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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the depression situation and the mediating role of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in the relationship between financial toxicity and depression in young breast cancer (BC) patient-family caregiver dyads. Methods A total of 196 young BC patient-family caregiver dyads at four hospitals in China were investigated. The Comprehensive scores for financial toxicity based on patient-reported outcome measures, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the FCR Inventory Short Form were assessed. The actor-partner interdependence mediation model using structural equation modelling in AMOS software was applied to examine the direct and indirect effects. Results In this study, there were 196 pairs of patients and family caregivers. The findings indicated a significant correlation between financial toxicity and FCR in both young BC patients and their family caregivers. Two significant partner effects were observed: the family caregiver’s financial toxicity significantly influenced the patient’s FCR (β=-0.450, P

Abstract Purpose Breast cancer, as a stressful event, profoundly impacts the entire family, especially patients and their spouses. This study used a dyadic analysis approach to explore the dyadic effects of illness perception on the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and whether maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies acted as a mediator in breast cancer patient-spouse dyads. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, and 202 dyads of breast cancer patients and their spouses were enrolled. Illness perception, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies, and FCR were assessed by the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Short Form (FCRI-SF), respectively. Data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. Results This study found that, for patients and spouses, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies mediated the actor effects of illness perception on FCR. That is, illness perception was positively related to their maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies, which increased the risk of FCR. Another important finding was that patients’ illness perception had significant direct and indirect effects on spouses’ FCR through spouses’ maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Conclusions Negative illness perception perceived by patients and spouses can increase their FCR by adapting their maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Furthermore, illness perception perceived by patients can also increase spouses’ FCR through spouses’ maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Medical staff should identify vulnerable patients and spouses with higher illness perception and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and make focused interventions to decrease the risk of FCR of both breast cancer patients and their spouses.

Abstract Background To prospectively determine whether tympanoplasty for tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in wet ears impacts recovery. Methods We prospectively enrolled 32 TMP patients (2021–2023) and divided them into the wet-ear (14 patients) and dry-ear groups (18 patients), according to the presence of middle-ear secretions/edema. All patients underwent high-resolution thin-slice computed tomography, ear endoscopy, and pure tone audiometry. Results Perforation healing was similar in the dry- ear (94.44%) and wet-ear groups (85.7%, P = 0.5685). At 3 months, dry ears were achieved in 94.44% and 92.86% of patients in the dry- and wet-ear groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The air-bone gap (ABG) at 3 months was similar in the dry-ear (9.4047 ± 4.3415 dB) and wet-ear groups (6.5278 ± 5.4552 dB, P = 0.1171). In both groups, the mean air-conduction threshold, bone-conduction threshold, and ABG significantly decreased postoperatively (P

Abstract Transcription factors (TFs), including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), T-box transcription factor (TPIT) and pituitary transcription factor–1 (PIT-1), play a pivotal role in the cytodifferentiation of adenohypophysis. However, the impact of TFs on the growth patterns of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the expression of TFs and NFPAs growth patterns. Preoperative MRI in 171 patients who underwent surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas were analyzed to determine tumor growth patterns. Immunohistochemical staining for transcription factors PIT-1, TPIT, and SF-1 was done on all samples. Extrasellar growth was divided into three principal directions: infrasellar, suprasellar and lateral cavernous sinus invasion (CSI). Suprasellar extension was defined as tumor extension superior to the tuberculum sellae-dorsum sellae line, inferior extension as invasion through the sellar floor into the sphenoid sinus or clivus and CSI as Knosp grading score of 3 ~ 4. Statistical analysis to compare the groups was conducted using the Fisher’s exact test and t-test. TPIT-expressing tumors were more likely to exhibit combined infrasellar extension (55.17 vs 17.70%, p

Abstract Chronic allodynia stemming from peripheral stump neuromas can persist for extended periods, significantly compromising patients’ quality of life. Conventional managements for nerve stumps have demonstrated limited effectiveness in ensuring their orderly termination. In this study, we present a spatially confined conduit strategy, designed to enhance the self-organization of regenerating nerves after truncation. This innovative approach elegantly enables the autonomous slowing of axonal outgrowth in response to the gradually constricting space, concurrently suppressing neuroinflammation through YAP-mediated mechanotransduction activation. Meanwhile, the decelerating axons exhibit excellent alignment and remyelination, thereby helping to prevent failure modes in nerve self-organization, such as axonal twisting in congested regions and overgrowth beyond the conduit’s capacity. Additionally, proteins associated with mechanical allodynia, including TRPA1 and CGRP, exhibit a gradual reduction in expression as spatial constraints tighten, a trend inversely validated by the administration of the YAP-targeted inhibitor Verteporfin. This spatially confined conduit strategy significantly alleviates allodynia, thus preventing autotomy behavior and reducing pain-induced gait alterations.

In this paper, Sedum simingshanense sp. nov. is described as a new species based on morphological and molecular analyses, and its taxonomic relationships are discussed. Morphological analysis indicates S. simingshanense should be classified in the genus Sedum sect. Sedum and is distinct from the related species S. xunvense and S. formosanum in the morphology of its solitary, light green and smooth stems, flattened leaves, larger, obovate and spurless sepals, yellow anthers, 22–30 ovules per carpel, oblique follicles, and its habitat on shaded slopes or rocks. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) also demonstrates that S. simingshanense has a highest similarity of only 97.22% with any known species and S. formosanum is the closest extant relative of the new species.

Wound healing in chronic diabetic patients remains challenging due to the multiple types of cellular dysfunction and the impairment of multidimensional microenvironments. The physical signals of structural anisotropy offer significant potential for orchestrating multicellular regulation through physical contact and cellular mechanosensing pathways, irrespective of cell type. In this study, we developed a highly oriented anisotropic nanofiber hydrogel designed to provide directional guidance for cellular extension and cytoskeletal organization, thereby achieving pronounced multicellular modulation, including shape-induced polarization of macrophages, morphogenetic maturation of Schwann cells, oriented extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by fibroblasts, and enhanced vascularization by endothelial cells. Additionally, we incorporated a VEGF-mimicking peptide to further reinforce angiogenesis, a pivotal phase that interlocks with immune regulation, neurogenesis, and tissue regeneration, ultimately contributing to optimized inter-microenvironmental crosstalk. In vivo studies validated that the anisotropic bioactive nanofiber hydrogel effectively accelerated diabetic wound healing by harnessing the triadic synergy of the immune-angiogenic-neurogenic microenvironments. Our findings highlight the promising potential of combining physical and bioactive signals for the modulation of various cell types and the refinement of the multidimensional microenvironment, offering a novel strategy for diabetic wound healing.

