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This study focuses on mitigating ship roll, which significantly impacts navigation. The research investigates a design method for a rudder and fin joint roll reduction controller based on non-linear feedback. A comprehensive 4-DOF motion model of the ship is developed. The controller aims to enhance roll stability by effectively regulating the anti-rolling forces generated by the rudder and fin. Employing a PID controller with time-varying gains enhances the system's dynamic response and enables it to withstand diverse wave conditions. Non-linear feedback techniques are implemented to minimise control variable outputs, thereby preventing excessive roll reduction forces that might lead to reverse roll. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the roll suppression capability of the proposed controller. The obtained results demonstrate that the non-linear feedback-based roll reduction controller achieves outstanding roll stabilisation efficiency, reduced fin angle and rudder angle outputs, and improved heading stability when compared to conventional PID controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of roll on the ship’s motion is most obvious because the ship’s transverse damping is small. To achieve roll reduction of the ship, a linear ship model is constructed, and a design method of rudder roll stabilisation controller based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) technology is studied. In this case, the rudder is used for simultaneous course keeping and roll reduction. Due to the rudder angle is constrained by a maximum angle and the rudder rate is constrained by a maximum rate, there is a problem of input constraints. Therefore, the solution conditions of the controller are derived based on the input constraints of rudder angle and rudder rate. These conditions are presented in the form of LMIs. The technology of rudder roll stabilisation does not need to add additional hardware, is relatively inexpensive, and can be applied to different ship types. Finally, the course keeping and roll reduction abilities of the rudder roll stabilisation controller is verified by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective At present, there is no standard salvage treatment strategies for lung cancer. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacies and safeties of pemetrexed alone with pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as salvage therapy in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma to provide evidences for combination therapy. Methods From January 2009 to February 2011, 83 patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received pemetrexed alone (single agent arm, n=47) or pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin (combination arm, n=36) as salvage therapy. All 83 patients had performance status (PS) scores of 0-2. Results Eighty-one patients were included in the final analysis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the single agent arm was 3.6 months versus 4.1 months in the combination arm (P=0.268). The objective response rate (ORR) was 6.5% versus 20% (P=0.092), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 56.5% versus 65.7% (P=0.493), respectively. The response rates of the hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities in the single agent and combination arms were 33.9% versus 47.2% (P=0.460) and 21.2% versus 25.0% (P=0.213), respectively. Conclusion For salvage therapy, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin is tolerable in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients with good PS scores. Compared with pemetrexed alone, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin therapy showed higher response rate, but did not significantly prolong the PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective At present, there is no standard salvage treatment strategies for lung cancer. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacies and safeties of pemetrexed alone with pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as salvage therapy in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma to provide evidences for combination therapy. Methods From January 2009 to February 2011, 83 patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received pemetrexed alone (single agent arm, n=47) or pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin (combination arm, n=36) as salvage therapy. All 83 patients had performance status (PS) scores of 0-2. Results Eighty-one patients were included in the final analysis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the single agent arm was 3.6 months versus 4.1 months in the combination arm (P=0.268). The objective response rate (ORR) was 6.5% versus 20% (P=0.092), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 56.5% versus 65.7% (P=0.493), respectively. The response rates of the hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities in the single agent and combination arms were 33.9% versus 47.2% (P=0.460) and 21.2% versus 25.0% (P=0.213), respectively. Conclusion For salvage therapy, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin is tolerable in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients with good PS scores. Compared with pemetrexed alone, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin therapy showed higher response rate, but did not significantly prolong the PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Immune regulation plays a crucial role in sepsis. We looked into the link between immune effector-related proteins and sepsis in this study by using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We accessed and collected data from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit's Open About Sepsis genome-wide association study database. The 6 immune effector-associated proteins each contained 10,534,735 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 3301 samples. Using the weighted median, MR-Egger, simplex, inverse-variance weighting, and