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In order to select suitable wheat flour raw materials for industrial processing of dough, 12 wheat varieties with a wet gluten content of 24.4%~32.7% were selected. The physicochemical properties, flour properties, viscosity properties, and fermentation rheological properties of wheat flour were measured, and the correlation between wheat flour properties and dough quality was analyzed. The results showed that as the wet gluten content increased, the fermentation height, total volume, retention coefficient (R), and specific volume of the dough all increased (P

The high-precision position closed-loop control of stepper motors usually use field-oriented control. This method requires high-precision models of motors, however stepper motors are complex nonlinear systems, and high-precision models are difficult to obtain. In order to solve this problem, a pulse frequency modulation controller based on arc tangent function is proposed in this paper. This algorithm does not need accurate mathematical model, and its turning parameters have clear physical significance, which can be calculated according to the control requirements. The experimental results show that when tracking the sinusoidal signal θref=450sin(0.628t), the tracking errors (peak-peak value) of the arctangent control algorithm is reduced by nearly 42% compared with the PI control algorithm, which provides a new idea for the position closed-loop control of stepper motors.

Instant rice is a kind of convenient food, which is easy to eat, simple and quick. Instant rice not only conform to ours people’s habits of eating rice, but also meets the needs of the current fast-paced life, which has developed rapidly in recent years. With the further improvement of domestic fresh rice technology and equipment, the wet instant rice industry, such as frozen instant rice, aseptic instant rice, and short-shelf-life instant rice, will be further developed. This paper summarized the main factors affecting the quality of dry instant rice, including raw material varieties, processing precision, processing technology and conditions, and focused on the key technologies of industrial processing of fresh rice, including aseptic processing, high temperature sterilization, ultra-high pressure treatment, etc. The latest research progress of extrusion and recombination instant rice was also reviewed, and the existing problems and future development direction of instant rice were discussed.

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with immune features that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for specific connective tissue diseases (CTDs). This retrospective case–control study investigated the role of serum B-cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and interleukin (IL)-17 as biomarkers for IPAF. The differences in serum BAFF, IL-17, and IL-10 were compared among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), IPAF, ILD associated with CTD (CTD-ILD), and healthy controls. The patients were treatment naïve. The correlations of BAFF with IL-10, IL-17, and pulmonary function were analyzed. The classifiable value of BAFF for IPAF was examined. The results showed that the serum levels of BAFF and IL-17 in the IPAF and CTD-ILD groups were higher than in the IPF group. High BAFF levels and high predicted diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were independent predictive factors for IPAF vs IPF. In the IPAF and CTD-ILD groups, serum BAFF levels were negatively correlated with predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVC%) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) and positively correlated with serum IL-17 and IL-10 levels. The cutoff value of combined BAFF and IL-17 was 0.704, and the sensitivity and specificity for classifying IPAF were 78.9 and 95.7%, respectively. In conclusion, combining serum BAFF and IL-17 as a biomarker may have classifiable value in differentiating IPAF from other forms of ILD.

Frozen dough is a good carrier for whole wheat food, which simplifies production operations, reduces processing difficulties, and steps up the industrial production of whole wheat food. This paper reviewed the effects of dietary fiber on the quality of dough and frozen dough, the changes of fermentation characteristics and Rheology characteristics of whole wheat frozen dough in the process of freezing and cold storage, and the research on the quality improvement of whole wheat frozen dough by food improvers. By analyzing the deterioration reasons of gluten protein, starch, fermentation properties, Rheology properties, etc. in the whole wheat frozen dough during freezing and cold storage, the theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the quality of whole wheat frozen dough were provided.

The volume sweep coefficient is essential for evaluating the development effect and formulating development adjustment plans for oil fields. This paper aims to study the variation law of volume sweep coefficient in different stages of water injection development. From the perspective of the injection pore volume multiple， a calculation model is built of displacement efficiency and injection pore volume multiple， and a calculation method of volume sweep coefficient is proposed based on oil-water relative flow theory and reservoir engineering principle. In addition， three test areas of Shengli Oilfield are taken as examples for calculation and analysis. The results show that the relationship between the displacement efficiency and the injection pore volume multiple satisfies an exponential equation， and the relationship curve between the two is upward convex. As the injection pore volume multiple increases， the displacement efficiency gradually increases from the minimum displacement efficiency and approaches the maximum displacement efficiency. The displacement efficiency calculation model is verified， and the average relative error between the predicted and measured values is only 1.90%. During the water flooding development， the relationship curve between the volume sweep coefficient and the injection pore volume multiple shows an evolution trend of fast rising， slow rising， and near platform. The calculation results can guide the effect evaluation of development adjustment measures. At present， the volume sweep coefficient of the three test areas is about 90%. There is a large amount of remaining oil in the swept area. It is urgent to study the description and start-up method of the main remaining oil in the swept area.