Biomimetic neural substitutes, constructed through the bottom-up assembly of cell-matrix modulus via 3D bioprinting, hold great promise for neural regeneration. However, achieving precise control over the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs) to ensure biological functionality remains challenging. Cell behaviors are closely linked to cellular dynamics and cell-matrix mechanotransduction within a 3D microenvironment. To address this, a dynamic bioactive bioink is designed to provide adaptable biomechanics and instructive biochemical cues, specifically tailored for the fate commitment of NSCs, through incorporating reversible Schiff-base bonds and bioactive motifs, N-cadherin-mimicking and BDNF-mimicking peptides. We demonstrate that the dynamic properties of 3D bioprinted living fibers alleviate the mechanical confinement on NSCs and significantly enhance their mechanosensing, spreading, migration, and matrix remodeling within the 3D matrix. Additionally, the inclusion of N-cadherin-mimicking and BDNF-mimicking peptides further enhances cells’ ability to sense and respond to mechanical and neurotrophic cues provided by the surrounding matrix, which accelerates the self-organization of a functional neural network within the 3D bioprinted construct, leading to significant motor and sensory function recovery in a rat complete spinal cord injury model. This work underscores the critical role of precisely designing cell-instructive bioinks for the advanced functionality of 3D bioprinted living constructs in neural regeneration.

Abstract Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is one of the most important pathogens that causes upper respiratory tract disease in felines. Following infection, FHV-1 can spread retrogradely to the trigeminal ganglia, establishing a life-long latency. Although vaccines are available for routine feline vaccination, FHV-1 is still an agent that poses a serious threat to feline health. There are currently no specific drugs for the treatment of FHV-1. To facilitate the screening of antiviral drugs, we constructed a reporter FHV-1 virus, which expresses a secreted Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and a bright green fluorescent protein, mNeonGreen. The reporter virus shows slower growth than does the wild-type FHV-1. The expression of the two reporter genes, Gluc and mNeonGreen, was consistent with viral propagation and remained stable during continuous passage in CRFK cells, even after twenty rounds. In addition, the known inhibitor ganciclovir was used to confirm the characteristics of the reporter virus for drug screening. We found that the reporter FHV-1 is suitable for antiviral screening assays. Overall, our work provides a useful tool for screening drugs to combat FHV-1.

Abstract To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and galactomannan (GM) testing in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and to compare mNGS with other diagnostic approaches (serum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-GM and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) including sputum smears and culture, BALF fungal culture, and bronchial brushing). In all, 237 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 120 patients with IPA and 117 with non-IPA pulmonary infections treated at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between June 2021 and February 2024. The diagnostic performance of mNGS was compared to conventional diagnostic methods including serum GM, BALF-GM, sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture, bronchial brushings, and BALF culture. The proportion of patients with underlying diseases was significantly higher in the IPA group than in the non-IPA group (P

In this research, we investigated the role of PIK3R6, a regulatory subunit of PI3Kγ, known for its tumor-promoting properties, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Utilizing the UALCAN website, we found PIK3R6 upregulated in CCRCC, correlating with lower survival rates. We compared PIK3R6 expression in CCRCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Post RNA interference-induced knockdown of PIK3R6 in 786-O and ACHN cell lines, we performed CCK-8, colony formation, Edu staining, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. Results showed that PIK3R6 silencing reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Molecular analysis revealed decreased CDK4, Cyclin D1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Bcl-2, p-PI3K and p-AKT, with increased cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and E-cadherin levels in CCRCC cells. Moreover, inhibiting PIK3R6 hindered tumor growth. These findings suggest a significant role for PIK3R6 in CCRCC cell proliferation and metastasis, presenting it as a potential therapeutic target.

Abstract This study integrates pharmacology databases with bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to reveal the latent anti-PDAC capacities of BBR. Target genes of BBR were sifted through TargetNet, CTD, SwissTargetPrediction, and Binding Database. Based on the GSE183795 dataset, DEG analysis, GSEA, and WGCNA were sequentially run to build a disease network. Through sub-network filtration acquired PDAC-related hub genes. A PPI network was established using the shared genes. Degree algorithm from cytoHubba screened the key cluster in the network. Analysis of differential mRNA expression and ROC curves gauged the diagnostic performance of clustered genes. CYBERSORT uncovered the potential role of the key cluster on PDAC immunomodulation. ScRNA-seq analysis evaluated the distribution and expression profile of the key cluster at the single-cell level, assessing enrichment within annotated cell subpopulations to delineate the target distribution of BBR in PDAC. We identified 425 drug target genes and 771 disease target genes, using 57 intersecting genes to construct the PPI network. CytoHubba anchored the top 10 highest contributing genes to be the key cluster. mRNA expression levels and ROC curves confirmed that these genes showed good robustness for PDAC. CYBERSORT revealed that the key cluster influenced immune pathways predominantly associated with Macrophages M0, CD8 T cells, and naïve B cells. ScRNA-seq analysis clarified that BBR mainly acted on epithelial cells and macrophages in PDAC tissues. BBR potentially targets CDK1, CCNB1, CTNNB1, CDK2, TOP2A, MCM2, RUNX2, MYC, PLK1, and AURKA to exert therapeutic effects on PDAC. The mechanisms of action appear to significantly involve macrophage polarization-related immunological responses.

Abstract The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a widely recognized and effective tool for monitoring meteorological droughts. However, existing SPEI datasets suffer from spatial discontinuity or coarse spatial resolution problems, which limits their applications at the local level for drought monitoring research. Therefore, we calculated the SPEI index at meteorological stations, combined with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Precipitation (Pre), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST), ERA5‐Land Shortwave Radiation (SR), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) datasets and Random Forest Regression (RFR) model, developed a high spatial resolution (1 km) SPEI (HSPEI) datasets with multiple time scales in mainland China from 2001 to 2022. Compared to other SPEI datasets, the HSPEI datasets have higher spatial resolution and can effectively identify the detailed characteristics of drought in mainland China from 2001 to 2022. Overall, the HSPEI datasets can be effectively applied to the research of different droughts in China from 2001 to 2022.

Abstract Cardia gastric cancer (CGC) is prevalent in East Asia, and noninvasive, cost-effective screening methods are needed. This study investigated the diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen (PG), gastrin-17 (G-17), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies, and proteomic profiling for CGC and precancerous lesions. We conducted a case-control study involving biopsy-confirmed patients with CGC (n = 60), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CLGD, n = 60), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CHGD, n = 64), and healthy controls (n = 120) matched for age and sex from high-incidence areas in China. Serological markers including PGI, PGII, G-17, and H. pylori were measured using ELISA and Western blot, while plasma protein markers were assessed using Olink® technology. The VSOLassoBag algorithm and nine machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to identify crucial features and construct predictive models. Various evaluation metrics, including the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), were utilized to compare predictive performance. Elevated PGII levels, decreased PGR, and H. pylori infection were significantly associated with an increased risk of CGC and precancerous lesions (P for trend

