on recipients' attitudes toward a depicted AWD. In an experiment with a 3 (framed conditions) × 2 (participants' contact with people with disabilities) between-subjects design, 88 participants were randomly assigned to I of the 3 (trained) conditions. The participants read a sports news article with a photograph of a 1-armed javelin thrower with no spectators, a few spectators, or a large crowd shown in the background. Alter examining the participants' responses to a questionnaire, an ANOVA showed that the participants' attitudes toward the depicted AWD were significantly more positive when the visual frame included spectators in the background of the picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers interesting differences between the mental focus employed by an elite athlete javelin thrower (E1) when contrasted with three international standard javelin throwers (I1, I2, I3). Athletes' mental focus was recorded in both competition and training using self-report measures. In addition, kinematic analysis through point of release was examined for both categories of athlete. In both conditions, E1 demonstrated lower patterns of movement variability. Interestingly, a contrasting mental focus was recorded among athletes I1, I2, and I3 when compared with athlete E1. Tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the optimum sources of information for athletes before task execution in self-paced athletic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A question that many parents face when their child learns motor skills like riding a bicycle concerns the temporal order of explicit instruction (I) and self-determined practice (problem solving, PS). In physical education, a systematic evaluation of effects of the temporal order on learning outcomes is so far missing. We tested if the beneficial effects of the PS-I sequence over I-PS found in cognitive domains also applies to motor learning in physical education. Therefore, the influence of the temporal order of I and PS on performance improvements was investigated for the case of learning javelin throwing. Javelin throwing was chosen as learning task as it shares similarities with cognitive tasks. Ninety 7th graders learned javelin throwing. The subjects either received explicit instruction on technical movement features of javelin throwing before self-determined practice (I-PS), or they started with self-determined practice and received the instruction afterwards (PS–I). We measured changes in throwing distance and changes in performance of technical features of the throws. Students with PS-I, but not students with I-PS, showed increased javelin throwing distance and increased number of executions of technical features from pre- to post-test. This study extends results found in cognitive domains to motor learning in physical education. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms of these effects, in particular the role of awareness of knowledge gaps through initial practice that could be elaborated on during subsequent instruction, and the suppression of implicit learning processes with explicit instruction. • PS-I leads to improved motor performance in javelin throwing compared to I-PS. • Improvements concern throwing distance and movement quality. • PS-I is not only effective in the cognitive domain but also in motor learning. • Direct instruction might prevent implicit learning processes to unfold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the design, execution and evaluation of intervention to aid the recovery of optimum technique in an elite javelin thrower. Details on the execution of the optimum technique; Use of contrast style drills with mental skills to promote effective learning; Effectiveness of intervention on critical performance factors.

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared three-dimensional release parameters and important features of the throwing technique for male javelin throwers of three different skill levels (elite, club, novice), recorded using three-dimensional cine or video. As expected, significant differences (p < .01) in throw distances and release speeds were found between all three groups. The only other release parameter for which a significant difference was found (between club and novice groups) was the yaw angle. The increase in release speed with increasing skill across the groups may be attributable in part to greater run-up speeds. Also important were significantly greater peak speeds of the throwing shoulder, elbow, and hand during the delivery stride for the elite group compared to the other groups. Significantly longer acceleration paths at the start of the delivery stride and a delay in elbow flexion until after final foot strike for the elite throwers were also important in generating greater release speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study of the optimal release of men's and women's new and old rule javelins involving modeling, simulation, optimization (including sensitivity analysis), and simulation evaluation. Because of the lack of reproducibility in earlier results of two-dimensional flight simulation research, the paper presents a continuation of the two-dimensional model used previously. As expected, each javelin was found to have a different optimal release for a given individual, and the optimal release varied with the thrower's nominal release speed. A limited degree of simulation evaluation was achieved by comparison of the model and simulation results with measured throws. Within the constraints of measurement error, this tended to support both the adequacy of the two-dimensional model and the results of the simulations for such high standard throws. However, further experimental studies to quantify the angle of yaw (sideslip) in measured wind conditions are recommended to assess any changes needed to the two-dimensional model of javelin throwing and to determine the advisability of including this