A tunable plexcitonic material that sustains multimode hybridization is highly desirable, which is vital for advanced quantum devices. However, the research about regulations of biexcitons-plasmon coherent states has rarely been reported. Here we apply single-nanoparticle scattering spectroscopy correlative with SEM imaging to identify biexcitons-plasmon interaction in a metal-semiconductor hybrid structure composed of a single Au@Ag nanoparticle, J-aggregates molecules and tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer. The mode competition within the localized plasmonic hotspots (∼240 nm3) is revealed by continuously regulating the J-aggregates spacer. Two distinct anticrossings are observed at both excitons resonances, and large double Rabi splittings (137 meV and 124 meV) are obtained successfully. We establish experimentally that J-aggregates and WS2 monolayer are responsible for the middle polariton states, while plasmon rarely contributes. Further calculations show that plasmonic nanocavity enables coherent energy exchange with different excitons by providing a highly enhanced localized E-field. In addition, we find that the multimode coupling strengths can be efficiently tuned by changing the cavity morphology and environment temperature, where the tuning spectral accuracy can reach up to 1 nm. Our findings uncover the distinctive properties of biexcitons-plasmon polaritons, suggest an easily obtainable multiqubit states platform, and open up a new way to construct nanoscale photonic devices.

ObjectiveTo perform visual analysis of the literature in the field of adolescent social isolation in order to provide reference for research on social isolation of Chinese teenagers.MethodsLiterature related to adolescent social isolation was retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database from September 2013 to September 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software was used to conduct bibliometric analysis on publication volume， publication organization， keyword clustering， keyword salience， and time⁃line map of hot words.ResultsA total of 1 347 related articles were screened out， and the overall number of publications from 2013 showed an upward trend. The largest number of articles came from the United States with 521 （38.68%）， and China ranked 6th with 79 （5.86%）. The top three institutions were Columbia University in the United States （29 articles）， King's College London in the United Kingdom （28 articles） and the University of London in the United Kingdom （27 articles）. Research hotspots mainly focused on social isolation， physical and mental health， loneliness， quality of life and comprehensive interventions.ConclusionIn recent years， the problem of adolescent social isolation has attracted continuous attention from foreign scholars. Based on our national conditions， we should conduct relevant screening and preventive assessment for social isolation of special youth groups， so as to conduct early management and intervention.

With the popularization of the concepts of whole grain health cognition and scientific diet, consumers are paying more and more attention to different forms of whole grain food. Whole grain drink is one of the important products made from whole grain, and the physical stability of whole grain drink is a major challenge in the process of research and development. Since whole grain drink is a thermodynamically unstable system of multiphase turbidite liquid with water as the continuous phase and starch, dietary fiber, protein as the dispersed phase, the separation speed of whole grain drink is fast, which seriously affected the acceptability of consumers. Based on literature review, the multiscale characterization methods of macroscopic, mesoscopic, microscopic and nano-scale for the stability of whole grain drink and characterization methods of the characteristic chemical components were summarized. This paper summarized the stability of whole grain drink characterized with multiscale methods, which could provide methodological guidance for the development of whole grain drink and facilitate the rapid development of whole grain foods.

In order to explore the quality changes of instant brown rice porridge rice during storage, gas chromatographic ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and dynamic principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study the changes of the composition and content of characteristic volatile organic compounds during the storage of instant brown rice porridge rice, the difference of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between samples was evaluated by the flavor information fingerprint. The results showed that GC-IMS combined technology can quickly and qualitatively identify the monomers and dimers of volatile substances of instant brown rice porridge rice in different storage environments and storage times, and a total of 59 VOCs have been identified. The VOCs of fresh instant brown rice porridge rice mainly include aldehydes, ketones and esters, with relative contents of 24.44%, 20.40% and 43.59% respectively. When stored at room temperature, the relative contents of alcohols, aldehydes, pyrazines and furans in instant brown rice porridge increased, while the contents of ketones and esters decreased with the extension of storage time. Vacuum condition had little effect on flavor quality of instant brown rice porridge. In high humidity environment, with the extension of storage time, organic acids were gradually produced, aldehydes and alcohols increased greatly, ketones and esters decreased, and volatile substances changed significantly with the increase of storage temperature.