Abstract Background Substantial evidence indicates that measuring leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a useful tool that may be considered as a valuable biomarker of individual biological age, correlating with numerous chronic disorders. However, to date, there has been a lack of in-depth understanding regarding the current landscape and forthcoming developments in the LTL field. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize bibliometric methods to summarize the knowledge structure, current focus, and emerging directions in this field. Method Scientific publications on LTL spanning the period from 2000 to 2022 were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Several bibliometric tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and an online website were utilized for bibliometric analysis. The primary evaluations encompassed investigating the major contributors and their collaborative relationships among countries/regions, institutions, and authors, conducting co-citation analyses of authors, journals, as well as reference, examining reference bursts, as well as performing co-occurrence analyses of keywords. Results There are 1818 papers with 66,668 citations identified. Both the annual publication and citation counts on LTL exhibited significant upward trends. The United States emerged as the most prominent contributor, as evidenced by the greatest volume of papers and the highest H-index value. University of California San Francisco and Aviv A were identified as the most productive institution and author in this domain, respectively. Reference analysis revealed that longitudinal study and mendelian randomization study are the most concerned research method in this field recently. Keywords analysis showed that the most concerned diseases in LTL fields were aging, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, neurological and psychiatric diseases, and cancers. In addition, the following research directions such as “COPD”, “mendelian randomization”, “adiposity”, “colorectal cancer”, “National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES)”, “telomerase reverse transcriptase”, “pregnancy” have garnered increasing attention in recent times and hold the potential to evolve into research foci in the foreseeable future. Conclusion This is the first bibliometric study that provides comprehensive overview of LTL research. The findings of this study could become valuable references for investigators to explore and address the current and emerging challenges in LTL research.

PurposeTo evaluate the all-cause mortality rate and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) following hospital discharge for COVID-19.MethodsThis single-center prospective observational study included 187 discharged COVID-19 patients with diabetes and CKD, admitted between December 2022 and January 2023 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Cox regression analysis was used to assess mortality risk, and logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for rapid CKD progression after discharge.ResultsDuring the one-year follow-up, the all-cause mortality rate was 26.7%, with a COVID-19-related acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence of 35.3%, and 35.8% of patients experienced rapid CKD progression after discharge. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that sepsis and mechanical ventilation were major risk factors for post-discharge all-cause mortality. Logistic regression identified baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² as an independent risk factor for rapid CKD progression.ConclusionsDuring the one-year follow-up period, we observed that patients with diabetes and CKD exhibited higher all-cause mortality and experienced rapid deterioration of kidney function after acute infection with COVID-19. This underscores the importance of ongoing longitudinal follow-up to more accurately track the long-term health effects of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes and CKD.

BackgroundDepression, a prevalent chronic mental disorder, presents complexities and treatment challenges that drive researchers to seek new, precise therapeutic targets. Additionally, the potential connection between depression and cancer has garnered significant attention.MethodsThis study analyzed depression-related gene expression data from the GEO database. Using data normalization, differential expression analysis, WGCNA, and machine learning, we identified core genes strongly associated with depression. These genes were validated in depression patients through q-PCR and examined for expression patterns and potential roles across various cancers.ResultsWe identified six core genes (GRB10, TDRD9, BCL7A, GPR18, KLRG1, and THEM4) significantly associated with depression and cancer. In depression, GRB10 and TDRD9, involved in cell growth and stress responses, exhibited elevated expression, while BCL7A, GPR18, KLRG1, and THEM4, linked to immune regulation and apoptosis, showed reduced expression, suggesting dysregulated cellular signaling and impaired immune function. In cancer, these genes displayed altered expression patterns across tumor types, influencing tumor progression, prognosis, and immune microenvironment modulation. Shared molecular pathways, such as immune dysregulation and apoptosis, highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both depression and cancer.ConclusionThis study integrates bioinformatics and machine learning to uncover key molecular pathways and targets for depression, introducing innovative therapeutic prospects that may enhance precision treatment for depression. Furthermore, by revealing shared mechanisms between depression and cancer, we have identified six core genes with significant functional roles in immune regulation, apoptosis, and cellular signaling. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the molecular overlap between these conditions but also lay the groundwork for developing dual-targeted therapeutic strategies. This study uniquely contributes to bridging mental health and oncology research, offering new insights and hope for improving patient outcomes in both fields.

BackgroundIncreased PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells is considered as a hallmark for T-cell exhaustion, and is thought to be related to the prognosis of cancer patients. However, discrepant results have made it difficult to apply PD-1+CD8+T cells and tumor prognosis to clinical practice. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate its prognostic value in human cancers.MethodsPRISMA reporting guidelines were strictly followed for conducting the current meta-analysis. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases were searched from inception to November 2024. The pooled Hazard Ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each article were combined for the associations of PD-1+CD8+ T cells with overall survival (OS), progression- free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival(DFS). Subgroup analyses were performed for area, specimen type, cancer type, treatment, detected method and cancer stage.ResultsA total of 20 studies (23 cohorts, 3086 cancer patients) were included in our study. The expression PD-1+CD8+ T cells in cancer patients tended to predict poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.379, 95%CI: 1.084-1.753, p= 0.009), and unfavorable disease-free survival(DFS) (HR: 1.468, 95%CI: 0.931-2.316, p=0.099), though it did not reach statistical significance. Begg’s and Egger’s test demonstrated that no obvious publication bias was exist.ConclusionsHigh PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells is associated with worse survival outcomes, which can be potentially used as a prognostic marker of malignant tumor.

The southern Great Plains (SGP) has recently experienced wildfires with unprecedented severity and frequency, which significantly threatened human life and property and altered terrestrial ecosystem functions. While it is expected that future climate change will affect wildfire danger levels by altering fire weather and fuel conditions, there remains a significant gap in understanding how these changes will manifest in the SGP. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of the Burning Index (BI), a widely used fire danger index in the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS), and high fire danger days based on CMIP5 climate simulations, comparing the 1986–2005 historical period and 2006–2099 under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and (2) identify important weather variables driving projected BI changes. We found that the BI would increase at 0.1 × 10 ft per decade under RCP4.5 and 0.4 × 10 ft per decade under RCP8.5. By the end of the 21st century, the southwestern SGP is projected to become a hotspot for increased wildfire danger, its annual high fire danger days are projected to increase by over 25 days (50 %) under the RCP8.5 and more than 15 days (30 %) under the RCP4.5 compared to 1986–2005. The BI is projected to increase in all months except April, with the highest increases occurring during the summer. The primary climate factor contributing to future BI increases is a decline in relative humidity. Interestingly, our simulations suggest a potential decrease in BI for April, likely due to earlier vegetation green-up prompted by rising temperature. Overall, our study outlines future patterns of fire danger in the SGP. These findings are essential for developing long-term preparedness strategies to mitigate wildfire risks and adapt to the new wildfire regimes under changing climate conditions.

This study proposes the impregnation of silica gel with copper acetate dissolved in water as a valid alternative for the preparation of catalysts for hydrogenation of oxygenates. Copper precursors demonstrated a significant impact on the catalytic properties of the samples here prepared. Moreover, the use of copper acetate in combination with water as impregnation solvent led to the highest activity among the samples presented in this work, suggesting a role of solvent polarity. Characterization by TPR allowed the identification of an unexpected consumption of hydrogen per copper atom, which was associated to the ability to localize hydrogen. The presence of Cu+ ions in the samples was investigated by CO chemisorption, N2O reactive frontal chromatography and XPS. However, no evidence of its impact on the activity was established.