three-dimensional aspect of javelin release in future simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the plantar pressures and forces recorded from both feet of two groups of javelin throwers of different performance levels, in order to investigate differences between skill levels. The study was carried out using an EMED insole system on a Tartan javelin runway at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. Most of the differences (at p < .01) between the two groups were found in the two foot contacts during the delivery stride. Higher maximum total forces (forces on the whole foot) and maximum pressures were recorded for the more skilled or club throwers during the right foot contact at the beginning of this stride. For the left foot landing before release, the club throwers exhibited higher overall maximum forces and overall pressures (the largest forces and pressures recorded on any of the different foot regions) than the novices. The differences between the groups in the medial forefoot region contributed significantly to this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated body segment contributions to javelin throwing during the last thrust phases. A 3-D analysis was performed on male and female javelin throwers during the finals of the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. The subjects were videotaped from the right side of the throwing area by two NAC high-speed cameras operating at 100 frames per second. Both men's and women's grip of javelin and body center of mass displayed a curved pathway to the right from the left (bracing) foot during the final foot contact. The position of the body center of mass decreased at the beginning of the final foot contact, but after the decrease period it began to increase. Simultaneously with the increase, the peak joint center speeds occurred in a proper sequence from proximal to distal segments and finally to the javelin at release. Release speed correlated significantly with throwing distance in both males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a research related to the effectiveness of the mix between the enrichment and the compilation on the skill of the javelin throw cognitive outcomes in students of the Faculty of Sports Education at Zagazig University in Zagazig, Egypt. Topics include exercises for skill to throw the javelin stated to contribute to play a fundamental role in the education of the skill in order to reach the target with a minimum effort by avoiding errors on the educational process.

The article provides information on impact of core strength training on physical abilities and performance of release phase. Topics discussed include correction of mechanical position and technical performance; javelin throw using left foot position and methods for weight training; and lumbar spine.

This paper explores the approaches adopted by high-level field athletics coaches when attempting to refine an athlete’s already well-established technique (long and triple jump and javelin throwing). Six coaches, who had all coached multiple athletes to multiple major championships, took part in semi-structured interviews focused upon a recent example of technique refinement. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis. The coaching tools reported were generally consistent with those advised by the existing literature, focusing on attaining “buy-in”, utilising part-practice, restoring movement automaticity and securing performance under pressure. Five of the six coaches reported using a systematic sequence of stages to implement the refinement, although the number and content of these stages varied between them. Notably, however, there were no formal sources of knowledge (e.g., coach education or training) provided to inform coaches’ decision making. Instead, coaches’ decisions were largely based on experience both within and outside the sporting domain. Data offer a useful stimulus for reflection amongst sport practitioners confronted by the problem of technique refinement. Certainly the limited awareness of existing guidelines on technique refinement expressed by the coaches emphasises a need for further collaborative work by researchers and coach educators to disseminate best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using guided discovery style on each of kinetic satisfaction, level of skill performance, and achievement in the javelin throwing event. For the purposes of this study the researcher used an experimental method. Study sample consisted of (20) students from physical education faculty students enrolled in the course of track and field during the first semester of the academic year (2015-2016). Participants were selected purposively and divided into two equal groups. The experimental group consisted of ten (n=10) students who learned by a guided discovery style and the control group consisted of ten (n=10) students who learned by traditional style. Application program lasted for six weeks with three units in the week, and the duration of each unit was 60 minutes. The study results showed that the educational program by using guided discovery style had a positive impact on improving the level of kinetic satisfaction, performance skills and achievement for the students in javelin throwing. The researcher recommended using the proposed guided discovery style to improve the level of kinetic satisfaction, performance skills, and achievement in javelin throwing among students of the faculty of physical education at Yarmouk University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander Zhmodikov's influential 2000 article argued that the Roman army of the Republic relied more on the javelin (pilum) than had been previously believed. But the question of the prevalence of ranged weapons on the Roman battlefield requires a more careful look--one that differentiates between the types of ranged weapons that were employed and what they can tell us about Roman