With the development and application of civil aircraft,the demand for the development and application of aeroengine has gradually emerged.In order to improve the dispatch reliability of aeroengine,it is necessary to conduct professional analysis about maintenance engineering,and promote the development and application of the service products with informationbased and standardized methods.Firstly,the background and industry development about maintenance engineering analysis of aeroengine are introduced in this paper.The core module functions and development requirements about the platform are clarified based on engine maintenance engineering analysis and related standards and specifications.Then,the platform of maintenance engineering analysis is developed.Finally,the operability of the platform is verified by using the engine combustion control system as a case.Results show that with the construction and use of the platform,the analysis of maintenance engineering of engine will be much more standardized,and laid an important data foundation for later design optimization and engineering analysis iteration.

China is one the of the major production country of paddy rice, while during the processing of paddy rice, there is usually a high portion of nutrients loss and rice bran by-products are produced.γ-oryzanol is a mixture of bioactive compounds in the unsaponifiable part of rice bran layer. Research has been focusing on it in recent years due to its outstanding physiological functions. This paper reviews the effects of rice raw materials, precision of rice processing, rice processing methods on the content of γ-oryzanol and the research progress on the extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. We suggest to stress the importance of the data collection of γ-oryzanol content of rice, advocate moderate processing of rice, develop brown rice products by extrusion, advance germination and fermentation techniques, and strengthen the separation of active components from rice bran. This is in line with the major development strategies of grain saving and waste reduction, which helps build a healthy China and support high quality development of China.

Abstract A generalized modelling technique suited to integrated and high order Pulse‐Width‐Modulation (PWM) topologies is studied and proposed here. Most integrated converters have their switches shared by more than one inductive element. The proposed generalised tapped inductor switcher model takes full account of the properties of the shared switcher assembly and so extends the capabilities of the earlier tapped inductor switcher model. The proposed generalised tapped inductor switcher can accommodate both voltage and current switched inputs and thus can model a wide range of high‐order PWM topologies. The topology of the GTIS block is proposed and its static and small‐signal models are derived. The proposed approach is illustrated by analysing a tapped inductor Single Eneded Primary Inductor converter. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by comparison of the theoretical, simulated and experimental results.

To provide data references for the improvement of red bean pulp storage,transportation and quality stability,the changes of freeze-thaw stability and rheological properties of red bean pulp were analyzed through repeated freeze-thaw tests in this paper.The results showed that the structure system of the red bean pulp suffered serious damage after one freeze-thaw cycle (-18 ℃ storaged 7 days) ,the stability coefficient significantly declined,the syneresis rate,clarify index and grain size showed significant increasing trend,these indicators had no significant changes after repeated freeze-thaw cycles,but the loss angle tangent (tanδ) showed a trend of gradual increase,indicating that the repeated freeze-thaw cycles would lead to fewer polymers and lower degree of polymerization in red bean pulp.The freeze-thaw cycle had a correlation to the elastic modulus (G′) of red bean pulp,but had little influence on the viscosity modulus (G″).

The demand for food is increasing day by day because of the increasing global population. Therefore, meat, the easiest and largely available source of protein, needs to be produced in large amounts with good quality. The pork industry is a significant shareholder in fulfilling the global meat demands. Notably, myogenesis-development of muscles during embryogenesis- is a complex mechanism which culminates in meat production. But the molecular mechanisms which govern the myogenesis are less known. The involvement of miRNAs in myogenesis and meat quality, which depends on factors such as myofiber composition and intramuscular fat contents which determine the meat color, flavor, juiciness, and water holding capacity, are being extrapolated to increase both the quantity and quality of pork. Various kinds of microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-21, miR22, miR-27, miR-34, miR-127, miR-133, miR-143, miR-155, miR-199, miR-206, miR-208, miR-378, and miR-432 play important roles in pig skeletal muscle development. Further, the quality of meat also depends upon myofiber which is developed through the expression of different kinds of miRNAs at different stages. This review will focus on the mechanism of myogenesis, the role of miRNAs in myogenesis, and meat quality with a focus on the pig.

In order to accurately evaluate the service life and failure mechanism of the PZT piezoelectric ceramics, the electric degradation process of the PZT ceramics with and sans doping under a DC voltage of 380V, in a surrounding environment of 90∘C and 85% RH has been investigated using a self-made device. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of the pure PZT ceramic is lower than that of ceramics with doping in the same condition. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the ceramics tend to decrease during the electric degradation. The doping increases the defects of ceramics, resulting in that the silver ion transfer from the anode to the cathode under the continuous DC bias, which can further form a metal band, increasing the conductivity, but deteriorating the service life.

The Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PNN-PZT) piezoelectric ceramics with CuO and LiBiO2 doping were successfully fabricated by the low-temperature solid-state reaction to effectively restrain the PbO volatilization. The microstructure and electrical properties of the PNN-PZT ceramics were characterized. The experimental results reveal that the PNN-PZT ceramics are composed of a pure perovskite structure in which the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases coexist. Meanwhile, the good electric properties, including low dielectric loss, outstanding diffusion phase transition and palpable dielectric relaxation, are exhibited in PNN-PZT ceramics with 0.2 wt.% CuO and 1 wt.% LiBiO2 addition. This piezoceramic composition possibly provides a reference for the application of multi-layer piezoelectric actuators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hydrochloride fasudil (HF) in rats following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

The C4b binding protein alpha (C4BPA) chain primarily engages in critical inflammatory and coagulation processes. The previous transcriptomic analysis showed that C4BPA is a differentially expressed gene in lower and higher fat content mammary gland cell lines from Chinese Holstein. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C4BPA on the inflammation and milk fat synthesis in bMECs by C4BPA knockdown and overexpression. The results highlighted that knockdown of C4BPA in bMECs could suppress the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway-related genes and promote the expression of complement and coagulation cascade pathways related genes as well as TNF-α. Moreover, knockdown of C4BPA expression in bMECs reduced the content of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) in bMECs, increased NEFA content, reduced mRNA and protein expression of ACSL1 and PPARA, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of ELOVL6, FADS1, and LPL. The bMECs, with the overexpression of C4BPA, showed the enhanced expression of TLR-4/NF-κB linked genes, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and mRNA and protein level while reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α, compliment, and coagulation cascade related genes was observed. In bMECs, overexpression of C4BPA enhanced the content of TG and CHOL while reducing NEFA and stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of ACSL1, PPARA, and PPARG genes while inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of FADS1 and LPL genes. Our results show that C4BPA not only regulates the lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway in bMECs but also contributes to the inflammatory response through TLR-4/NF-κB and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. This study, for the first time, provides the primary basis for understanding the role of C4BPA in immunity and fat metabolism, which enables the researchers for innovative direction to investigate genes associated with fat metabolism and immunity. This study also advocates that the breeders must pay attention to such type of genes with multiple functions during animal breeding.

Rice is the largest staple food species in China, which is closely related to national health.For a long time, it is common to over-process rice which caused serious nutrition loss since pursuit of taste and appearance quality.Because rice bran is rich in nutrients, the milling degree of rice has a significant impact on the nutritional value of rice.Milling process and milling degree will also affect flour properties, and cooking and sensory quality of cooked rice.The effects of milling degree on nutrient content, flour properties,cooking and sensory quality of rice were summerized in order to provide references for the proper processing and milling of rice.

Tailoring the fluorescence emission of quantum emitters to a desired direction is a crucial issue to achieve high efficient photodetection and realize unique optoelectronic devices. In this study, the directional emission of quantum dots controlled by optical traveling wave antennas based on 1D silver nanowires (NWs) was investigated. Both leaky waves and surface waves on a single NW are utilized for fluorescence emission control, and we show that the coupled fluorescence transforms from bidirectional to unidirectional emission when the surrounding medium changes from air to water. Moreover, in the unidirectional case, we obtain an ultra-narrow half-power bandwidth about 20°. Finite-difference time-domain simulations and Green’s function method in a stratified medium are used to calculate the far-field emission patterns of the hybrid structures, which agree well with the experiments. Further analyses based on typical modes and the dipole-chain model also reveal the mechanism behind the bidirectional and unidirectional fluorescence emission. These results show that the structures have great potential in integrated on-chip, sensing and photon-collection devices.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers are ideal for evolutionary studies, including phylogeography, population genetics, phylogeny, etc. However, different mitochondrial genes always own different evolutionary rate. In this study, we analysed the genetic variation across the 16 complete mtDNA from 13 species in the genus Papilio and recognized the best DNA barcoding for Papilio species. The mitochondrial gene arrangement for each species shares a similar order, similar to the typical Papilionidae species, which indicated the relatively conservative state of gene arrangement in Papilio. The sliding window of genetic diversity showed that there was a significant difference in the genetic diversity of each gene in the mitochondrial genome of Papilio. The relatively mean clock rate of the ND1 was broadly lower than the other genes in mitochondrial genome of Papilio; while the ATP8 owns the largest values of mean clock rate. Those results suggested that the rate of evolution of each gene is not balanced and all mitochondrial genes except ND1 and ATP8 could act as barcoding for the identification of Papilio species. The phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA data for 13 Papilio species divided them into five major branches, which keep the same topological structure with previous studies.