Abstract Backgrounds The use of large language models (LLMs) in medicine can help physicians improve the quality and effectiveness of health care by increasing the efficiency of medical information management, patient care, medical research, and clinical decision-making. Methods We collected 34 frequently asked questions about glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), covering topics related to the disease’s clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and risk factors. We also generated 25 questions based on the 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis (2022 ACR-GIOP Guideline). Each question was posed to the LLM (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini), and three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the responses generated by the LLMs. Three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the answers based on responses ranging between 1 and 4 points. A total score (TS) > 9 indicated ‘good’ responses, 6 ≤ TS ≤ 9 indicated ‘moderate’ responses, and TS

Abstract Semantic segmentation of point cloud data of architectural cultural heritage is of significant importance for HBIM modeling, disease extraction and analysis, and heritage restoration research fields. In the semantic segmentation task of architectural point cloud data, especially for the protection and analysis of architectural cultural heritage, the previous deep learning methods have poor segmentation effects due to the complexity and unevenness of the data, the high geometric feature similarity between different components, and the large scale changes. To this end, this paper proposes a novel encoder-decoder architecture called DSC-Net. It consists of an encoder-decoder structure based on point random sampling and several fully connected layers for semantic segmentation. To overcome the loss of key features caused by random downsampling, DSC-Net has developed two new feature aggregation schemes: the enhanced dual attention pooling module and the global context feature module, to learn discriminative features for the challenging scenes mentioned above. The former fully considers the topology and semantic similarity of neighboring points, generating attention features that can distinguish categories with similar structures. The latter uses spatial location and neighboring volume ratio to provide an overall view of different types of architectural scenes, helping the network understand the spatial relationships and hierarchical structures between different architectural elements. The proposed modules can be easily embedded into various network architectures for point cloud semantic segmentation. We conducted experiments on multiple datasets, including the ancient architecture dataset, the ArCH architectural cultural heritage dataset, and the publicly available architectural segmentation dataset S3DIS. The results show that the mIoU reached 63.56%, 55.84%, and 71.03% respectively. The experimental results prove that our method has the best segmentation effect in dealing with challenging architectural cultural heritage data and also demonstrates its practicality in a wider range of architectural point cloud segmentation applications.

Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that eliminates infected, damaged, or possibly neoplastic cells to sustain homeostatic multicellular organisms. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various types of PCD and regulate tumor growth, invasion, and migration, the role of PCD-related lncRNAs in bladder cancer still lacks systematic exploration. In this research, we integrated multiple types of PCD as pan-PCD and identified eight pan-PCD-related lncRNAs (LINC00174, HCP5, HCG27, UCA1, SNHG15, GHRLOS, CYB561D2, and AGAP11). Then, we generated a pan-PCD-related lncRNA prognostic signature (PPlncPS) with excellent predictive power and reliability, which performed equally well in the E-MTAB-4321 cohort. In comparison with the low-PPlncPS score group, the high-PPlncPS score group had remarkably higher levels of angiogenesis, matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts, myeloid cell traffic, and protumor cytokine signatures. In addition, the low-PPlncPS score group was positively correlated with relatively abundant immune cell infiltration, upregulated expression levels of immune checkpoints, and high tumor mutation burden (TMB). Immunogenomic profiles revealed that patients with both low PPlncPS scores and high TMB had the best prognosis and may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, for patients with high PPlncPS scores, docetaxel, staurosporine, and luminespib were screened as potential therapeutic candidates. In conclusion, we generated a pan-PCD-related lncRNA signature, providing precise and individualized prediction for clinical prognosis and some new insights into chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for bladder cancer.

Abstract Telemedicine has gained popularity due to the increasing use of technology in our lives. However, no studies have explored the demographic factors affecting acceptability, desirability and adherence (ADA) to telemedicine in Singapore. Our study aims to evaluate the level of ADA of telemedicine services within demographic factors and to explore the association of potential demographic factors with the degree of acceptability, desirability and adherence of telemedicine among older adults in Singapore. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Singapore citizens or permanent residents aged 40–99 years, who were able to provide informed consent. Interviewers conducted door-to-door surveys in 67 Blocks of Housing & Development Board flats in Singapore, offering a self-administered electronic questionnaire available in four languages. Random sampling without replacement determined the order of blocks, floors and units visited. The questionnaire utilised Qtelemediab scoring and covered sociodemographic data, usage of telemedicine, as well as ADA towards telemedicine. A total of 324 valid responses were analysed. Increased age was associated with a significant decrease across all three domains of ADA namely acceptability (β = − 0.02, 95%CI − 0.03; − 0.02, p-value = 0.002), desirability (β = − 0.02, 95%CI − 0.02; − 0.02, p-value

Abstract Background Globally, the majority of kindergarten-aged children face obesity issues and insufficient physical activity (PA) engagement. Regular PA participation can provide various health benefits, including obesity reduction, for kindergarten-aged children. However, limited studies have investigated the factors influencing kindergarten-aged children’s PA engagement from the perspective of their teachers. This qualitative study aimed to identify factors that could help promote PA among kindergarten-aged children from teachers’ perspectives, including facilitators, barriers, and teachers’ recommendations. Methods Fifteen kindergarten teachers (age range: 28–50 years; mean age: 38.53 years) with teaching experience ranging from 2 to 31 years (mean: 16.27 years) were recruited from Shanghai municipality, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces in China. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted via face-to-face (n = 7) or telephone (n = 8) to gather insights into factors influencing PA promotion among kindergarten-aged children. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparison approach based on grounded theory, which involved open, axial, and selective coding processes. Results The study revealed mutual theoretical support between themes and the social-ecological model (SEM), as factors identified in the study are distributed at various levels of the SEM. Twelve factors were identified at four levels of the SEM: (1) intrapersonal level (children’s personality and skills), (2) interpersonal level (family, peers, and teachers influence), (3) organizational level (school environment and resources, opportunities for kindergarten teachers’ training and children’s PA, design and organization of PA, and PA that children need), (4) community level (family-school partnerships). Conclusion Various factors at different levels can influence kindergarten-aged children’s PA. The study’s findings revealed that these factors are distributed across the first four levels of SEM, with the majority being at the organizational level. These multilevel findings are expected to assist in developing and implementing more effective PA interventions for kindergarten-aged children. Future research is warranted to identify strategies for promoting PA among kindergarten-aged children at the policy level of the SEM.