infantry combat in general. By surveying various battle narratives in Greek and Roman authors, this article nuances Zhmodikov's claim by analyzing the appearance of the pilum on the battlefield during the Roman Middle Republic to argue that the Roman army relied heavily on showers of light javelins (tela) from the light infantry (velites) to affect the interchanging of infantry lines during combat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throwing events in track and field are among the oldest sporting events in recorded history and include shot put, discus, hammer, and javelin. All throwing athletes use the kinetic chain to transfer energy from the lower extremities, through the pelvis, trunk, shoulder, arm, wrist, hand, and finally into the implement to generate maximum force. Throughout this sequential activation, mobilization, and stabilization of body segments, there is opportunity for breakdown in the chain, which can lead to injury. This review describes the biomechanics and kinetic chain components of each event and highlights injuries common among all throwers as well as injuries unique to each event. The cornerstone of prevention is practicing and competing with proper technique. It is important to understand the breadth of injuries that can affect these athletes to develop evidence based diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the exploitation of inertial measurements to analyze javelin throwing mechanics. The main objective was to demonstrate that consumer-grade inertial navigation systems, augmented with some position and attitude data obtained from a video sequence, yield detailed information of the mechanics of javelin throwing. Especially, such a system makes it possible to analyze the momentary force and power exerted on the javelin during the acceleration phase. Although the presented system is a pilot, leaving space for further improvements, it already reveals the potential of inertial navigation systems to sports. In practise, an inertial measurement unit was embedded inside the tip of the javelin to determine the javelin's momentary attitude, position, and velocity. Graphs on the speed and angular velocity about the longitudinal axis of the javelin during the whole performance are presented. The maximum estimated release speed and release angular speed were 28.02 m/s and 215.9 rad/s, respectively. The acceleration phase trajectory of the javelin and its deviation from a straight line path are demonstrated. Additionally, the momentary forces and powers are shown and the effect of aerodynamic forces on the projectile is specified. The magnitude of the maximum tangential forces and accelerating powers were 364 N and 9.76 kW. The duration and length of the acceleration phase trajectory varied between 223 and 231 ms, and 2.48 and 2.75 m. To estimate the accuracy of the inertial measurements, the acceleration phase results were compared to measurements made with high-speed cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Javelin throwing discipline for disabled people has been expanding couple of years back. In addition, world’s records have been improving year after year. The esential part in preparation of low vision javelin throwers is mastering the technique elements, crucial for acquiring better results. Method of theoretical analysis, decriptive and comparative methods of survey were applied. Relevant knowledge in the area of low vision javelin throwers was analyzed and systematized, and then interpretated theoretically and applied on the top javelin thrower, which served as a base for the inovative apporoach in methodology and praxis with disabled people. Due to visual impairment, the coordination and balance are challenged. This limitation practically makes the difference in methodology, explained in this article. Apart from the goals focused on improving the condition and results on competitions, more specialized goals should be considered, e.g. improving of orientation, balance and socialization process for the people who have low vision. Special approach used in the technique preparation brought the significant improvement in techique of our famous Paralympian Grlica Miloš. In addition to the technique improvement he acquired better results on the big competitions and a few worldwide valuable prizes were won. The area of ’sport for disabled people’ is not enough present in the praxis of sport’s workers. More articles and scientific surveys on this topic are needed for further work and results improvement with these kind of sportsmen.

Power is a motor skill important for low vision javelin throwers. The motor skill development (power, speed, endurance etc.) linked to the fact that javelin is the lightest throwing device, we come to conclusion that the result in this discipline depends much more on the speed and flexibility than on the power. Nevertheless, development of speed power significantly influences the acquiring of good results in above mentioned discipline. While working with low vision sportsmen the attention should be focused on possible limitations in training of power that could be determined by some kind of illness or injury primarly caused the low vision. Experimental method od survey based on one sample was applied (case study). Equipment used in the experiments were adjusted to the needs, age and level of condition of examinee- Grlica Miloš (current European Record Breaker, 3rd on the World’s Championship 2012 in New Zealand, discipline of javlin throwing, category F12). The survey consisted of two-months cycle in the period from 01/04/2012 until 01/06/2012 as a part of preparation for Paralympic Games in London 2012. Measured variables include: 5kg ball throwing in front and above, standing long jump, 4kg ball throwing exercise aut. Based on the applied tests a conclusion can be made that the impact of force on acquiring better results, in this discipline, is very strong. Regardless the acquired results, in our