Phase frequency detector(PFD) is the key module of charge pump phase locked Loops(CPPLL).Dead zone which is one of the primary design considerations of PFD shows the capability of detecting the minimum phase error of the two input signals and it deteriorates the spurious performance of CPPLLs. A no dead zone PFD with a novel delay unit is designed based on TSMC 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology. A delay unit composed of transmission gates and an inverters achieving eight different delay time by three control bits is proposed, which can be flexibly configured and effectively eliminates dead zone. It is simple structure with advantages of small area, easy scalability and portability. The simulation results indicate the presented PFD can be applied to PLLs for eliminating dead zone.

Investigating multi cyclic gas (N2 and CO2) huff and puff have been conducted by long sandpack simulations with four different crude oils from Jiangsu oilfield. According to the production differential pressure and the production regularity during huff and puff, the production process was divided into three sections; the first one is free gas production section; the second section is low viscous oil production section, and the third one is gas driving exploitation section. According to the results, the production decreases with the increase of cycle times at a certain backpressure, and the effect of multi-cycle huff and puff is improved as the backpressure decreases. In the same cycle, the oil production increases as the backpressure declines. In the first huff and puff cycle, positive synergistic effects are generated while CO2 and N2 are being mixed, and there is an optimum ratio between them. The amount of CO2 in the optimum ratio increases as the backpressure rises. The effect of single gas is better than that of mixed gas in multi-cycle huff and puff, and the effect of CO2 is better than that of N2. The effect of huff and puff is not influenced by the injection mode. At a high backpressure, the huff-and-puff effect becomes better as the oil viscosity increases, but at low backpressure, it becomes worse with an increase in oil viscosity. The huff-and-puff effect also gets worse as the temperature rises. The oil recovery degree is improved as the CO2 injection amount increases, but there is an optimal oil exchange ratio. The depressurization process should be neither too quick nor too slow in the CO2 huff-and-puff process. The cyclic oil production is improved with the increase of injection rate while the average injection rate is lower than 90 L/min. The equilibrium time of CO2 is shorter than that of N2. The economic return of N2 huff and puff is better than that of CO2 at high producing pressure drop, and light oil has higher economic returns than heavy oil.

A phase-field model is applied to study competitive dendritic growth between different grains with different crystalline orientations during laser welding of Al-Cu alloy. An unfavorable oriented (UO) grain is set to locate between two favorable oriented (FO) grains to study the dendritic growth behaviors at not only converging grain boundary (GB) but also diverging GB. It is found that the cellular dendrites appear firstly nearby the GBs at initial instability stage. At early competitive growth stage, the UO misalignment angle influences the competitive dendritic growth at both GBs. After completely entering competitive growth stage, the leading dendrites that are much faster than other dendrites at GBs firstly grow in lateral direction. The side branches growing from leading dendrites block growth path of nearby dendrites and change the UO/FO grain widths. The converging GB deflection angle and the side branch development at diverging GB as characteristic competitive dendritic growth behavior at relatively steady growth stage also significantly affect UO and FO grain widths. The numerical results are basically consistent with microstructure obtained by experiment. Keywords: Phase-field model, Competitive dendritic growth, Laser welding, Al-Cu alloy, Crystalline orientation, Grain boundary

Abstract Liver diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are characterized by excess hepatic accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides which are associated with defective insulin action. Myostatin (Mstn) and adiponectin, secreted by muscle cells and adipocytes, respectively, play important roles in regulating insulin signaling and energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying the actions of Mstn and adiponectin remain largely unknown. Moreover, the interactions between Mstn and adiponectin in regulating gene expression critical for fatty acid metabolism and insulin action in hepatocytes have not been investigated. The effects of Mstn and AdipoRon, a synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist that is orally active, alone or in combination, on hepatic gene expression and function was investigated. While Mstn increased fatty acid (FA) accumulation and desensitized cellular responses to insulin, AdipoRon protected against Mstn‐induced defects in hepatic gene expression and function. In addition, these effects of Mstn were associated with reduced AMPK and PPARα activities which were reversed by AdipoRon. Finally, AdipoRon was able to prevent Mstn‐induced activation of the Smad2/3 pathway. These data suggest crosstalk between Mstn‐induced Smad2/3 and adiponectin‐induced AMPK/PPARα pathways, which may play important roles in the regulation of hepatic gene expression critical for FA metabolism and insulin signaling. In addition, the data suggest that AdipoRon, as an adiponectin receptor agonist, may serve a therapeutic role to reduce the hepatic contribution to the disorders of fat metabolism and insulin action.