Abstract Activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a key genetic event in liver cancer development. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are promising drug targets. Here, we identify SLC13A3 as a drug-targetable effector downstream of β-catenin in liver cancer. SLC13A3 expression is elevated in human liver cancer samples with gain of function (GOF) mutant CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin. Activation of β-catenin up-regulates SLC13A3, leading to intracellular accumulation of endogenous SLC13A3 substrates. SLC13A3 is identified as a low-affinity transporter for glutathione (GSH). Silencing of SLC13A3 downregulates the leucine transporter SLC7A5 via c-MYC signaling, leading to leucine depletion and mTOR inactivation. Furthermore, silencing of SLC13A3 depletes GSH and induces autophagic ferroptosis in β-catenin-activated liver cancer cells. Importantly, both genetic inhibition of SLC13A3 and a small molecule SLC13A3 inhibitor suppress β-catenin-driven hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Altogether, our study suggests that SLC13A3 could be a promising therapeutic target for treating human liver cancers with GOF CTNNB1 mutations.

Abstract Semantic segmentation of point clouds of ancient buildings plays an important role in Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM). As the annotation task of point cloud of ancient architecture is characterised by strong professionalism and large workload, which greatly restricts the application of point cloud semantic segmentation technology in the field of ancient architecture, therefore, this paper launches a research on the semantic segmentation method of point cloud of ancient architecture based on weak supervision. Aiming at the problem of small differences between classes of ancient architectural components, this paper introduces a self-attention mechanism, which can effectively distinguish similar components in the neighbourhood. Moreover, this paper explores the insufficiency of positional encoding in baseline and constructs a high-precision point cloud semantic segmentation network model for ancient buildings—Semantic Query Network based on Dual Local Attention (SQN-DLA). Using only 0.1% of the annotations in our homemade dataset and the Architectural Cultural Heritage (ArCH) dataset, the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) reaches 66.02% and 58.03%, respectively, which is an improvement of 3.51% and 3.91%, respectively, compared to the baseline.

Abstract Diurnal asymmetric warming, a critical feature of climate change, significantly impacts water‐carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics and long‐term trends of the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) from 1961 to 2022 using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Our results reveal a trend reversal in global averaged DTR around 1988, shifting from a decrease to an increase, affecting 47% of global land areas. Subsequent to the reversal, the most pronounced increases were observed in temperate regions. Seasonal analysis shows earlier reversals in spring and summer, with accelerated change rates following the reversal. Additionally, increased surface solar radiation from reduced cloud cover caused daily maximum (Tmax) temperatures to warm faster than the minimum (Tmin), leading to a reversal and intensified DTR. These complex patterns underscore the need for targeted climate policies and adaptation strategies to tackle global warming.

Abstract Phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for retinal homeostasis. Dysregulation of the phagocytotic process is associated with irreversible retinal degenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the phagocytic activity of RPE cells remain elusive. In an effort to uncover proteins orchestrating retinal function, the cylindromatosis (CYLD) deubiquitinase is identified as a critical regulator of photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis. CYLD‐deficient mice exhibit abnormal retinal structure and function. Mechanistically, CYLD interacts with enkurin domain containing protein 1 (ENKD1) and deubiquitinates ENKD1 at lysine residues K141 and K242. Deubiquitinated ENKD1 interacts with Ezrin, a membrane‐cytoskeleton linker, and stimulates the microvillar localization of Ezrin, which is essential for the phagocytic activity of RPE cells. These findings thus reveal a crucial role for the CYLD‐ENKD1‐Ezrin axis in regulating retinal homeostasis and may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

Aims This study aimed to investigate the correlations between estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (esd-LDL-c) and the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods We analyzed the data from a biopsy-proven DKD cohort conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2009 and 2021 (the DKD cohort) and participants with DM and CKD in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 (the NHANES DM-CKD cohort). Cox regression analysis was also used to estimate associations between esd-LDL-c and the incidence of ESKD, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.Results There were 175 ESKD events among 338 participants in the DKD cohort. Patients were divided into three groups based on esd-LDL-c tertiles (T1

Sample preparation, a vital element across analytical procedures, enhances accuracy, sensitivity, and enrichment of trace analytes, widely applied in food safety, environmental analysis, medicine and health. The choice of extraction materials, a pivotal determinant of efficacy, has been advanced by the development of novel materials, driving progress in sample preparation technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and their composites boast exceptional stability, tunable pores, vast specific surface areas, conferring versatility and applicability across diverse sample preparation domains. Here, we have reviewed the preparation strategies for MOFs, COFs, and their hybrid composites, comprehensively introducing the diverse applications of them in sample preparation. Furthermore, the challenges and development trends for sample preparation in combination with the development of materials were summarized and discussed.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and osteoporosis (OP) are associated with aging and obesity. The pathogenesis of SO is complex, including glucolipid and skeletal muscle metabolic disorders caused by inflammation, insulin resistance, and other factors. Growing evidence links muscle damage to bone loss. Muscle-lipid metabolism disorders of SO disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, increasing the risk of OP. Conversely, bones also play a role in fat and muscle metabolism. In the context of aging and obesity, the comprehensive review focuses on the effects of mechanical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), chronic inflammation, myokines, and adipokines on musculoskeletal, at the same time, the impact of osteokines on muscle-lipid metabolism were also analyzed. So far, exercise combined with diet therapy is the most effective strategy for increasing musculoskeletal mass. A holistic treatment of musculoskeletal diseases is still in the preliminary exploration stage. Therefore, this article aims to improve the understanding of musculoskeletal -fat interactions in SO and OP, explores targets that can provide holistic treatment for SO combined with OP, and discusses current limitations and challenges. We hope to provide relevant ideas for developing specific therapies and improving disease prognosis in the future.

Various anthropogenic disturbances, such as urbanization, agricultural production, and infrastructure development, are contributing to global and regional ecosystem degradation. However, comprehensive quantitative assessment methods for evaluating regional-scale anthropogenic impacts remain insufficient. This study introduces a comprehensive assessment framework based on ecological integrity (EI) derived from the landscape condition model (LCM), combined with commonality analysis and other quantitative methods. This framework was applied to the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in North China to assess the spatio-temporal variations and spatial aggregation of EI, identify the major drivers of EI degradation, and determine the formation mechanisms of resultant EI patterns. The anthropogenic impacts, as measured by EI, exhibit significant spatial and aggregation heterogeneity across functional zones. This heterogeneity, along with the observed temporal variations (2000–2022), is attributed to diverse anthropogenic disturbances within intricate biophysical and socioeconomic contexts. This framework can indirectly improve the R2 of multiple linear regression models related to EI by identifying grassland and cropland as suppressor variables to enhance the predictive capacity of other variables. Consequently, this framework enables decision-makers to accurately identify major drivers of EI degradation, such as road construction and urbanization, and understand the combined effects of major drivers and suppressor variables on the resultant EI patterns. Lastly, within specific policy contexts, this framework offers several management implications for mitigating anthropogenic threats to EI, including effectively regulating urbanization and restoring forest landscapes. This framework provides fundamental support for anthropogenic impact assessment and management strategy design at a regional scale.