weighted mode methods, univariate MR then investigated the link between complement factor H-related protein-5 (CFHR5), Fc epsilon receptor II (FCER2), granzyme B (GZMB), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha (HLA-DQA2), mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2), or myeloperoxidase (MPO) and sepsis. In the inverse-variance weighted results, the P values of all 6 immune effector-related proteins were <0.05, suggesting a possible causal relationship between them and sepsis. MBL2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.046) was a risk factor for sepsis, while the other proteins (FCER2: OR = 0.922; GZMB: OR = 0.908; CFHR5: OR = 0.858; HLA-DQA2: OR = 0.896; MPO: OR = 0.875) were safety factors. By revealing a causal link between sepsis and CFHR5, FCER2, GZMB, HLA-DQA2, MBL2, or MPO, our study offers an essential resource for additional investigations on the subject., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background and Objective: Pemetrexed and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were used in patients with EGFR mutation to determine their effects. This study analyzed the influence of EGFR-TKIs on pemetrexed by observing the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed following responses to EGFR-TKIs., Methods: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients were divided into EGFR-TKIs and no-EGFR-TKI groups according to the targeted therapy. All patients received pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) as second (or higher)-line treatment. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.0) were used to evaluate the response to pemetrexed. Adverse events were classified based on version 4.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria., Results: There were 57 patients in the EGFR-TKIs group and 56 in the no-EGFR-TKIs group. The disease control rates (DCRs) were 77.2% and 67.9% (P=0.367). The progression free survival (PFS) periods were 5.95 and 3.55 months (P=0.535). The overall survival (OS) periods were 10.10 and 8.24 months (P=0.432). However, these values were not statistically significant. The common toxicities of pemetrexed were hematologic and gastrointestinal (grades I and II). Two patients in the EGFR-TKIs group discontinued pemetrexed because of severe toxicities, which were not observed in the no-EGFR-TKIs group. Both groups had one patient who reduced dosage because of myelosuppression (grade IV). There were five and nine patients in the EGFR-TKIs and no-EGFR-TKIs groups, respectively, who delayed therapy not because of severe toxicities but due to subjective factors., Conclusion: The DCRs, PFS periods, and OS periods of the patients administered with pemetrexed following EGFR-TKIs were better than those of the EGFR-TKIs group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, sequential pemetrexed administration caused negligible toxicities and can be used in adenocarcinoma therapy following responses to EGFR-TKIs.

Background and Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Thus far, good tumor markers for diagnosing this disease have not been found. Therefore, the discovery of novel biomarkers through the application of new methods has become a hotspot in lung cancer research. The aim of this study is to analyze low-molecular-weight metabolites in the serum and urine samples of lung cancer patients and patients with other lung diseases through metabolomics and to explore potential tumor markers further., Methods: Both serum and urine samples from 19 lung cancer patients and 15 patients with other lung diseases were subjected to metabolomic analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Orthogonal to partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed for modeling. Two sample t-test was used to identify differences in metabolite concentrations., Results: A total of 57 metabolites were found in the serum, and 38 metabolites were found in the urine. Multivariate statistical analysis yielded a significant distinction in the metabolic profiles between lung cancer patients and patients with other lung diseases. The t-test results indicated a total of 13 metabolites in the serum and 7 metabolites in the urine with statistically significant differences., Conclusions: Metabolomics is useful in discriminating between lung cancer and other lung diseases. As a novel approach, it has potential in the diagnosis of lung cancer at molecular level.

Background and Objective: At present, there is no standard salvage treatment strategies for lung cancer. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacies and safeties of pemetrexed alone with pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as salvage therapy in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma to provide evidences for combination therapy., Methods: From January 2009 to February 2011, 83 patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received pemetrexed alone (single agent arm, n=47) or pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin (combination arm, n=36) as salvage therapy. All 83 patients had performance status (PS) scores of 0-2., Results: Eighty-one patients were included in the final analysis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the single agent arm was 3.6 months versus 4.1 months in the combination arm (P=0.268). The objective response rate (ORR) was 6.5% versus 20% (P=0.092), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 56.5% versus 65.7% (P=0.493), respectively. The response rates of the hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities in the single agent and combination arms were 33.9% versus 47.2% (P=0.460) and 21.2% versus 25.0% (P=0.213), respectively., Conclusions: For salvage therapy, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin is tolerable in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients with good PS scores. Compared with pemetrexed alone, pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin therapy showed higher response rate, but did not significantly prolong the PFS.