opinion too big and too fast improvement in this area of physical preparation can be contraproductive due to the occurence of inadequate movements in joints which are esential for the discipline. Power development is definitely crucial segment in modeling of training process for javelin throwers. There are many surveys and articles about this topic but very little focusing on disabled people. Future work should examine special characteristics and differences regarding this population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a preventive exercise protocol based on structural and functional changes present in shoulder joints of young throwing athletes. As a proof of concept, these changes were previously evaluated in a cross-section of high-performance junior javelin throwers.Methods: Thirteen members of the German and Bavarian junior javelin squad (mean age 17.5 ± 0.8 years) completed a systematic clinical examination, shoulder range of motion (ROM) measurement, and were scored with standardized clinical tools. 3.0 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted on both shoulders. Bilateral three-dimensional analysis of the scapulothoracic motion during multiplanar humeral elevation and isokinetic strength testing of the shoulder internal and external rotators was accomplished. Based on the findings, a preventive exercise protocol was confirmed.Results: Dominant internal ROM was significantly decreased (dominant 48° ± 20° vs. non-dominant 57° ± 19°; P = 0.006) and dominant external ROM increased (dominant 117° ± 15° vs. non-dominant 107° ± 10°; P = 0.008). MRI revealed posterosuperior intraosseous cysts of the humeral head with a size larger than >3 mm in 69 % of the dominant shoulders and only in 15 % in the non-dominant shoulders. Motion analysis of the static scapular resting position was significantly different between dominant and non-dominant sides regarding anterior tilt (dominant > non-dominant, mean difference 4.2°, P = 0.010) and retraction (dominant > non-dominant, mean difference 2.4°, P = 0.038). Dominant scapular anterior tilt during flexion and abduction was significantly increased (-4.3°, P = 0.006; -3.4°, P = 0.046). Dominant retraction was significantly increased during abduction (-2.3°, P = 0.040). Isokinetic outcome parameters presented nonsignificant bilateral differences.Conclusions: Elite junior javelin throwers already present structural (humeral intraosseous cysts) and biomechanical changes (ROM deficits and asymmetric scapulothoracic motion patterns), even if they have no history of major shoulder pain or injury. A novel exercise protocol was developed in order to address the complex of alterations in a comprehensive way. Preventive diagnostics in combination with a systematic all-year preventive exercise intervention might be one option to detect and control risk factors of a symptomatic throwing shoulder at an early stage.Level Of Evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the Second World War the Southeast Asian countries of Burma (1948), Laos (1954), Cambodia (1955), South Vietnam (1955), Malaya (1957), and Singapore (1959) sought independence from the British, French and Japanese colonialists. The first post Second World War and post-colonial biannual multisport Southeast Asian Games was held in Bangkok in 1959 among these countries (and Thailand) although they were relatively poor developing countries. Referring to official reports of the eight bi-annual SEAP Games and other sources of information this research studies how the organization of the eight SEAP Games since 1959 contributed to the nation building process of each country and shaped the political landscape. This was carried out by creating a national identity through sports in each country as well as creating a sense of regional cooperation during periods of war, shifting boundaries and identities. This was done through rituals to legitimize newly ascended constitutional monarchies and heads of states, national flags and athletes' national identity during competition. The SEAP Games also gradually opened avenues for women's participation similar to female athletes in the Olympic Games. It also provided opportunities for promising athletes to shine, improve and compete at higher levels at the Asian and Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The most ancient weapon, the club, evolved over millennia into devastatingly effective martial arts worldwide. Many cultural martial traditions across the planet utilized the club not just for combat, but for restorative health and developed strength: Indian Kalaripayat, Iranian Pahlavani, Okinawan Karate and Russian SAMBO.The aim of this study was to investigate that Effect of Clubbell exercises on certain physical variables and performance level of javelin throw for male college students. Methods. Thirty male students fromfirst Grade at the Faculty of Physical Education, Mansoura University for the academic year 2012/2013 AD, divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 15) performedClubbell exercises training and control group (n = 15) performed traditional exercise. Subjects were required to read and complete a health questionnaire and informed consent document; there was no history of injuries, diabetes or recent surgery. Results. Significant Difference between the experimental group and control group in Standing Long Jump Test, Sit and Reach Test, Softball throw test Handgrip Strength (lift), Handgrip Strength (right), Static strength test (BS), Modified Bass Test and Performance level of javelin throw for posttest to the experimental group. No Significant Difference between two groups in Static strength test (LS), Flying Start 30m Sprint. Conclusion. under the condition of our study, Clubbell exercises intervention for eight weeks has a beneficial effect on certain physical variables and performance level of javelin throw for male college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]