Abstract Purpose In this study, the actor–partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was applied to breast cancer patients and their caregivers to assess the factors that affect the fear of cancer recurrence. In particular, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of social support on financial toxicity and the fear of cancer recurrence, providing an effective basis for developing plans to reduce the level of fear of cancer recurrence. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional design, and 405 dyads of breast cancer patients and their caregivers were enrolled. Financial toxicity, social support, and fear of cancer recurrence were assessed by computing comprehensive scores for financial toxicity based on patient-reported outcome measures, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Short Form, respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results The results showed that the fear of cancer recurrence of breast cancer patients and their caregivers was significantly related to dyadic financial toxicity and social support. In addition, the financial toxicity of breast cancer patients and their caregivers had significant actor effects and partner effects on the fear of cancer recurrence through dyadic social support. Conclusions The financial toxicity of breast cancer patients and their caregivers could produce actor and partner effects on the fear of cancer recurrence through the mediation of social support, which provided empirical support for improving reducing the level of fear of cancer recurrence among patients and caregivers at the dyadic level.

Abstract Surface ozone is an important air pollutant detrimental to human health and vegetation productivity, particularly in China. However, high resolution surface ozone concentration data is still lacking, largely hindering accurate assessment of associated environmental impacts. Here, we collected hourly ground ozone observations (over 6 million records), remote sensing products, meteorological data, and social-economic information, and applied recurrent neural networks to map hourly surface ozone data (HrSOD) at a 0.1° × 0.1° resolution across China during 2015–2020. The coefficient of determination (R2) values in sample-based, site-based, and by-year cross-validations were 0.72, 0.65 and 0.71, respectively, with the root mean square error (RMSE) values being 11.71 ppb (mean = 30.89 ppb), 12.81 ppb (mean = 30.96 ppb) and 11.14 ppb (mean = 31.26 ppb). Moreover, it exhibits high spatiotemporal consistency with ground-level observations at different time scales (diurnal, seasonal, annual), and at various spatial levels (individual sites and regional scales). Meanwhile, the HrSOD provides critical information for fine-resolution assessment of surface ozone impacts on environmental and human benefits.

Abstract SLC22A10 is an orphan transporter with unknown substrates and function. The goal of this study is to elucidate its substrate specificity and functional characteristics. In contrast to orthologs from great apes, human SLC22A10, tagged with green fluorescent protein, is not expressed on the plasma membrane. Cells expressing great ape SLC22A10 orthologs exhibit significant accumulation of estradiol-17β-glucuronide, unlike those expressing human SLC22A10. Sequence alignments reveal a proline at position 220 in humans, which is a leucine in great apes. Replacing proline with leucine in SLC22A10-P220L restores plasma membrane localization and uptake function. Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes show proline at position 220, akin to modern humans, indicating functional loss during hominin evolution. Human SLC22A10 is a unitary pseudogene due to a fixed missense mutation, P220, while in great apes, its orthologs transport sex steroid conjugates. Characterizing SLC22A10 across species sheds light on its biological role, influencing organism development and steroid homeostasis.

Objective: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a prevalent and severe sequela of stroke. It is an emotional disorder that significantly impacts functional recovery, prognosis, secondary stroke risk, and mortality among stroke survivors. The incidence rate of PSD is 18 %∼33 %, with symptoms such as low mood, decreased interest, sleep disorders, decreased appetite, impaired attention, and in severe cases, hallucinations and even suicidal tendencies. While diverse therapeutic modalities are employed globally to address PSD, each approach carries its inherent advantages and limitations. Notably, acupuncture stands out as a promising and effective intervention for ameliorating PSD symptoms and enhancing stroke prognosis. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to scrutinize the current landscape, identify hotspots, and explore frontiers in acupuncture research for PSD. Methods: A systematic search for acupuncture and PSD-related research was conducted from January 2014 to October 2023 on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The data were downloaded and processed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to generate knowledge visualization maps. Results: A total of 11,540 articles related to acupuncture and PSD were retrieved. China emerged as the leading contributor with the highest volume of articles on acupuncture and PSD. Author Liu CZ attained the highest H-index, focusing primarily on investigating the compatibility effects and mechanisms of acupoints. Common hotspot keywords included pain, stimulation, mechanisms, complementary, and alternative medicine. The main research frontiers were mechanisms, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, and therapeutic methods. Conclusion: This study offered multifaceted insights into acupuncture for PSD, unveiling pivotal areas, research hotspots, and emerging trends. The findings aimed to guide researchers in exploring novel research directions and selecting appropriate journals for advancing the understanding and treatment of PSD through acupuncture interventions.

Study DesignA systematic review and Meta-analysisObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of denosumab and teriparatide versus oral bisphosphonates to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.Summary of Background DataWhile bisphosphonates have historically been the cornerstone of pharmacological management for bone protection in patients, emerging evidence suggests that teriparatide and denosumab warrant further investigation as potential first-line treatments. The optimal choice among denosumab, teriparatide, and oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains a subject of ongoing debate and controversy within the scientific community.MethodsThis systematic review adhered meticulously to the rigorous standards outlined by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines as well as the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Additionally, it employed the AMSTAR (Assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews) criteria to ensure methodological robustness and enhance the credibility of the findings. A systematic electronic search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception dates up to February 2024.ResultsIn this meta-analysis of studies, our findings suggest that compared to bisphosphonates, both teriparatide and denosumab demonstrated notable increases in percentage changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Furthermore, denosumab exhibited superiority over teriparatide and oral bisphosphonates in enhancing percentage changes in both femoral neck and total hip BMD, indicating its potential as a more efficacious option. Regarding safety outcomes, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of serious adverse events among patients treated with teriparatide, denosumab, and bisphosphonates. However, teriparatide showed superiority over oral bisphosphonates in terms of a lower risk of general adverse events, suggesting a favorable safety profile.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study suggests that teriparatide and denosumab demonstrate comparable or potentially superior efficacy and safety profiles compared to oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42024508382.

ObjectiveTo identify HBV-related genes (HRGs) implicated in osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis and develop a diagnostic model for early OP detection in chronic HBV infection (CBI) patients.MethodsFive public sequencing datasets were collected from the GEO database. Gene differential expression and LASSO analyses identified genes linked to OP and CBI. Machine learning algorithms (random forests, support vector machines, and gradient boosting machines) further filtered these genes. The best diagnostic model was chosen based on accuracy and Kappa values. A nomogram model based on HRGs was constructed and assessed for reliability. OP patients were divided into two chronic HBV-related clusters using non-negative matrix factorization. Differential gene expression analysis, Gene Ontology, and KEGG enrichment analyses explored the roles of these genes in OP progression, using ssGSEA and GSVA. Differences in immune cell infiltration between clusters and the correlation between HRGs and immune cells were examined using ssGSEA and the Pearson method.ResultsDifferential gene expression analysis of CBI and combined OP dataset identified 822 and 776 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with 43 genes intersecting. Following LASSO analysis and various machine learning recursive feature elimination algorithms, 16 HRGs were identified. The support vector machine emerged as the best predictive model based on accuracy and Kappa values, with AUC values of 0.92, 0.83, 0.74, and 0.7 for the training set, validation set, GSE7429, and GSE7158, respectively. The nomogram model exhibited AUC values of 0.91, 0.79, and 0.68 in the training set, GSE7429, and GSE7158, respectively. Non-negative matrix factorization divided OP patients into two clusters, revealing statistically significant differences in 11 types of immune cell infiltration between clusters. Finally, intersecting the HRGs obtained from LASSO analysis with the HRGs identified three genes.ConclusionThis study successfully identified HRGs and developed an efficient diagnostic model based on HRGs, demonstrating high accuracy and strong predictive performance across multiple datasets. This research not only offers new insights into the complex relationship between OP and CBI but also establishes a foundation for the development of early diagnostic and personalized treatment strategies for chronic HBV-related OP.

Calcium bismuth niobate (CBN) ceramic, as a core element of high-temperature piezoelectric sensors, has attracted widespread attention due to its high Curie temperature within the class of Aurivillius compounds. However, CBN usually faces two shortcomings: poor piezoelectric constant and low resistivity. In this work, CBN-based ceramics with donor–acceptor ions (W/Co) co-substituted at B-site were prepared by solid-state reaction method, and structure–property relationship of ceramics was studied in detail. Co-substitution of W/Co ions effectively improved the electrical property and hardness of CBN ceramics. CaBi2Nb[Formula: see text](W[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O9 exhibits enhanced electrical and mechanical properties including high resistivity of [Formula: see text]cm at 500°C, piezoelectric constant of [Formula: see text] pC/N and hardness value of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GPa. These values are two orders of magnitude, over two times, and 1.36 times higher than those of pure CBN ceramic, respectively. This work provides a reference for exploring other bismuth-layered structural ceramics.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the pathogen of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), causing the severe economic losses in farmed gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Further exploration of the genome structure and potential molecular pathogenesis of CyHV-2 through complete genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and molecular characterization is required. Herein, the genome of a CyHV-2 YC-01 strain isolated from diseased gibel carp collected in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China was sequenced, then we analyzed the genomic structure, genetic properties, and molecular characterization. First, the complete YC-01 genome comprises 275,367 bp without terminal repeat (TR) regions, with 151 potential open reading frames (ORFs). Second, compared with other representative published strains of the genus Cyvirus, several evident variations are found in YC-01, particularly the orientation and position of ORF25 and ORF25B. ORF107 and ORF156 are considered as potential molecular genetic markers for YC-01. ORF55 (encoding thymidine kinase) might be used to distinguish YC-01 and ST-J1 from other CyHV-2 isolates. Third, phylogenetically, YC-01 clusters with the members of the genus Cyvirus (together with the other six CyHV-2 isolates). Fourth, 43 putative proteins are predicted to be functional and are mainly divided into five categories. Several conserved motifs are found in nucleotide, amino acid, and promoter sequences including cis-acting elements identification of YC-01. Finally, the potential virulence factors and linear B cell epitopes of CyHV-2 are predicted to supply possibilities for designing novel vaccines rationally. Our results provide insights for further understanding genomic structure, genetic evolution, and potential molecular mechanisms of CyHV-2.

Notch signaling pathway is activated abnormally in solid and hematological tumors, which perform essential functions in cell differentiation, survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The activation of Notch signaling and communication among Notch and other oncogenic pathways heighten malignancy aggressiveness. Thus, targeting Notch signaling offers opportunities for improved survival and reduced disease incidence. Already, most attention has been given to its role in the cancer cells. Recent research shows that natural bioactive compounds can change signaling molecules that are linked to or interact with the Notch pathways. This suggests that there may be a link between Notch activation and the growth of tumors. Here, we sum up the natural bioactive compounds that possess inhibitory effects on human cancers by impeding the Notch pathway and preventing Notch crosstalk with other oncogenic pathways, which provoke further study of these natural products to derive rational therapeutic regimens for the treatment of cancer and develop novel anticancer drugs. This review revealed Notch as a highly challenging but promising target in oncology.

While afforestation mitigates climate concerns, the impact of afforestation on ecological assembly processes and multiple soil functions (multifunctionality) in afforested areas remains unclear. The Xiong’an New Area plantation forests (Pinus and Sophora forests) in North China were selected to examine the effects of plantation types across four distinct seasons on soil microbiomes. Three functional categories (nutrient stocks, organic matter decomposition, and microbial functional genes) of multifunctionality and the average (net) multifunctionality were quantified. All these categories are directly related to soil functions. The results showed that net soil multifunctionality as a broad function did not change seasonally, unlike other narrow functional categories. Bacterial communities were deterministically (variable selection and homogenous selection) structured, whereas the stochastic process of dispersal limitation was mainly responsible for the assembly and turnover of fungal and protist communities. In Pinus forests, winter initiates a sudden shift from deterministic to stochastic processes in bacterial community assembly, accompanied by decreased Shannon diversity and heightened nutrient cycling (nutrient stocks and organic matter decomposition). This indicates the potential vulnerability of deterministic assembly to seasonal fluctuations, particularly in environments rich in nutrients. The results predicted that protist community composition was uniquely structured with C-related functional activities relative to bacterial and fungal β-diversity variations, which were mostly explained by seasonal variations. Our study highlighted the importance of the protist phagocytosis process on soil microbial interactions through the predicted impact of protist α-diversity on microbial cooccurrence network parameters. This association might be driven by the high abundance of protist consumers as the main predators of bacterial and fungal lineages in our sampling plots. Our findings reveal that the complexity of microbial co-occurrence interactions was considerably higher in spring, perhaps attributing thermal variability and increased resource availability within spring that foster microbial diversity and network complexity. This study contributes to local ecosystem prospects to model the behavior of soil biota seasonally and their implied effects on soil functioning and microbial assembly processes, which will benefit global-scale afforestation programs by promoting novel, precise, and rational plantation forests for future environmental sustainability and self-sufficiency.

Abstract Woody Plant Encroachment (WPE) is a key driver of grassland collapse in the Southern Great Plain (SGP), resulting in a series of adverse ecological and socioeconomic consequences. Climate change will interact with ongoing WPE as it will likely shift the potential ranges of WPE species. In this study, we employed an ensemble approach integrating results from multiple Species Distribution Models to project future distribution ranges of four major WPE species (Ashe juniper, honey mesquite, post oak, and eastern redcedar) in the SGP across the 21st century. The findings highlighted a noteworthy trend: under future climate conditions, the distribution ranges for these WPE species were projected to shift northward and eastward. Of particular concern is honey mesquite with significant expansion in distribution range, potentially covering up to two‐thirds of the SGP's non‐agricultural area by the end of the 21st century. Conversely, the other three WPE species were expected to experience a contraction in their distribution ranges. Ashe juniper may experience a decline in its current habitats in central Texas but gain new habitats in northern Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The suitable ranges of post oak and eastern redcedar were projected to shrink eastward, primarily being restricted to eastern portions of Oklahoma and Texas under the RCP4.5 and a smaller area in eastern Oklahoma under the RCP8.5. The projected shift in WPE ranges provides a scientific basis for governments to optimize the allocation of management resources and implement timely practices to control the spread of woody plants during the early encroachment stage. Our study methodology is applicable to other regions and continents with WPE issues, including Africa, South America, and Australia.

Abstract Study objectives To assess whether preoperative dexmedetomidine (DEX) nasal drips combined with conventional treatment could mitigate the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD). Design A prospective randomised controlled study. Setting The cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) and patient hospitalisation ward at a university hospital. Participants A total of 100 patients (aged ≥60 years) undergoing cardiac surgery at a university hospital between 7 January 2022, and 30 November 2022 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Interventions Patients with sleep disorders (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥8) were divided into two groups: Group A (the placebo group, n=50), receiving a short-term preoperative placebo combined with conventional treatment and Group B (the DEX group, n=50), receiving short-term preoperative DEX combined with conventional treatment. Measurements and results The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was used for POD assessment in the CSICU, while the CAM was employed to assess delirium in the patient ward. Group B demonstrated a reduced incidence of POD compared to Group A (12% vs. 30%, odds ratio: 0.318, 95% confidence interval: 0.112–0.905, p=0.027). Conclusion The combined treatment involving DEX demonstrated a decreased incidence of POD in elderly individuals with sleep disorders undergoing cardiac surgery compared to the placebo combination treatment. Trial registration URL: www.chictr.org.cn with registration number ChiCTR 2100043968, registered on 06/03/2021.

In recent decades, numerous instances of blockages have been reported in coastal nuclear power plants globally, leading to serious safety accidents such as power reduction, manual or automatic power loss, or shutdown of nuclear power units. Loss or shortage of cooling water may compromise the reliability of the cooling water system, thus threatening the operational safety of power plants and resulting in revenue reduction. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current state of cooling water system safety in coastal nuclear power plants worldwide and the common challenges they face, as well as the relevant research on cooling water system safety issues. The research overview and progress in investigation methods, outbreak mechanisms, prevention and control measures, and practical cases of blockages were summarized. Despite existing research, there are still many shortcomings regarding the pertinence, comprehensiveness and prospects of related research, and many problems urgently need to be solved. The most fundamental concern involves understanding the list of potential risks of blockages and their spatially distributed effects in surrounding waters. Furthermore, knowledge of the biological cycles and ecological habits of key organisms is essential for implementing risk prevention and control and for building a scientific and effective monitoring system.

Abstract Background Family doctor contract services (FDCS) have been introduced in China in 2009 [1] and rapidly expanded recently. This study sought to investigate factors that influenced the willingness of Chinese residents to use FDCS. Methods We employed multistage stratified and convenience sampling to administer questionnaires to 1455 Beijing, Qinghai, and Fujian residents. The willingness of residents in each province to contract family doctors was analyzed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results The analysis in this study found that the signing rate of family doctors in China was about 27.77%, with differences in the signing up levels in Beijing (13.68%), Fujian (64.49%) and Qinghai (11.22%). In addition, the binary logistic regression results emphasized the relative importance of age, education, medical preference and policy knowledge on the willingness to sign up. Distrust of family doctors’ medical skills (65.7%), not knowing how to contract (47.8%), and not knowing what medical problems can be solved (41.1%) were the top three reasons accounting for the reluctance of residents to contract with family doctors. Conclusion Residents from different backgrounds have different willingness to sign up, so the specific circumstances and needs of different groups should be taken into account. In order to increase the signing-up rate, consideration can be given to promoting the family doctor model in Fujian throughout the country. Individual hesitation can be eliminated by increasing the reimbursement rate of health insurance, reducing the out-of-pocket expenses of contracted patients, and providing incentives of certain discounts for consecutive contracted patients.

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two typical neurodevelopmental disorders that have a long-term impact on physical and mental health. ASD is usually comorbid with ADHD and thus shares highly overlapping clinical symptoms. Delineating the shared and distinct neurophysiological profiles is important to uncover the neurobiological mechanisms to guide better therapy. In this study, we aimed to establish the behaviors, functional connectome, and network properties differences between ASD, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Inattentive using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used the non-negative matrix fraction method to define personalized large-scale functional networks for each participant. The individual large-scale functional network connectivity (FNC) and graph-theory-based complex network analyses were executed and identified shared and disorder-specific differences in FNCs and network attributes. In addition, edge-wise functional connectivity analysis revealed abnormal edge co-fluctuation amplitude and number of transitions among different groups. Taken together, our study revealed disorder-specific and -shared regional and edge-wise functional connectivity and network differences for ASD and ADHD using an individual-level functional network mapping approach, which provides new evidence for the brain functional abnormalities in ASD and ADHD and facilitates understanding the neurobiological basis for both disorders.

Abstract The spatial distribution and data quality of curve number (CN) values determine the performance of hydrological estimations. However, existing CN datasets are constrained by universal-applicability hypothesis, medium resolution, and imbalance between specificity CN tables to generalized land use/land cover (LULC) maps, which hinder their applicability and predictive accuracy. A new annual CN dataset named CUSCN30, featuring an enhanced resolution of 30 meters and accounting for temporal variations in climate and LULC in the continental United States (CONUS) between 2008 and 2021, was developed in this study. CUSCN30 demonstrated good performance in surface runoff estimation using CN method when compared to observed surface runoff for the selected watersheds. Compared with existing CN datasets, CUSCN30 exhibits the highest accuracy in runoff estimation for both normal and extreme rainfall events. In addition, CUSCN30, with its high spatial resolution, better captures the spatial heterogeneity of watersheds. This developed CN dataset can be used as input for hydrological models or machine learning algorithms to simulate rainfall-runoff across multiple spatiotemporal scales.

Emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals has garnered substantial attention in recent years and finds extensive applications in the domains of medicine and psychology. However, individual differences in EEG signals pose a challenge to accurate emotion recognition and limit the widespread adoption of such techniques. To address this issue, this study proposes a model that combines random forest weights (RFWs) and four-dimensional convolutional recurrent neural network (4DCRNN) to minimize individual differences and captures emotion-relevant information. By integrating, the proposed model aims to improve the accuracy and generalization capability of emotion recognition. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted using the DEAP and SEED datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the RFW-4DCRNN in emotion recognition. Specifically, the proposed model achieves mean accuracy of 94.98% and 94.21% for Subject-dependent recognition using the DEAP and SEED datasets, respectively. For Subject-independent emotion recognition, the model achieved mean accuracy of 81.70% and 91.12% using two datasets, respectively. The result highlights the capability of the RFW-4DCRNN to effectively recognize emotions and improves generalization performance. Overall, this study presents an approach to addressing individual differences in EEG-based emotion recognition. The RFW-4DCRNN demonstrates promising results in terms of accuracy and generalization capability, offering potential for the advancement and application of emotion recognition techniques.